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________________ ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra zrI . vidyullatAbena zahA, em. e., bI. eD. zrAvikAsaMsthAnagara, solApUra 2 jina jina mahAtmAoM ne Adarza zrAvaka banane kA saMkalpa kiyA, una sabhI jIvoM ne apane isa saMkalpa kI siddhi ke lie isa choTe se grantha kA abhyAsa kara usake pratyeka zabda kA bhAva AtmasAt kiyA / Adarza zrAvaka ke zuddha nirmala jIvana kA saccA pratibiMba hI yaha ' ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ' grantha hai / isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma hai ' upAsakAdhyayana ' / zrAvakaratnatraya dharma kA upAsaka hotA hai / use isa grantha kA abhyAsa Avazyaka hai / jinavANI jina dvAdaza aMgoM meM gUMthI gaI una bAraha aMgoM meM isa upAsakAdhyayana kA sthAna hai / vahI usakA ugamasthAna hai / caraNAnuyoga ke ati prAcIna grantha kI racanA bhAvI tIrthaMkara, paramaRddhidhArI syAdvAdakesarI, mahAdigambara sAdhu zrI samantabhadra AcArya ne sirpha DeDhasau zlokoM meM kI hai / isa grantha ke ujAle meM zrAvakoM kI AcArazuddhi khila uThatI hai, pariNAmoM kA sugaMdha cAroM ora mahaka uThatA hai aura sahaja gatyA munimArga prApta kara sakate haiM / sAdhya svarUpa munidharma kI prApti kA zrAvaka dharma pradhAna sAdhana hai / aura usIkA isa grantha meM ullekha hai / ' ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ' isa sAlaMkRta nAmahI meM isa grantha kA varNya viSaya samA gayA hai / samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, aura samyakcAritra ye hI tIna sacce alaMkAra jIvana ko sajAnevAle haiM / AcArya zrI ne inhIM tIna ratnoM ko eka karaNDe meM rakha dharohara ke rUpa meM bhAgyavantoM ke hAthoM sauMpa diyA hai / mahAtapasvI sAdhu kA diyA huA yaha prAsuka dAna prasanna antaHkaraNa se zrAvaka grahaNa kareM / varNya viSa ," ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra yaha eka sUtramaya grantha hai / " sadRSTijJAnavRttAni dharmaM dharmezvarA viduH isa sUtra meM zeSa DeDhasau zloka - puSpoM ko gUMthakara bhAvikoM kI icchAoM ko pulakita karanevAlA sundara hAra banAyA gayA hai / ' dharma ' isa do varNavAle zabda meM hI duHkhoM se chuDAkara samIcIna zAzvata sukhasthAna meM rakhanevAlA, karmakalaMka ko pUrNatayA haTAnevAlA yadi koI dharma hai to vaha samyagdarzana - jJAna - cAritrAtmaka AtmasvarUpa ratnatraya dharma hI hai / samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, aura samyakcaritra ye tIna bhinna bhinna haiM / AcArya zrIne ' dharmAn ' isa prakAra bahuvacanAnta prayoga na kara ' dharmam ' isa prakAra eka vacanAnta zabda kA prayoga kyoM kiyA ? 337 43
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________________ 338 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha sukhaprApti kA, mokSa kA mArga samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra kI ekatA meM hai; na ki bhinnatA meM / AcArya zrI umAsvAmi ne bhI apane tattvArthasUtra ke prAraMbha meM 'samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH' / isa sUtra meM 'mArgaH' ekavacana rakhakara jisa taraha donoM kI ekatA mokSamArga hai isa prakAra kiyA hai| usI taraha 'dharma' isa eka vacanAtmaka zabdaprayoga dvArA muktimArga eka hI hai aneka nahIM hai yaha sUcita kiyA hai| upara kahe gaye zloka ke pUrvArdha meM jisa taraha dharma kA sArabhUta svarUpa kahA gayA hai, usI taraha uttarArdha meM adharma kA svarUpa kahA gayA hai-'yadIya pratyanIkAni bhavanti bhavapaddhatiH' / dharmasvarUpa viruddha mithyAdarzana-jJAna-cAritra yaha saMsAracakra kI paraMparA ko baDhAnevAlA adharma hai| graMtha kA vistAra atyalpa hote hue bhI varNya viSaya ke bAre meM kahIM bhI saMdigdhatA nahIM hai| thoDe zabdoM meM jaTila praznoM kA nizcita nirNaya ho jAtA hai / jo bhI kucha kahA gayA hai, avyApti, ativyApti, asaMbhava ina doSoM se mukta hitakAraka satya hi kahA gayA hai| ataeva isa graMtha ko sUtrarUpa graMtha kahane meM koI bhI atizayokti nahIM hai / sUtra kA lakSaNa aisA hI hotA hai 'alpAkSaraM saMdigdhaM sAravadgRDhanirNayam / nirdoSa hetumattathyaM sUtramityucyate budhaiH // ' (jayadhavala ) isa graMtha meM upAsaka ke samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrarUpa ratnatraya dharma kA varNana abhipreta hai| sarvaprathama prathama adhikAra meM samyagdarzana, dvitIya adhikAra meM samyagjJAna kA aura zeSa adhyAyoM meM samyakcAritra kA (pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata kA) arthAta bAraha vratoM kA pratimAoM kA aura sallekhanA kA vivecana hai / yaha graMtha caraNAnuyoga kA hone se puruSArthapUrvaka AcAra kI pradhAnatA se likhA gayA hai / isalie ratnatraya kA vivecana yahA~ para dravyAnuyoga kI dRSTi se na hokara samyagdarzana ke utpatti ke nimittabhUta aura samyagdarzana ke sAtha sAtha rahanevAle bAhya AcAra kI dRSTi se hI samyagdarzana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / arthAta Azaya spaSTa hai kI vyavahAranaya kI pradhAnatA se hI graMtha kI racanA hai| phira bhI samIcIna vyavahAra kA yathArtha darzana karate hue 'zraddhAnaM paramArthAnAm ' (zlokAMka 4) 'rAgadveSanivRttyai ' i. (zloka 47) Adi padoM ke prayoga se nizcaya ke yathArthabhAva kA spaSTatayA ullekha barAbara yathAsthAna AyA hI hai isalie samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa nimna prakAra se kiyA hai| zraddhAnaM paramArthAnAmAptAgamatapobhRtAm / trimUDhApoDhamaSTAMGgaM samyagdarzanamasmayam // sacce Apta-deva, zAstra aura guruoM ke tIna mUDhatA tathA ATha prakAra ke garyo se rahita aura ATha aMgoM se sahita nirmala zraddhAna hI samyagdarzana hai| jJAna aura cAritra kA AdhAra samyagdarzana hone ke kAraNa isa lakSaNAtmaka zloka meM Aye hue hara eka zabda kA spaSTIkaraNa Age ke prathamAdhyAya ke zlokoM meM kiyA hai /
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________________ ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 339 Apta-saccA hitopadezaka, yaha madhura dhvani nikAlanevAle mRdaMga kI taraha nirapekSa vRttivAlA hotA hai| dIpastaMbha kI taraha vacana sanmArga ko dikhAnevAle hote haiN| unhIM ke vacanoM ko Agama yA zAstra kahA jAtA hai| aise Apta aura Agama ko banAnevAle sadguruhi hote haiN| unheM yahAM tapobhRt kahA hai / ve paMceMdriyoM ke viSayoM se parAGmukha hokara dhyAna aura tapameM lIna hote hue apanA jIvana vyatIta karate haiM / samyagdarzana rUpa dharma kI dhAraNA tabhI hotI hai jaba ki aise Apta. Agama aura garuoM para nirmala zraddhA utpanna ho jAtI hai / zraddhA ke ye sthAna Adarza svarUpa huA karate haiM / usI Adarza meM apane ananta gaNAtmaka AtmasvarUpako pratibimba dikhAI detA hai / ataeva unake viSaya meM anyathA zraddhA nahIM rakhanI caahie| unakI vAstavikatA ko pahacAna kara tadanukUla zraddhA rakhanI caahie| zraddhA meM apane mohabhAva aura pramAda ke kAraNa koI doSa nahIM lagane denA caahie| isalie niHzaMkita, niSkAMkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUDhadRSTi, upagRhana, sthitikaraNa, vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA ina aMgoM kA pUrNatayA pAlana karanA caahie| usameM kahIM bhI nyUnatA raha jAvegI to nyUna akSaravAle maMtra kI taraha darzana iSTa phaladAyaka nahIM hotaa| garva-ahaMkAra ATha viSayoM ke AdhAra se utpanna hotA hai aura vaha samyagdarzana ko naSTa kara detA hai| ataH jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, tapa, Rddhi, zakti aura zarIrasauSThava inake AdhAra se apane ko baDA mAnakara dUsaroM ko tuccha na samajhe / dhArmika vyakti hI dharma kA AdhAra huA karatA hai| kahA bhI hai ki 'na dharmo dhArmikairvinA' dhArmika vyakti ko choDa dharma nAma kI koI alaga se svataMtra vastu nahIM hai / isIlie vaha samyagdRSTi dharmAtmA anya sAdharmI kA apamAna nahIM krtaa| ina ATha prakAra ke abhimAnoM kA tyAga kyoM honA cAhie isakA varNana nimna zloka meM kiyA hai| yadi pApa nirodho'nya sampadA kiM prayojanam / atha pApAsravo'styanyatsampadA kiM prayojanam // pApa karma ke Azrava ko rokanevAlI vItarAgatA aura vijJAnatA kI saMpatti hone para aihika saMpatti se lAbha hI kyA hai ? aura agara pApa karma ke Azrava kA hI kAraNa hai to bhI usa aihika saMpatti se lAbha kyA ? isa taraha ina aihika dhanAdika kA abhimAna vRthA hi hai| isalie samyagdRSTi dharmAtmA inako hara prayatna se choDe hue haiN| ___ samyagdRSTi kI alaukika mahimA kA varNana karate samaya ihaloka tathA paraloka meM kisa taraha kI sukha saMpadA usake caraNoM para jhukatI hai isakA pramANabhUta varNana isa adhyAya kA samAropa karate hue kiyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagdRSTi kI mahattA samyagdarzana AtmA kA guNa hai| vaha usakI svAbhAvika avasthA hai aura vaha cAroM hI gatiyoM meM deva, manuSya, tiryaMca aura naraka paryAya meM pragaTa ho sakatI hai| atyaMta hIna-pApI mAnA jAnevAlA cAMDAla
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________________ 340 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha jIva bhI usa ratna ko pA sakatA hai aura usake prabhAva se vaha bhasmAcchAdita agni kI taraha bhItara se tejaHpuMja hI rahatA hai| samyagdarzana svayaM eka maMtra svarUpa hai| usake prabhAva se kuttA jaisA kSudra jIva bhI zreSTha deva bana jAtA hai| aura adharma ke kAraNa deva bhI kutte kI paryAya dhAraNa karane ko bAdhya ho jAtA hai| yahI bAta ' zvA'pi devo'pi devaH zkhA jAyate dharmakilbiSAt ' isa zloka meM kahIM gaI hai| mokSamArga samyagdarzana kI mahimA batAne ke liye kucha dRSTAnta diye gaye haiM jinase usakI pramukhatA siddha ho jAtI hai| __'darzanaM karNadhAraM tanmokSamArge pracakSyate' naukA hone para bhI nAvika-karNadhAra na ho to samudrapAra honA asaMbhava hotA hai / ThIka isI taraha samudra se pAra hone ke lie samyagdarzana hI karNadhAra hai| 'bIjA bhAve taroriva' bIja ke abhAva meM vanaspatI kI utpatti nahIM hotI, usI taraha samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM samyagjJAnAdi vRkSa kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI? samyagdarzana ko ghAtane vAle moha kI granthI antaraMga se agara dUra nahIM huI to bAhyataH parameSThI kI paMktI para ArUDha sAdhu kA kucha bhI mahatva nahIM rahatA hai usakI apekSA samyagdRSTi gRhastha, jisake pariNAmoM meM darzana moha kI bhAva granthI nahIM hai, zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| samyagdarzana ke prabhAva se jIva naraka, tiryaca, napuMsaka, strI, duSkulajanma Adi avasthA nahIM prApta krtaa| mithyAdRSTi jIva bhI sajjAtitva, sadgRhasthatva aura pAribhAjakatA prApta kara sakatA hai, paraMtu vaha sureMdratva cakravartitva, tIrthaMkaratva padoM ko nahIM pA sakatA / ina padoM ko samyagdRSTi hI prApta kara sakatA hai| isa taraha pahale adhyAya meM dharma ke pradhAna aMgabhUta samyagdarzana kA varNana sAMgopAMga rUpa se kiyA gayA hai / jJAnAdhikAra jIva mAtra kA sAmAnya tathA nirdoSa lakSaNa caitanya hai| jJAna tathA darzana ye donoM caitanya hI kI viziSTa avasthA meM haiN| jJAna hI usakA mUlabhUta svabhAva hai| jaba vaha jJAna vastutatva ko saMzayAdi doSoM se rahita yathAvat jAnatA hai taba vahI samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai / yadyapi jJAna kI ubhaya dazA meM jJAnatva hai, lekina samyagdarzana ke sAtha jo jJAna hotA hai vahI jJAna dharma ( mokSamArgabhUta ) hotA hai| 'samyagjJAna' isa zabda se kahI jAnevAlI bastu bhAvazruta hai / jaba yaha bhAvazruta zabda ke mAdhyama se pragaTa hotA hai taba use dravyazruta yA 'Agama' kahate haiM / pariNAmataH Agama bhI upacAra se samyagjJAna kahA jAtA hai| Agama ke aMgabhUta cAroM anuyogoM meM samyagjJAna dIpaka kA prakAza pAyA jAtA hai / sArAMza jo jJAna vastu ke svarUpa ko nyUnAdhikatA se rahita, vAstavika rUpa ko pragaTa karatA hai vahI samyagjJAna hai| usameM saMzaya ke lie raMcamAtra bhI avakAza nahIM hai / vaha Agama cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta hai|
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________________ ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 341 prathamAnuyoga tIrthakarAdi puNya puruSoM ke pavitra caritroM kA aura puruSArthoM kA kathana karanevAle purANasvarUpa sabhI granthoM ko prathamAnuyoga kahate haiM / ye grantha bodhi aura samAdhi kI prApti ke lie udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mArgadarzaka hote haiN| karaNAnuyoga lokAloka kA vibhAga, yugaparivartana, caturgati kA svarUpa i. viSayoM ko isameM kahI gaI hai / inheM jAnakara jIva kumArga se vimukha bana sanmArga kI ora jhukatA hai| caraNAnuyoga gRhastha aura sAdhuoM ke AcAra mArga, usakI utpatti, buddhi aura surakSA Adi ke samyakupAya Adi kA nirdoSa varNana isameM kiyA gayA hai| dravyAnuyoga zrutajJAna maMdira meM saMpUrNa carAcara vastusvarUpa para prakAza phailAnevAlA yaha dIpastaMbha hai| jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa tathA puNyapApa inase saMbaMdhita jIva tattva kA vAstavika svarUpa isameM dikhAyA gayA hai| isa taraha kevala samyagjJAna kA pAMca zlokoM ke dvArA isa adhyAya meM bIjarUpa se varNana yathAvat kiyA hai / vizvavyApI bhAvazruta aura dravyazruta isameM sunihita hai| cAritrAdhikAra rAgadveSa se pUrNatayA nivRtta honA yaha cAritra kA uddeza hai| cAritra vaha vizuddhatA hai jahAM AtmA kI AtmA meM pravRtti hotI hai / yaha cAritra kA sarvocca biMdu hai / kramazaH yaha pravRtti sAdhya hotI hai| jina jina AcAroM se cAritra ke usa dhyeya biMdu ke samIpa pahuMca hotI hai usa AcAra kA agale tIna adhyAyoM meM varNana hai| prathamataH cAritra kA svarUpa aura varNana kiyA hai| moha kA abhAva hone para aura patthara kI lakIra kI taraha cirakAla sthiti rakhanevAle anaMtAnubaMdhI usake sakala tathA vikala cAritrarUpa bhedoM kA nirdeza kara ke kaSAyoM kA udaya bhAva hone para gyAraha pratimA aura sallekhanA inakA vistAra se samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna kA lAbha hotA hai / aura rAgadveSa kI tIvratA ghaTatI jAtI hai| rekhAtulya kaSAyoM ke abhAva meM (viziSTa ) rAgadveSa kI nivRtti hotI hai / hiMsAdika pAMca pApa pravRttiyAM naSTa hone lagatI haiN| yahI vyavahAra cAritra hai| yaha cAritra svAmI bheda kI apekSA se do taraha kA hai| sakala cAritra mahAvratIyoM ko hotA hai jo sarva prakAra se paMca pApoM ke tyAgI hote haiM / vikala cAritra samyagdRSTi gRhasthoM ko hote haiM jo pAMca sthUla pApoM ko choDate haiN| isa adhyAya meM pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata isa taraha bAraha vratoM kA tathA hara eka meM laganevAle pAMca pAMca aticAra doSoM kA svarUpa samajhAyA gayA hai| gRhastha jIvana kA
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________________ 342 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha AcAra karate samaya apanI vrataniSThA sthira rahe, usameM kisI taraha kI zithilatA na Ave yaha udAtta hetu rakkhA gayA hai| vyavasAya karate samaya jisa taraha pAI pAI ke hAnI lAbha kA khayAla rakkhA jAtA hai, ThIka usI taraha vyavahAra AcAra karate samaya usameM choTe moTe doSa na laga jAve yahI aticAra tyAga kA hetu hai| yadi pramAda vaza koI doSa laga bhI gayA to pratikramaNAdi dvArA miTAne kA upAya bhI kahA hai / ___ anyatra madya, mAMsa, madhu aura paMca uduMbara phaloM kA tyAga karane se aSTa mUla guNa dhArI zrAvaka kahA gayA hai / isa graMtha meM mUla guNadhArI zrAvaka banane ke lie 'madyamAMsamadhutyAgaiH sahANuvratapaJcakam ' pAMca aNuvrata pAlana ke sAtha madya, mAMsa, madhukA tyAga Avazyaka kahA hai| donoM prakAra kI varNana zailIkA mUlabhUta uddeza hiMsAdi paMca pApoM se alipta rahane hI kA hai / isI taraha zikSAvratoM meM atithi saMvibhAga vrata ke sthAna para vaiyyAvRtya kA ullekha kiyA hai / prAthamika zrAvakoM meM arhadbhakti nirmANa ho, vratoM ke paripAlana kI ruci baDhe etadartha arhadbhakti ke phalakA tathA ATha aMga, pAMca vrata tathA pAMca pApoMmeM prasiddha prathamAnuyogoMke sameta caritra nAthakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / saMsAra kI koI bhI avasthA duHkhamukta nahIM hai| usase chuTakArA pAneke lie rAgadveSa kA tyAga karanA paDatA hai / rAgadveSa kA tyAga karanA yahI to vratika avasthA hai| ataeva tIsare adhyAya meM vratoM kA varNana kiyA hai / maraNa samaya meM honevAlA duHkha sabase baDA duHkha hai| usa samaya rAgadveSa se alaga rahakara vratAdikoM meM pariNAma sthira rakhanA atyaMta kaThina ho jAtA hai| zArIrika mamatva kA anAdi saMskAra bhedavijJAna pUrvaka vrata pAlanA kAraNa dUra ho jAtA hai / maraNa samaya ke lezyA para agale janma kI avasthA avalaMbita hai / ataeva caturya pariccheda meM AcAryazrI ne sallekhanA kA varNana kiyA hai| sallekhanA kA artha hai kaSAyatyAga ke sAtha sAtha zarIra vidhipUrvaka chuTe / yadi kaSAyoM kA, rAgadveSAdikoM kA tyAga na huA to use durmaraNahI kahA hai / vaha sallekhanA svIkArane kA yogya kAla, usakI tyAgakA krama tathA usakA phala ina viSayoM kA varNana vizeSatAse lie hue hai| ___jIvita avasthA kA yaha antima sAra hone se usameM koI sUkSmasA doSa bhI na raha jAve, ataH sallekhanA ke aticAroM ko bhI dikhAyA hai| sallekhanA kA phala mokSaprApti hai ataH akhaMDa avinAzI sukhasvarUpa mokSa kA bhI varNana kiyA hai / dharma kA aura sallekhanA kA AnuSaGgika phala svargaprApti hai| aMtake pAMcave adhyAyameM zrAvaka ke gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana batAyA hai| saMyama meM kramaza: vRddhi baratI jAtI hai / aise saMyamI zrAvaka ko celopasRSTa muni kI zreNI prApta ho jAtI hai / zrAvaka kA aMtima sthAna gyArahavIM pratimA-uddiSTa tyAga hai / unakA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki__ gRhato munivanamitvA gurUpakaNThe vratAni parigRhya / bhaikSyAzanastapasyan utkRSTazcalakhaNDadharaH // isI taraha nivRtti mArgapara ArohaNa karate samaya samyagdRSTi zrAvaka kI jJAtA svarUpa aMtaraMga bhUmikA batAI
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________________ ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 343 hai| aisI vyavasthA meM vaha pApAcaraNa hI ko apanA zatru mAnatA hai| ratnatrayarUpa AtmapariNati hI saccA bandhu hai| zrAvakoM ke lie ( upAsakoM ke lie ) AcAra viSayaka granthoM meM sarvaprathama prAcIna grantha ke rUpa meM ratnakaraNDa kI niHsaMzaya U~cI hai aura pramANabhUta hai| upasaMhAra-AcAryazrI samaMtabhadra ne jisa kAlakhaNDa meM yaha grantha likhA vaha dArzanikoM ke vivAda kA kAla thA ( bhinna bhinna dArzanika apane apane matakA samarthana baDe jora se kara rahe the| aise bikaTa samaya meM sarvasAdhAraNa jIva bhI dharma kA saccA svarUpa jAne, dhArmika samAja kA vighaTana na ho yh)| vidvajjana apane kathana kA samarthana inhIM zlokoM ko mUlabhUta AdhAra mAnakara karate Aye haiN| isapara zrI AcArya prabhAcandra ne saMskRta TIkA likhI hai, paM. sadAsukhajI ne hiMdI bhASA meM vistRta TIkA likhakara sAmAnya janatA meM use prasArita kiyA hai, isI hiMdI TIkA kA bra. zrI jIvarAjajI gautamacaMda dozI ne anuvAda kara marAThI anuvAda karake Ama janatA ko svAdhyAya kA suvarNa kSaNa upalabdha kara diyA hai / usa hI kA svAdhyAya karake yaha laghukAya prabandha likhA hai / prabandha paDhakara sAmAnya janatA mUla grantha ke svAdhyAya kI ora aura pravRtta ho aisI AzA hai / ityalam /