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________________ rAmAyaNa kI lokapriyatA varddhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI yadi bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya saMskRti meM kisI graMtha ko adhikatama samAdara milA hai to vaha rAmAyaNa ko hI milA hai| rAmAyaNa hara bhASA meM aura hara saMskRti meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM pAI jAtI hai / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa sabase prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| jaina dharma meM paumacariya sabase prAcIna hai| paumacariya ke bAda, raviSeNa ne saMskRta meM padmacarita - padmapurANa likhA / isI prakAra uttarapurANa meM rAmAyaNa kA saMkSipta varNana milatA hai / parantu uttarapurANa aura padma purANa kI kathAoM meM thor3AsA aMtara hai| harivaMza purANa meM rAmAyaNa kI kathA saMkSepa meM milatI hai| isameM rAmAyaNa ke dhuruSa aMzoM kA vivecana hai / rAmacandra jaina dharmAnusAra mokSa gye| rAma ne apane jIvana meM moha rAgAdi ko kisa prakAra prazraya diyA evaM aMtima samaya meM kisa prakAra inase virata huve yaha dekhane lAyaka hai| isase mAnavIya jIvana kA rahasya mAlUma hotA hai| rAmAyaNa ke lokapriya hone kA yahI kAraNa hai / rAmAyaNa ke sabhI mukhya pAtra mahAna haiN| unakA jIvana Adarza hotA hai / ve jahA~ jAte haiM, vaha tIrthasthAna bana jAtA hai| ve jo kucha karate haiM vaha Adarza evaM anukaraNIya bana jAtA hai / kannar3a bhASA meM rAmAyaNa kI racanA huI / kavi nAgendra ne abhinava paMpa kI racanA kI jise Adi paMpa kA rUpAntara mAnA jAtA hai / isa prasiddha graMtha ke atirikta anya rAmAyaNa bhI kannar3a meM likhI gaI haiN| munizrI kumudacandra kI kumudendu, candrasAgara varNI kI jina rAmAyaNa, aura eka anya lekhaka kI norave rAmAyaNa kAphI lokapriya hai / telagu bhASA meM bhI aneka lekhakoM ne rAmAyaNa ko lipibaddha kiyA hai / unameM mukhyataH rAghavAbhyudaya, tikunAkRta rAmAyaNa, saMkSepa rAmAyaNa, bhAskara rAmAyaNa, raMganAbhyottara rAmAyaNa, kalpavRkSa Adi kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / vI. ni. saM. 2503 tAmila bhASA meM kaMba kavi dvArA racita kaMba rAmAyaNa prAcIna rAmAyaNa hai / isake atirikta jitanI bhI rAmAyaNa haiM, ve saba kaMba rAmAyaNa ke anusAra haiM / asamiyA bhASA meM zrI rAmacandra kA Adara ke sAtha ullekha hai gIti rAmAyaNa aura loka mAnasa suprasiddha kRtiyA~ haiN| malayAlama bhASA meM kannAsa rAmAyaNa aura kerala rAmAyaNa prAcIna evaM lokapriya racanAeM haiN| saMskRta meM rAmacarita - vedoM meM Rgveda bahuta prAcIna graMtha mAnA jAtA hai isameM bhI rAmacandra kA ullekha AtA hai| yoga vAsiSTha meM vizeSataH rAma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| Adi kavi vAlmIki ne saMskRta meM rAmAyaNa kI racanA kii| bhavabhUti, kSemendra Adi ne rAmAyaNa kI racanA kii| isI prakAra rAmacarita, jAnakIharaNa, rAmAyaNamaMjarI, abhiSeka nATaka, uttararAmacarita bAla - rAmAyaNa, Adi aneka nAmoM se vibhinna kaviyoM ne rAmAyaNa kI racanA kI hai / anya bhASAoM meM rAmAyaNa-paMjAbI, baMgAlI, gujarAtI, hindI, braja, kAzmIrI, marAThI, ur3iyA meM bhI rAmAyaNa hai| hindI meM gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI kI racanA prasiddha hai| marAThI meM moropanta jJAnezvara kI kRtiyA~ prasiddha haiM saMhitA bhASyoM meM, adhyAtma evaM purANoM meM bhI isa pavitra carita ko sthAna milA hai| saMhitA zAstroM meM hiraNyagarbha saMhitA, zukasaMhitA, mahAzaMbhu saMhitA, brahmasaMhitA sadAziyasaMhitA, vasiSThasaMhitA, agastyasaMhitA, Adi meM rAmacarita kA ullekha hai| kalkipurANa, padmapurANa, kUrmapurANa, dharmapurANa, vaivartapurANa, mAya purANa, bArAhapurANa, vAmanapurANa, skaMdapurANa, Adi paurANika sAhitya meM bhI isa kathA kI vividha rUpa meM carcA hai / 129
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________________ rAmAyaNa kI vizeSatA-itanI lokapriya hone se isameM kucha vizeSatA honI cAhiye / rAmAyaNa ke pramukha pAtra rAma, lakSamaNa, sItA va rAvaNa haiM / inakI mahAnatA kA digdarzana karAne ke liye, rAmAyaNa ke kucha prasaMgoM kA yahAM ullekha kreNge| 1. rAvaNa zAntinAtha caityAlaya meM bahurUpiNI vidyA ko siddha kara rahA thA hanumAna, sugrIva Adi ne rAmacandrajI se kahA ki rAvaNa bahurUpiNI vidyA siddha kara rahA hai aura agara vaha usane siddha karalI to raNabhUmi meM vaha aneka rUpa dhAraNa karake AvegA jisase asalI rAvaNa ko pahacAnanA muzkila ho jAvegA aura hama yuddha meM hAra bhI sakate haiM / ataeva hameM AjJA deveM ki hama vighna DAleM jisase vaha vidyA siddha nahIM kara ske| raghuvIra ne bar3e zAnta svara meM kahA ki rAvaNa dharmasthAna meM ArAdhanA kara rahA hai, usameM vighna DAlane kI maiM svIkRti nahIM de sktaa| bhale hI isake phalasvarUpa maiM yuddha hAra jAUM aura sItA ko pAne se vaMcita raha jaauuN| aise the raghuvIra / unakI sAtvika vRtti ke Age kisI kI bhI nahIM clii| 2. samudra ke kinAre rAma ArAdhanA kara rahe the ki acAnaka vibhISaNa vahAM A gayA aura apanI Apa bItI sunAne lgaa| rAmacandra ne pUrI bAta suna kara lakSmaNa se kahA ki samudra se jala lAkara inakA laMkA kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara do| sabhI stabdha raha gye| lakSmaNa bhI kucha hicake, para rAma ke punaH kahane para unhoMne abhiSeka kara diyA / taba hanumAna ne kahA ki Apane vibhISaNa kI parIkSA liye binA hI usakA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyaa| rAmacandra ne uttara diyA ki koI akasmAt AtA hai aura merI zaraNa svIkAra karatA hai to usako abhayadAna denA merA kartavya hai / hanumAna ke punaH pUchane para ki agara kabhI rAvaNa bhI ApakI zaraNa meM A jAya to? rAma ne muskarAte huve kahA ki laMkA kA rAjya to vibhISaNa ko de cukA aba agara rAvaNa AtA hai to ayodhyA kA rAjya taiyAra hai| itane udAtta the, ve mahApuruSa, dUradarzI bhI the| unhoMne bhaviSya ko tAr3a liyA thaa| 3. sItA ke apaharaNa se rAma bahuta dukhI ho gaye the / sItA ko DhUMDhate, vaha bana-bana phira rahe the| rAste meM unheM kucha AbhUSaNa mile, rAma ne lakSmaNa ko kuMDala de kara pUchA ki lakSmaNa kyA ye kuMDala sItA ke haiM ? lakSmaNa ne inakAra kiyA ki maiM nahIM jAnatA to rAma ne kaMkaNa kA Tukar3A dekara ume pahacAnane ko kahA, taba bhI lakSmaNa ne vahI uttara diyaa| rAma ko zaMkA ho gaI kyoMki rAma ne una AbhUSaNoM ko pahacAna liye the| inheM sItA ne isa kAraNa girA diye the ki kabhI rAma ko mila gaye to ve jAna jAveMge ki sItA kidhara gaI hai| bhAI kI zaMkAzIla mudrA dekha kara lakSmaNa ne kahA ki bhAI maiM to pratidina sItAmAtA ke caraNa chUtA thA, Apake pAsa unake pAMva kI koI vastu ho to batalAveM / maiM pahacAna luuNgaa| kyA aisA zIla-saMvardhana Aja ke navayuvakoM meM pAyA jAtA hai ? 4. zaMbhukumAra kI mAtA rAmacandra aura lakSmaNa ke rUpa ko dekha kara unakI ora ASTa ho gaI / parantu rAma aura lakSmaNa usake hAva-bhAva va unheM mohita karane ke prayAsoM se raMcamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM huve / Akhira apUrva sundarI usa rAvaNa-bhaginI ko nirAzA hI hAtha lgii| 5. zabhukumAra sUryahAsa khaDga ko siddha karane ke liye 12 varSoM se tapasyA kara rahA thA / Akhira usakI tapasyA saphala huI aura khaDaga AkAza se nIce utarane lagA / zaMbhukumAra use le isake pahale lakSmaNa ne use apane adhikAra meM kara liyA aura usakI teja dhAra kI parIkSA karane liye bAMsa ke jhaMDa para use calA diyA / na kevala vaha bAMsa kA jhuMDa hI kaTa kara girA balki pAsa khaDA huvA zaMbhukumAra bhI usakI capeTa meM A gayA aura usake do Tukar3e ho gye| phalitArtha yaha huvA ki 12 varSa ko tapasyA ke bAda prApta khaDga ko vaha apane kabje meM nahIM rakha sakA aura vaha anAyAsa hI lakSmaNa ko prApta ho gayA / yaha karma ko vicitratA hI hai / kisa samaya kaunasA karma udayamAna ho jAya yaha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| 6. navamAsa kI garbhiNI sItA ko kisI lokopavAda ke bhaya se rAmacandra ne chor3ane kA taya kara liyaa| unakA dohalA thA ki ve tIrthayAtrA kreNgii| so tIrthayAtrA karAne ke bahAne sItA ko le jA kara vana meM chor3a Ane ke liye rAma ne lakSmaNa ko kahA / para lakSmaNa niraparAdhinI sItAmAtA ko daMDa dene ko rAjI nahIM havA / taba rAma apane senApati ko Adeza dete haiM ki sItA ko tIrthayAtrA ke bahAne le jA kara daMDakAraNya meM chor3a Ao / senApati sItA ko lekara daMDakAraNya jAtA hai aura vahAM sItA ko utAra detA hai| jaba sItA yaha kahatI haiM ki yaha to tIrthasthAna nahIM hai to rotA huvA senApati kahatA hai ki aba yaha jaMgala hI Apake liye tIrthasthAna hai kyoMki lokopavAda ke bhaya se svAmI ne Apako tyAga diyA hai| sItAdevI socatI hai ki mere azubha karmoM kA udaya huA hai, usakA phala to mujhe bhugatanA hI pdd'egaa| vApasa lauTate have senApati ko vaha eka saMdeza rAma ke liye detI hai ki Apane lokopavAda ke bhaya se mujhe to tyAga diyA parantu iso lokopavAda ke bhaya se kahIM dharma ko mata chor3a denA / prajApAlana meM DhIla na ho / yaha usa satI kA caritra hai jisane Apatti ke samaya bhI pati-hita kA dhyAna rakkhA / vAstava meM vaha parama zIlavatI thii| 7. lava-kuza kI utpatti ho gii| yuddha ke bahAne se nArada ne rAmacandra se unako milAyA / pati ke caraNa chU kara sItA bhI rAma ke pAsa khar3I ho gaI / rAma ne kahA devI, dura khar3I raho, abhI tumhArI parIkSA nahIM huI hai / sItA ke sira para to pahAr3a TUTa pdd'aa| socane lagI ki dUsaroM ko zaMkA ho to ho, parantu mere patideva ko bhI mere zola para zaMkA hai / u, uso samaya saMsAra se vairAgya ho gayA, parantu bolI ki parIkSA le leN| ___ dUsare dina vizAla agnikuMDa racA gayA / sItA ko usameM praveza karanA thaa| apAra bhIr3a ekatrita ho rahI thii| tabhI AkAza meM jAte huve do devoM ne isa bhIr3a ko degaa| jaba unheM patA lagA ki eka satI ke zola kI parIkSA hone jA rahI hai to unhoMne socA ki satI ko parIkSA meM saphala honA hI cAhiye, nahIM to zIla kA mahatva aura mahimA saMsAra se uTha jaaegii| (zeSa pRSTha 133 para) 130 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational