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________________ Mansi VISIT IN Ind pro. paramAnanda coyala rAjasthAnI citrakalA kalA mAnava hRdaya kI mUrtimAna abhivyakti hai. bAhya jagat se bimbita kalA sRSTi ko hI jo mahatva dete hai, antarmukhI kalA kA rasAsvAdana ve nahIM kara pAte. yahI kAraNa hai ki yathArtha cazme se dekhanevAle loga bhAratIya kalA kA Ananda nahIM le sakate. jabase DAkTara, Ananda kumAra svAbhI ne bhAratIya kalA ke pakSa meM lekhanI uThAI, deza-videza ke kalA marmajJa bhAratIya kalA ko Adara kI dRSTi se dekhane lage haiM. ajanatA, elorA, pAla gujarAtI, bAgha, sAigiriyA sitranavAsala, turkistAna, bAmiyA, kazmIrI, mugala, rAjasthAnI va pahAr3I citrakalA kA adhyayana Aja vidvAnoM ke liye ruci kA viSaya ho gayA hai. yugayugIna bhAratIya kalA paramparA meM (isa 2000 varSa kI bhAratIya kalA meM) rAjasthAnI citrakalA kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai. 17 vIM zatI ke bauddha itihAsakAra tArAnAtha ne likhA hai ki 7 vIM zatI meM rAjasthAna, kalA kA mukhya kendra thA. jahA~ se bhArata meM eka vizeSa kalA-dhArA bahI. zraMgadhara isakA pramukha citrakAra thA. kheda hai ki isa varNana ke atirikta usase pUrva kI rAjasthAnI citrakalA ke viSaya meM hameM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai.. rAjasthAna meM citroM ke tIna prakAra dikhAI dete haiM. bhitti-citra, ikahare pRSTha para bane pustaka citra va vasalI para aMkita chinna citra. bhitti-citraNa kI prathA ajantA yuga se calI AI hai, parantu ajantA kI bhUmi taiyAra karane kI vidhi evaM rAjasthAnI vidhAna meM kAphI antara hai. zuddha phesko proseja (bhitti para citra banAne kI vizeSa vi) rAjasthAnI bhitti-citroM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai. isa dRSTikoNa se iTalI ke Dempa proseja (gIlI bhUmi para citra banAne kI prakriyA) ke samIpa rakkhA jA sakatA hai. sabase prAcIna rAjasthAnI bhitti-citra jayapura ke samIpa bairAT nAmaka sthAna meM pAye gaye haiM. rASTrIya lalita kalA akAdamI ke Agraha se zrIkRpAlasiMha zekhAvata ne kucha varSa pUrva inakI kaoNpI (amukRti) kara isa chipe khajAne ko saMsAra ke sammukha lAne kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA. ina citroM ke viSaya vIra rasa se otaprota - varNa-vidhAna samatala va sthUla raMga ke ine gine maMdabhUta, rekhAeM ghumAvadAra evaM gatipUrNa haiM. 17 vIM zatI se 16 vIM zatI taka ke rAjasthAnI bhitti-citroM se Aja bhI saikar3oM prAcIna imArateM, haveliyA~ va mahala bhare par3e haiM. koTA kI jhAlA kI havelI meM bane rAga-raMga va zikAra ke citra kalpanA va racanA cAturya ke anupama namUne haiM. loka kathAe~, darabArI ThATha bATa, zikAra ke dRzya, ekAMkI chavi ghor3e para hukkAmoM ke sAtha, hukke kI nalI gur3agur3Ate jAgIradAra, ThAkura yA rAjA kI aujapUrNa AkRti, janAnakhAnoM kI raMgareliyA~, nAyaka nAyikAoM kI prema bharI lIlAeM, bArahamAsA va rati rahasya ityAdi rAjasthAnI bhitti citroM ke mukhya viSaya rahe haiM. cUnAmiTTI khira jAne se aisI citrita dIvAre aba bar3hatI jA rahI haiM isa taraha rAjasthAnI citrakalA kA eka bar3A aMza zanaiH zanaiH lupta hotA jA rahA hai. sabase purAne pustaka-citra bhojapatra va tAla patroM para bane milate haiM. 12 vI zatI meM kAgaja nirmANa ke bAda jaina sacitra pustakoM kI racanA Arambha huI jisakA mukhya kendra gujarAta thA. sAMskRtika evaM rAjanaitika dRSTi se gujarAta va dakSiNI Jain Edu24 Dery.org
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________________ Jain E 664 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : tRtIya adhyAya rAjasthAna adhika ghule-mile haiM, ataeva inakI citraracanA meM zailI kI ekatA rahI ho to koI Azcarya nahIM. mevAr3a ke 13vIM va 15vIM zatI ke do jaina-graMtha mile haiM, ho sakatA hai aura bhI kahIM isa prakAra ke graMtha rahe hoM. jaisalamera ke jaina pustaka bhaNDAra kA honA bhI yaha siddha karatA hai ki zAyada jaina hastalikhita pustakeM yahAM pahale se hI milatI rahI hogI. ina pustakoM kI jilda lakar3I kI takhtiyoM se baMdhI hai. inameM prayukta zailI vizeSa kI paramparA lagabhaga 16 vIM zatI ke anta taka calatI rahI. inake dRSTikoNa, va saMyojana va vidhAna meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM dikhAI detA hai. bAdaloM ke Alekhana, per3a-paudhoM kI banAvaTa va eka Adha anya upakaraNa ke citraNa meM halkA-sA paraziyana prabhAva ( alaMkRta zailI kA ) jhalaka uThA hai. yaha prabhAva itanA gauNa hai ki isake nijatva meM koI AghAta nahIM pahu~catA rAbarTa skelTana ne 15vIM zatI ke niyAmata nAmA kI khoja kI hai jisakI eka prati isa samaya laMdana kI iMDiyA Aphisa lAibrerI meM hai. zAyada, 'mAMDU' mAMDavagar3ha, ( mAlavA ) ke sultAna gayAsuddIna khijalI ke lie yaha pustaka banAI gaI ho. inameM tathA banArasa kalA bhavana vAlI zAhanAme kI prati meM paraziyana kalA kA bahuta adhika prabhAva hai. ho sakatA hai inakA athavA aisI hI paraziyana zailI se prerita anya pustakacitroM kA tathAkathita jaina, gujarAtI athavA rAjasthAnI zailI para kSINa-sA prabhAva par3A ho. 1565 se 1580 zatI taka mugalazailI ke sampanna hone ke bAda se hI rAjasthAnI zailI meM bhI parivartana hone lagA hai. isake pUrva kI rAjasthAnI citra kalA ko zailI ke dRSTikoNa se jaina athavA gujarAtI se prathaka dekhanA ucita nahIM hogA. nATakIya va alaMkRta saMyojanatI kI grAmINatA va Tepana, caTakIle raMgoM kA samatala prayoga va Alekhana kI tatparatA isa kalA ke AkarSaka aMga haiM. savAcazma cehare, lambI nukIlI nAka, cehare kI sImAMta rekhA ko pAra karatI dUsarI AMkha, choTI Ama kI guThalI sI ThuDDI, phaTe phaTe kAna taka khiMce, lambe naina, striyoM kA ubharA bakSa, kSINa kaTi colI lagA dupaTTA, puruSoM ke cakadAra (sIna kAnoM vAle jAyeM, aTapaTI pagar3iyA~, dupaTTe va paTake ityAdi ke Alekhana ne isa zailI meM eka anokhApana lA diyA hai. isameM paramparAgata kalA kA apabhraMza rUpa phalakane para bhI grAmINatA kA AkarSaNa va nirdoSitA dikhAI detI hai. gIta goviMda, durgAsaptazatI, kathAkAvya ratirahasya ityAdi inake viSaya rahe haiM. rAjasthAnI zailI kA yaha rUpa dhIre-dhIre saMbaMdhita ho 16 vIM zatI ke aMta taka apanatva pAne lagA. 1591 zatI ke uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI prati meM, jo isa samaya bar3audA myUjiyama meM hai, isa zailI kA parivartita rUpa spaSTa lakSita hotA hai. yahA~ savAcazma cehare ke sthAna para eka cazma cehare dIkhane lagate haiM sImAMta rekhA ko pAra karatI dUsarI AMkha lupta ho gaI, alaMkaraNa va nATakIya saMyojana zithila par3a gayA, prakRticitraNa adhika vAstavika hone lagA, mudrAoM kI jakar3ana DhIlI ho gaI, raMgoM meM bahulatA A gaI, saMyojana meM viralatA ke sthAna para ghanatva chAne lagA, eka sI koNadAra va vegamayI rekhAeM golAkAra ho bhAvAnugAmI bana, jagaha-jagaha loca khAtI kahIM pIna to kahIM skUla hone lagI. zailI ke isa navanirmANa ko rAjasthAnI citrakalA kA udbhava mAnanA cAhie rAjasthAnI citrakalA ke nirmANa meM mugalakalA kA kitanA hAtha rahA hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, para yaha nizcaya hai isakA yaha rUpa hone ke pUrva hI 1565 se 1580 taka mugalakalA samunnata ho cukI thI, phira akabara kI sulaha pUrNa nIti ne bhI rAjasthAna ke adhikAMza bhAga ko sAMskRtika dRSTi se eka kara diyA thA. aisI hAlata meM rAjasthAnI kalA para mugalakalA kA prabhAva na par3A ho yaha samajha meM nahIM AtA. mevAr3a isa navIna zailI kA pramukha kendra thA. 11 vIM zatI ke anta taka isakA maulika rUpa bana cukA thA. 17 vIM zatI 7 1. zraddha eya muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne jaisalamera ke jJAna bhaMDAroM se jaina kalA ke anupama namUne khojakara rAjasthAnI va ajaMtA elorA kalA ke bIca kI kar3I jor3a dI hai. lakar3I kI karoba caudaha sacitra paTaliyA~ Apane DhUMDha nikAlI jinameM kamala kI vela vAlI paTalI atyanta vilakSaNa hai. isakA Alekhana zrI sArAbhAI navAba kI bharata va bAhubalI vAlI paTalI kI doharo vela kA sA hai- alaMkaraNa to aura bhI anokhA. ina veloM meM eka meM jirAka aura dUsare meM geMr3e kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai jo bhAratIya kalA meM zAyada pahale pahala yahIM huA ho. eka citra meM makara ke mukha se nikalato kamala vela banAI gaI hai. aisI vela sAMcI, amarAvatI va mathurA ke artha citroM kI vizeSatA hai. ataeva jesalamera kalA kI prAcInatA para va paramparAgata kalA ke sAnnidhya para ye citra gaharA prakAza DAlate haiM. mm m SEINEINEINES IS sasasasasasasasasasi SISESEISE Hamstery.org
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________________ / pro0 paramAnanda coyala : rAjasthAnI citrakalA : 665 ke vizada rAjanaitika vatAvAraNa meM bhI mevAr3a kI citrakalA unnatonmukha rahI hai. zrI gopIkRSNa kanaur3iyA (kalakattA) ke pAsa 1605 zatI kA mevAr3a kalama kA banA rAgamAlA seTa hai jo zAyada cAmuNDa meM citrita kiyA gayA thA. isakI rekhAoM ke koNoM va raMgoM kI caTakadAra vaNikA meM jaina athavA gujarAtI zailI kA kSINa-sA prabhAva jhalakatA hai. 1605 meM mevADa zailI meM grAmINatA va sthUlatA dikhAI detI hai. dhIre-dhIre-dhIre isameM sutharApana va paripakvatA Ane lagI para sAtha hI mugala prabhAva bhI dIkhane lagA. 17vIM zatI ke madhya taka isa prabhAva ko mevAr3a kalama ne AtmasAta kara apane nijasva ko ubhAra liyA. usa samaya svAmI vallabhAcArya dvArA pratipAdita vaiSNava dharma kI bhaktidhArA samasta uttarI bhArata, gujarAta va rAjasthAna ko plAvita kara rahI thI. ataH mevAr3a meM bhI bhAgavat purANa kI kaI sacitra pratiyAM banIM, sAhabadI kI banAI 1642 IsavI kI bhAgavata purANa kI prati isa samaya udayapura ke sarasvatI bhaMDAra meM surakSita hai, isakI eka prati sarasvatI bhaMDAra koTA meM bhI hai. bhAgavat ke kaI sacitra panne rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI meM haiM. 1651 meM cittaur3a meM banI rAmAyaNa kI ukta prati sarasvatI bhaMDAra, udayapura meM haiM va manohara dvArA citrita eka prati 'priMsa oNpha velsa zyUjiyama bambaI' meM hai. rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya kI jema pelesa rAgamAlA va bIkAnera saMgrahAlayakI rasikapriyA (17vIM zati kA madhya) ke citra mevAr3a kalama ke zreSThatama namUne haiM. gItagovinda para bhI citra banAe gaye. kaMvara saMgrAma siMha, navalagar3ha ke pAsa gItagoviMda ke kaI chinna citra prApya haiM. lagabhaga 1560-51 ke bane sUrasAgara ke kaI citra bhI gopIkRSNa kanaur3iyA ke saMgraha meM haiM. mevAr3I citroM ke raMga zuddha va atyanta caTakIle haiM. pRSThabhUmi meM raMgoM kA samatala prayoga kiyA gayA hai. striyAM ThiMganI para suMdara va AkarSaka banAI gaI haiM. prakRticitraNa meM alaMkAraNa A gayA hai. kahIM-kahIM bAda ke citroM meM mugala prabhAva ke kAraNa halkA-sA yathArtha kA puTa bhI dikhAI dene lagatA hai. pahAr3iyoM va caTTAnoM ke Alekhana meM yaha prabhAva sApha pahacAnA jA sakatA hai. ghumAvadAra rekhAoM kI AvRtti se nadI ke bahAva ko darzAne kA prayatna kiyA hai, dRzyA kA prayoga rUr3hi mAtra raha gayA hai. virodhI raMgoM ke bIca ghaTanAmUlaka pAtroM ko isa taraha kI raMga-biraMgI veSabhUSA meM citrita kiyA gayA hai ki A~kheM atirikta ubhAra ko dekhakara TikI-sI raha jAtI haiM. pazu-pakSI kA citraNa aksara jaina athavA gujarAtI zailI-sA huA hai--ghor3oM va hAthI ke citraNa meM mugala zailI kI yathArthatA ke darzana hote haiM. rAta kA citraNa syAha pRSThabhUmi para cAMda tAre banAkara kiyA gayA hai. puruSa veSabhUSA meM gheradAra jAmeM paTakA (kamarabaMda) jahAMgIra athavA zAhajahAMnumA pagar3iyAM va striyoM meM lahaMgA, colI, jhInI or3anI ityAdi banAe gae haiM. mevAr3a kalama ke viSaya nAyaka nAyikA bheda, rAgamAlA, bhAgavata, purANa va rAmAyaNa ityAdi rahe haiM. rAdhAkRSNa ko lekara zRMgArika citroM kI racanA kI gaI para unake AvaraNa meM tatkAlIna samAja kA saccA aksa pratibimbita ho pAyA hai. 17vIM zatI kA aMta hote-hote mevAr3a zailI kA yaha ujjvala kAla samApta ho gayA. citroM kI bAr3ha A gaI, parantu zailI meM DhIlApana bar3hane lagA. isa zailI kA pracAra itanA phailA ki choTe-choTe ThikAnedAra bhI citroM ke rasika hogae. vyakticitra darabAra zikAra va savAriyoM ke dRzya janAnakhAne va raMgareliyoM ke dRzya aba mevAr3a kalama ke viSaya hone lage. bhakta ratnAvalI, pRthvIrAja rAso, durgAmAhAtmya va paMcataMtra ityAdi para isa kAla meM saikar3oM citra bane jinameM kalAtmakatA zanaiH zanaiH lupta hone lagI. mevAr3a ke bAda kalA-kSetra meM bUdI kA sthAna AtA hai / bhArata kalA bhavana kI dIpaka rAga va myUnisipala myUjiyama, ilAhAbAda kI bhairava rAginI isa kalama kI sabase prAcIna prApta racanAe~ haiM. inameM mevAr3a kI-sI grAmINatA va alhar3apana ke sAtha-sAtha mugalI sutharApana va kamanIyatA bhI dikhAI detI hai. inake raMga prabhAvotpAdaka teja va camakIle haiM. per3a paudhoM va pazu-pakSI ke citraNa meM itanA sIdhA va saccA nirIkSaNa inhIM citroM meM pahale-pahala milatA hai. caur3I A~kheM, moTI gar3hedAra ThuDDI, patalI nukIlI nAka, bhArI ceharA ityAdi 17vIM zatI ke mevAr3acitroM kI yAda dilA jAte haiM. zailI-vilakSaNatA dekhakara mAlUma hotA hai ki bhairavI rAginI kA citraNa-kAla 1625 IsavI ke lagabhaga rahA hogA. mevAr3a - REA ALERS FOR PASEKA danNINbanavAnAvAcavAvAbAbavAvANININRNaray
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________________ 666 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : tRtIya adhyAya zailI se hI bUMdI kalA kI utpatti mAnI jAnI cAhie, hAlAMki mugalazailI kI najAkata kA bhI isameM kama prabhAva nahIM par3A. puruSoM kI veSabhUSA meM camakadAra (konenumA) jAmeM va aTapaTI pagar3iyoM ke pahanAve se inakI prAcInatA AMkI jA sakatI hai. nezanala myUjiyama dillI meM bUMdI kalama ke kaI prAcIna rekhA-citra prApta haiM, jinameM cehare ke koNa miTane lage haiM. racanAcAturya, kalama kI kArIgarI, zailI kI praur3hatA, raMgoMkA mAdhurya va Alekhana kI saccAI dekhakara bhAna hotA hai ki ye citra 1630 se 1660 ke lagabhaga bane hoMge. karla khaMDelavAla dvArA prakAzita bUMdI kalama ke citra kAphI prAcIna haiM. isa taraha ke citroM kA samaya 1660 se.1660 IsavI taka thA. strI ceharoM kI banAvaTa meM ina bUMdI ke Arambhika citroM meM mevAr3a zailI kA atyadhika prabhAva jhalakatA hai, phira bhI gaThana meM yaha kAphI puSTa haiM. inameM dRzya citraNa bhI adhika yathArtha bana par3A hai. yahAM bUMdI kI apanI AkRtiyoM kA nirmANa hote hama sarva prathama dekhate haiM. aba cehare choTe va gola ho gaye haiM. gAloM kI golAI dikhAne ke liye A~kha ke nIce va nAka ke pAsa chAyA kA prayoga kiyA jAne lagA jo mevAr3a kalama ke citroM meM kahIM nahIM dikhAI detA. mevAr3a citroM meM cehare capaTe banate the. jina ceharoM meM mevAr3I prabhAva dikhAI detA hai ve bhI atyanta kamanIya banAe gaye haiM. cehare kA raMga lAla va kiMcit bhUrApana liye hue haiM. raMga caTakIle hone para maMdabhUta va gambhIra hone lage haiM. pAnI bala khAtI rekhAoM kI AvRtti dvArA citrita kiyA gayA hai. pRSThabhUmikA kI harItimA ko lAla-pIle phUloM se AcchAdita dikhAyA gayA hai. imAratoM kA citraNa bhI bar3I dakSatA se usameM jar3I huI ekaeka IMTa banAkara kiyA gayA hai. 18vIM zatI ke madhya ke bane bUMdI zailI ke citra atyanta madhura va zreSTha haiM. zrI kanaur3iyA ke saMgraha meM isa zatI ke bane rAga rAganiyoM ke 36 citroM ko dekhakara inake sauMdarya kA bhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai. 18vIM zatI ke anta meM yaha sutharApana va nirUpaNa kA mAdhurya kSINa hone lagA. lAla raMga kI jagaha camakadAra pIlA raMga aba ceharoM meM bharA jAne lagA. golAI ke lie atyadhika paradAja kA prayoga kucha-kucha karkazatA paidA karane lagA. pAnI darzAne vAlI sapheda rekhAe~ bhI ghanI va moTI hone lagI. muMha ke samIpa chAyA dikhAkara pRSThabhUmi se AkRti ko ubhArane kA betukA prayatna kiyA jAne lagA. per3a paudhoM ko ghane phUla pattoM va latAoM se AcchAdita kiyA jAne lagA. nAriyoM ke vastroM meM jagaha-jagaha sone kI tabaka' kI chir3akana ne cakAcauMdha paidA kara kautUhala bar3hA diyA, parantu bhAvAbhivyakti jAtI rahI aura aisA lagA ki zailI meM yaha mugaliyA zAna zaukata kI milAvaTa dhIre-dhIre ise avanatonmukha karane lagI. raMgoM kI gaharAI meM bhI parivartana ho gayA. zAMti va komala raMgoM kA prayoga hone lagA-mInAkArI va nakkAzI bar3ha gaI. per3a adhika svAbhAvika banane lage parantu aba phUla pattoM va latAoM kA raMga-biraMgA paridhAna lupta hone lagA. per3a va pattoM meM chAyA va prakAza adhika darzAyA jAne lagA. pAnI ke liye cAMdI kA raMga prayukta hone lagA. jagaha-jagaha maoNDaliMga meM[gar3hana] mugala prabhAva jhalakane lagA. rAtri ke citraNa meM yaha prabhAva atyadhika bar3ha gayA. 18vIM zatI ke anta ke citroM meM raMgoM kI karkazatA va alaMkaraNa kI bahatAyata ne citropama sauMdarya kho diyA. kahIM-kahIM citra apUrNa hI chor3a diye gaye gaye haiM. inameM nAriyoM ke cehare bhArI va beDaula banAe gae haiM. A~kheM ghumAvadAra va lambI, ThuDDI bhArI aura lalATa candana se putA huA. zAyada bUMdI kA dakSiNa se bhI rAjanaitika va sAMskRtika saMbaMdha rahA hogA. isI kAraNa dakSiNI zailI kA bhI prabhAva bUMdI kalama meM dikhAI detA hai. baMdI ke citroM meM 18vIM zatI meM raMga capaTe, prANahIna va badaraMga ho gaye aura dhIre-dhIre zailI kA svAbhAvika sauMdarya jAtA rahA. rAjasthAnI citrakalA meM kizanagar3ha kalama kI dena bejor3a hai. rAjA mAnasiMha [1658-1706] ke samaya se hI kizanagar3ha meM zreSTha kalAkAra pAe jAte haiM. mAnasiMha kI yuvAvasthA kI eka ojapUrNa tasvIra nezanala myUjiyama dillI meM hai. jisa meM vaha ghor3e para savAra haiM va bhaiMse kA zikAra kara rahe haiM. yaha citra 1664 zatI kA hai. isameM auraMgajeba kAlIna mugala kalA kA prabhAva jhalakatA hai. mAnavAkRti meM suphiyAnApana kizanagar3ha kalama meM yahIM se zurU ho gayA thA. 18vIM zatI ke rAjA zeSamala ke zabIha citra meM yaha aura bhI gaharA ho gayA. rAjA ke irda-girda tahajIba va kAyade kAnUna se khar3e hAkima hukkAma, pRSThabhUmi meM dRSTikramAnusAra aMkita jhIla va kilA, prakRti kA svAbhAvika citraNa ina sabameM auraMgajeba va pharrukhasiyara kAla kI kalA kA kAphI prabhAva dikhAI detA hai. bhavAnIdAsa isa samaya kA prasiddha citrakAra thA. rAjA _Jain Edit Dinemorary.org --
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________________ pro0 paramAnanda coyala : rAjasthAnI citrakalA : 667 zeSamala kA suMdara citra isI kalAkAra kI racanA hai. sAvaMtasiMha [kavi nAgarIdAsa ne kAvyaracanA 1723 zatI se hI Arambha kara dI thI. usakI rAdhAsauMdarya kI parAkASThA thI. usakA rUpa alaukika thA phira bhI atyanta laukika. kizanagar3ha kalama ke citeroM ke liye yaha rUpa Adarza bana gayA aura isI samaya se yahAM kI kalA meM eka krAnti-sI utpanna ho gaI. 1735 se 1757 zatI taka kizanagar3ha kalA kA svarNayuga thA jaba ki nihAlacanda ba usase prabhAvita kalAkAra kavi nAgarIdAsa ke kAvya ko sAkAra kara rahe the. rAjasiMha kI kalAbhiruci anya rAjAoM jaisI hI thI- zabIha lagavAnA, darabAra savArI athavA zikAra ke dRzya banavAnA ityAdi. isameM bhI sandeha nahIM ki rAdhAkRSNa kI lIlAoM ke citra rAjasthAna meM usa samaya taka banane lage the, kintu jo bhAvAtmakatA, kalpanA kI sUkSmatA, lAkSaNikatA, mAdakatA, manovaijJAnika nirIkSaNa, dRSTi kA painApana, va mAnavarUpa kI parAkASThA sAMvatasiMha ke samaya meM AI usane sAre rAjasthAna kI kalA meM hI jAgRti kI lahara daur3A dI. usase 18vIM zatI meM vaha citra bane jo vizva kalA kI nidhi bana gae. kavi nAgarIdAsa kI rAdhA, nihAlacanda dvArA citrita baNIThaNI saMsAra prasiddha [citrakAra linArDo DIviMcI] monA liso ke samakSa prAdarapUrvaka rakhI jA sakatI hai. 17vIM zatI meM citrakalA ke kaI kendra ho gaye. mebAr3a, bUMdI. ajamera bIkAnera ityAdi aneka sthAnoM meM zreSTha citra banane lage, Amera va jodhapura meM bhI isa samaya citroM kA itihAsa milatA hai parantu vaha bahuta hI uthalA hai. yahAM ke citra kAphI Arambhika isa samaya dIkha par3ate haiM. 17vIM atI ke anta meM bIkAnera meM mugala zailI se atyanta prabhAvita eka sthAnIya zailI panapatI rahI. isa para dakSiNI zailI kA bhI prabhAva par3A. yahAM kI lambI AkRtiyoM va vizeSa prakAra ke per3a paudhoM va phUla pattI ityAdi ke citraNa se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai. 18vIM zatI meM citroM kI bAr3ha-sI A gaI. eka-eka rAjya yahAM taka ki choTe se choTe ThikAne meM bhI citra zAlAe~ khulane degI. hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM citra banane lage. jayapura, jodhapura, udayapura, bIkAnera ityAdi isake mukhya kendra bana gae. jayapura ke rAsamaMDala ke citra jo pothIkhAne meM saMgrahita haiM, atyanta gatipUrNa haiM. uSNa raMgoM va oja kI aba citroM meM kamI dIkhane lago. DheroM citra bane jinameM se acche citra uMgaliyoM para gine jA sakate haiM. 16vIM zatI meM citroM kI bAr3heM unmAda sI bar3ha gaI. 1850 zatI ke bAda ke citroM meM kalAtmakatA ke sthAna para kevala kArIgarI dikhAI dene lagI va dhIre-dhIre isameM bhI zithilatA Ane lagI. unakI kImata aba bAjAra ke mola tola sI hI raha gaI. 16vIM zatI ke uttarArdha va 20vIM zatI ke Arambha meM prAcIna citroM kI anukRti karane vAle ghaTiyA kisma ke yUropIya citroM va phoTogrAphI se prerita citere yatra tatra bAjAroM meM baiThe dikhAI dene lage. tabhI baMgAla meM zrI avanIndranAtha Taigora ne kalA kA punanirmANa kara samasta bhArata meM jAgRti kI eka naI lahara daur3A dI. rAjasthAna ne bhI usameM apanA yogadAna diyA. zrI zailendra nAtha De kI preraNA se kI rAmagopAla vijayavargIya ne rAjasthAna kI mRtaprAya kalA meM phira se cetanA paidA kI. isa samaya rAjasthAna meM citrakalA ke tIna rUpa pracalita haiM. eka vaha jisake pravartaka paramparAgata kalA ke punanirmANa meM saMlagna haiM. rAmagopAla vijayavargIya, govardhana jozI, rAmanivAsa varmA, devakInandana zarmA Adi isa zailI ke ullekhanIya kalAkAra haiM. dUsare yathArtha zailI meM parIkSaNa karane vAle kalAkAra haiM. zrIbhUrasiMha zekhAvata va zrI bhavAnIcaraNa guI isa zreNI ke smaraNIya kalAkAra haiM. kalA kA tIsarA rUpa vaha hai jisameM Adhunika kalA kI vibhinna pravRttayoM para prayogAtmaka citra banAne vAle kalAkAra Ate haiM. ina paMktiyoM kA lekhaka, zrI Ara. vI. sakhAlakAra, raNajIta siMha va jyotirmAna svarUpa ityAdi isake gine mAne kalAkAra haiM. punarjAgaraNa kA abhI rAjasthAna meM zaizavakAla hI hai. 18vIM va 16vIM zatI kI rAjasthAnI kalA ne vizvakalA meM jo sthAna pAyA usa para AsIna hone ke liye rAjasthAna ko abhI kala kI pratIkSA hai. Jain Education Intemational