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________________ rAma kathA kA vikAsa pramukha jaina kAvyoM tathA AnandarAmAyaNa ke pariprekSya meM yasmin rAmasya saMsthAnam raamaaynnmcocyte| jisa kAvya meM rAma kA AdyopAnta carita varNita kiyA jAe vaha rAmAyaNa kahalAtA hai| rAma kathA sambandhI sAhitya kI racanA sarvaprathama ikSvAku vaMza ke sUtoM dvArA AkhyAna kAvya ke rUpa meM huI thI jinheM AdhAra banAkara vAlmIki ne rAmAyaNa nAmaka prabandha-kAvya kI racanA kI / isa prabandha-kAvya meM ayodhyAkANDa se lekara yuddhakANDa taka kI kathAvastu kA varNana thA / kintu kAlAntara meM janatA kI (rAma kauna the, sItA kauna thI, unakA janma, vivAha kaise huA, rAvaNa vadha ke bAda sItA kA jIvana kaise bItA, Adi) jijJAsA kI pUrti ke lie bAlakANDa tathA uttarakANDa kA samAveza isameM kara liyA gayA, jisase rAmAyaNa kI kathAvastu ( rAma + ayana arthAt rAma kA caritra ) na hokara pUrNa rAmacarita ke rUpa meM vikasita huI / ' uttarakAla meM saMskRti ke parivartana ke phalasvarUpa rAma kathA kA vibhinna rUpoM meM vikAsa huA jisase Adi kAvya ke Adarza puruSa rUpa meM kalpita rAma ko bhinna-bhinna dharmoM meM pRthak-pRthak sthAna prApta huA - yathA brAhmaNadharma meM viSNu ke avatArarUpa meM, bauddha dharma meM bodhisattva ke rUpa meM tathA jaina dharma meM AThaveM baladeva ke rUpa meN| jaina granthoM (yathA paumacariyam, jaina rAmAyaNa, uttara purANa) meM rAma-lakSmaNa ko jainamatAvalambI tathA tIrthaMkaroM kA upAsaka hI nahIM mAnA gayA, varan inheM jainoM ke triSaSTi mahApuruSoM meM bhI sthAna diyA gyaa| jaina granthoM meM rAma kathA ke pAtroM kI jaina pravrajyA evaM dIkSA, jaina vratoM ke pAlana tathA unake dvArA zramaNoM ke kie gae sammAna Adi kA sthala sthala para varNana kiyA gyaa| brAhmaNa-dharma-pradhAna grantha AnandarAmAyaNa meM kathA kA parivartana brAhmaNa (vaidika) saMskRti kI chatrachAyA meM samaya ke parivartana ke phalasvarUpa huA / vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM rAma ko Adarza puruSa mAnakara kathA kA svarUpa prastuta kiyA gayA thA, lekina AnandarAmAyaNa meM rAma ko pUrNa parabrahma, viSNu kA pUrNAvatAra, lakSmaNa bharata zatrughna ko inakA aMzAvatAra, sItA ko lakSmI evaM zakti kA rUpa, hanumAna ko gyArahavAM rudra tathA devatAoM ko vAnara mAnakara kathA kA svarUpa parivartita kara diyA gyaa| isa grantha meM kevala pAtroM ko daiva rUpa hI pradAna nahIM kiyA gayA varan inakI bhakti ( viSNu pUjA, hanumatpUjA, liMga-pUjA, zakti-pUjA) kA pracAra huA tathA inake hAtha se mRtyu-prApti ko sAyujya mukti kA sAdhana kahA gayA / uparyukta devoM kI sthApanA ke sAtha-sAtha kRSNa bhakti kA pracAra hone ke kAraNa kRSNa ke mAdhurya rUpa kA AropaNa rAma para kiyA gayA jisase kRSNavat rAma kI bAla lIlAoM, rAma-sItA kA vilAsa evaM mAdhurya-bhakti ( aneka striyoM kA rAma ke pAsa Akara krIr3A kA prastAva rakhanA tathA rAma dvArA kRSNa janma meM krIr3A karane kA AzvAsana denA) kA pracAra huaa| pramukha jaina kAvyoM (paumacariyam, guNabhadra - kRta uttara purANa, jaina rAmAyaNa) tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM rAma kathA ke parivartana va parivardhana kA avalokana karane ke lie una dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika evaM sAhityika kAraNoM para dRSTipAta karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai jina para rAma kathA kA vikAsa AdhRta hai| 1. bulke, DaoN0 kAmila -kRta rAmakathA, pR0 737-38 2. vahI, pR0 721 3. AnandarAmAyaNa, sArakANDa, sarga 2 4. vahI, vilAsakANDa 5. vahI, rAjyakANDa 64 DaoN0 aruNA guptA AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ dharmazabda AcAra tathA karmakANDa donoM ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| jainadharma meM anAgAra ( muni-dharma ) tathA sAgAra-dharma ( gRhastha dharma ) kA abhiprAya AcAra se hai kintu jinendra-pUjA Adi ke sandarbha meM dharma kA svarUpa karmakANDaparaka rahatA hai / sAgAra dharma (gRhastha dharma ) ke pAlana meM bAraha vratoM pAMca aNuvratoM (ahiMsANu vrata, satyANu vrata, antarvANu vrata, brahmacaryANuvrata parigrahaparimANAnuvrata) tIna guNa vratoM (digvata dezavrata, anarthadaNDavrata ) ; cAra zikSA (sAmAyika, proSadha upavAsa, bhogopabhoga- parimANa, atithi saMvibhAga Adi) kA pramukha sthAna hai|' ahiMsA vrata kA tAtparya hai devatAoM ko prasanna karane, atithi satkAra karane tathA auSadhi sevana Adi kisI bhI nimitta se mAMsa prApta karane ke lobha se prANiyoM kI hiMsA na karanA / isa vrata ke pAlana ke lie jainadharma meM hiMsAmUlaka yajJoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM dazaratha putra prApti ke lie RSyazRMga dvArA putreSTi yajJa karavAte haiM tathA yajJottha pAyasa kA vitaraNa patniyoM meM karAte haiN| jisase rAma, lakSmaNa Adi putroM kI utpatti hotI hai| jaina grantha paumacariya (jaina rAmAyaNa) meM yajJottha pAyasa kA vitaraNa nahIM hai apitu jinendroM ke zAntisnAna ke gandhodaka kA vitaraNa hai| * brahmacaryANuvrata kA tAtparya hai : vivAhita patnI ke atirikta anya sabhI striyoM ko mAtA, bahina tathA putrI samajha kara vyavahAra karanA tathA apanI patnI se hI santuSTa rahanA / isa vrata ke pAlana ke lie yadyapi jaina granthoM meM prayAsa kiyA gayA hai tathApi parastrI Asakti rUpa cAritrika patana katipaya pAtroM meM dRSTigata hotA hai yathA paumacariya evaM jaina rAmAyaNa meM sAhasagati nAmaka vidyAdhara dvArA sugrIva kA rUpa dhAraNa kara tArA ke sAtha kAma krIr3A kI ceSTA / lakSmaNa kA candranakhA ( zUrpaNakhA ) ke prati Asakta hokara usake pIche-pIche jAnA tathA uttarapurANa meM nArada se sItA ke advitIya sauMdarya ke viSaya meM sunakara rAvaNa dvArA rAma kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sItA kA haraNa karanA / AnandarAmAyaNa meM vyAvahArika jIvana meM hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai lekina (jaina granthoM ke samAna ) devatAoM ko prasanna karane ke lie kiye gaye hiMsAmUlaka yaza (putreSTi yajJa avamegha yajJa ) evaM mRga-mAMga bali kA nivAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| brahmacaryavrata ke pAlana kI zikSA bhI yatra-tatra grantha meM dI gayI hai lekina ( phira bhI ) katipaya pAtra isake pAlana meM zithila dRSTigata hote haiM / hanumAna yadyapi grantha meM brahmacArI evaM avivAhita varNita kiye gaye haiM, lekina sItA-khoja ke samaya laMkA meM jAkara rAkSasiyoM ke sAtha unakI anaitika ceSTAeM unake cAritrika patana ko prakaTa karatI haiM / " karmakANDaparaka dharma kA tAtparya iSTadeva kI upAsanA se hai / brAhmaNa dharma meM sRSTi ke racayitA, pAlanakartA evaM saMhArakartA ke rUpa meM brahmA, viSNu, maheza ko sarvazreSTha deva mAnA gayA hai tathA avatAravAda kA pracalana hone ke kAraNa bhaktoM kI rakSA ke lie viSNu ke samaya-samaya para rAma, kRSNA Adi ke rUpa meM avatAra lene kA varNana kiyA gayA hai kintu jaina dharma meM mokSa ko jIvana kA carama lakSya mAnA jAne ke kAraNa devoM kI apekSA una mahApuruSoM ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai jo apane zreSTha karmoM ke dvArA svarga meM sthAna prApta karate haiM tathA punaH pRthvI para Akara zreSTha mAnava ke rUpa meM prajA ko mukti-mArga kA upadeza dete hue mokSa prApta karate haiM / " vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM rAma ko Adarza puruSa mAnA gayA hai lekina paravartI kAla meM unheM viSNu kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai| jaina grantha paumacariya ( jaina rAmAyaNa) tathA uttarapurANa meM kAvya ke pramukha pAtroM rAma, lakSmaNa tathA rAvaNa ko sAdhAraNa puruSa na mAnakara triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM ( 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, e vAsudeva, 6 prativAsudeva ) meM zAmila kiyA gayA hai jinameM rAma ko AThavAM baladeva, lakSmaNa ko nArAyaNa tathA rAvaNa ko pratinArAyaNa mAnA gayA hai|" mahApuruSoM kI taraha hI inake janma ke pahale inakI mAtAoM dvArA dekhe gaye zubha svapnoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|" 13 : 1. mohanacandra jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM pratipAdita sAmAjika paristhitiyAM pR0 378 2. vahI, pR0376 3 vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa sarga 16 4. vimalasUri paumacariyam parva 29 hemacandra-kRta 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR0 205 5. mohanacandra jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM meM pratipAdita sAmAjika paristhitiyAM pR0 350 : 6. paumacariyam, parva 9; viSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR0 246-52 (noTa- jaina granthoM meM bAli sugrIva kI zatrutA na hokara sAhasagati tathA sugrIva kI zatrutA hai / ) 7. paumacariyam 43 / 48 8. uttarapurANa, 68 / 63-104 6. prAnanda rAmAyaNa, sArakANDa, sarga 1, yAgakANDa, yAtrAkANDa 10. vahI, 6/26-27 11. Jain Manju "Jain Mythology as depicted in Digambar Literature", p. 47 12. paumacariyam 5/ 154-56 13. vahI, 26 / 1-6 7/76-78 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 65
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________________ vanavAsa-Adi prasaMgoM meM bhI inakA sammAna vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke ullekha ke samAna sAdhAraNa puruSavat na karake zalAkApuruSavat kiyA gayA hai tathA inake nivAsa ke lie yakSAdhipa dvArA bhavana kA nirmANa bhI kiyA gayA hai|' ukta granthoM meM baladeva tathA nArAyaNa ke sambandha kI taraha hI rAma ko lakSmaNa kA bar3A bhAI mAnA gayA hai tathA nArAyaNa-pratinArAyaNa kI taraha hI lakSmaNa va rAvaNa ko eka-dUsare kA zatru mAnA gayA hai| kAvya ke anta meM jahAM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM rAma dvArA gavaNa kA vadha hotA hai vahAM ukta granthoM meM lakSmaNa dvArA rAvaNa kA vadha hotA hai| bAlikA vadha bhI grantha meM lakSmaNa dvArA hI karAyA gayA hai|' brAhmaNa dharma-pradhAna hone para bhI vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se paravartI hone ke kAraNa Ananda rAmAyaNa meM brahmA, viSNu, maheza, zakti tathA gaNeza ko pradhAna deva mAnA gayA hai tathA avatAravAda kA pracalana hone ke kAraNa rAma ko viSNu kA pUrNa avatAra mAnA gayA hai| AnandarAmAyaNa meM janma ke samaya rAma viSNu ke rUpa meM, lakSmaNa zeSanAga ke rUpa meM, bharata zaMkha ke rUpa meM tathA zatrughna cakra ke rUpa meM prakaTa hote haiM, tathA mAtA kauzalyA dvArA prArthanA karane para bAlabhAva dhAraNa karate haiN| kAvya ke anya prasaMga yathA viSNu-rUpa rAma ke caraNa-sparza se ahalyA kA mUrta rUpa dhAraNa karanA, rAma dvArA kie gae zambUka-vadha se akAla mRtyu ko prApta brAhmaNa putra kA jIvita ho jAnA, (vanavAsa ke lie) nArada dvArA vana gamana kI sUcanA denA,daNDakAraNya meM RSiyoM dvArA unakI upAsanA, vana se pratyAgamana ke samaya aneka rUpa dhAraNa kara prajA se milanA, aneka rUpa dhAraNa kara vAlmIki tathA vizvAmitra ke yajJa meM eka sAtha jAnA" unake viSNu rUpa ko prakaTa karate haiN| kAvya meM kucha aise prasaMga bhI haiM jo lakSmaNa ke zeSanAga-rUpa ko prakaTa karate haiM / yathA bAli-badha ke prasaMga meM rAma kI bala parIkSA karate hue sarpa ke Upara uge hae sAta tAla vakSoM ko kATane meM zeSAvatArI lakSmaNa ke aMgUThe ko dabAkara sarpa ko sIdhA karanA,12 tathA meghanAda-vadha ke bAda usakI (meghanAda kI) bhajA kA pRthvI para yaha likhanA ki zeSa ke hAtha se marakara maiMne mukti pAI hai, lakSmaNa ke zeSanAga rUpa ko prakaTa karate haiM / rAma-lakSmaNa ke atirikta anya pAtroM yathA sItA ko zakti kA pratIka tathA lakSmI kA avatAra" (rAjA padmAkSa lakSmI ko putrI ke rUpa meM prApta karane ke lie tapa karate haiM tathA padmA (sItA) ke rUpa meM lakSmI ko prApta karate haiM) tathA hanumAna ko gyArahavAM rudrAvatAra mAnA gayA hai|5 lakSmI kA avatAra hone ke kAraNa sItAharaNa tathA tyAga ke samaya vAstavika sItA-haraNa yA tyAga nahIM hotA apitu tAmasI sItA kA haraNa tathA tamoguNamayI evaM rajoguNamayI sItA kA tyAga hotA hai aura sAttvika sItA rAma ke vAmAMga meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| kAvya ke prasaMga yathA sItA dvArA zataskandha rAvaNa evaM mUlakAsura ke vadha meM sItA ko zakti (caNDI) kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai|8 lakSmI kA avatAra hone ke kAraNa Ananda rAmAyaNa meM rAvaNa dvArA sItA ke samakSa kATe gaye rAma ke mAyAmaya zIrSa kI sUcanA brahmA dvArA sItA ko pahale de dI jAtI hai| jabaki vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM ukta ghaTanA ke bAda saramA dvArA sItA se rahasya prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| rudra-avatAra hone ke kAraNa laMkA dahana ke samaya rAkSasoM dvArA pUrNa bala prayoga karane para bhI hanumAna kI pUMcha ko kATane meM asamartha honA tathA kaThinAI se jalA pAnA,21 1. paumacariya, 35,22-26 2. (ka) vahI, parva 73; (kha) uttarapurANa, 68/627-30; (ga) jaina rAmAyaNa meM vaNita hemacandra kRta viSaSTizalAkApurUSacarita, pR0 264-66 3. guNabhadra kRta uttarapurANa 68/440-463 4. AnandarAmAyaNa, 1/2/4 5. vahI, 1/2/5 6. vahI, 1//3/21 7. vahI, 7/10/103-20 8. vahI, 1/6/1.3 hai. vahI, 1/7/16-23 10. vahI, 1/12/84 11. vahI, rAjyakANDa, 21/43-76 12. vahI, sArakANDa, 835-36 13. vahI, sArakANDa, 11/207-8 14. vahI, sArakANDa, 3/118-66 15. vahI, sArakANDa, sagaM 11, 1/12/147-46 rAjyakANDa sarga, 13, 16 16. vahI, janmakANDa, 3/17; 1/7/67-68 17. vAmAMge me sattvarUpA / AnandarAmAyaNa, 1/7/68 18. vahI, rAjyakANDa, sarga 6 16. vahI, sArakANDa, 11/221 20. vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa, yuddhakANDa 21. AnandarAmAyaNa, 1/8 178-68 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha .
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________________ lakSmaNa-murchA ke samaya himAlaya parvata para kAlanemi tathA grAhI Adi para vijaya prApta karanA ityAdi prasaMgoM kA varNana kara usake parAkrama ko bar3hA diyA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM tIrthakaroM (jo triSaSTi zalAkApuruSoM meM sarvazreSTha haiM) ko ArAdhya mAnA gayA hai tathA paumacariya (jaina rAmAyaNa) tathA uttarapurANa Adi granthoM ke sabhI pAtra cAhe ve rAma (baladeva) hoM, lakSmaNa (nArAyaNa) ho, rAvaNa (pratinArAyaNa) ho, jinadevoM kA upAsaka kahA gayA hai| jinadeva kI bhakti meM upasarga-sahita tapazcaraNa ke kAraNa anaMgazara cakravartI kI putrI vizalyA ne rogavinAzaka sAmarthya prApta kiyA thaa| lakSmaNa kI mUrchA vizalyA ke abhiSeka jala se hI dUra huI thii| rAvaNa ne jinadeva kI upAsanA se hI varadAna-svarUpa amoghavijayA zakti tathA candrahAsa khaGga prApta kI thii| jinadeva arthAt tIrthaMkaroM kA nirAdara karane para mahAn dukha kA sAmanA karanA par3atA thaa| jinapujA ko bhaMga karane ke kAraNa sahasrakiraNa (rAvaNa ke viruddha) tathA rAvaNa (bAli ke viruddha) parAjaya ke pAtra bne| jinamUrti ko ghara se bAhara nikAlane ke kAraNa aMjanA (hanumAna kI mAtA) ko gRha-nirvAsana kA duHkha bhoganA pdd'aa| Ananda rAmAyaNa meM brahmA, viSNu, ziva tathA zakti ko ArAdhya mAna kara pAtroM dvArA viSNu-pUjA, ziva-pUjA, liMga-pUjA Adi kA sthala-sthala para varNana kiyA gayA hai| rudra-pUjA ke pracalana ke kAraNa sthala-sthala para hanumadbhakti, stotra evaM kavaca kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhakti ke pallavita hone para ukta grantha meM kathA ko bhakti ke sAMce meM DhAlA gayA hai jisameM sItAharaNa ko rAvaNa dvArA rAma ke hAtha se marakara mokSa prApta karane kA prayAsa mAnA gayA hai| bhakti ke pracalana ke kAraNa vibhISaNa, zuka tathA sAraNa ko rAma kA bhakta kahA gayA hai| rAvaNa tathA virAdha ke zarIra se divya teja kA nikala kara rAma meM samAnA, rAma ke hAtha se mara kara rAvaNa kI sAyujya mukti" tathA usakA (rAvaNa kA) rAma se sarvadA smaraNa rahane kA varadAna prApta karanA Adi vRttAnta viSNu-bhakti ke pracalana ko sUcita karate haiN| uparyukta devoM kI upAsanA ke atirikta rAma-kathA evaM kRSNa-kathA (vadha ke anantara bAli dvArA dvApara meM bhIla rUpa meM janma lekara rAma (kRSNa) ke paira ko chedanA, rAma dvArA prema-nimitta AI huI striyoM ko kRSNAvatAra meM krIr3A karane kA AzvAsana denA) kA sambandha sthApita kara kRSNabhakti kA pracalana bhI prardAzata kiyA gayA hai| __ jaina dharma meM sAgAra dharma jahAM gRhasthoM ke lie hai vahAM anAgAra dharma kA vidhAna muniyoM ke lie hai| munivRtti pravrajyA-grahaNa se prArambha hotI hai| jaina dharma meM pravrajyA-grahaNa kA dvAra yadyapi pratyeka ke lie khulA thA tathApi kucha apavAda niyama the| bAla, vRddha, jar3a, vyAdhigrasta, stena, unmatta, adarzana, dAsa, duSTa, gurviNI ko pravrajyA dene kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| jaina grantha paumacariya (jaina rAmAyaNa) meM bAlaka hone ke kAraNa bharata ko pravrajyA se rokA gayA hai / pravrajyA se rokane ke lie kaikeyI usakA vivAha karatI hai tathA dazaratha se varadAna svarUpa bharata ke lie rAjya mAMgatI hai|5 bharata ko bAla-pravrajyA se nivRtta karane ke lie rAma-lakSmaNa svecchA se dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna karate haiN| Ananda rAmAyaNa meM rAma kA vanavAsa pitA kI AjJA yA bharata ke bAla-pravrajyA-niSedha ke lie nahIM hai| varan rAma devatAoM ke vacana pAlana (pahale rAkSasoM kA nAza kara bAda meM rAjya kareM)" rUpa meM vana-gamana karate haiN| jaina granthoM-paumacariyam, jaina rAmAyaNa, uttara purANa meM jIvana ke antakAla meM pAtroM (dazaratha, rAma, bharata, zatrughna, vedavatI, 1. AnandarAmAyaNa, 1/11/46-60 2. paumacariyam, parva 63, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 289-91 3. paumacariyam, parva 64, vahI, pR0286-61 4. paumacariyam, parva 64; vahI, pR0 135-36 5. vahI, parva 10, vahI, pR0 137-41 6. vahI, parva 8, vahI, 131-35 7. paumariyam, parva 15-18, viSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 10 173 8. AnandarAmAyaNa, sArakANDa, 12,147-46,813-16, sarga 7/5/5 6. AnandarAmAyaNa, rAjyakANDa, 14/1-27; 1/11/244; 13/120-21 10. vahI, 1/10/215-16 11. vahI, 1/7/15-17. 1/11283 12. vahIM, rAjyakANDa, sarga 20 13. vahI, sArakANDa 8/66-68; rAjyakANDa, 444-47 14. jagadIzacandra jaina : 'jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja', pR0 384 15. paumariyam, parva 31,57-71 taka, jaina rAmAyaNa viSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR0 206 16. paumacariyama, parva 31, vahI, pR0201-10 17. AnandarAmAyaNa, 1/6/1-3 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana
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________________ bAli Adi) ke jaina dharma meM dIkSA lene kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra sAMsArika pralobhanoM se virakta hone ke lie katipaya kAraNoM kA upasthita honA Avazyaka hai| dazaratha kI virakti ke lie kaMcukI kI vRddhAvasthA', vedavatI kI virakti ke lie svayambhU (bhAvI rAvaNa) dvArA usakA apamAna', sItA kI virakti ke lie sItA-tyAga, rAma kI virakti ke lie lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ko kAraNa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA-pratipAdita kAryoM, kAmabhoga kI tRSNA ke kAraNa lakSmaNa (nArAyaNa) tathA rAvaNa (pratinArAyaNa) kI dIkSA kA ullekha grantha meM nahIM hai| inheM kavi ne mRtyu dvArA naraka kI prApti karAI hai| jaina granthoM-paumacariyam (jaina rAmAyaNa) meM meghanAda, kumbhakarNa Adi pAtroM kI vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM likhita varNana ke samAna mRtyu na karAkara unheM bandI banAyA gayA hai, jo bAda meM bandhana se mukta hokara jaina dharma meM dIkSA le lete haiN| dIkSA ko hI jIvana kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki paumacariyama meM hanumAna ke dvArA sItA ke pAsa sandeza bhejate samaya rAma antakAla meM sAMsArika pralobhanoM se virakta hokara jaina dharma meM dIkSA lene kI zikSA dete haiM / Ananda rAmAyaNa meM jIvana ke anta meM sAdhAraNa pAtroM (kumbhakarNa, meghanAda, rAvaNa, dazaratha, bAli Adi) kI mRtyu tathA daivI pAtroM (rAma, lakSmaNa, bharata, zatrughna, sItA, hanumAna Adi) ke daiva rUpa dhAraNa karane kA ullekha hai| bhAratIya saMskRti brAhmaNa (vaidika) tathA zramaNa donoM prakAra kI saMskRtiyoM se sammizrita hai| vaidika arthAt brAhmaNa saMskRti meM karmakANDa evaM sahiSNutA kI pravRtti hai lekina zramaNa saMskRti arthAt muni saMskRti meM ahiMsA, nirAmiSatA tathA vicAra-sahiSNutA kA prAdhAnya hai| vaidika saMskRti meM yAjJika karmakANDa dvArA vibhinna devatAoM ko prasanna karane tathA unase sAMsArika yAcanA karane ke vidhAna pAye jAte haiM / yAcanA karanA brAhmaNoM kA dharma hai ataH yaha paramparAmUlaka brAhmaNa saMskRti hai| zramaNa saMskRti meM zramaNa zabda kI vyAkhyA meM hI isakA Adarza sannihita hai : jo zrama karatA hai, tapasyA karatA hai, puruSArtha para vizvAsa karatA hai vaha zramaNa kahalAtA hai| apane puruSArtha para vizvAsa karane vAle tathA puruSArtha dvArA Atma-siddhi karane vAle kSatriya hote haiN| ata: zramaNa saMskRti puruSArthamUlaka zramaNa saMskRti hai| vaidika evaM zramaNa saMskRti ke vaibhinnya ke kAraNa vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM brAhmaNoM, RSiyoM ko prAdhAnya diyA gayA hai lekina jaina granthoM-paumacariyama, jaina-rAmAyaNa tathA uttara purANa meM zramaNoM ko prAdhAnya diyA gayA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM ahalyA tathA indra gautama RSi dvArA zApagrasta hote haiN| lekina paumariyam evam jaina rAmAyaNa meM indra zramaNa rUpa meM sthita nandimAlI ko bAMdhane ke kAraNa rAvaNa dvArA parAjita hote haiN|" isI prakAra vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM sagara ke putra kapila muni kI krodhAgni' se bhasma hote haiN| jabaki jaina grantha paumariyam evaM jaina rAmAyaNa meM nAgendra kI krodhAgni se| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM rAjA daNDaka bhArgava RSi kI putrI se balAtkAra karane ke kAraNa bhArgava RSi dvArA zApa grasta hote haiM / 14 jaina granthoM-paumacariyam (jaina rAmAyaNa) meM daNDaka tathA jaTAyu kI abhinnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, jo zramaNoM ko yantroM meM pera kara anAdara karane ke kAraNa unakA (zramaNoM kA) kopa bhAjana banatA hai| jaina dharma meM loga kevala zramaNoM kA sammAna hI nahIM karate the varan unake pAsa lie gae vrata kA AjIvana pAlana karate the| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM rAvaNa rambhA ke zApa (na cAhane vAlI strI ke sAtha ramaNa karane se usake sAta Tukar3e ho jAyeMge) ke kAraNa sItA ke sAtha ramaNa nahIM karatA 6 lekina jaina grantha paumacariyam tathA jaina rAmAyaNa meM rAvaNa anantavIrya nAmaka muni ke pAsa na cAhane vAlI strI ke sAtha ramaNa 1. paumacariyam, parva 26; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita pR0 205-07 2. paumacariyam, parva 103 3. paumacariyam, parva 110-15 4. paumacariyam, parva 114, triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacarita; pR0 350, uttarapurANa, parva 68 5. vahI, parva 61, vahI pRSTha 267-66 6. vahI, parva 46/32-34 7. AnandarAmAyaNa, sArakANDa, sarga,8,11.. 8. vahI, pUrNakANDa, sarga 6 9. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 5,6, 10. AnandarAmAyaNa, sArakANDa, 3/16-21 11. paumariyama, parva 13; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pRSTha 160-61 12. vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa, sarga 38-44 13. paumariyam, 5/172-73 14. vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa, uttarakANDa, sarga 73-81 15. paumacariyam, parva 41 16. vA0rA0, uttarakANDa, sarga 21 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ na karane kA vrata letA hai, tathA vrata ke pAlana ke lie uparyukta aniSTa kArya nahIM krtaa| ___ vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM iSTasiddhi ke lie havanAdi kA Azraya liyA gayA hai, lekina jaina granthoM paumacariyam (jaina rAmAyaNa), uttara purANa meM avalokanA, AkAzagAminI, bahurUpiNI Adi vidyAoM kI siddhi kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM indrajit vadha ke uparAnta rAvaNa vijaya-nimitta havana karane lagA hai jabaki jaina granthoM paumacariyam , uttarapurANa meM vaha jaina tIrthaMkara ke pAsa bahurUpiNI vidyA siddha karane jAtA hai| isI prakAra sItAharaNa ke lie rAvaNa avalokanA vidyA kI sahAyatA letA hai| vidyA siddhi meM upasthita huA vighna mahAn aniSTa kA kAraNa banatA thA isalie loga vidyA-siddhi ke lie Atma-saMyama rakhate the tathA siddha vidyA kI rakSA ke lie pratikSaNa tatpara rahate the| kAvyoM kA pramukha pAtra rAvaNa AkAzagAminI vidyA ke naSTa hone ke bhaya se sItA ke pAsa (prema-viSayaka prastAva rakhane) nahIM AtA / AnandarAmAyaNa vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa kI taraha hI brAhmaNa saMskRti-pradhAna hai isalie upayukta kathAprasaMgoM, (indra tathA ahalyA kA zApa, sagara-putroM kI mRtyu, daNDaka ko bhArgava RSi dvArA zApa, iSTa-siddhi ke lie havana Adi) meM vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa kA hI Ananda rAmAyaNa meM anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM rAma, lakSmaNa Adi ko ekapatnIvratI tathA hanumAna ko brahmacArI vaNita kiyA gayA hai, jabaki jaina granyoM meM tIrthakara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, prativAsudeva Adi triSaSTi mahApuruSoM tathA vidyAdharoM kA carita adhikAMzata: vaNita hone ke kAraNa unake bahupatnItva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai kyoMki adhika patniyAM rakhanA unake dhana, sampatti, yaza evaM sAmAjika gaurava kA pratIka samajhA jAtA thaa| rAjA-mahArAjAoM ke bahuvivAha tatkAlIna sudRr3hatA ke mahattvapUrNa sAdhana bane hue the| jaina grantha paumacariyam, jaina rAmAyaNa, uttarapurANa meM rAma kI ATha hajAra, lakSmaNa kI solaha hajAra tathA hanumAna kI eka sahasra patniyoM kA ullekha hai| hanumAna kI patniyoM meM varuNa kI kanyA satyavatI, candranakhA kI putrI anaMgakusumA, nalanaMdinI, harimAlinI, sugrIva kI putrI padmarAjA Adi pradhAna haiM / rAvaNa, jo lakSmaNa (nArAyaNa) ke zatru arthAt pratinArAyaNa haiM, ve bhI chaH hajAra se adhika patniyoM se yukta vaNita kie gae haiN| Ananda rAmAyaNa meM yadyapi rAma-lakSmaNa ko ekapatnI-vratI tathA hanumAna ko brahmacArI varNita kiyA gayA hai, lekina rAma ke pAsa aneka striyoM kA Akara kAma-krIr3A kA prastAva rakhanA sthala-sthala para varNita hai| rAma bhI una striyoM se vivAha na karake kRSNAvatAra meM krIDA kA AzvAsana de dete haiN| ukta prasaMga meM sAmAjika dRSTi se rAma kA ekapatnI-vrata rUpa Adarza katipaya zithila dRSTigata hotA hai lekina ukta graMtha meM rAma sAdhAraNa puruSa na hokara viSNu haiM, sItA lakSmI hai, saMsAra ke samasta puruSa rAma ke aMza haiM tathA striyAM sItA kA aMza haiN|" rAma (viSNu) dvArA una striyoM ke sAtha krIr3A karanA yA unheM svIkAra karane kA AzvAsana denA unake AMzika rUpa kA unameM samAveza ho jAnA hai| sAmAjika jIvana kA varNana karate hue jaina graMthoM tathA AnandarAmAyaNa meM kathA ke svarUpa ko parivartita kara diyA gayA hai| sItAharaNa ko vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM strI (zUrpaNakhA) dvArA para-puruSa (rAma-lakSmaNa) ke prati Asakti rUpa anaitika kAryoM ke prabhAvavaza varNita kiyA hai| lekina jaina graMthoM paumacariyam evaM jaina rAmAyaNa meM (lakSmaNa dvArA zUrpaNakhA ke putra zambUka ke vadha dvArA) ise sAmAjika pariveza pradAna kiyA gayA hai| Ananda rAmAyaNa meM sItA-haraNa ko sAmAjika tathA dhArmika donoM pariveza pradAna kie gae haiN| sAmAjika pariveza ke sandarbha meM 1 paumacariyam, parva 14/513 2. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, yuddhakANDa, sarga 82 3. paumariyam, parva 66-68; uttarapurANa, 68/516-26 4. paumariyam, parva 44, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 10242.45 5. (ka) paumariyam, parva 14/153, 44/45, 46/31-32 : (kha) triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR0 246-72 (ga) uttarapurANa, 68/213 6. paumacagyim, parva 33-42, uttarapurANa, parva 68 7. (ka) vahI, parva 16. parva 42; (kha) viSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pRSTha 217-26 8. paumacariyam, parva 8 6. AnandarAmAyaNa, rAjyakANDa, sarga 4,11aura 12 10. 'pauruSam dRzyate yacca tacca sarvam mAMzajam / ' A0rA0, 7/16/126 11. padava vizve strIrUpaM dRzyate tattAvazaMjam / A0rA0 7/18/128 12. vA0rA0 araNyakANDa, sarga 17, 18 13. paumariyam parva 43, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR0240-42 14. dhArmika : rAvaNa dvArA rAma ke hAtha se marakara mokSa prApta karane kA prayAsa sItAharaNa hai| jaina sAhityAnuzIlana
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________________ yadyapi vaha jaina graMthoM se sAmya rakhatA hai lekina ukta graMtha meM zambUka ke sthAna para zUrpaNakhA ke sAmba nAmaka putra ke vadha kA varNana hai|' vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM lava dvArA rAma ke azvamedha ke ghor3e ko bAMdhane ke kAraNa lava-kuza va rAma-lakSmaNa kA yuddha hotA hai| lekina jaina graMthoM paumacariyam (jaina rAmAyaNa) meM lava-kuza tathA rAma-lakSmaNa ke yuddha ko sAmAjika pariveza pradAna kiyA gayA hai tathA jisameM sItA ke tyAga ke pratikAra ko kAraNa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai|' Ananda rAmAyaNa meM lava-kuza tathA rAma-lakSmaNa ke yuddha meM (mAtA sItA ke tyAga ke pratikAra kA varNana kara) jaina kathAoM kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sItA-tyAga kA varNana nArI kI parivartita sthiti ke kAraNa vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa, jaina graMthoM tathA AnandarAmAyaNa meM pRthak-pRthaka vaNita hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM ukta kArya rAma dvArA rAjakartavya ke pAlana ke lie kiyA gayA hai| lekina paumacariyama meM rAma janapravAda ko sunakara svayaM bhI sItA para caritra-doSa kI AzaMkA karate haiN| jaina rAmAyaNa meM sItA-tyAga striyoM ke pArivArika kliSTa sambandhoM ke kAraNa hai, jisameM sapatniyAM sItA se dveSavaza rAvaNa kA citra banavAtI haiM tathA rAma se sItA ke caritra-doSa ke viSaya meM kahatI haiN| Ananda rAmAyaNa meM vaNita sItA-tyAga kA prasaMga vAlmIki rAmAyaNa tathA jaina rAmAyaNa donoM se prabhAvita hai, jisameM pahale rAma janApavAda sunate haiM, tatpazcAt kaikeyI sItA se rAvaNa kA citra banavAtI hai| ukta graMtha meM rAma mAtra sItA kA tyAga hI nahIM karate, varan jisa bhujA se sItA ne rAvaNa kA citra banAyA hai, use kATane kA Adeza bhI de dete haiN| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM jIvana ke anta meM nArI pAtroM kI mRtyu kA varNana hai jabaki jaina graMthoM paumacariyam, jaina rAmAyaNa, uttara purANa meM inake jaina dharma meM dIkSA lene tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM inake satI hone kA varNana hai|" rAjanItika kAraNa kI dRSTi se kathA ke parivartana para dRSTipAta karane ke lie jina ghaTanAoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai ve vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM samAna rUpa se (eka jaisI) varNita haiM lekina jaina graMthoM meM kiJcit parivartita rUpa meM varNita haiN| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM rAma-lakSmaNa ke prArambhika (vIrya-pradhAna) kAryoM ke rUpa meM marIca evaM subAhu Adi rAkSasoM ke vadha kA ullekha hai jabaki jaina graMthoM paumacariyam (jaina rAmAyaNa), uttarapurANa Adi meM mlecchoM se yuddha karane kA varNana hai| anumAna hai ki usa kAla meM rAjanItika dRSTi se mlecchoM ke viruddha yuddhoM kA prAdhAnya hone ke kAraNa kavi ne aisA varNana kiyA ho| jaina sAhitya ke kAla meM sAmantavAdI pravRtti kA pracalana thaa| ataH eka rAjA apane rAjya-vistAra ke lie dUsare rAjAoM se kara letA huA apane vaibhava kI vRddhi kara use apane adhIna kara letA thaa| ukta pravRtti ke pracalana ke kAraNa vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM jo rAma lakSmaNa rAkSasa-nAza ke lie vana meM jAte haiM ve jaina graMthoM-uttarapurANa, paumacariyam jaina rAmAyaNa meM vaibhava vRddhi evaM rAjya-vistAra ke lie dakSiNa yA vArANasI kI ora prasthAna karate hue vaNita kie gae haiM / 1. AnandarAmAyaNa, 1/7/41-45 2. kAmila bulke : rAmakathA, pR0708 3. paumacariyam, parva 17-100 4. A0rA0, sagaM 5/6-8 5. vA0rA0 : uttarakAMDa, sarga 42-52 6. paumacariyama, 64/16 7. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR. 315-18 8. A0rA0, janmakAMDa, sarga 3 6. vahI, 3/36 10.(ka)paumariyam, parva 110-118 (kha) uttarapurANa, parva 68 (ga) triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR0 340-42 11. A0rA01/11/205-17, 286 12. (ka) vA0rA0, bAlakAMDa, sarga 16-20 (kha) A0rA01/3/7-11 13. paumariyam, parva 27 14. (ka) paumacariyam, parva 32 (kha) uttarapurANa, parva 68 (ga) triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR0 210-216 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ rAma-lakSmaNa tathA bAli kA yuddha vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM bAli-sugrIva kI zatrutA ke kAraNa hai jo unake pArivArika anaitika sambandhoM (bAli kA sugrIva kI patnI meM lipta rahanA)' tathA rAjyAdhikAra viSayaka kalaha (bAli dundubhi ke putra mAyAvI yA durmada rAkSasa se yuddha karate samaya, usakA vadha karane guphA meM jAtA hai tathA sugrIva bhI pIche-pIche jAtA hai| dundubhi dvArA guphA kA dvAra banda kara diyA jAtA hai| bAli dundubhi kA vadha kara detA hai jisase rakta guphA se bAhara nikalatA hai| lekina bAli ke guphA se na lauTane para sugrIva use marA samajha letA hai, tathA logoM dvArA kahane para rAjya para baiTha jAtA hai| isa para bAda meM bAli Akara sugrIva se jhagar3A karatA hai tathA nagarI se nikAla detA hai) ke kAraNa hai parantu jaina graMtha uttarapurANa meM isa zatrutA ko navIna rUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai jo katipaya rAjanIti se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| ukta varNana meM lakSmaNa rAvaNa ko mAranA cAhate haiN| bAli tathA rAvaNa meM maitrIpUrNa sambandha haiM / ataH lakSmaNa kI rAvaNa ke viruddha yuddha meM vijaya taba hI sambhava hai jaba vaha zatru (rAvaNa) ke mitra (bAli) kA nAza kara de| bAli se sthApita karane ke lie ve apane dUta ke dvArA (bAli se) mahAmegha nAmaka hAthI maMgAte haiM jise dene se bAli inkAra kara detA hai| dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika kAraNoM se hue parivartana ke atirikta jaina graMthoM va Ananda rAmAyaNa meM kicit aise bhI parivartana haiM jo mUla sAhitya (vA0 rA0) se na lekara anya sAhitya ke prabhAva se grantha meM baNita kie gae haiN| jaina sAhitya tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM vaNita sItA-janma, sItA-tyAga evaM lava-kuza yuddha kA prasaMga vAlmokIya rAmAyaNa se arvAcIna sAhitya se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai / jaina graMtha paumacariyam, jaina rAmAyaNa meM sItA tathA bhAmaNDala kA janaka tathA videhA se janma vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa ke prabhAvavaza nahIM hai, varan brahmANDa purANa, viSNu purANa, vAyu purANa meM bhAnumAna janaka kA putra kahA gayA hai / anumAna hai, usIke prabhAva se grantha meM aisA varNana kiyA gayA ho / guNabhadra-kRta uttarapurANa meM vaNita sItA kI janma-kathA jisameM sItA ko rAvaNa kI putrI kahA gayA hai", kA vikAsa vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa kI rAma-kathA se nahIM hai, varan ukta vRttAnta sarvaprathama vasudevahiNDi meM ullikhita hai jisakA vikAsa uttara purANa meM hai| jaina rAmAyaNa tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM sItA-tyAga ke prasaMga meM sapatniyoM athavA kaikeyI ke Agraha karane para sItA dvArA banAe gae rAvaNa ke citra ko dekhakara rAma dvArA usake (sItA ke) tyAga kA ullekha sarvaprathama haribhadrasUri-kRta upadeza-pada nAmaka saMgraha-gAthA meM milatA hai, usIke prabhAvavaza upayukta granthoM meM isakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| Ananda rAmAyaNa meM isI prasaMga meM dhobI ke kathanakA samAveza kathA-saritsAgara ke prabhAvavaza kiyA gayA hai|' lava-kuza yuddha kA ullekha karate hue Ananda rAmAyaNa meM kahA gayA hai ki lava mAtA (sItA) tyAga ke pratikAra ke lie rAma se zatratA sthApita karane tathA sItA ke saubhAgyazayana vrata kI pUrti ke lie rAma ke bagIce se svarNa-kamala tor3akara lAtA hai| ukta kathA kA ullekha kathAsaritsAgara se prabhAvita5 pratIta hotA hai jisameM vAlmIki dvArA pUjita zivaliMga se khelane ke kAraNa lava kuza ko prAyazcittasvarUpa kubera ke sarovara se svarNa kamala tathA unakI vATikA se mandAra-puSpa lAkara usase zivaliMga-pUjA kI AjJA vAlmIki dvArA dI jAtI hai| rAma-kathA ke parivartana va parivardhana meM uparyukta kAraNoM ke atirikta katipaya gauNa kAraNa bhI haiN| gauNa kAraNoM meM vAlmIkIya 1. (ka) vA0rA0, kiSkindhA kAMDa, sarga 10 (kha) A0rA0, sArakANDa, sarga 8 2. vahI, sarga: 3. guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa, 68/444-48 4. vahI, 68/446-58 5. paumariyam, parva 26 6. brahmANDapurANa, 3-64/18 (kha) viSNu purANa, 4/5/30 (ga) vAyupurANa, 86/18 7. guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa, parva 68 8.balke kAmila : rAmakathA, pa0 366 1. jaina rAmAyaNa, pR0 315-18 10. Ananda rAmAyaNa, sarga 5/3 11. kAmila bulke : 'rAmakathA', pR0 665 12. Ananda rAmAyaNa, 3/28-30 13. kathAsaritsAgara, 9/1/66 14. Ananda rAmAyaNa, janmakAMDa, sarga 6-8 15. kathAsaritsAgara, 6/1/95-112 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana
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________________ rAmAyaNa tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM varNita kathA-pAtroM ke una nAmoM evaM paricaya ko liyA gayA hai jo jaina granthoM meM kiMcita vaibhinnya ke sAtha varNita hai| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM dazaratha kI tIna rAniyAM kauzalyA, sumitrA, kaikeyI tathA unake cAra putra rAma, lakSmaNa, bharata, zatrughna vaNita haiN|' jaina grantha-paumacariyam (jaina rAmAyaNa), uttarapurANa meM dazaratha kI cAra rAniyAM (aparAjitA, kaikeyI (sumitrA), kaikeyA, suprabhA) kahI gayI haiN| jisameM paumacariyam meM kauzalyA ke sthAna para aparAjitA tathA uttarapurANa meM (kauzalyA ke sthAna para) subAlA nAma rakhA gayA hai| lakSmaNa kI mAtA kA nAma jainagranthoM meM kaikeyI (sumitrA) vaNita hai / anumAna hai ki pAtroM ke nAmoM kA ukta parivartana triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM kI mAtAoM ke nAma para AdhRta hai| ina mahApuruSoM meM AThaveM baladeva kI mAtA kA nAma aparAjitA tathA nArAyaNa kI mAtA kA nAma kaikeyI thA, ata: jaina paramparA ke anukUla kathA meM nAma-parivartana kiyA gayA ho| rAma ko yadyapi paumacariyama jaina-rAmAyaNa meM rAma, rAghava, rAmadeva Adi nAmoM se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai lekina inakA maulika nAma padma rakhA gayA hai| padma nAma kA kAraNa hai ki aparAjitA ne 'paumasarisamuhaM' putra ko utpanna kiyA tathA dazaratha ne 'paumuppaladalaccho' (padma-kamala dala-sadRza netra vAle putra ko) dekhakara usakA nAma pauma (padma) rkhaa| bharata tathA zatrughna kA mahApuruSoM meM sthAna nahIM hai| ataH inakI mAtAoM ke nAmoM ko mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| lekina anumAna hai ki zatrughna kI mAtA kA nAma suprabhA tathA bharata kI mAtA kA nAma kaikeyA tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM ke nAma kI prasiddhi ke kAraNa rakhA gayA ho| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM vibhISaNa, rAvaNa, virAdha, kharadUSaNa Adi ko rAkSasa-yoni meM janma lene ke kAraNa rAkSasa tathA sugrIva, bAli, hanumAna Adi ko vAnara kahA gayA hai| kintu jaina granthoM meM bAnara tathA rAkSasa donoM vidyAdhara vaMza kI bhinna-bhinna zAkhAeM mAne gaye haiN| jainoM ke anusAra vidyAdhara manuSya hI hote haiM, unheM kAmarUpatA, AkAzagAminI Adi aneka vidyAeM siddha hotI hai| vAnaravaMzI vidyAdharoM kI dhvajAoM, mahaloM tathA chatoM ke zikharoM para vAnaroM ke cihna vidyamAna hone ke kAraNa unheM vAnara kahA jAtA hai| vidyAdharoM ko jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkaroM ke bhakta rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / jaina granthoM ke kAla meM ina vidyAdharoM tathA mAnavoM ke bIca sahAnubhUtipUrNa sambandha the| unameM zAdI-vivAha bhI hote the| rAvaNa kA vivAha sugrIva kI bahina zrIprabhA se", hanumAna kA vivAha candranakhA (zUrpaNakhA) kI putrI anaMgakusumA tathA sugrIva kI putrI padmarAgA se huA thA, lakSmaNa ne vanamAlA, jitapadmA, padmarAgA, manoramA Adi aneka vidyAdhara kanyAoM se vivAha kiyA thA / " virAdhita nAmaka vidyAdhara (jisako Ananda rAmAyaNa tathA vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM virAdha rAkSasa kahA gayA hai) ne kharadUSaNa ke viruddha lakSmaNa kI yuddha meM sahAyatA kI thii|" yadyapi vidyAdharoM meM paraspara vaimanasyapUrNa sambandha bhI dRSTigata hote haiM, lekina ve unake pArasparika kalaha evaM dveSa ke kAraNa haiMyathA, lakSmaNa tathA rAvaNa kA yuddha sItAharaNa ke kAraNa, sugrIva tathA sAhasagati kA yuddha tArA se durvyavahAra kI ceSTA ke kaarnn| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa tathA AnandarAmAyaNa meM khara tathA dUSaNa ko pRthak-pRthak vyakti kahA gayA hai jisameM khara zUrpaNakhA kA mauserA bhAI hai tathA dUSaNa usakA senApati hai lekina jaina granthoM meM kharadUSaNa eka hI vyakti hai jo candranakhA (zUrpaNakhA) kA pati hai| isI prakAra vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa tathA Ananda rAmAyaNa meM rAvaNa, kumbhakarNa, zUrpaNakhA, vibhISaNa Adi vizravA muni evaM kaikasI kI santAna haiM, jabaki jaina granthoM meM inheM sumAlI ke putra ratnazravA tathA kaikasI kI santAna kahA gayA hai" jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM dazagrIva, bhAnukarNa, candranakhA, vibhiissnn| 1. vA0rA0 bAlakAMDa, Ananda rAmAyaNa, sarga 1/2 2.paumariyam, 22/106-08, 25/1-13, parva 24 3. uttarapurANa, 67/148-52 4. paumacariyam, 25/7-8 5. (ka) vahI, parva ; (kha) uttarapurANa 68/271, 275-80 6. kA mila bulke : rAmakathA, pR0 64 7. paumacariyam, 6/89 8. vahI, parva 10 6. vahI, parva 16/42 10. vahI, parva 62 11. (ka) vahI parva 45; (kha) viSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR0 246-48 12. vahI, parva 44/16 13. (ka) vahI, parva 7; (kha) viSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pR0 116-17 72 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNajI mahArAja abhinandana grantha