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________________ rAmarAsokAra mahAkavi mAdhavadAsa dadhivAr3iyA saubhAgya siMha zekhAvata kavikula gaurava mAdhavadAsa dadhivAr3iyA cAraNoMkI eka sau bIsa zAkhAoMmeM devala gotrake cAraNa the| yaha zAkhA kSatriyoMke sAMkhalA rAjavaMzakI polapAtra thii| rAjasthAnameM sAMkhalA kUlake kSatriyoMkA rAjya mAravAr3akI rUMNa paTTI aura jAMgalU (bIkAnera) bhUbhAgapara thaa| jAMgalapara zAsana rahane ke kAraNa jAMgalvA sAMkhalA aura saiMNapara Adhipatya honese rUNecA sAMkhalA prasiddha hue| jAMgaluvA sAMkhaloMne vITha cAraNoMko apanA bArahaThatva pradAna kiyA aura rUNecAne dadhivAr3iyA caarnnoNko| rUNakA zAsaka rAjA soDadeva sAMkhalA, bAdazAha alAuddIna khilajIkA samasAmayika thaa| alAuddInane rAjA soDhadevakI rAjakumArIse balaparvaka pANigrahaNa kiyA aura sAMkhaloMpara AkramaNakara unheM zaktihIna banA diyaa| zaktihIna aura rAjyacyuta sAMkhalA jAti rAjanaitika dRSTise prabhAvahIna aura nirbala ho gii| usa samaya sAMkhaloMkA polapAtra cAraNa meMhAjala devala bar3A vAkpaTu, nItimAn aura prabhAvazAlI vyakti thaa| vaha apane nirAzrita AzrayadAtAoMkA pakSa prahaNakara bAdazAha alAuddInake pAsa gayA aura apanI kAvya zaktise bAdazAhako 'kurvA samudra'se sambodhitakara prasanna kiyaa| kUrvA samudrakA artha hai sAmAnakA samudra jo kabhI samApta nahIM hotA hai| alAuddInane isa gauravase prasanna hokara sAMkhaloMko rUNakA kSetra punaH lauTA diyaa| taba rUNake kAraNa devala cAraNoMkI dadhivADiyA zAkhA prasiddha huii| kAlAntarameM mAravAr3ake rAva raNamallane rUMNakA rAjya sAMkhaloMse chIna liyaa| mevAr3ake zAsaka mahArANA kumbhakarNa rUNake sAMkhaloMke bhAgneya the| sAMkhaloMke polapAtra hone ke kAraNa dadhivAr3iyA cAraNa apane Azrita sAMkhaloMke sAtha mevAr3ameM cale ge| mahArANA kumbhakarNane dadhivADiyA jaitAko nAhara magarAke samIpastha dhAratA aura goThiyAM nAmake do grAma diye| jaitAke cAra putra hue mahapA, pAMDaNa, devA aura brsii| saMvat 1575 vi0 meM mahArANA saMgrAmasiMha prathamane mAMDavake bAdazAhako parAjitakara baMdI banAyA taba vijaya darabArakA Ayojana kiyA aura apane yoddhAoM aura kaviyoMko sammAnita kiyA / saMgrAmasiMhane usa avasara para mahapAko zAvara grAma diyaa| devAko dhAratA aura barasI goThiyANapara adhiSThita rhaa| mAMDaNa cittaur3ase mAravAr3ameM lauTa AyA thaa| vaha uccakoTikA bhakta hRdaya kavi thA / usakI saMtAna mAravAr3a meM bAsanI, kUpar3Asa aura balUdA Adi grAmoMmeM hai| mAdhavadAsakA janma mAravAr3ake balUdA grAmameM cUDA dadhivAr3iyAke gharameM huA thaa| cuDA apane samayakA rAjya aura bhakta samAjameM samAdRta puruSa thaa| DA0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarIne mAdhavadAsako mahArAjA zUrasiMha jodhapurakA Azrita mAnA hai| para, prApta pramANoMse yaha ucita nahIM jAna par3atA hai| vastutaH mAdhavadAsa baladAke svAmI ThAkura rAmadAsa cAMdAvata rAThaur3akA Azrita thaa| balUdA kAbAsa mAdhavadAsake pitA cUDAko rAva 1. muMhatA naiNasIrI khyAta saM0 badariprasAda sAkariyA bhAga 15-353 / 2. vIravinoda kavirAjA zyAmaladAsa prathama bhAga pR0 180-181 / 3. rAjasthAna bhASA aura sAhitya DA0 mAhezvarI pR0 169 / 224 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha -
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________________ cAMdA vIrabhadevotane apanA polapAtra banAkara pradAna kiyA thaa| yaha tathya cuDA dvArA rAva cAMdAkI prazaMsAmeM kathita kavittoMmeM abhivyakta hai dIgha dharA dasa sahasa jarI paJca dUNa sajAmAM / doya dIgha daMtAla narinda kIghA jaganAmAM / / sAta dUNa asa vavI sAja suvanna baNAvai / motI AkhA samaNa hAtha iNa vidha maMDAvai / / dadhavAr3a kaha ghUhar3adhaNI, kamadhaja dAlida kappiyau / caMda rI pola ravi caMda laga thira kava cUMDau thappiyau / / 1 // mer3atiye mana moTa ilA kIdhI akhiyAtAM / jAvai naMha jasavAsa jugAM caha~vai hI jAtAM / / dIgha kar3A mUMdar3A heka motAhalaM mAlA / dIgha caMda narinda dujhala vIramade vAlA // lAkha kara diyA moTe kamaMgha caMdarA hoya so devasI / soha nega toraNa ghor3A sahata cUDa rA hoya so levasI // 2 // sAMmelai hika mohara anai sarapAva sa baago| hathale vai vara taha cauka hika mohara cau bhAgo / / sare mohara hika sahata kar3A mUMdar3A karaggAM / avara rIjha aNamApa baghetI khaTatIsa vrggaaN|| vIrama taNA bIre cUDA samai mahapata thapai maMgaNAM / caMda kamaMdha diyA kava cUDa nai jetA nega AkhaMDa iNAM // 3 // ataH cuDA dadhivADiyA rAva cAMdA vIramadevota mer3atiyAkA polapAtra tathA Azrita kavi thaa| cUDAko cAMdAne dasa hajAra bIghA bhUmi, mohareM Adi dekara apanA polapAtra niyata kiyA thaa| cUDAne rAva cAMdAke caudaha putrokA nAmollekha apana eka chappayama kiyA hai pATa pati gopAla' 'rAmadAsa' tima rAjesara / 'dayAla' 'goiMdadAsa' 'rAghava' 'kesavadAsa' 'manohara' / 'bhagavaMta' 'bhagavAnadAsa' 'sAMvaladAsa' anai 'kisnsiNgh'| 'naraharadAsa' 'bisana' huvau cavadamo 'harIsiMgha' // cavadaha kaMvara candA taNA eka-eka thI AgalA / nava khaMDa nA~va karivA kamaMgha khAga tyAga jasa brammalA // cUMDAjI apane yugake pratiSThA prApta bhakta kavi the| inake racita guNa nimaMdhA nimaMdha, guNa cANakya velI, guNa bhAkhar3I, aura sphuTa kavitta (chappaya) upalabdha haiN| inhIM bhakta kavi cUDAke putra ratna mAdhavadAsa the| mAdhavadAsa balUdAke ThAkura rAmadAsake pAsa balUdAkA bAsa upagrAmameM rahatA thaa| yaha grAma rAva cAMdA dvArA pradatta dasa hajAra bIghA bhUmimeM AbAda kiyA gayA thaa| mAdhavadAsane guNa rAso aura gajamokha nAmaka do granthoMkA praNayana kiyA thaa| gajamokha choTI-sI kRti hai aura rAmarAso rAjasthAnI kA prathama mahAkAvya hai / rAmarAso jaisA ki nAmase hI prakaTa hai maryAdApuruSa zrI rAmacaMdrapara sajita hai| rAmarAsokA rAjasthAnameM bhASA aura sAhitya : 225
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________________ tulasIdAsake rAmacarita mAnasakI bhA~ti ghara-gharameM pracAra aura sammAna rahA hai| bhakti kAlake isa mahAn kavine rAmarAsoko saMracanA Adi kavi kAlmIkikI rAmAyaNa, adhyAtma rAmAyaNa aura hanumannATakakI kathA bhUmipara kI hai| rAjasthAnake vidvAnoMmeM katipaya vidvAnoMne rAmarAsokI padya saMkhyAkI gaNanA alaga-alaga prakaTa kI hai| mAdhavadAsake jIvana sambandhameM bhI unameM matabheda hai| zrI sItArAma lAlasane mAdhavadAsa kA svargavAsa saM0 1690 vi0 mAnA hai| lAlasane mahArAjA ajitasiMha jodhapurake rAjakavi dvArikAdAsa dadhavADiyAko mAdhavadAsakA putra mAnA hai| isa prakAra usako saMtatike viSayameM aneka tathyaviparIta asaMgata mAnyatAeM cala par3I haiM aura mAdhavadAsake jIvanake sambandhameM bhI AdhAra viruddha pravAda phaile hue haiN| mAdhavadAsakA nidhana vi0 saM0 1680 jeTha sUdi 8 maMgalavArako muMgadar3A grAmameM huA thaa| ghaTanA yaha hai ki ukta saMvatmeM mer3atAke zAhI hAkima abbU mahamadane rAjA bhImasiMha amarAvata sIsodiyA ToDAkI sahAyatA prApta kara nImbolAke dhanADhya nandavAnA brAhmaNoMpara AkramaNa kara unako atulita sampatti lUTa lI thI aura unake mukhiyoMko baMdI banA liyA thaa| yaha sUcanA jaitAraNameM ThAkura kisanasiha aura jaitAraNake hAkima rAghavadAsa paMcolIko milii| taba kizanasiMha aura rAghavadAsane abU mahamada kA pIchA kiyaa| aura balUdAke ThAkura rAmadAsase bhI apanI nijI senA sahita zIghra unake sAtha Akara yuddha meM sammilita honekI prArthanA kii| ThAkura rAmadAsa apane saradAroMko sAtha lekara yuddhAraMbha samayapara mUMgadar3A jA phuNcaa| mAdhavadAsa bhI ThAkura rAmadAsake sAtha thA / jodhapura aura mer3atAkI zAhI senAmeM jamakara yuddha huaa| ThAkura rAmadAsa, mAdhavadAsa aura kanojiyA bhATa varajAMga prabhRti aneka vIra mAre ge| yaha yuddha mahArAjA gajasiMhake zAsana kAlameM haA thaa| ataH mAdhavadAsakA nidhana saMvat 1690 mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| balUdAmeM mAdhavadAsakI chatrIke lekhameM bhI nidhana tithi saM0 1680 hI aMkita hai|4 dvArikAdAsako mAdhavadAsakA putra batalAnA bhI ucita nahIM hai| mAdhavadAsakA dehAvasAna 1680 meM haA thA aura dvArikAdAsane saMvat 1772meM mahArAjA 'ajita siMhakI davAvata' nAmaka racanA kI thii| dvArikAdAsane kahA hai davAveta dvAdasa duvA, tIna kavita doya gAha / satare saMvata bahotare, kavi dvAre kahiyAha / ataH dvArikAdAsa 1772 meM vidyamAna thA aura mAdhavadAsakA 1680 meM nidhana ho gayA thaa| donoMke madhya 92 varSakA antara spaSTa hI dvArikAdAsako mAdhavadAsakA pautra siddha kara detA hai / mAdhavadAsake pitA cUDAko rAThaur3a ratanasiMha rAyamalotane mer3atAvATIkA grAma jAror3o baNAM zAsanameM diyA thaa| neNasIkI paraganoMkI vigatameM likhA hai-taphe rAhaNa dhadhavAr3iyA cUDA mAMDaNota nuM / hime paM0 sundaradAsa mohaNadAsa mAdhodAsotane visanadAsa sAMmadAsota cha / 5 uparilikhita prasaMgase do tathya prakaTa hote haiN| pahalA to yaha ki mAdhavadAsa aura zyAmadAsa do bhAI the| mAdhavadAsa jyeSTha aura zyAmadAsa laghu thaa| dUsarA yaha ki mAdhavadAsake sundaradAsa 1. rAjasthAnI sabada kosa prastAvanA pR0 143 / 2. vahI , , , pR0 157 / 3. kUpAvatoMkA itihAsa pR0 271-272 / 4. zrI mAdhava prasAda sonI zodha chAtrake saMgrahakI pratilipi / 5. mAravAr3a rA paraganAM rI vigata, saM0 nArAyaNasiMha bhATI, bhA0 2 pR0 112 / 226 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ aura mohanadAsa nAmake do putra the| ye donoM rAjA jasavaMtasiMha prathama jodhapurake zAsanakAla 1721 vi0 taka vidyamAna the| ataH dvArikAdAsako mAdhavadAsakA putra prakaTa karanA pramANoMse galata ThaharatA hai| kAla kramase bhI yaha kathana tathya saMgata nahIM siddha hotA hai| rAjasthAnI kaviyoMke sambandhameM isa prakArakI asaMgatiyAM rAjasthAnI aura hindI sAhityake vidvAnoMmeM bahudhA pracalita hai| rAjasthAnIke Adi mahAkAvya rAmarAsokI chaMda saMkhyAko lekara bhI vidvAn eka mata nahIM haiN| rAmarAsokI prApta pratiyoMmeM chaMda saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna milatI hai| isakA kAraNa rAmarAsokI pratilipiyoMkA bAhulya hI rahA hai| kaI pratiyoMmeM kSepaka pada bhI haiN| kucha pada aise haiM jo rAmarAso, pRthvIrAja rAso aura prAkRtakI gAhA satasaImeM nyUnAdhika parivartanake sAtha upalabdha haiN| aise upalabdha chaMda gAhA satasaIke haiM jo vidvAn lipikAroMkI ruci aura lipikauzalakA pariNAma hai| rAmarAsokI katipaya pratiyoMmeM ghaTanAoM aura prasaMgoMke anusAra zIrSaka aura adhyAya bhI aMkita milate haiM / jina pratiyoMmeM adhyAyoMkA krama hai unameM alaga-alaga adhyAyoMkI alaga-alaga chaMda saMkhyA pAI jAtI haiM aura jisa pratimeM yaha krama nahIM hai vahA~ sampUrNa padyoMkI kramaza : chaMda saMkhyA hI dI huI milatI hai| mahAkavi mAdhavadAsake kAvya guruke sambandhameM zrI lAlasa prabhRti vidvAnoMne likhA hai ki mAdhavadAsane apane pitAse hI adhyayana kiyA thaa| yaha kathana bhI kalpanA prasUta hI lagatA hai| mAdhavadAsane rAmarAsoke prArambhameM hI apane guruke lie spaSTa saMketa kiyA hai| ..."zravaNa sumitra sabadaM, jAsa pasAya pAya pada harijasa / ""munivara karamANaMda, niya guradeva tubhyo namaH // 2 // munivara karmAnanda hI mAdhavadAsake kAvya guru the| 'niya gura deva tubhyo namaH' maMgalAcaraNakI ye paMktiyA~ hI pramANa hai / rAmarAsokI racanA tithi sabhI prApta pratiyoMmeM 1675 vi0 aMkita milatI hai| yadyapi rAmarAsoke sarjanake pazcAt mAdhavadAsa bahuta kama varSa hI jIvita rahe, para rAmakathA tathA bhakti varNanake pratApase rAmarAsokA rAjasthAnake zikSita parivAroMmeM atyadhika pracAra rhaa| aura rAmarAsoke aneka chaMda 'piMgala ziromaNi' jaise chaMda zAstra granthoM meM mile hue milate haiN| rAmarAsoke chaMdoMkA piMgala ziromaNimeM pAyA jAnA piMgala ziromaNike kartAoM rAvala hararAja bhATI(?) athavA kuzalalAbha(?) donoM hI ke lie sandeha utpanna kara dete haiN| rAmarAsokA racanAkAla 1675 hai aura piMgala ziromaNikA sarjanakAla saMvat 1618 vi0 se pUrva mAnA jAtA hai| donoMke racanAkAlameM bhArI antara hai| isa prakAra piMgala ziromaNikA racanAkAla bhI eka prazna rUpameM adhyetAoMke sAmane khar3A huA hai| mAdhavadAsa rAjasthAnI (DiMgala) aura saMskRta donoM bhASAoMkA vidvAn thaa| rAjAoM aura jAgIradAroMke Azraya evaM samparkake kAraNa usako arabI, phArasI aura turkI bhASAoMkI bhI jAnakArI rahI ho to koI vismaya nhiiN| rAmarAsomeM arabI, phArasI aura turkIke zabdoMkA prayoga huA hai| itanA hI nahIM rAmarAsomeM vyavahRta lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroMse yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki mAdhavadAsa rAjasthAnIke lokabhASA rUpakA bhI sujJAtA thaa| rAmake mAyA mRgake pIche jAnepara rAmako sahAyatAke lie lakSmaNako bhejate samaya sItAke mukhase kahalavAyA hai lakhamaNa dhAM mhAMlAra, mAta bharatarI melhiyo / bholo bho bharatAra, dekhe soha gholo dugadha / / bhASA aura sAhitya : 227
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________________ vibhISaNane rAvaNako samajhAte hue kahA pANI pahilo baMdhi pAli, rahe jima pAMNI rAMmaNa / sovana laMka kula paulasata, jAsI jima saMkara jarA / lakSmaNake zakti prahArase cetanA zUnya honepara kathita paMktiyoMmeMdhUjI dharA sesa dhar3ahar3iyo, par3atI saMdhyA lakhamaNa par3iyo / + rAma samarabhUmimeM rAvaNako lalakArate hue kahate haiM ha~ Ayo paga mAMDi cora hava, dekhavi kara mhArA kara dANava / isa prakAra mAdhavadAsane rAjasthAnIke loka pracalita rUpakA bhI rAmarAsomeM anekaMdhA prayoga kiyA hai| __ mahAkavi mAdhavadAsake garu. saMtati aura nidhana tithi aba anizcita nahIM rahI hai| para rAmarAsa sabhI prApta pratiyoMmeM yaha dohA milatA hai rAso nija jasa rAmarasa, vadiyo nigama bakhAMNa / kathitaM mAdhavadAsa kavi, likhataM bhagata kalyANa ||1135 'likhataM bhagata kalyANa' meM kalyANa spaSTataH hI rAmarAsokA prathama lipikAra hai / yahA~ kalyANa vyakti sUcaka hai| ataH rAsoke adhyayana-rata vidvAn kalyANake viSayameM bhI anusaMdhAna kareMge, aisI AzA hai| 228 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha