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________________ ratnAkara zataka -AntaraprAntIya yogadAna kI rASTrIya nidhi samIkSaka : DaoN ramezacandra mizra solahavIM zatI ke kannar3a kavi ratnAkara varNI kRta 'ratnAkarAdhIzvara' athavA 'ratnAkara zataka' kA adhyayana to dUra, paricaya prApta karanA mujha jaise hindI bhASI prAdhyApaka ke lie dustara hI thA, yadi AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI jaise saMskRti-bhASA-viSayaka samanvayI cetanA vAle vidvAn manISI isa racanA kA sampAdana aura usakI vyAkhyA prastuta na krte| vAstava meM bhAratIya bhASAoM ke graMtha ratnoM ko hindI bhASI apAra janasamAja taka lAnA rASTrIya mahattva kA kArya hai| aisA karane se do mahat siddha hote haiM- 1. sAhityika-sAMskRtika-dArzanika virAsata ko agrasArita karane kA, aura 2. bhASA-kSamatA ke AdhAra para rASTrIya ekatA ko suguMphita karate hue janamAnasa ko saMskArita karate jAne kaa| sabhI prakAra kI samanvita cetanA ko prabuddha karane meM bhASA kA pramukha hAtha rahatA hai / bhArata ke sandarbha meM hindI yA hindustAnI bhASA zatAbdiyoM se rASTrIya ekatA kI pratIka rahI hai| kyoMki hindI bhASA-kSetra zatAbdiyoM se rAjanaitika, dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika dRSTi se aneka vaicArika dabAvoM ko sahana karatA AyA hai| isI vistRta bhUbhAga meM maurya, zuMga, gupta. mugala, paThAna Adi sAmrAjyoM kA utthAna-patana huA hai; AkramaNa, yuddha jhele haiN| prasiddha hindU, bauddha, jaina, sikkha, islAma, IsAI tIrtha-sthala isI pradeza meM haiN| ata: yaha kSetra dIrghakAla se janacetanA ko AkarSita karane kA cumbakIya kArya karatA rahA hai| pariNAmataH isa kSetra meM saMkIrNa prAntIyatA nahIM panapa sakI hai| isa kSetra kI janabhASA hone ke kAraNa hI hindI meM adbhuta samanvayakArI kSamatA antarnihita hai / sAtha hI, AdhyAtmika cetanA ke vikAsa meM bhI isa kSetra kA mahattvapUrNa yoga rahA hai| kAla krama meM yaha cetanA pahale saMskRta, punaH prAkRta aura apabhraza meM abhivyakta hotI huI hindI aura usakI upabhASAoM meM AI hai| janamAnasa taka pahuMcane meM bhASA hI sabase bar3A mAdhyama hai| yaha bhASA sthAnIya boliyoM se jIvanI-zakti letI huI upabhASA, prAntIya bhASA ke sopAnoM para agrasara hokara sArvadezika bhASA ke rUpa meM svIkRti pAtI hai| ata: mAtRbhASA, pradeza bhASA aura dezabhASA yaha eka sthitijanya krama hai| yaha krama sarvajanonmukhI hokara kAla krama meM Age bar3hatA hai / janonmukhI hone kA yaha krama saMskRta se prAkRta meM, prAkRta se apabhraza meM Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| eka vidvAn kA abhimata hai ki bhArata aisA sAMskRtika deza hai, jisakI jar3a adhyAtma hai / yaha adhyAtma hamArI saMskRti ke usa vRkSa kI bhAMti hai jo samUce rASTra ko apanI mUlavattA evaM saghana chAyA meM pariveSThita kie hue hai| vRkSa ke aMga-pratyaMga kI vibhinnatA ke bAvajUda rASTrIya akhaMDatA evaM usakI samanvita sattA kA sArA dAyitva saMskRti kI pIThikA para nirbhara hai| saMskRti ke isa gurutara dAyitva ko kSetrIya-prAntIya bhASAoM ke sahayoga se hindI hI nibhA sakatI hai, koI videzI bhASA nhiiN| vAstava meM hiMdI meM cintana-vyavahAra ke jIvanta tattva yugoM se saMvAhita hote rahe haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza ke ye sopAna manISI RSi, jaina, bauddha cintana ko Adhunika yuga taka kisa prakAra utkarSa pradAna karate rahe haiN| madhya deza kI zaurasainI apabhraza to AThavIM se terahavIM zatI taka uttara bhArata kI sAhityika aura sAMskRtika vinimaya kI bhASA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahI hai / saMskRta vidvAn bhI janasamudAya taka pahuMcane ke lie ise Avazyaka mAnate Aye haiN| mAgadhI, mahArASTrI apabhraza bhI usI vikAsa krama meM AtI haiN| hindI usI vikAsa krama ke uttarAdhikAra se puSTa hai| AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI ne bhASA vikAsa krama evaM usakI amogha kSamatA ko bhalI prakAra samajhA hai aura anubhava kiyA hai ki Aja ke yuga meM adhyAtma cintana kA jJAna aura usakA sAra janasulabha banAne ke lie hindI ko mAdhyama rUpa meM apanAnA apekSita hI nahIM aparihArya hai| muni paramparA ke dharmadhvaja AcArya zrI dezabhUSaNa jI anAsakta hote hue bhI lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA se prerita haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki Aja lokaruci bhogAkAMkSI evaM dravyadAsI banI huI hai| aisI mAnasikatA ke dabAva meM vyakti kaise zAzvata zAnti, amara jIvana aura AnandabhAva kI prApti yA paricaya prApta kara sakatA hai| aisI mAnasikatA ko zama-vANI, yama-vANI jaisI lagatI hai| kintu AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI ne aise sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa meM bhI apane amRtamaya saMkalpa ko na chor3akara jIvana ke pavitra pakSa-yoga, brahmacarya, tapa, svAdhyAya, nirvairatA, tyAga evaM digambara cetanA ko dhAraNa karake, ahiMsA ke prakAza ko mana, vANI aura karma se phailAte hue samasta bhArata meM paidala bihAra karate hue jIvana34 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha .
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________________ yApana kI mahatI sAdhanA kA anabarata-anathaka vrata sandhAna kiyA hai, kara rahe haiN| Apake jIvana-saMkalpoM meM eka yaha bhI hai ki bhArata kI adhyAtma cetanA lokamaMgalakArI hai, jisakA pracAra-prasAra Aja janahita meM paramAvazyaka hai| anantakAla se manISI racanAkAroM ne jo amRtavANI pradAna kI hai, vaha Aja kI vedanAmayI karuNa paristhiti meM kliSTa aura duSTabuddhi kA pariSkAra karane meM, saMvedanA-buddhi jAgRta karane meM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai| isa mahat kArya sampAdana meM kisI bhASA vizeSa kA Agraha na hone para bhI, saMskRta-prAkRta-apabhraza ke srotoM se jur3atI huI, aneka RSi-manISI racanAkAroM ke samAna hI jaina racanAkAroM ne kanar3I, tamila, marAThI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, braja Adi meM apanI cetanA kI nirmala gaMgA pravAhita kI hai / isa vikalpa ko-ki loka bhASAoM yA kSetrIya bhASAoM meM ucca sAhitya-sRjana kI kSamatA kSINa hai, AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI kA niSkarSa hai ki zatAbdiyoM se jainAcAryoM ne gambhIra viSayoM para lokabhASAoM aura prAntIya bhASAoM meM maulika aura uccakoTi kA sAhitya sRjana kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie kannar3a bhASA ke to adhikAMza kavi prAyaH jaina vicAradhArA ke hI anuyAyI rahe haiN| ponnA, ranna, ratnAkara, anna, pampa, nayasena, nAgacandra, aggala, sAlva Adi racanAkAroM ne kannar3a sAhitya kI zrI vRddhi kI hai| tapasvI jIvana ke anetA AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI muni paramparA ke saMvAhaka hone ke sAtha hI manISI cintaka evaM pratiSThita sAhityakAra bhI haiM / ApakA saMskRta, prAkRta, kanar3I, marAThI aura hindI bhASA para adhikAra hai| apane jIvana ke adhikAMza samaya ko Apa zAstraracanA meM lagAte rahe haiN| Apake dvArA racita, anUdita, sampAdita lagabhaga 70 grantha haiN| inameM pramukha haiM -bhUvalaya, bhAvanAsAra, zAstrasAra samuccaya, ratnAkara zataka (prathama-dvitIya bhAga), nirvANa lakSmIpati stuti, caudaha guNasthAna carcA, dharmAmRtasAra (prabhAcandrAcAryakRta, yaha racanA hindI aura marAThI donoM bhASAoM meM upalabdha hai), dhyAna sUtrANi, aparAjitezvara zataka (prathama-dvitIya bhAga), zreSTha zalAkApuruSa, upadezasAra saMgraha (1-6 bhAga taka) niraMjana stuti, guru ziSya praznottarI, guru ziSya saMvAda, NamokAra mantra kalpa, tattvadarzana, stotrasAra saMgraha, bharateza vaibhava bhAga 1, (khaNDa 1-2-3) bhAga 2, daza lakSaNa dharma, Atmarasa maMjarI, bhakti stotra saMgraha (bhAga 1-2), pravacanasAra (kanar3I aura marAThI anuvAda), samayasAra pravacana (adhyAya pAMca taka marAThI meM), bharateza vaibhava (gujarAtI meM), dharmAmRta (nayasenAcArya kRta, 1-2) jaya bhagavad gItA, trikAladarzI mahApuruSa, bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakA samaya, bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mAnavatA kA vikAsa, tAtvika vicAra, jainadharma kA marma ahiMsA, yogAmRta / vAstava meM AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI ne apanA jIvana dharma-darzana evaM sAhitya-saMskRti ko saharSa samarpita kiyA huA hai| aura isa artha meM ApakA sAhityika-aitihAsika yogadAna bhI ullekhanIya hai / Apa prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya ke gambhIra adhyetA rahe haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya ke cintana tattvoM ko, bahumUlya niSkarSoM ko jana-jana taka pahuMcAnA Apane apane jIvana kA dhyeya banAyA hai| saca to yaha hai ki bhaviSyadraSTA anAsakta karmayogI ne rASTra kI amRtamayI ekAnvita cetanA ko agrasArita karate hue dakSiNa aura uttara ke rAgAtmaka sambandhoM ko vikasita karane ke lie hI vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM--saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza, tAmila, kannar3a, baMgalA aura gujarAtI Adi kI bhaktimayI cetanA ko rASTrabhASA hindI meM prastuta karane kA mahanIya kArya sampAdita kiyA hai| ApakI satata sAhitya-sAdhanA ke kAraNa hI aneka manISI racanAkAroM kI ajJAta, alpajJAta evaM mahattvapUrNa racanAeM hindI meM prakAzita ho sakI haiN| Apa una yugapramukha sAhityaseviyoM meM haiM, jinhoMne dharma rakSA evaM dharma sAhitya ke abhyudaya ko saMskRti kI dhurI mAnA hai| isalie apane tana-na se jIvana meM vihAra karate hue adhyAtma cetanA kA sAra evaM rASTrIya cetanA ko sambala pradAna kiyA hai / aura aisA karane ke lie Apane bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM kI bahuzaH pada yAtrA to kI hI hai aneka prAntIya bhASAoM ko samajhA-par3hA aura dakSatA prApta karake pradezoM kI sarasvatI-saritAoM ko eka-dUsare se jor3ate hue hindI ke mAdhyama se AdAna-pradAna rUpa pula banAyA hai, vicchinna kaviyoM ko jor3A hai| aisA karate hue ApakI vANI kI amogha zakti eka ora to jJAna-viveka evaM zAntiAnanda kA akhaNDa dvAra anAvRta karatI hai, to dUsarI ora bhAratIya cintana paddhati kI sArvabhauma kSamatA va saMskRti ke amRtasara meM sAtvika cetanA ko nimajjita karAne meM samartha hai| Apa vigata 55-60 varSoM se nirantara nirgrantha bhagIratha bane rahakara dakSiNa kI gaMgA ko uttara meM lAte rahe haiN| __ AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI ne ratnAkara varNI kavi kRta 'ratnAkara zataka' kA sampAdana evaM vyAkhyA Adi kI hai jo anuvAda kalA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa prastuti hai| anuvAda kArya meM jahAM anuvAdaka athavA TIkAkAra kA mukhya lakSya rahatA hai ki mUla meM nihita saundarya-artha kI cetanA na kevala dhvasta na ho, apitu, usakI AtmA bakhUbI abhivyakta ho, prabhaviSNu banakara rUpAyita ho| isake lie anuvAdaka ko, vyAkhyAkAra ko nirantara sAvadhAna hokara kendronmukha bane rahanA par3atA hai / yaha kArya vaha tabhI kara sakatA hai, jaba vaha anuvAda-kalA-vyAkhyA sAmarthya se sampanna ho aura mUlakRti kA rasAsvAdana karake AtmasAt kara ske| mUlabhASA meM praveza kI dakSatA isa kArya meM usako nirantara sahayoga detI hai| aisA hone para hI usakI vAhikA bhASA mUlakRti kI bhAMti hI citta ramAne meM sakSama ho pAtI hai| isa dRSTi se jaba hama AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI kI bhASA-kSamatA evaM viSayAdhikAra ko dekhate haiM to par3hate hI anubhava hone lagatA hai ki unheM mUla arthAt kannar3a evaM TIkA-vyAkhyA kI bhASA arthAt hindI donoM kI prakRti aura unake bolane vAloM ke muhAvare se pUrNa paricaya hai| eka unakI mAtRbhASA hai to dUsarI unakI vicArAbhivyakti kI bhASA vigata lagabhaga pacAsa varSoM se rahI hai / yahAM yaha bAta bhI ullekhanIya hai ki jaba chandobaddha racanA kI TIkA yA vyAkhyA karanI hotI hai aura sRjana-saMkalpa 35
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________________ vaha bhI dArzanika pakSa pradhAna racanA kI, taba anuvAda yA TIkA karane ke niyamoM ko adhika vyApaka banAnA par3atA hai| taba uddezya rahatA hai ki mUla kI gaharAI meM jAkara usakI arthavattA ko bhASA vizeSa ke pAThaka taka sampreSita krnaa| aura yaha kArya AcArya zrI ne ratnAkara zataka kI vyAkhyA meM dAyitvapUrvaka nirvAhita kiyA hai| samIkSya pustaka 'ratnAkara zataka' kI TIkA - vyAkhyA aura sampAdana para vicAra karane se pahale mUla racanA ke graMthakAra ke bAre meM paricaya prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| kavi ne apane bAre meM bahuta kama kahA hai / antaH sAkSya se kucha saMketa milate haiN| apane triloka zataka meM 'maNizelaMga fas, duzAlI' zataka kA ullekha hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne zatakatraya kI racanA zAlivAhana zaka 1479 (san 1557) meM kI thI / ratnAkara varNI kannar3a bhASA ke mUrdhanya sAhityakAroM meM se haiN| ApakA janma karNATakIya bhUbhAga meM tuludeza ke mUDavidrI meM kisI sUryavaMzI rAjA devarAja ke ghara 16 vIM zatI ke madhya huA thaa| Apane apane guru 'devendrakIrti' kA ullekha ratnAkara zataka ke 108 veM zloka meM kiyA hai-- 'zrImaddevendrakoti yogezvara pAdAMbhojabhU' gAyamAna zrRMgAra kavi rAjahaMsa viracitaranAkara sapAda samAptam / kahIM-kahIM inake guru kA ullekha mahendrakIrti bhI milatA hai| AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI ne tarkayukta pramANa dekara batAyA hai ki devacandrakRta 'rAjA bali kI kathA' ke anusAra devendra kIrti aura mahendra kIrti donoM nAma eka hI vyakti ke haiM / inake anya nAmoM kA ullekha hai - aNNa, varNI, siddha Adi / ratnAkara varNI apane viSaya ke pAragAmI vidvAn the / Apane apanI kizora vaya meM hI gommaTasAra kI kezavavarNI TIkA, kundakundAcArya ke adhyAtmika grantha, amRtacandra sUri kRta samayasAra nATaka, padmanandi kRta svarUpa sambodhana, iSTopadeza Adi granthoM kA adhyayana-manana kara liyA thA / vAstava meM AcArya aura muni paramparA kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki inhoMne adhyAtma aura siddhAnta ko jIvana kI vyAvahArikatA meM sAkAra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isakA pratyakSa pariNAma yaha huA hai ki inakI abhivyakti se, AdhyAtmika cetanA se janamAnasa kI ruci susaMskRta hotI rahI hai / zRMgAra ke azlIla pakSa ko kaha sunAkara haThAt unameM adhyAtma cetanA kA artha bharakara kavi-kalAkAra kI haisiyata se sAmAjika kI mAnasikatA ko vikRti se nahIM bharA hai| isalie inakI racanA kA lakSya uddezyapUrNa aura sAMsArika AcaraNa kI koI-na-koI gahana samasyA hI rahA hai| ina tattva manISiyoM kI dRSTi satya kI carama khoja karanA hai| jaina tattva jJAna kI eka vizeSatA aura bhI rahI hai ki usameM varNita satya sAkSAtkAra kI dArzanika dRSTi meM anekAnta athavA syAdvAdIya pakSa bhI pramukha rahA hai, jo jIvana kI vyAvahArikatA ko poSita karatA hai| jaina adhyAtma meM AtmA kI ananta zakti, ananta jJAna aura ananta sukha kI svIkRti hai / phalasvarUpa jainAcArya kavi zuSka adhyAtma ke poSaka nahIM haiN| isalie jaina racanAkAroM meM kevala vairAmyadhAraka muni AcArya hI nahIM haiM, gRhastha vidvAn aura bhaTTAraka bhI haiN| ye racanAkAra vyavasAyI racanAkAra nahIM the, jo rAjavarga, dhanika varga kI santuSTi meM lage hoM / inhoMne jo kucha likhA vaha svAntaH sukhAya hI likhA, jisameM svataH hI janakalyANa nihita thA / aisA karate hue sahaja hI ucchRMkhala vRtti, dambha aura pradarzana vRtti kA zamana to huA hI, paramparA aura maryAdA ke nirvAha se pAThaka zrotA varga kI asmitA jAgRta banI rahakara kalyANonmukha rahI / ratnAkara varNI isI vicAramAlA ke puSpa haiN| inakI racanAoM meM tIna zataka- -1. ratnAkara zataka (anya nAma ratnAkarAdhIzvara zataka), 2. aparAjita zataka, 3. trailokyezvara zataka prasiddha haiN| tInoM zatakoM meM 128- 128 zloka haiM / inakA varNya viSaya hai-adhyAtma, nIti, vairAgya, vedAnta aura triloka sambandhI jJAna / anya racanAeM haiM- 1. bharateza vaibhava tathA 2. somezvara zataka 'bharateza vaibhava' meM yogirAja cakravartI bharata kA jIvanacarita gumphita hai| isameM vairAgya ke sAtha zRMgAra kA samanvaya hai / isI racanA ke AdhAra para ratnAkaravarNI ko " zRMgAra kavi rAjahaMsa' bhI kahA gayA hai| yaha kAvya kannar3a bhASA ke kAvyoM meM mahattvapUrNa aura mahAkAvya ke guNoM se maMDita mAnA gayA hai| 'somezvara zataka' kAvya kavi kI usa kAla kI racanA hai jaba usane jaina mata chor3akara zaivamata svIkAra kara liyA thaa| isameM bhI tattva cintana to jaina dharmAvalambI hI hai, kintu yaha ziva ko sambodhita karake likhA gayA hai| isake pratyeka padya ke anta meM 'haraharA somezvarA' padAMza jor3A gayA hai| 'ratnAkara zataka' ke varNya viSaya ke rUpa meM isameM jaina tattva jJAna kA AdhAra liyA gayA hai / kavi kA mantavya hai ki 'manuSya ko vAstavika zAnti 'dharma' puruSArtha ke sevana dvArA hI sambhava hai| 'artha' aura 'kAma' puruSArtha mahatvapUrNa hote hue bhI AMzika mukha de pAte haiN| vAstavika dharma to Atma dharma hI hai| isa dRSTi se kaha sakate haiM ki 'ratnAkara zataka' kA varNya viSaya vairAgya, nIti aura Atmatattva nirUpaNa hai / dUsare 'aparAjita zataka' meM adhyAtma aura vedAnta kA vistAra sahita pratipAdana hai| tIsare 'trailokyezvara zataka' meM bhoga aura trailokya ke AkAra-prakAra aura vistAra kA varNana hai| pratyeka zataka meM 128 padya haiN| 'ratnAkara zataka' kI AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI dvArA kI gaI vyAkhyA ko par3hakara lagatA hai ki svayaM kavi ne saMsAra, AtmA aura paramAtmA ke cak kA anubhava gaharAI se kiyA hai aura usI anubhava ko racanAbaddha kiyA hai| isake pratyeka padya meM Atmarasa chalakatA hai| svayaM dezabhUSaNa jI kA abhimata hai ki isa racanA para samayasAra, AtmAnuzAsana aura paramAtma prakAza kI chAyA spaSTa lakSita hai| kintu ina racanAoM ke tattva jJAna ko kavi ne apane anubhava ke sAMce meM DhAlakara nayA nAma rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| svayaM AcArya jI ke zabdoM meM- "isa grantha meM aneka AdhyAtmika granthoM kA sAra hai| isake antaH stala meM praveza karane para pratIta hotA hai ki kavi ne vedAnta aura upaniSadoM kA bhI adhyayana kiyA hai aura usa adhyayana se prApta jJAna kA upayoga, jaina mAnyatAoM ke anusAra AThaveM, naveM aura dasaveM padya meM kiyA hai| akele ratnAkara zataka ke adhyayana se aneka AdhyAtmika granthoM kA sAra jJAta hotA hai / " AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha 36
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________________ vairAgya pratipAdaka hote hue bhI 'ratnAkara zataka' kA adhyAtmavAda nirAzAvAda se puSTa yA preraka nahIM hai| isameM saMsAra se ghabar3A kara use nazvara yA kSaNika nahIM batAyA gyaa| apitu, vastusthiti kA pratipAdana karate hue AtmasvarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saMsAra ke manojJa padArthoM kA antaraMga evaM bahiraMga kA sAkSAtkAra karAte hue unakI vIbhatsatA dikhAI hai| kavi kI mAnyatA hai ki moha ke kAraNa saMsAra ke padArtha bAhara se sundara dikhAI dete haiN| moha ke dUra hote hI inakA vAstavika rUpa sAmane A jAtA hai| ajJAnI yA mohita vyakti hI bhramavaza rAgI, dveSI, krodhI, lobhI, mAyAvI Adi bane rahakara apane ko sImita-saMkIrNa kie rahate haiN| yadyapi ye sArI sthitiyAM manuSya kI vibhAva paryAyI haiM, vikRtijanya haiM, prakRti janya nhiiN| ata: 'ratnAkara zataka' kA adhyAtma nirAzAvAda kA poSaka na hokara, cetanA para AvRta kRtrima AzA-nirAzA ko dUra kara AtmA kI sahaja jyoti ko udbhAsita karatA hai| racanA meM saMvAda-zailI kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| kavi ratnAkarAdhIzvara se jinendra bhagavAna ko sambodhana karAkara saMsAra, svArtha, moha, mAyA, krodha, lobha, mAna, IrSyA, ghRNA Adi ke kAraNa prANI kI durdazA kA varNana karate hue Atmatattva kI zreSThatA batAtA hai / jIvana vizeSataH manuSya jIvana anAdi kAla se rAgadveSoM ke AdhIna rahane ke kAraNa uttarottara karmArjana karatA rahA hai| jaba use 'ratnatraya' kI anubhUti-upalabdhi ho jAtI hai, tabhI vaha karma sAgara se santarita ho pAtA hai| isa vicAra ko kavi ne sahaja DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| lekina, tattva jJAna janita aise gUr3ha viSaya ko bhI kavi ne sambodhana-saMvAda zailI meM sarala-grAhya rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| zabda-vinyAsa ne viSaya kI nigUr3hatA ko artha-bodha kI sataha para lAkara grAhya banAyA hai| kavi sarvatra isa bAta ke lie jAga ka dikhAI detA hai ki sahRdaya manuSya kI cittavRtti rasa dazA kI usa bhAvabhUmi para pahuMcane meM Ahata na hokara, AtmA kI parama tRpti meM sahAyaka ho| kavi kI zailIgata maulikatA yahI hai ki anuvAda ke mAdhyama se bhI pAThaka-zrotA rasAsvAdana ko anukUla pAte haiN| yadyapi, saMskRta meM bhartRhari ne bhI zataka traya kI racanA kI hai, parantu usameM savAda zailI kI aisI pIThikA nahIM hai| isameM to bhAvadhArA svAbhAvika evaM nizcita krama meM pravAhita huI hai, jisameM anviti sarvatra dRSTavya hai| isalie muktaka kAvya hote hue bhI 'ratnAkara zataka' meM prastuta AtmabhAvana grAhya hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kavi kA lakSya cetanA ko cirantana akSaya sukha prApti karAnA hai| yaha akSaya sukha hI ratnatraya kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka hokara AtmasvarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karatA huA vRttAkAra bana jAtA hai| aise sukha kA anubhava jJAnajanya viveka se, Atmika bheda-vijJAna ke dvArA, zarIra aura AtmA ke bheda ke anubhava ke kAraNa jo zama-zAnta rasa kA bhAvana hotA hai, vaha kAvyazAstrIya zAntarasa kI sImA meM parisImita nahIM ho paataa|| 'ratnAkara zataka' kI bhASA saMskRta mizrita purAtana kannar3a hai| isameM kucha zabda apabhraMza aura prAkRta ke bhI haiN| kavi ne ina zabda rUpoM ko kannar3a kI vibhaktiyoM ko jor3akara prayogAnukUla banAyA hai| saMskRta zabdoM ko kannar3I jAmA pahanAne meM dhvani parivartana ke niyamoM kA pUrA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI, kRdanta aura taddhita pratyaya prAyaH saMskRta ke hI haiN| isa prakAra bhASA ko parimArjita karane meM apane kavi-kauzala kA upayoga kiyA hai / isa zataka kI racanA mantebha vikrIr3ita aura zArdUla vikrIDita chandoM meM huI hai / isakI racanA-zailI prasAda aura mAdhurya guNa sampanna hai| AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI ne isake varNyaviSaya evaM zailI ke sambandha meM likhA hai-'ratnAkara zataka ke pratyeka padya meM aMgUra ke rasa ke samAna miThAsa vidyamAna hai| isameM zAnta rasa kA sundara paripAka huA hai| kavi ne AdhyAtmika aura naitika vicAroM ko lekara phuTakara padya-racanA kI hai| vastutaH yaha geya kAvya hai| isake padya svataMtra haiM, eka kA sambandha dUsare se nahIM hai| saMgIta kI laya meM AdhyAtmika vicAroM ko navIna DhaMga se rakhane kA yaha eka vicitra krama hai|' (-abhimata, pR0 12) AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI dvArA sampAdita, anuvAdita evaM vyAkhyAyita samIkSya kRti 'ratnAkara zataka' ko par3hakara yaha sapramANa kahA jA sakatA hai ki Apane rASTrabhASA hindI ke pracAra-prasAra meM mahat yoga pradAna kiyA hai| isake prakAzana se jahAM eka ora to kannar3a bhASA kA prabhAva-kSetra vistRta huA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora hindI-bhASI janatA kA AntaraprAntIya bhASA-praveza huA hai| isake lie kannar3a hI nahIM hindI saMsAra AcAryaratna ke prati kRtajJa hai| rASTrabhASA ke rASTrIya svarUpa ko puSTa evaM samRddha karane ke lie yaha paramAvazyaka hai ki anekAneka bhAratIya bhASAoM kA zreSTha sAhitya hindI meM aae| aura jaba yaha kArya manISI cintaka AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja jaise adhyAtma evaM saMskRti ke stambha sampanna karate haiM to bhASA kA gaurava aura adhika bar3ha jAtA hai| aisA kArya bhASA hI nahIM, rASTra ko ekarasatA meM nimajjita karAne kA sundara suyoga bhI pradAna karatA hai| samIkSya kRti ke sampAdana-TIkA-vyAkhyA ke dvArA eka mahattvapUrNa kArya yaha bhI huA hai ki jainavAGamaya kA prasAra kSetra vyApaka banA hai| AcAryaratna ne apane AdhyAtmika sAMskRtika yogadAna meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kArya yaha kiyA hai ki inhoMne kisI bhI bhASA vizeSa kI prabhusampannatA janita dAsatA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| dezabhUSaNa jI ne kannar3a bhASI hote hue bhI apane upadeza kI bhASA hindI hI banAyI hai| ApakA uddezya rahA hai ki janatA kI bhASA meM RSi-muni paramparA ke jJAnAnubhava ko janatA taka phuNcaanaa| yadyapi, jaina paramparA meM yaha mAnyatA hai ki 'divya dhvani' ardhamAgadhI meM prakaTa huI thii| yaha dhvani-bhASA nirakSarI mAnI gaI hai, jise deva, manuSya evaM tithaMca yoni ke prANI apanI bhASA meM samajha lete haiN| ataH vaikharI bhASA to mAtra bhAva-vicAroM kI vAhikA hai| pUrva jaina sAhityakAroM ne sAhitya-nirmANa ke lie yaha niSkarSa diyA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza sabhI logoM ke pAsa unakI hI bhASA meM pahuMcane caahie| aura aisA karane se svayaM hI bhASA-dAsatA atikramita hotI rahatI hai| zAyada isIlie saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM ke samAna hI, sRjana-saMkalpa
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________________ hindI bhASA ke Adya racanAkAra jaina hI the| hindI ke Adi kavi caturmukha, svayaMbhU tathA rayadhU mAne jAte haiM, jo ki jaina matAvalambI the / kannar3a bhASA kI sampannatA to jaina-sAhityakAroM para hI nirbhara hai| ukta uddezya kI siddhi ke lie hI AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI ne sAhitya ko sarvajana sulabha banAne ke lakSya ko sAmane rakhA / isI lie ApakI sabhI pramukha racanAe~ hindI meM haiN| kAnar3I bhASA ke grantharatnoM ko Apane hindIbhASI janatA ke lie sulabha banAyA hai| 'ratnAkara zataka' ke samAna hI Apane 'nirvANa lakSmIpati stuti', 'aparAjitezvara zataka', 'bharateza vaibhava, 'bhAvanA sAra', 'dharmAmRta', 'yogAmRta', 'niraMjana stuti' Adi kAnar3I granthoM kI hindI-TIkA kI hai| isa prakAra do bhASAbhASiyoM ko hI nahIM, do kSetra-vizeSa ke vaicArika AdAna-pradAna ke mArga ko udAratA se udghATita kiyA hai| isake lie hindI saMsAra hI nahIM, samasta rASTra ApakA RNI hai| 'ratnAkara zataka' kA prathama saMskaraNa 'syAdvAda prakAzana maMdira' ArA se vIra saMvat 2476 meM prakAzita huA thaa| isa saMskaraNa ke donoM bhAgoM kI pRSTha saMkhyA 240+271 = 511 pRSTha thii| usa samaya isakA sampAdana zrI zAntirAja zAstrI dvArA sampAdita 'ratnAkara zataka' ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA thaa| taba yaha prathama bhAga meM 50 padya evaM dvitIya bhAga meM 78 padyoM kI vyAkhyA meM vibhAjita thaa| pAThakoM kI ruci ke kAraNa prathama saMskaraNa zIghra samApta ho gayA / 'ratnAkara zataka' kA prastuta dvitIya saMskaraNa prathama saMskaraNa kI punarAvRtti mAtra nahIM hai| AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI ne bar3e parizrama se isa dvitIya saMskaraNa kA vIra saMvat 2486 meM dillI cAturmAsa ke samaya punaruddhAra kiyA hai aura taba isake donoM khaNDoM kI zloka saMkhyA meM 63 padya evaM 65 padyoM ke vibhAjana ke sAtha hI vyAkhyA-vistAra hone se 218 pRSTha kI sAmagrI abhivRddha huI / isakA mukhya kAraNa vyAkhyAkAra dvArA viSaya ko adhika bodhagamya banAne ke uddezya se vicAra-vistAra pradAna karanA hai| aisA karate hue AcArya zrI ne anekoM uddharaNa dekara viSaya ko bahuta adhika spaSTatA pradAna kI hai| isa vyAkhyA ko par3hakara lagatA hai ki AcArya zrI kA zAstra-paramparA-sammata jJAna asImita hai| guru gambhIra vicAroM ko bhI sarala-sahaja bhASA meM hRdayagrAhI banAne kI Apa meM apUrva kSamatA hai| prathama khaNDa ke prArambha meM 'abhimata' zIrSaka ke antargata Apane grantha, granthakAra evaM jaina-racanAkAra-paramparA ke sambandha meM bahumUlya vastuparaka jAnakArI bhI dI hai, jo hindI-pAThakoM ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'ratnAkara zataka' Aja AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI ke sArasvata prayatna se kannar3a bhASA kA sarasa evaM upadeza graMtha hI na hokara hindI bhASA kI AMtaraprAntIya yogadAna kI rASTrIya nidhi hai| 38 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha