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________________ samAdhimaraNa (mRtyuvaraNa) : eka tulanAtmaka tathA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jaina paramparA ke sAmAnya AcAra niyamoM meM saMlekhanA yA saMthArA samAdhimaraNa ke bheda Agama (mRtyuvaraNa) eka mahattvapUrNa tathya hai| jaina gRhastha upAsakoM evaM zramaNa jaina Agama granthoM meM mRtyuvaraNa ke avasaroM kI apekSA ke AdhAra sAdhakoM donoM ke lie svecchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa kA vidhAna jaina AgamoM para samAdhi-maraNa ke do prakAra mAne gaye hai- 1. sAgArI saMthArA, meM upalabdha hai| jaina Agama sAhitya aise sAdhakoM kI jIvana gAthAoM aura 2. sAmAnya sNthaaraa| se bharA par3A hai jinhoMne samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNa kiyA thaa| sAgArI saMthArA : jaba akasmAt koI aisI vipatti antakRtdazAMgasUtra evaM anuttaropAtikasUtra meM una zramaNa sAdhakoM kA upasthita ho, jisameM se jIvita baca nikalanA sambhava pratIta na ho, aura upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Ananda Adi una gRhastha sAdhakoM kA jIvana jaise Aga meM gira jAnA, jala meM DUbane jaisI sthiti ho jAnA darzana upalabdha hai, jinhoMne apane jIvana kI saMdhyA-velA meM samAdhi-maraNa athavA hiMsaka puzu yA kisI aise duSTa vyakti ke adhikAra meM pha~sa kA vrata liyA thaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra mRtyu ke do rUpa haiM- jAnA jahA~ sadAcAra se patita hone kI sambhAvanA ho, aise saMkaTapUrNa 1. samAdhimaraNa yA nirbhayatApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa aura 2. bhayapUrvaka mRtyu avasaro para jo saMthArA, grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sAgArI saMthArA se grasita ho jaanaa| samAdhimaraNa meM manuSya kA mRtyu para zAsana hotA kahalAtA hai| yadi vyakti usa vipatti yA saMkaTapUrNa sthiti se bAhara hai, jabaki anicchApUrvaka maraNa meM mRtyu manuSya para zAsana karatI hai| ho jAtA hai to vaha puna: deha-rakSaNa ke sAmAnya krama ko cAlU rakha pahale ko paNDitamaraNa kahA gayA hai jabaki dUsare ko bAlamaraNa sakatA hai| saMkSepa meM akasmAt mRtyu kA avasara upasthita ho jAne (ajJAnImaraNa) kahA gayA hai| eka jJAnIjana kI mauta hai, dUsarI ajJAnI para jo saMthArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sAgArI saMthArA mRtyu-paryanta kii| ajJAnI viSayAsakta hotA hai aura isalie vaha mRtyu se DaratA ke lie nahIM, varan paristhiti vizeSa ke lie hotA hai ata: usa paristhiti hai, jabaki saccA jJAnI anAsakta hotA hai ata: vaha mRtyu se nahIM DaratA vizeSa ke samApta ho jAne para usa vrata kI maryAdA bhI samApta ho hai| jo mRtyu se bhaya khAtA hai, usase bacane ke lie bhAgA-bhAgA phiratA jAtI hai| hai, mRtyu bhI usakA sadaiva pIchA karatI rahatI hai, lekina jo nirbhaya sAmAnya saMthArA : jaba svAbhAvika jarAvasthA athavA asAdhya ho mRtyu kA svAgata karatA hai, use AliMgana karatA hai, mRtyu usake roga ke kAraNa puna: svastha hokara jIvita rahane kI samasta AzAe~ lie nirarthaka ho jAtI hai| jo mRtyu se bhaya khAtA hai, vaha mRtyu kA dhUmila ho gayI hoM, taba yAvajjIvana taka jo dehAsakti evaM zarIrazikAra hotA hai, lekina jo mRtyu se nirbhaya ho jAtA hai vaha amaratA poSaNa ke prayatnoM kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai aura jo dehapAta para hI kI dizA meM Age bar3ha jAtA hai| sAdhakoM ke prati mahAvIra kA sandeza pUrNa hotA hai vaha sAmAnya saMthArA hai| sAmAnya saMthArA grahaNa karane ke yahI thA ki mRtyu ke upasthita hone para zarIrAdi se anAsakta hokara lie jaina AgamoM meM nimna sthitiyA~ Avazyaka mAnI gayI haiMuse AliMgana de do| mahAvIra ke darzana meM anAsakta jIvana zailI jaba zarIra kI sabhI indriyA~ apane-apane kAryoM ke sampAdana karane kI yahI mahattvapUrNa kasauTI hai, jo sAdhaka mRtyu se bhAgatA hai, vaha meM ayogya ho gayI hoM, jaba zarIra kA mA~sa evaM zoNita sUkha jAne sacce artha meM anAsakta jIvana jIne kI kalA se anabhijJa hai| jise se zarIra asthipaMjara mAtra raha gayA ho, pacana-pAcana, AhAra-nihAra Adi anAsakta mRtyu kI kalA nahIM AtI use anAsakta jIvana kI kalA zArIrika kriyAe~ zithila ho gayI hoM aura inake kAraNa sAdhanA aura bhI nahIM A sktii| isI anAsakta mRtyu kI kalA ko mahAvIra ne saMyama kA paripAlana samyak rIti se honA sambhava nahIM ho, isa prakAra saMlekhanA vrata kahA hai| jaina paramparA meM saMthArA, saMlekhanA, samAdhimaraNa, mRtyu kA jIvana kI dehalI para upasthita ho jAne para hI sAmAnya saMthArA paNDitamaraNa aura sakAmamaraNa Adi niSkAma mRtyuvaraNa ke hI paryAyavAcI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAmAnya saMthArA tIna prakAra kA hotA hainAma hai| AcArya samantabhadra saMlekhanA kI paribhASA karate hue likhate (a) bhaktapratyAkhyAna-AhAra Adi kA tyAga krnaa|| haiM ki ApattiyoM, akAloM, ativRddhAvasthA evaM asAdhya rogoM meM zarIra (ba) iGgitamaraNa-eka nizcita bhU-bhAga para halana-calana Adi tyAga karane ko saMlekhanA kahate hai, arthAt jina sthitiyoM meM mRtyu zArIrika kriyAe~ karate hue AhAra Adi kA tyAga kara denaa| anivArya sI ho gaI ho una paristhitiyoM meM mRtyu ke bhaya se nirbhaya (sa) pAdopagamana-AhAra Adi ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha zArIrika hokara dehAsakti kA visarjana kara mRtyu kA svAgata karanA hI saMlekhanA kriyAoM kA nirodha karate hue mRtyu-paryanta nizcala rUpa se lakar3I ke vrata hai| takhne ke samAna sthira par3e rhnaa|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa ( mRtyuvaraNa) eka tulanAtmaka tathA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vaidika paramparA vaidika paramparA meM mRtyuvaraNa uparokta sabhI prakAra ke samAdhi maraNoM meM mana kA samabhAva meM sthita honA anivArya mAnA gayA hai| samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane kI vidhi jaina AgamoM meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane kI vidhi nimnAnusAra batAI gayI hai-- sarvaprathama malamUtrAdi azuci visarjana ke sthAna kA avalokana kara narama tRNoM kI zaiyyA taiyAra kara lI jAtI hai| tatpazcAt arihanta, siddha aura dharmAcAryoM ko vinayapUrvaka namaskAra kara pUrvagRhIta pratijJAoM meM lage hue doSoM kI AlocanA aura unakA prAyazcita grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isake bAda samasta prANiyoM se kSamA-yAcanA kI jAtI hai aura anta meM aThAraha pApasthAno, annAdi caturvidha AhAroM kA tyAga karake zarIra ke mamatva evaM poSaNakriyA kA visarjana kiyA jAtA hai| sAdhaka pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM pUrNata: hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha yAvat mithyAdarzana zalya se virata hotA hU~, anna Adi cAro prakAra ke AhAra kA yAvajjIvana ke lie tyAga karatA huuN| merA yaha zarIra jo mujhe atyanta priya thA, maine isakI bahuta rakSA kI thI, kRpaNa ke dhana ke samAna ise sambhAlatA rahA thA, isa para merA pUrNa vizvAsa thA ki yaha mujhe kabhI nahIM chor3egA), isake samAna mujhe anya koI priya nahIM thA, isalie maine ise zIta, garmI, kSudhA, tRSNA Adi aneka kaSToM se evaM vividha rogoM se bacAyA aura sAvadhAnIpUrvaka isakI rakSA karatA rahA thA, aba maiM isa deha kA visarjana karatA hU~ aura isake poSaNa evaM rakSaNa ke prayAsoM kA parityAga karatA huuN| bauddha paramparA meM mRtyuvaraNa yadyapi buddha ne jaina paramparA ke samAna hI dhArmika AtmahatyAoM ko anucita mAnA hai, tathApi bauddha sAhitya meM kucha aise sandarbha avazya haiM jo svecchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa kA samarthana karate hai| saMyuktanikAya meM asAdhya roga se pIr3ita bhikSu vakkali kulaputra bhikSu chatra' dvArA kI gaI AtmahatyAoM kA samarthana svayaM buddha ne kiyA thA aura unheM nirdoSa kaha kara dono hI bhikSuoM ko parinirvANa prApta karane vAlA batAyA thaa| jApAnI bauddhoM meM to Aja bhI harIkarI kI prathA mRtyuvaraNa kI sUcaka hai| phira bhI jaina paramparA aura bauddha paramparA meM mRtyuvaraNa ke prazna ko lekara kucha antara bhI hai prathama to yaha ki jaina paramparA ke viparIta bauddha paramparA meM zastravadha se tatkAla hI mRtyuvaraNa kara liyA jAtA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne zastravadha ke dvArA tAtkAlika mRtyuvaraNa kA virodha isalie kiyA thA ki unheM usameM maraNAkAMkSA kI sambhAvanA pratIta huii| unake anusAra yadi maraNAkAMkSA nahIM hai to phira maraNa ke lie utanI AturatA kyoM? isa prakAra jahA~ bauddha paramparA zastravadha ke dvArA kI gaI AtmahatyA kA samarthana karatI hai, vahIM jaina paramparA use asvIkAra karatI hai| isa sandarbha meM bauddha paramparA vaidika paramparA ke adhika nikaTa hai| 421 sAmAnyatayA hindU dharmazAstroM meM AtmahatyA ko mahApApa mAnA gayA hai| pArAzarasmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki jo kleza, bhaya, ghamaNDa aura krodha ke vazIbhUta hokara AtmahatyA karatA hai, yaha sATha hajAra varSa taka narakavAsa karatA hai, 1deg lekina inake atirikta hindU dharmazAstroM meM aise bhI aneka sandarbha haiM jo svecchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa kA samarthana karate haiN| prAyazcitta ke nimitta se mRtyuvaraNa kA samarthana manusmRti (11/ 90-91) yAjJavalkyasmRti (3 / 253, gautamasmRti ( 23/1), vaziSThadharmasUtra (20/22 13/14) aura ApastaMbasUtra (1/9/25/ 1-3, 6) meM bhI kiyA gayA hai mAtra itanA hI nahIM, hindU dharmazAstroM meM aise bhI aneka sthala haiM, jahA~ mRtyuvaraNa ko pavitra evaM dhArmika AcaraNa ke rUpa meM dekhA gayA hai| mahAbhArata ke anuzAsanaparva (25/ 62-64), vanaparva (85/83) evaM matsyapurANa (186/34/35) meM agnipraveza, jalapraveza, giripatana, viSayaprayoga yA upavAsa Adi ke dvArA deha tyAga karane para brahmaloka yA mukti prApta hotI hai aisA mAnA gayA hai| aparArka ne prAcIna AcAryoM ke mata ko uddhRta karate hue likhA hai ki yadi koI gRhastha asAdhya roga se pIr3ita ho, jisane apane kartavya pUre kara lie hoM, vaha mahAprasthAna hetu agni yA jala meM praveza kara athavA parvatazikhara se girakara apane prANoM kI Ahuti de sakatA hai| aisA karake vaha koI pApa nahIM krtaa| usakI mRtyu to tapoM se bhI bar3hakara hai| zAstrAnumodita kartavyoM ke pAlana meM azakta hone para jIvana jIne kI icchA rakhanA vyartha hai| zrImadabhAgavata ke 11 veM skandha ke 18 veM adhyAya meM bhI svecchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA meM svecchA mRtyuvaraNa kA samarthana na kevala zAstrIya AdhAroM para huA hai varan vyAvahArika jIvana meM isake aneka udAharaNa bhI paramparA meM upalabdha haiN| mahAbhArata meM pANDavoM ke dvArA himAlaya yAtrA meM kiyA gayA dehapAta mRtyuvaraNa kA eka pramukha udAharaNa hai / DaoN0 pANDuraMga vAmana kANe ne vAlmIki rAmAyaNa evaM anya vaidika dharmagranthoM tathA zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para zarabhaMga, mahArAjA raghu, kalacurI ke rAjA gAMgeya, caMdela kula ke rAjA gaMgadeva, cAlukyarAja somezvara Adi ke svecchA mRtyuvaraNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| maigasthanIja ne bhI IzvI pUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM pracalita svecchAmaraNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| prayAga meM akSayavaTa se kUda kara gaMgA meM praNAnta karane kI prathA tathA kAzI meM karavata lene kI prathA vaidika paramparA meM madhya yuga taka bhI kAphI pracalita thI / yadyapi ye prathAe~ Aja nAmazeSa ho gayI haiM phira bhI vaidika saMnyAsiyoM dvArA jIvita samAdhi lene kI prathA Aja bhI janamAnasa kI zraddhA kA kendra hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki na kevala jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM, baran vaidika paramparA meM bhI mRtyuvaraNa ko samarthana diyA gayA hai| lekina jaina aura vaidika paramparAoM meM pramukha antara yaha hai ki jahA~ vaidika paramparA meM jala evaM agni se praveza, girizikhara se giranA, viSa yA zastra prayoga Adi vividha sAdhanoM se mRtyuvaraNa kA vidhAna milatA hai, vahA~ jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA kevala upavAsa dvArA hI .
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________________ 422 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 dehatyAga kA samarthana milatA hai| jaina paramparA zastra Adi se hone vAlI ne isIlie sAmAnya sthiti meM zastravadha, agnipraveza yA giripatana Adi tAtkAlika mRtyu kI apekSA upavAsa dvArA hone vAlI kramika mRtyu sAdhanoM ke dvArA tAtkAlika mRtyuvaraNa ko anucita hI mAnA hai kyoMki ko hI adhika prazasta mAnatI hai| yadyapi brahmacarya kI rakSA Adi kucha unake pIche maraNAkAMkSA kI sambhAvanA rahI huI hai| samAdhimaraNa meM prasaMgoM meM tAtkAlika mRtyuvaraNa ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, tathApi AhArAdi ke tyAga meM mRtyu kI cAha nahIM hotI, mAtra deha-poSaNa kA sAmAnyatayA jaina AcAryoM ne tAtkAlika mRtyuvaraNa jise prakArAntara visarjana kiyA jAtA hai| mRtyu usakA pariNAma avazya hai lekina usakI se AtmahatyA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, kI AlocanA kI hai| AcArya AkAMkSA nhiiN| jaise braNa kI cIra phAr3a ke pariNAmasvarUpa vedanA avazya samantabhadra ne giripatana yA agnipraveza ke dvArA kiye jAne vAle mRtyuvaraNa hotI hai lekina usameM vedanA kI AkAMkSA nahIM hotI hai| jaina AcArya ko lokamUr3hatA kahA hai| jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM samAdhi-maraNa ne kahA hai ki samAdhimaraNa kI kriyA maraNa ke nimitta nahIM hokara usake kA artha mRtyu kI kAmanA nahIM, varan dehAsakti kA parityAga hai| unake pratikAra ke lie hai| jaise vraNa kA cIranA vedanA ke nimitta nahIM hokara anusAra to jisa prakAra jIvana kI AkAMkSA dUSita mAnI gaI hai, usI vedanA ke pratikAra ke lie hotA hai| yadi oNparezana kI kriyA meM prakAra mRtyu kI AkAMkSA ko bhI dUSita mAnI gayI hai| ho jAne vAlI mRtyu hatyA nahIM haiM to phira samAdhimaraNa meM ho jAne vAlI mRtyu AtmahatyA kaise ho sakatI hai? eka daihika jIvana kI samAdhimaraNa ke doSa rakSA ke lie hai to dUsarI AdhyAtmika jIvana kI rakSA ke lie hai| jaina AcAryoM ne samAdhimaraNa ke lie nimna pA~ca doSoM se bacane samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM maulika antara hai| AtmahatyA meM vyakti kA nirdeza kiyA hai- 1. jIvana kI AkAMkSA, 2. matyu kI AkAMkSA, jIvana ke saMgharSoM se Uba kara jIvana se bhAganA cAhatA hai, usake mUla 3. aihika sukhoM kI kAmanA, 4. pAralaukika sukhoM kI kAmanA aura meM kAyaratA hai| jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM deha aura saMyama kI rakSA ke 5. indriyoM ke viSayoM ke bhoga kI aakaaNkssaa| anivArya vikalpoM meM se saMyama kI rakSA ke vikalpa ko cunakara mRtyu jaina paramparA ke samAna buddha ne bhI jIvana kI tRSNA aura mRtyu kA sAhasapUrvaka sAmanA kiyA jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa meM jIvana se bhAgane kI tRSNA donoM ko hI anaitika mAnA hai| buddha ke anusAra bhavatRSNA kA prayAsa nahIM varan jIvana-belA kI antima saMdhyA meM dvAra para khar3I aura vibhavatRSNA kramazaH jIvitAzA aura maraNAzA kI pratIka haiM aura haI mRtyu kA svAgata hai| AtmahatyA meM jIvana se bhaya hotA hai, jabaki jaba taka ye AzAe~ yA tRSNAe~ upasthita haiM taba taka naitika pUrNatA samAdhimaraNa meM mRtyu se nirbhayatA hotI hai| AtmahatyA asamaya mRtyu sambhava nahIM hai| ata: sAdhaka ko inase baca ke hI rahanA caahie| lekina kA AmaMtraNa hai jabaki saMthArA yA samAdhimaraNa mAtra mRtyu ke upasthita phira bhI yaha prazna pUchA jA sakatA hai ki kyA samAdhimaraNa mRtyu kI hone para usakA saharSa AliMgana hai| AtmahatyA ke mUla meM yA to bhaya AkAMkSA nahIM hai? hotA hai yA kAmanA, jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM bhaya aura kAmanA donoM kI anupasthiti Avazyaka hotI hai| samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA samAdhimaraNa Atma-balidAna se bhI bhinna hai| paza-bali ke samAna jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM kI paramparAoM meM jIvitAzA aura Atma-bali kI prathA bhI zaiva aura zAkta sampradAyoM meM pracalita rahI maraNAzA donoM ko anucita mAnA gayA hai to yaha prazna svAbhAvika hai| lekina samAdhimaraNa ko Atma-balidAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki rUpa se khar3A hotA hai ki kyA samAdhimaraNa maraNAkAMkSA nahIM hai? vastuta: Atma-balidAna bhI bhAvanA kA atireka hai| bhAvAtireka Atma-balidAna yaha na to maraNAkAMkSA hai aura na AtmahatyA hii| vyakti AtmahatyA kI anivAryatA hai jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM bhAvAtireka nahIM varan viveka yA to krodha ke vazIbhUta hokara karatA hai yA phira sammAna yA hitoM kA prakaTana Avazyaka hai| ko gaharI coTa pahu~cane para athavA jIvana ke nirAza ho jAne para karatA samAdhimaraNa ke pratyaya ke AdhAra para AlocakoM ne yaha kahane hai, lekina ye sabhI citta kI sAMvegika avasthAe~ haiM jaba kI samAdhi- kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai ki jaina darzana jIvana se ikarAra nahIM karatA maraNa to citta kI samatva kI avasthA hai| ata: vaha AtmahatyA nahIM varan jIvana se inkAra karatA hai, lekina gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane kahI jA sktii| dUsare AtmahatyA yA AtmabalidAna meM mRtyu ko nimaMtraNa para yaha dhAraNA bhrAnta hI siddha hotI hai| upAdhyAya amara munijI likhate diyA jAtA hai| vyakti ke antas meM marane kI icchA chipI huI hotI haiM-vaha (jaina darzana) jIvana se inkAra nahIM karatA hai apitu jIvana hai, lekina samAdhimaraNa meM maraNAkAMkSA kA abhAva hI apekSita hai, kyoMki ke mithyA moha se inkAra karatA hai| jIvana jIne meM yadi koI mahattvapUrNa samAdhimaraNa ke pratijJA-sUtra meM hI sAdhaka yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki lAbha hai aura vaha sva-para kI hita sAdhanA meM upayogI hai to jIvana maiM mRtyu kI AkAMkSA se rahita hokara AtmaramaNa karuMgA (kAla akaMkhamANaM sarvatobhAvena saMrakSaNIya hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu bhI oghaniryakti meM kahate viharAmi) yadi samAdhimaraNa meM marane kI icchA hI pramukha hotI to usake haiM-sAdhaka kA deha hI nahIM rahA to saMyama kaise rahegA, ata: saMyama pratijJA-sUtra meM ina zabdoM ke rakhane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thii| kI sAdhanA ke lie deha kA paripAlana iSTa hai| lekina deha ke parigalana jaina vicArakoM ne to maraNAkAMkSA ko samAdhimaraNa kA doSa hI mAnA kI kriyA saMyama ke nimitta hai, ata: deha kA aisA paripAlana jisameM hai| ata: samAdhimaraNa ko AtmahatyA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaina vicArakoM saMyama hI samApta ho, kisa kAma kA! sAdhaka kA jIvana na to jIne
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________________ samAdhimaraNa (mRtyuvaraNa) eka tulanAtmaka tathA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke lie hai na maraNa ke lie hai| vaha to jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI siddhi ke lie hai| yadi jIvana se jJAnAdi AdhyAtmika guNa kI siddhi evaM zuddha vRddhi ho to jIvana kI rakSA karate hue vaisA karanA cAhie, kintu yadi jIvana se bhI jJAnAdi kI abhiSTa siddhi nahIM hotI ho to vaha maraNa bhI sAdhaka ke lie zirasA zlAghanIya hai"| samAdhimaraNa kA mUlyAMkana svecchAmaraNa ke sambandha meM pahalA prazna yaha hai ki kyA manuSya ko prANAnta karane kA naitika adhikAra hai? paM0 sukhalAla jI ne jaina dRSTi se ina prazna kA jo uttara diyA hai usakA saMkSipta rUpa yaha hai ki jaina dharma sAmAnya sthitiyoM meM cAhe vaha laukika ho yA dhArmika, prANAnta karane kA adhikAra nahIM detA hai lekina jaba deha aura AdhyAtmika sadguNa inameM se kisI eka kI pasandagI karane kA viSama samaya A gayA ho to deha kA tyAga karake bhI apanI vizuddha AdhyAtmika sthiti ko bacAyA jA sakatA hai, jaise satI strI dUsarA mArga na dekhakara deha nAza ke dvArA bhI apane satItva kI rakSA kara letI hai| 19 jaba taka deha aura saMyama donoM kI samAna bhAva se rakSA ho sake to taba taka donoM kI hI rakSA kartavya hai para jaba eka kI hI pasandagI karane kA savAla Aye to sAmAnya vyakti deha kI rakSA pasanda kareMge aura AdhyAtmika saMyama kI upekSA kareMge, jabaki samAdhimaraNa kA adhikArI isase ulTA kregaa| jIvana to donoM hI hai- daihika aura AdhyAtmika | AdhyAtmika jIvana jIne vAloM ke lie prANAnta yA anazana kI ijAjata haiM, pAmaroM, bhayabhItoM aura lAlaciyoM ke lie nahIM / bhayaMkara duSkara Adi taMgI meM deharakSA ke nimitta saMyama se patita hone kA avasara A jAye yA anivArya rUpa se maraNa lAne vAlI bImariyoM ke kAraNa khuda ko aura dUsaroM ko nirarthaka parezAnI hotI ho, phira saMyama aura sadguNa kI rakSA sambhava na ho taba mAtra samabhAva kI dRSTi se saMdhAre yA svecchAmaraNa kA vidhAna hai. isa prakAra jaina darzana mAtra sadguNoM kI rakSA ke nimitta prANAnta karane kI anumati detA hai, anya sthitiyoM meM nahIM yadi sadguNoM kI rakSA ke nimitta deha kA visarjana kiyA jAtA hai to vaha anaitika nahIM ho sktaa| naitikatA kI rakSA ke lie kiyA gayA deha visarjana anaitika kaise hogaa| jaina darzana ke isa dRSTikoNa kA samarthana gItA meM bhI upalabdha hai| gItA kahatI hai ki yadi jIvita rahakara (AdhyAtmika sadguNoM ke vinAza ke kAraNa) apakIrti kI sambhAvanA ho to usa jIvana se maraNa hI zreSTha hai| AdaraNIya kAkA kAlelakara likhate hai ki mRtyu zikArI ke samAna hamAre pIche par3e aura hama bacane ke lie bhAgate jAyeM, yaha dRzya manuSya ko zobhA nahIM detaa| jIvana kA prayojana samApta huA, aisA dekhate hI mRtyu ko AdaraNIya atithi samajha kara use AmantraNa denA, usakA svAgata karanA aura isa taraha se svecchA- svIkRta maraNa ke dvArA jIvana ko kRtArtha karanA, yaha eka sundara Adarza hai| AtmahatyA ko naitika dRSTi se ucita mAnate hue ve kahate haiM ki ise hama AtmahatyA 423 nahIM kaheM, nirAza hokara, kAyara hokara yA Dara ke mAre zarIra chor3a denA yaha eka kisma kI hAra hI hai| use hama jIvana-droha bhI kaha sakate hai| saba dharmoM ne AtmahatyA kI nindA kI hai lekina jaba manuSya socatA hai ki usake jIvana kA prayojana pUrNa huA, jyAdA jIne kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahI taba vaha Atma-sAdhanA ke antima rUpa ke taura para agara zarIra chor3a de to vaha usakA haka hai| maiM svayaM vyaktizaH isa adhikAra kA samarthana karatA hai|" samakAlIna vicArakoM meM AdaraNIya dharmAnanda kausambI aura mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhI manuSya ko prANAnta karane ke adhikAra kA samarthana naitika dRSTi se kiyA thaa| mahAtmAjI kA kathana hai ki jaba manuSya pApAcAra kA vega balavattara huA dekhatA hai aura AtmahatyA ke binA apane ko pApa se nahIM bacA sakatA taba hone vAle pApa se bacane ke lie use AtmahatyA karane kA adhikAra hai| 24 kausambIjI ne bhI apanI pustaka pArzvanAtha kA cArtuyAma dharma meM svecchAmaraNa kA samarthana kiyA thA aura usakI bhUmikA meM paM0 sukhalAla jI ne 'unhoMne apanI svecchA maraNa kI icchA ko bhI abhivyakta kiyA thA yaha uddhRta kiyA hai"| kAkA kAlelakara svecchAmaraNa ko mahattvapUrNa mAnate hue jaina paramparA ke samAna hI kahate haiM ki jaba taka yaha zarIra mukti kA sAdhana ho sakatA hai taba taka aparihArya hiMsA ko sahana karake bhI ise jilAnA cAhie / jaba hama yaha dekheM ki AtmA ke apane vikAsa ke prayatna meM zarIra bAdhA rUpa hI hotA hai taba hameM use chor3anA caahie| jo kisI hAlata meM jInA cAhatA hai usakI niSThA to spaSTa hai hI, lekina jo jIvana se uba kara athavA kevala marane ke lie maranA cAhatA hai, to usameM bhI vikRta zarIra-niSThA hai| jo maraNa se DaratA hai aura jo maraNa hI cAhatA hai, ve donoM jIvana kA rahasya nahIM jaante| vyApaka jIvana meM jInA aura maranA donoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai, unmeSa aura nimeSa donoM kriyAeM milakara hI dekhane kI eka kriyA pUrI hotI hai"| bhAratIya naitika cintana meM kevala jIvana jIne kI kalA para hI nahIM varan usameM jIvana kI kalA ke sAtha maraNa kI kalA para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| naitika cintana kI dRSTi se kisa prakAra jIvana jInA cAhie yahI mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai varan kisa prakAra maranA cAhie yaha bhI mUlyAvAna hai mRtyu kI kalA jIvana kI kalA se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai, Adarza mRtyu hI naitika jIvana kI kasauTI hai jIvana kA jInA to vidyArthI ke sUtrakAlIna adhyayana ke samAna hai, jabaki mRtyu parIkSA kA avasara hai| hama jIvana kI kamAI kA antima saudA mRtyu ke samaya karate haiN| yahA~ cuke to phira pachatAnA hotA hai aura isI apekSA se kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana kI kalA kI apekSA mRtyu kI kalA adhika mUlyavAna hai| bhAratIya naitika cintana ke anusAra mRtyu kA avasara aisA avasara hai, jaba hamameM se adhikAMza apane bhAvI jIvana kA cunAva karate haiN| gItA kA kathana hai ki mRtyu ke samaya jaisI bhAvanA hotI hai vaisI hI yoni jIva prApta karatA hai (18/5-6) jaina paramparA meM khandhaka muni kI kathA yahI batAtI hai ki jIvana bhara kaThora sAdhanA karanevAlA mahAn sAdhaka jisane ApanI preraNA evaM udbodhana se apane .
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________________ 424 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 sahacArI pA~ca sau sAdhaka ziSyoM ko upasthita mRtyu kI viSama paristhiti sahamata nahIM haiN| vastuta: svecchAmaraNa kI AvazyakatA usa vyakti meM samatva kI sAdhanA ke dvArA nirvANa kA amRtapAna karAyA vahI sAdhaka ke lie nahIM hai jo jIvanamukta hai aura jisakI dehAsakti samApta ho svayaM kI mRtyu ke avasara para krodha ke vazIbhUta ho kisa prakAra apane gaI hai, varan usa vyakti ke lie hai, jisameM dehAsakti rahI huI hai, sAdhanA-patha se vicalita ho gyaa| vaidika paramparA meM jar3abharata kA kathAnaka kyoki samAdhimaraNa to isI dehAsakti ko samApta karane ke lie hai| bhI yahI batAtA hai ki itane mahAna sAdhaka ko bhI maraNa belA meM hariNa para samAdhimaraNa eka sAdhana hai, isalie vaha jIvanamukta ke lie (siddha Asakti rakhane ke kAraNa pazu yoni ko prApta honA pdd'aa| uparokta kathAnaka ke lie) Avazyaka nahIM hai| jIvanamukta ko to samAdhimaraNa sahaja hamAre sAmane mRtyu kA mUlya upasthita kara dete haiN| mRtyu isa jIvana kI hI prApta hotA hai / usake lie isakI sAdhanA kA koI artha nahIM sAdhanA kA parIkSA kAla hai| vaha isa jIvana meM lakSopalabdhi kA antima raha jAtA hai| jahA~ taka unake isa AkSepa kA prazna hai ki samAdhiavasara aura bhAvI jIvana kI kAmanA kA Arambha bindu hai| isa prakAra maraNa meM yathArtha kI ApekSA ADambara hI adhika parilakSita hotA hai, vaha apane meM do jIvanoM kA mUlya saMjoe hue hai| maraNa jIvana kA usameM AMzika satyatA avazya ho sakatI hai lekina isakA sambandha avazyambhAvI aMga hai| usakI avahelanA nahIM kI jA sktii| vaha jIvana saMthAre yA samAdhimaraNa ke siddhAnta se nahIM, varan usake vartamAna meM kA upasaMhAra hai, jise sundara banAnA hamArA eka Avazyaka kartavya hai| pracalita vikRta rUpa se hai, lekina isa AdhAra para usake saiddhAntika isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki samprati yuga ke prabuddha vicAraka bhI mUlya meM koI kamI nahIM AtI hai| yadi vyAvahArika jIvana meM aneka samAdhimaraNa ko anaitika nahIM mAnate haiN| ata: jaina darzana para lagAyA vyakti asatya bolate haiM to kyA usase satya ke mUlya para koI A~ca jAne vAlA yaha AkSepa ki vaha jIvana ke mUlya ko asvIkAra karatA AtI hai? vastuta: svecchAmaraNa ke saiddhAntika mUlya ko asvIkAra nahIM hai, ucita nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vastutaH samAdhimaraNa para jo ApekSa kiyA jA sakatA hai| lagAye jAte haiM unakA sambandha samAdhimaraNa se na hokara AtmahatyA mRtyuvaraNa to mRtyu kI vaha kalA hai, jisameM na kevala jIvana se hai| kucha vicArakoM ne samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ke vAstavika hI sArthaka hotA hai varan maraNa bhI sArthaka ho jAtA hai| AdaraNIya antara ko nahIM samajhA aura isI AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa ko anaitika kAkA kAlelakara ne khalIla jibAna kI yaha vacana uddhRta kiyA hai kahane kA prayAsa kiyA, lekina jaisA ki hama pUrva meM siddha kara cuke ki "eka AdamI ne AtmarakSA ke hetu khudakazI kI, AtmahatyA kI, haiM, ki samAdhimaraNa yA mRtyuvaraNa AtmahatyA nahIM hai aura isalie yaha vacana sunane meM vicitra sA lagatA hai|"28 AtmahatyA se AtmarakSA use anaitika bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaina AcAryoM ne svayaM bhI kA kyA sambandha ho sakatA hai? vastuta: yahA~ AtmarakSA kA artha AtmahatyA ko anaitika mAnA hai, lekina unake anusAra AtmahatyA AdhyAtmika evaM naitika mUlyoM kA saMrakSaNa hai aura AtmahatyA kA matalaba samAdhimaraNa se bhinna hai| zarIra kA visrjn| jaba naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa DaoN0 Izvaracandra ne jIvanamukta vyakti ke svecchAmaraNa ko to ke lie zArIrika mUlyoM kA visarjana Avazyaka ho to usa sthiti AtmahatyA nahIM mAnA hai lekina unhoMne jaina paramparA meM kiye jAne vAle meM deha-visarjana yA svecchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa hI ucita hai| AdhyAtmika saMthAre ko AtmahatyA kI koTi meM rakha kara use anaitika bhI batAyA mUlyoM kI rakSA prANarakSA se zreSTha hai| gItA meM svayaM akIrtikara jIvana hai|27 isa sambandha meM unake tarka kA pahalA bhAga yaha hai ki svecchA- kI apekSA maraNa ko zreSTha mAna kara aisA hI saMketa diyA hai|29 kAkA maraNa kA vrata lene vAle sAmAnya jaina muni jIvanamukta evaM alaukika kAlelakara ke zabdoM meM jaba manuSya dekhatA hai ki viziSTa paristhiti zakti se yukta nahIM hote aura apUrNatA kI dazA meM liyA gayA AmaraNa meM yadi jInA hai to hIna sthiti aura hIna vicAra yA hIna siddhAnta vrata (saMthArA) naitika nahIM ho sktaa| apane tarka ke dUsare bhAga meM mAnya rakhanA jarUrI hI hai, taba zreSTha puruSa kahatA hai ki jIne se nahIM ve kahate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM svecchAmRtyuvaraNa (saMthArA) karane meM mara kara hI AtmarakSA hotI hai|30 yathArthatA kI apekSA ADambara adhika hotA hai isalie vaha anaitika vastuta: samAdhimaraNa kA yaha vrata hamAre AdhyAtmika evaM naitika bhI hai| jahA~ taka unake isa dRSTikoNa kA prazna hai ki jIvanamukta evaM mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie hI liyA jAtA hai aura isalie yaha pUrNata: alaukika zakti sampanna vyakti hI svecchAmaraNa kA adhikArI hai, hama naitika hai| 1. akAmamaraNaM ceva sakAmamaraNaM thaa| -uttarAdhyayana, saMpA0 madhukaramuni, dharmAya tanuvimocanamAhuH saMllekhanAmAryAH / / prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1984, 5/2 / -- ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, samantabhadra, prakA0 mANikacandra digambara bAlANaM akAmaM tu maraNaM asaI bhve| jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1926, adhyAya 5 / paMDiyANaM sakAmaM tu ukkoseNa saI bhve|| dekhiye--ataMkRtadazAMgasUtra ke arjunamAlI ke adhyAya meM sudarzana - vahI, 1984, 5/3 / seTha ke dvArA kiyA gayA sAgArI sNthaaraa| ahakAlammi saMpatte AghAyAya smussyN| dekhiye--aMtakRtadazAMgasUtra, saMpA0 madhukaramuni, prakA0 zrI Agama sakAmamaraNaM maraI niNhamannayaraM munnii|| - vahI, 5/32 // prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1981, varga 8 adhyaay1| 4. upasarge durbhikSe jarasi rujAyAM ca nissprtiikaare| pratikramaNa sUtra, saMllekhanA kA pATha, saMpA0 ratnAkara vijaya jI,
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________________ samAdhimaraNa (mRtyuvaraNa) eka tulanAtmaka tathA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prakA0 ajItanAtha jaina dharmakaraNa, udayapura, vi0saM0 2039 / 8. saMyuktanikAya, anu0 jagadIza kazyapa evaM dharmarakSita mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa, 1954, 21/2/4/5/ saMyuktanikAya, anu0 jagadIza kazyapa evaM dharmarakSita mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa, 1954, 34/2/4/4/ 10 atimAnAdatrikrodhAtsnehAdvA yadi vA bhayAt / udbadhnIyAtstrI pumAnvA gatireSA vidhIyate pUyazoNitasampUrNe andhe tamasi majjati / SaSTi varSasahasrANi narakaM pratipadyate / 11. mahAbhArata Adi parva 179/20 12. vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekhiye dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pR0 488 aparArka] 50 536 parAzarasmRti 4/1/2 - 13. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pR0 487 14. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa pR0 488 15. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 22 16. dekhiye (a) darzana aura cintana, paM0 sukhalAlajI, gujarAta, vidyA sabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1957, pR0 536 / (ba) nAbhinandeta maraNaM nAbhinandeta jIvitam manu uddhRta paramasakhA mRtyu, kAkA kAlelakara, sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI, 1979, pR0.24| (sa) bhavatRSNA (jIne kI tIvra icchA) aura vibhavatRSNA (marane kI tIvra icchA) buddha ne sAdhaka ko ina donoM se bacane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| (da) jIviyaM nAbhikaMkhejjA maraNaM nAvi patthae / 17. maraNapaDiyAra bhUvA esA evaM ca Na maraNAnimittA jaha gaMDache akiriA No AyavirAhaNArUpA / 18. 19. - odhaniyukti 47 20. zrIamarabhAratI jaina saMskRti kI sAdhanA, prakA0 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, mArca 1965 pR0 26 / tulanA kIjie-visuddhimagga 1 / 133 / 21. darzana aura cintana, paM0sukhalAla saMghavI, gujarAta vidyA sabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1957, khaNDa 2 pR0 533-34 / 22. saMbhAvitasya cAkIrtimaraNadatiricyate / gItA, gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi0saM0 2018, 2 / 34 / 23. paramasakhA mRtyu, kAkA kAlelakara, prakA0 sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI, 1979, pR0 31 24. vahI, kAkA kAlelakara, prakA0 sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI, 1979, pR0 26 / pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma bhUmikA paramasakhA mRtyu, kAkA kAlelakara, prakA0 sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI, 1979, pR0 19 / pAzcAtya AcAra vijJAna kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana pR0 273 / paramasakhA mRtyu, kAkA kAlelakara, prakA0 sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI, 1979, pR0 43 / gItA 2 / 34 / paramasakhA mRtyu, kAkA kAlelakara, prakA0 sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI 1979 pR0 43 / 25. 26. 425 -uddhRta darzana aura cintana, paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI, gujarAta vidhAnasabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1957, pR0 536 / zrI amara bhAratI mArca 1965 pR0 26 saMjamahe deho ghArijjai so kao u tdmaave| saMjama phAinimittaM deha paripAlaNA iTThA / / 27. 28. 29. 30. 3 .