Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAjasthAna kI jana kalA zrI agaracanda nAhaTA nAhaToM kI guvADa, bIkAnera (rAja.) jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pahale manuSyoM kA jIvana pazu-pakSiyoM kI taraha ba~dhA-baMdhAyA, rUr3ha yA prAkRtika thA / bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne yuga kI AvazyakatA aura bhAvI vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAoM para dhyAna dekara sabase pahale krAnti kI / jIvana ko naye DhaMga se jInA sikhAyA / apane putra aura putriyoM ko puruSocita bahattara aura striyoM kI 64 vidyAe~ yA kalAe~ sikhAI jinake antargata upayogI lalita kalAoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| ata: kalA ke vikAsa aura prasAra meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA sarvAgraNI sthAna hai| unhoMne apanI putrI brAhmI ko varNamAlA ke akSara sikhAe jisase lekhana kalA kA vikAsa huaa| dUsarI putrI sundarI ko aMka sikhAe jisase gaNita vijJAna vikasita ho sakA / asi, masi, kRSi, zilpa, vANijya Adi jIvanopayogI udyoga sikhaae| usase pahale manuSya bahuta kucha vRkSoM para nirbhara thaa| una vRkSoM ke dvArA sabhI icchita aura Avazyaka vastuoM kI prApti hotI thii| isIliye unheM 'kalpavRkSa' kahA gayA hai| bhavana-nirmANa, kumbhakAra, suthAra Adi kI sabhI kalAe~ RSabhadeva se hI prakAzita aura vikasita huii| vividha rUpoM meM inhIM kA Age calakara adbhuta vikAsa huA / ___ kalA ko deza-kAla, kSetra aura dharma meM vibhAjita karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM; para pratyeka kAla, kSetra, dharma aura saMskRti meM kucha maulika aisI vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM, jisase kalAoM ke adhyayana meM suvidhA ho jAtI hai| isalie yahA~ bhAratIya kalA meM se kSetra kI dRSTi se rAjasthAna, dharma aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se jaina dharma va saMskRti ko pradhAnatA dete hue vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| kalA ke aneka prakAra haiM, unameM se mandira, mUrtikalA aura citrakalAoM ke jainAzrita vividha rUpoM para yahA~ saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA jaayegaa| jaina lekhana-kalA para vistAra se svargIya Agama-prabhAkara muni zrI puNyavijayajI kA gujarAtI meM svatantra grantha prakAzita ho cukA hai| jaina mUrtikalA para DaoN0 umAkAnta zAha ne vizeSa adhyayana karake vistata zodha prabandha likhA hai aura jaina citrakalA para bhI DA. motIcanda Adi ke grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| DaoN. sarayU modI ne bhI citrakalA kA acchA adhyayana kiyA hai para unakA zodha prabandha abhI taka prakAzita huA dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| jaina AgamoM ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 70 varSa bAda kI osiyAM meM jaina mandira aura mUti kA nirmANa haA thA, jisakI pratiSThA pArzvanAtha saMtAnIya ratnaprabhasUri ne kI; para osiyAM kA vartamAna mandira AThavIM zatAbdI se pahale kA nahIM lgtaa| jaina mUrtiyA~ bhI rAjasthAna meM AThavIM zatAbdI se adhika saMkhyA meM milane lagatI haiN| yadyapi paramparA isase pahale kI jarUra rahI hogii| 'vividha-tIrtha-kalpa' Adi granthoM se patA calatA hai ki mAlanagara, sAMcora Adi sthAnoM meM isase kAphI pahale jaina mandira aura mUrtiyA~ bana cukI thiiN| saMvat 835 meM jAlaura meM racita 'kuvalayamAlA' grantha kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki tassa khamAsamaNaguNA NAmeNaM jakkhayatta gaNiNAmo // sIso mahai mahApA Asi tiloe vipayaDajaso // 7 // tassa ya bahuyA sIsA tavavIrI avayajalAddhi saMpaNaja / emmo gujjaradiso jehi kao devahau e hi // 8 //
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ .0 164 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaNTha khaNDa usa samaya gujarAta kA nAma gujarAta nahIM thaa| rAjasthAna ke nAgaura, DIDavAnA, maNDIra, bhInamAla Adi pradeza ko prAcIna lekhoM meM gujarAta ke antargata mAnA jAtA hai / kuvalayamAlA kI prazasti meM Upara uddhRta zloka se pahale yakSadatta ke guru zivacandra gaNi mahattara ke liye likhA hai ki jina vandana ke lie ghUmate hue ve bhInamAla nagara meM rahe, arthAt 8vIM zatAbdI se pahale bhI bhInamAla meM jaina mandira the / saMvata 15 meM nAgaura meM bhojadeva ke rAjya meM racita 'dharmopadeza mAlAvRtti kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki yakSa mahattara ne khaTTaUvaya ( khATU) meM jaina mandira bnvaayaa| kumArapAla caritra' ke anusAra yaha mandira nArAyaNa seTha ne 716 meM mahAvIra bhagavAna kA banavAyA thaa| dharmopadezamAlA prazasti kI gAthAe~ nIce uddhRta kI jA rahI haiM koe viyANI jiNamaMdirANi negANi jeNa gacchANa / desesu bahuvihesu cauhisira saMgha jattANi // nagare sayaM vuccho, yutta vA jAva gujjarattAe / nAgaurAha jiNamaMdirANi jAyANi jeyANi / / vividha tIrtha kalpa ke anusAra sAMcora kA mahAvIra mandira vIra mUrti sthApita kI thI jisakI pratiSThA maMdira banA thA / +++ saMvat 600 meM banAkara pItala kI mahAvIra karane kI thI arthAt vikrama saMvat 130 meM sAMcora kA mahAvIra rAjasthAna ke jaina mandira aura mUrtiyoM kI kalA kA adhyayana davIM zatAbdI se to vidhivat kiyA jA sakatA hai| vIM zatAbdI kI jo pItala kI mUrtiyAM baMsatagar3ha Adi se milI haiM, ve guptakAlIna jaina kalA kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| usI samaya kI eka bhavya dhAtu-mUrti bIkAnera ke citAmaNijI ke maMdira meM bhI hai jo abhI surakSA kI dRSTi se baiMka ke lokarsa meM rakhI huI hai| akabara dvArA sammAnita rAjasthAna ke mahAkavi samayasundara ne saM0 1662 meM gaMgAjI tIrtha stavana banAyA hai jisameM maMDora deza ke gA~dhIjI ke cughelA tAlAba ke khokara nAyaka maMdira ke pIche bhuMvari meM jo mUrtiyA~ saMvat 1662 ke jeTha sudI 11 ko prakaTa huI una 65 pratimAoM kA vivaraNa dete hue likhA hai ki vIra saMvat 203 meM Arya suhastiri dvArA mAgha sudI ko pratiSThita aura saMprati rAjA kArita zveta senA kI pratimA milI hai aura vara saM0 170 meM candragupta kArita aura bhadrabAhu pratiSThita pratimA milI hai / samayasundara ke diye hue vivaraNa kA Avazyaka aMza nIce diyA jA rahA hai : 8 pragaTacaU kharau bhUirau kiNa mA~hi pratimA calI / jeTha sudI 11 solaha vyasar3ha visa prakaTa cau mana ralI // jaise tiDItara vIrathI, saMvat prabala praSTara / padma prabhu pratiSThiyAM, Arya suhastI sUri // mAha tI sudi AThamI, zubha muharata vicAra / e lipi pratimA pUDhe likhI, te yAMcI suvicAra // 8 // arjuna pAsa juhAriyara, arjuna puri siNagAro jii| tIrthaMkara tevIsayau mukti taNau candragupta rAjA thayau, cANikyai dIghau tiNa e biMbabharAviyau sAracA uttama kAMjI jI / / 3a0 // mahAvIra saMvat thakI barasa, sattara sau vIto jI / tiNa samai cavada pUrava dharU, zruta kevalI suvidIto jI // 4 // dAtAro jI // 2a0 // rAjo jI /
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAjasthAna kI jaina kalA 165 ......... .........................................0000000000000veero.. bhadrabAhu sAmI thayA, tiNa kIdhI pratiSTho jii| Aja saphala dina mAharau, te pratimA mai dITho jI // 5 // rAjasthAna meM purAne jaina mandira aba usI rUpa meM nahIM rahe jisa rUpa meM ve bane the, kyoMki jyoM-jyoM mandira jIrNa hote gaye, unakA jIrNoddhAra karate gaye, unakA parivartana va parivarddhana hotA gayA phira bhI kucha aMza purAnA bacA hogA / aba usase prAcIna jaina mandira aura sthApatya kalA ke vikAsa kA sahI citra upasthita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| para mUrtiyA~ jo bhI prApta haiM ve to usI rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| isIlie unake AdhAra para mUrtikalA meM jo vikAsa aura hrAsa huA hai, usa para kalA marmajJoM dvArA acchA prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai| pASANa kI mUrtiyoM meM itanI vividhatA nahIM jitanI jaina dhAtu mUrtiyoM meM pAI jAtI hai| vAstava meM jaina tIrthakaroM kI hI nahIM anya devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI bahuta parivartana dikhAI detA hai| dhAtu kI mUrtiyoM meM tritIrthI, paMcatIrthI, aura caturvizatikA (caubIsa) jaina mUrtiyA~ vividha prakAra kI pAyI jAtI haiM, Age calakara kalA kA hrAsa bhI najara AtA hai| para AThavIM zatAbdI se gyArahavIM, bArahavIM zatAbdI kI mUrtiyA~ bar3I sundara haiN| terahavIM ke bAda se kalA meM hrAsa zurU hotA hai, yahA~ jaina mUrtiyoM ke sambandha meM carcA karane kA avakAza nahIM hai| jaina mandira aura mUrti nirmANa ke sambadha meM jo vAstusAra Adi graMtha pAye jAte haiM unakI apekSA prApta mUtiyoM kI vividhatA bahuta adhika hai| isalie jisa prakAra gujarAtI meM 'gujarAta pratimA vidhAna' nAmaka graMtha nikalA hai, usI taraha rAjasthAna meM tIrthaMkaroM, devI-devatAoM Adi kI mUrtiyoM ke kramika vikAsa kA adhyayana prakAza meM AnA caahie| mUrtiyoM ke alaMkaraNa rUpa meM jo pArzvavartI parikara Adi kI sundara kalA kA vikAsa huA, vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| saubhAgya se jaina dhAtu mUrtiyA~ hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM aba bhI baca pAI haiM aura ve AThavIM zatAbdI se lekara aba taka kI nirantara banI huI acchI saMkhyA meM prApta haiN| vaise to pratyeka mandira meM pASANa mUrtiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha dhAtu mUrtiyAM bhI milatI haiM, para bIkAnera ke cintAmaNi mandira aura mahAvIra mandira ke bhauMyare meM karIba 1350 mUrtiyA~ eka sAtha dekhane ko mila jAtI haiN| inameM se cintAmaNi mandira ke bhauMyare meM jo 1100 pratimAe~ haiM unameM se 1050 to saM0 1635 meM turasamakhAna ne jo sirohI meM lUTa kI thI vahA~ se samrATa akabara ke pAsa gaI aura vahA~ se saM0 1636 meM bIkAnera ke mahArAjA rAyasiMha aura maMtrI karamacanda bacchAvata ke prayatna se yahA~ AI / ina pratimAoM ke lekha hamane bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha meM prakAzita kara diye haiM tathA sAtha hI kucha pratimAoM ke grupa phoTo bhii| isI taraha vedoM ke mahAvIra mandira ke eka gupta sthAna meM 235 dhAtu pratimAe~ surakSita haiM, jinameM se kucha ke hI lekha hama apane saMgraha meM le sake haiN| sirohI meM bhI eka jaina saMgrahAlaya meM kAphI jaina dhAtu mUrtiyoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, para una sabake lekha va phoTo prakAzita na hone se ve kina-kina saMvatoM kI aura kaisI vividhatA vAlI haiM, yaha kahA nahIM jA sakatA / vAstava meM jaina mUrti kalA kA adhyayana kevala pASANa mUrtiyoM dvArA ThIka se nahIM ho sktaa| dhAtu mUrtiyoM kI khUbiyoM aura vividhatA ko kalAtmaka adhyayana ke lie jAnanA bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| kamalAkAra paMkhur3iyoM para aura bIca meM jo eka sundara jaina mUrtiyoM kA puSpa milatA hai vaha khilA huA mUrti puSpa dekhate hI manuSya kA hRdaya-kamala khila uThatA hai| jaina devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM meM pallU se prApta pASANa kI do sarasvatI mUrtiyA~ to vizvavikhyAta ho cukI haiM aura usI taraha kI digambara mandira kI sarasvatI mUrti bahuta hI sundara hai aura lekha yukta hai| jaina mUrtikalA kA eka viziSTa rUpa jIvaMta svAmI kI pratimA hai| prAcIna ullekhoM ke anusAra to mAlavA aura rAjasthAna Adi meM kaI jIvaMta svAmI kI pratimAeM prasiddha va pUjya rahI haiN| ye pratimAeM adhikAMza lupta ho gaI haiM / gujarAta meM jo thor3I-sI jIvaMta svAmI kI pratimAe~ milatI haiM unameM se eka prAcIna dhAtu pratimA bahuta hI bhavya hai| rAjasthAna meM jo pASANa kI vizAla pratimAe~ milI haiM ve madhyakAla kI hone para bhI bahuta hI AkarSaka aura kalApUrNa haiM / unameM se nAgaura ke nikaTavartI khIMvasara se prApta jIvaMta svAmI kI lekha yukta pratimA to aba jodhapura ke jainakakSa kI zobhA bar3hA rahI hai| para abhI-abhI osiyAM ke mahAvIra mandira meM khaNDita jIvaMta svAmI kI tIna
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaSTha khaNDa -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-...pratimAe~ milI haiM, ve bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| unameM se eka ke Upara 11vIM zatAbdI kA lekha bhI khudA huA hai| ina pratimAoM kA vivaraNa jaina siddhAnta bhAskara 1674 ke aMka meM mArutinandana prasAda tivArI ke lekha meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| jaina mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI kalA ke sambandha meM prastuta lekha meM thor3A-sA saMketa kara diyA hai / AbU aura rANakapura Adi ke mandira to vizvavikhyAta haiM / para isa zailI aura koranI vAle jaina mandira bhI kaI haiN| jaisalamera ke jaina mandira bhI sthAnIya pIle pASANa ke sundara haiM tathA kArIgarI va koranI ke pratIka haiN| kaI mandiroM meM dvAra to bahuta hI kalApUrNa hai tathA kaiyoM ke khambhe, chateM bArIka, koraNI aura sundara ke utkRSTa namUne haiM / musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa se bahuta se prAcIna va kalApUrNa mandira aura mUrtiyoM kA bhayaMkara vinAza hone para bhI jaina sagha kI mahAna bhakti, kalApriyatA ke kAraNa bahuta se mandira va mUrtiyA~ surakSita raha sakIM va samaya-samaya para jIrNoddhAra hotA rahA hai / isIlie hindU mandira aura mUrtiyoM kI apekSA jainoM kI saMkhyA kama hone para bhI jaina mandira aura mUrtiyA~ adhika surakSita raha sakI haiN| inake dvArA hama kevala prAcIna kalA kI hI jAnakArI nahIM pAte para sAtha hI samaya-samaya para janatA kI lokapriyatA meM jo naye-naye mor3a Aye, unakI bhI acchI jAnakArI prApta kara sakate haiN| kaI jaina mandiroM meM kAMca kA kAma va kaiyoM meM citrakalA Adi aneka taraha ke kalAprema kA digdarzana mila jAtA hai| aba hama citrakalA ke vikAsa va saMrakSaNa meM jo rAjasthAna ke jaina samAja kA bahuta bar3A yoga rahA hai usakA saMkSipta paricaya dene jA rahe haiN| bhAratIya citrakalA ke prAcIna namUne guphAoM Adi meM milate haiN| rAjasthAna meM aisI prAcIna guphAe~, jinameM sundara citra aMkita hoM, nahIM pAyI jaatii| isalie hama rAjasthAna kI jaina citrakalA kA prArambha kASThapaTTikAoM aura tAr3apatrIya pratiyoM se karate haiM, jo sarvAdhika jesalamera ke jinabhadrasUri jJAna bhaNDAra meM surakSita haiN| sacitra kASTapaTTikAoM sambandhI eka grantha 'jaisalamera nI citra samRddhi' sArAbhAI navAba ahamadAbAda ne prakAzita kiyA hai| rAjasthAna kI lalita kalA akAdamI kI patrikA 'AkRti' aprela 75 ke aMka meM merA eka lekha 'jaisalamera meM surakSita citrakalA kI sAmagrI' zIrSaka se prakAzita huA hai| vAstava meM sabase prAcIna sacitra kASTha-paTTikAe~ va tAr3apatrIya pratiyA~ jaisalamera ke bar3A graMtha bhaNDAra kI amUlya nidhi haiM / jaina citrakalA ke prApta upAdAnoM meM 12vIM zatAbdI' se kASThapa TikAoM vAle citra bahuta ullekhanIya haiN| yadyapi kaI sacitra kASThapaTTiAkAeM isase pahale kI bhI ho sakatI haiM para jinakA samaya nizcita hai unake sambandha meM maiMne carcA kI hai| saMvat 1666 meM jaba maiM prathama bAra jaisalamera ke bhaNDAroM ko dekhane gayA to maiMne eka lakar3I kI peTI meM bahuta-sI TUTI huI tAr3apatrIya pratiyoM ke Tukar3e dekhe jinakI lipi 8vIM se 10vIM zatAbdI taka kI thii| para dUsarI bAra jAne para ve saba Tukar3e gAyaba ho gye| kucha to kaI vyakti uThAkara le gaye aura kucha kacarA samajha kara pheMka diye gye| Aja jaisalamera kI prAcInatama tAr3apatrIya prati 'vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya' kI ekamAtra baca pAI hai jo vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kI mAnI gaI hai| aisI aura isase pahale kI kaI pratiyA~ vahA~ thiiN| tAr3apatrIya pratiyoM ke donoM aura kASTha kI paTTikAe~ lagAI jAtI haiM / isalie una prAcIna pratiyoM ke sAtha vAlI kucha sacitra paTTikAe~ bhI hoMgI, unameM se kucha hI paTTikAe~ Aja bhI baca pAI haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se kucha sacitra kASTha phalaka prApta haiM, unameM se zAyada sabase prAcIna hamAre saMgraha meM hai jisameM somacandra Adi kA nAma unake citra ke sAtha likhA huA hai| jinadatta sUri kA dIkSA nAma somacandra thA aura unhIM kA isa paTTikA meM citra hai isalie yaha paTTikA nizcita rUpa se sambat 1166 ke pahale kI hai kyoMki 1166 meM somacandra ko cittaur3a meM AcArya pada dekara jinadatta sUri nAma ghoSita kara diyA gayA thaa| inake guru mahAna vidvAna jinavallabha 1. isa lekha meM zatAbdiyoM kA ullekha vikrama kI zatAbdI ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai|
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAjasthAna kI jana kalA -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. sUri kI citra vAlI eka paTTikA prApta hai aura jinadatta sUri kI to anya do-tIna paTTikAe~ aura bhI prApta haiM jinameM se eka tribhuvana giri vAle rAjA kumArapAla kA bhI AcArya zrI kI bhakti karate hue citra aMkita hai| yaha paTTikA jaisalamera ke thAharU sAra bhaMDAra meM rakhI huI hai| jinadatta sUri kA dUsarI eka paTTikA kA citra muni jinavijayajI ne prakAzita kiyA thaa| usI se lekara hamane apane yuga pradhAna jinadatta sUri pustaka meM chapavAyA thaa| zrI jinadattamUri ke citravAlI paTTikAoM kA varNana mere bhrAtRputra bhaMvaralAla ne maNidhArI jinacandra sari aSTama zatAbdI graMtha meM prakAzita kara diyA hai| cAra paTTikAoM ke citra bhI isa graMtha meM chapavA diye gaye haiN| 12vIM zatAbdI kI hI eka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa paTTikA vAdidevasUri kI jaisalamera bhaNDAra meM thI jise muni jinavijaya jI le aaye| pahale to maiMne usa paTTikA ko bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI meM dekhI thI, usake bAda kalakattA meM cunnIlAlajI navalakhA ke pAsa dekhii| isa kalApUrNa citra paTTikA ke raMgIna zloka bhAratIya vidyAbhavana se chape the / vAstava meM isake citra bahuta hI bhavya evaM AkarSaka haiM / tADapatrIya sacitra pratiyA~ bhI jaisalamera bhaNDAra meM kaI haiN| citrita tAr3apatra aura bhI kaI dekhane ko mile jinameM se 'kalpasUtra' kA eka patrIya citra hamAre kalAbhavana meM bhI haiN| eka citra harisAgara sUri jJAna bhaNDAra meM bhI dekhA thA, isI bhaNDAra meM eka sacitra kASThapaTTikA bhI surakSita hai| kAgaja kI pratiyA~ bhI sabase purAnI jaisalamera meM hI milatI haiM jinameM se 13vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha kI 'dhvanyAloka locana' kA blAka muni jinavijaya jI ne prakAzita karavAyA thaa| usakI prazasti to hamane apane maNidhArI jinacandra mUrigraMtha meM prakAzita kI thii| yaha prati muni jinavijaya jaisalamera se lAye the| abhI rAjasthAna vidyA pratiSThAna jodhapura meM pradazita hai| kAgaja kI sacitra pratiyA~ 18vIM zatAbdI se adhika milane lagatI haiN| aisI pratiyoM meM mevAr3a citrita 'supAsanAhacariya' kI prati vizeSa apa se ullekhanIya hai, kyoMki usameM kAphI citra haiM aura prazasti meM saMvat va sthAna donoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai| 15vIM zatAbdI kI hI eka aura sacitra pANDava caritra kI prati hameM jodhapura kezariyAnAtha bhaNDAra meM dekhane ko milI jisakA sacitra paricaya hama prakAzita kara cuke haiN| isI zatAbdI ke likhe kaI kalpasUtra dekhane meM Aye jisakI eka prati hamAre saMgraha meM bhI hai / 16vIM zatAbdI meM kalpasUtra aura kAlikAcArya kathA kI saikar3oM sacitra aura svarNAkSarI tathA viziSTa borDara vAlI pratiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| rAjasthAna ke digambara zAstra bhaNDAroM meM 15vIM zatAbdI kA sacitra AdipurANa prApta huA hai| isake bAda to jaina granthoM kI sacitra pratiyA~ khUba taiyAra huii| apabhraMza citrakalA ke sarvAdhika upAdAna jaina sacitra grantha paTTikAoM meM hI surakSita hai| pahale haladiyA raMga kA adhika pracAra thaa| vaha raMga itanA pakkA aura acchA banatA thA ki sAta sau ATha sau varSa pahale kI paTTikAe~ Aja bhI tAjI najara AtI haiN| isake bAda lAla, hare raMga, sunaharI, syAhI kA citra banAne meM adhika upayoga kiyA jAne lagA, isase citroM kI sundaratA bar3ha gaI aura AkRtiyoM kI bArIkI bhI bar3ha gii| vaise to apabhraMza citrakalA kA prabhAva 17vIM zatAbdI kI pratiyoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai para vaha kevala anukaraNa mAtra-sA hai| 17vIM zatAbdI se jaina citrakalA ne eka nayA mor3a liyaa| samrATa akabara se jainAcAryoM aura muniyoM kA samparka bar3hA, vaha jahA~gIra aura zAhajahA~ taka claa| isaliye mugala citrakalA meM bhI jaina graMtha vijJapti-patra Adi citrita kiye jAne lge| sacitra vijJapti patroM kI paramparA vijayasenasUri vAle patra se zurU hotI hai| isI taraha zAlibhadra caupAI bhI citrita kI gii| 17vIM zatAbdI se hI saMgrahakalA Adi jaina bhaugolika granthoM ke sacitra saMskaraNa taiyAra hone lge| isase jaina citrakalA kA eka nayA mor3a prArambha huA, jisameM kevala vyakti citra hI nahIM, bhaugolika citra bhI banAye jAne lge| yahA~ 15vIM se 17vIM zatAbdI ke sacitra vastra paTToM kA bhI ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai| vastra para likhe hue grantha 14vIM zatAbdI se milane prArambha hote haiM para sacitra vastra paTTa 15vIM zatAbdI se hI milane lagate haiN| sabase prAcIna sacitra vastra paTTa bhI hamAre zrI zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalAbhavana meM hI hai| yaha pArzvanAtha yaMtra taMtra vAlA paTTa
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ -0 168 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaSTha khaNDa 12vIM zatI ke prArambha kA hI hai, kyoMki isa vastrapaTTa ke nIce jo AcAryathI kA citra hai unakA samaya saMvat 1400 ke AsapAsa kA hai| isa samaya vastra paTTa ke Upara donoM ora pArzva meM yakSa aura padmAvatI devI ke sundara citra haiN| bIca meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke mantra likhe hue haiM aura nIce AcArya citra hai / AkAra meM bhI yaha kAphI bar3A hai / ye paTTa pUjita rahe haiM / 12vIM zatAbdI kA hI eka choTA vastra paTTa hamAre saMgraha meM hai, jo pahale vAle kI apekSA adhika surakSita hai, jisameM apabhraMza zailI ke sundara citra haiN| isa taraha ke kaI vastra paTTa 15vIM ke uttarArddha ke hamAre dekhane meM Aye haiM, jinameM se eka bar3e paTTa kA phoTo hamAre saMgraha meM hai| bahumUlya sacitra vastra paTTa laMdana ke myujiyama meM pradarzita hai| kucha vastrapaTTa jaina tIthoM ke citra vAle bhI dekhane ko mile, jinase usa samaya una tIyoM ko sahI sthiti kA paricaya mila jAtA hai aura dRzya sAmane A jAtA hai| tIrtha yAtrA kA eka mahattvapUrNa jaisalamera meM citrita kiyA huA vastra paTTa abhI jayapura ke kharataragaccha jJAna bhaNDAra meM dekhane ko milaa| isI prakAra sUrimantra paTTa, varddhamAna vidyA paTTa, RSimaNDala mantra paTTa, vijaya mantra paTTa, pArzvanAtha mantragarbhita paTTa Adi anekoM prakAra ke prAcIna vastra paTTa prApta hote haiM aura Aja bhI aise vastra paTTa banate haiM / jaina tI sambandhI kaI bar3e-bar3e vastra paTTa gata do aDhAI sau varSoM meM bane haiM unameM se eka zatruMjaya tIrtha kA bar3A paTT mere saMgraha meM bhI hai| vaise prAyaH sabhI bar3e mandiroM aura upAsaroM meM zatru jayatIrtha ke paTTa pAye jAte haiM kyoMki caitrI pUrNimA Adi ke dina una paTToM ke sAmane tIrtha vandana karane kI prAcIna praNAlI jaina samAja meM calI rahI hai| maiMne kucha bar3e-bar3e paTTa aise dekhe haiM jinameM kaI tIrthoM kA eka sAtha citraNa huA hai| ina paTToM se usa samaya una tIrthoM kI kyA sthiti thI, yaha pUrNatayA spaSTa ho jAtA hai / mantra-tantra Adi ke paTToM kI taraha bhaugolika vastra paTTa bhI 15vIM zatAbdI ke barAbara banate rahe haiM jinameM jambUdvIpa, aDhAI dvIpa aura anya dvIpa samudroM tathA 14 rAjUloka ke paTTa vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / unameM se kaI paTTa to bahuta bar3e bar3e banAye gaye jinameM devaloka, manuSyaloka, narakaloka ina tInoM lokoM dvIpa, samudroM ke sAtha aneka pazu-pakSiyoM, macchI-maccha Adi janavara jIvoM devatAoM aura deva-vimAnoM Adi ke choTe-choTe saikar3oM citra pAye jAte haiM / eka taraha se jaina bhaugolika mAnyatAoM ko jAnane ke lie ve sacitra elabama ke samAna haiN| hamAre kalAbhavana meM naye, purAne aneka prakAra ke vastra paTTa saMgrahIta hai aura bIkAnera tathA anya rAjasthAna ke jaina bhaNDAroM meM sacitra vastra kAphI saMkhyA meM prApta haiN| inameM vividhatA kA aMkana hai aura raMgoM Adi kI vaividhyatA bhI pAI jAtI hai| aise hI kucha bhaugolika aura taMtra mantra ke paTTa kAgaja para bhI citrita kiye hue prApta haiN| vAstava aise citroM kI eka lambI paramparA rahI hai aura isa para eka sacitra svatantra pustaka pustaka bhI likhI jA sakatI hai| digambara samAja meM aise vastra paTToM ko bhAMDaNa' kahate haiM aura ve mAMDaNa Aja bhI aneka prakAra ke banate haiM aura unakA pUjA-vidhAna pracalita hai / paTTa bhitti citra bhI rAjasthAna ke aneka jaina mandiroM, upAsaroM Adi meM prApta haiN| para prAcIna bhitti citra 'bahuta se kharAba ho gaye haiM, isalie ina para putAI yA kalI Adi karake naye citra banA diye gaye, phira bhI 200-300 varSoM ke to bhiti-citra kaI jaMga mandiroM meM pAye jAte haiN| ina citroM meM tIrthaMkara kA janmAbhiSeka, samavasaraNa rathayAtrA, topoM aura jaina mahApuruSoM ke jIvana sambandhI saikar3oM prakAra ke citra pAye jAte haiM aura yaha paramparA Aja kI cAlU hai / bIkAnera ke kaI mandiroM meM 200 varSoM taka ke bhitti citra surakSita haiM, jinameM kucha aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI bar3e mahattva ke hai| yahA~ gaur3I pArzvanAtha mandira meM sammeda zikhara Adi ke atirikta jainAcAryo, yogI jJAnasAra, kaI bhakta Avaka janoM Adi ke citra prApta hue haiN| bhAMDAsarajI ke mandira meM gumbaja aura nIce kI golAI meM bIkAnera ke vijJapti - patra Adi aneka mahattvapUrNa citra haiN| boroM ke serI ke mahAvIra mandira meM to 25-30 varSa pahale citrita bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 27 bhava aura aneka jaina kathAnakoM ke citroM se tInoM ora kI dIvAreM bharI huI hai| dAdAvAdiyoM meM thI jinadatta
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ +++ rAjasthAna kI jaina kalA sUri jinakuzalasUra, jinacandrasUri ke jIvanI sambandhI anekoM viSa tInoM ora kI dIvAroM para kAphI saMkhyA meM batAye jAte haiM / bIkAnera ke sabase prAcIna cintAmaNi ke mandira meM dAdAjI kI deharI hai, usameM tathA udarAmasara Adi kI dAdAbAr3iyoM meM bhitticitra hai, para sabase adhika citra rela dAdAbAr3I meM mere bar3e bhrAtA mevarAjajI kI dekharekha meM banAye gaye haiN| dAdAvAr3iyoM ke citroM kI eka alaga paramparA hai| ajamera Adi aneka jaina dAdAvAr3iyoM meM mUla gumbhora yA bAhara ke maNDapa meM dAdAjI kI jIvanI sambandhI anekoM bhitti citra dekhane ko milate haiM / 166 vyakti citra aura pratIka citra bhI jaina samAja ne hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM banAye haiM / vyakti citroM meM sabase pahale tIrthakaroM, AcAyoM, dhAvakoM ke citra ullekhanIya haiN| tIrthakara citroM meM RSabhadeva neminAtha, pArasanAtha, mahAvIra aura unameM bhI sabase adhika pArasanAtha ke sundara citra prApta haiM / pArasanAtha ke sAta nAgaphana hI nahIM, sahasroM nAgaphanoM bAlI mUrtiyoM kI taraha citra bhI milate haiM jinameM kamaTha kA upasarga, vizAla sarpa aura dharamaMndra tathA padamAvatI citrita bhI kiye gaye haiN| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke saMyukta citra bhI milate haiM aura alaga-alaga bhI; jinameM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke varNa, lAMchana Adi kI bhinnatA rahatI hai| aise eka-eka tIrthaMkara ke citroM kA saMyukta elabama caubIsI kahalAtI hai| pratidina bhaktagaNa apane gharoM meM ina caubIsoM ke darzana karate the| isalie saikar3oM sacitra caubIsiyA~ banAI gaI jinameM se kucha to malA kI dRSTi se bahuta sundara hai| jisa prakAra pratyeka rAjya meM vahA~ ke zAsakoM kI citrAvalI banAI gaI usI taraha jainoM ke gacchapati, AcAryoM, viziSTa muniyoM, patiyoM kI citrAvalI banAne kI eka paramparA rahI hai| kharataragaccha ke kaI AcAyoM Adi ke citra hamane apane aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha Adi granthoM meM prakAzita karavAye haiN| kaI aprakAzita citra bhI hamane dekhe haiM aura kucha hamAre saMgraha meM bhI haiN| hamAre kalA bhavana meM jinadattasUri ke paMcanadI sAdhana, lokAgaccha ke AcArya va jJAnasAgarajI, kSamAyAjI, jayakItiyoM Adi ke aitihAsika cipa hai| isI taraha jaina dhAyakoM meM karmacanda bacchAvata, amaracanda surANA Adi ke citra haiM / pratIka citroM meM lekhA, madhubindu RSimaNDala tathA pUjya citroM meM navapada siddhacakra, sarvatobhadra, hrIMkAra Adi ke pratIka citra ullekhanIya haiN| inameM se siddhacakra vAle citroM meM to motI jar3e hue bhI prApta haiM / pratIka citroM meM bhaugolika citroM ke atirikta nArakI ke citra vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| jaina dharmAnusAra ghora pApa karane vAle naraka meM utpanna hote haiN| unameM se kauna se pApa karane vAle ko kisa taraha kA dAruNa duHkha narakaloka meM bhoganA par3atA hai| isa bAta ko sarvasAdhAraNa ke hRdaya taka pahu~cAkara una pApoM se virata karane ke lie anekoM prakAra ke citra banavAye gye| isI taraha pA~ca meru parvata, kaI tIrthoM, dvIpa, samudroM Adi ke pratIka citra banAye gaye jinase jaina mAnyatAoM kI sacitra jAnakArI sabako sulabha ho ske| hastalikhita pratiyoM meM citra banAne ke sAtha-sAtha ina pratiyoM ko surakSita rakhane ke lie jo puTThe va dAvar3e banAye gaye unameM tathA likhane ke kAma meM Ane vAle kalamadAna Adi meM bhI citra banAye jAte rahe haiM / dAbar3e aura puTThe tathA kalamadAna adhikatara puTThe ke banAye jAte haiN| raddI kAgajoM ko pAnI meM galAkara kUTakara gatte jaise banAye jAte haiM / unake puTThe hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM bane aura unameM se kaiyoM para tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtA ke caudaha svapna, aSTa maMgalIka neminAtha kI bArAta, madhuvindu, ilAcIkumAra kA nATaka, phUla, bela, pattiyA~ Adi aneka prakAra ke citra banAye gaye / hamAre saMgraha meM aise pacAsoM puTThe haiN| jinameM se eka puTThA karIba sAr3he tIna sau varSa purAnA hai| eka puTThe para camar3A lagAkara bela-bUTiyoM kA sundara kAma kiyA puTThe ke kalamadAna para sundara citrakArI hamAre vastueM citrita aura kArIgarI vAlI pAI jAtI haiN| lakar3I kI peTiyoM para va paTTiyoM para sundara citra hamAre huA hai| kaI bAgar3e bhI bahuta saMgraha meM hai / yahA~ puTThe ke hAthI, kalApUrNa banAye gaye haiM aura eka mandira Adi aneka prakAra kI saMgraha meM hai| rAjasthAna kI jaina citrakalA kI abhI taka vidvAnoM ko sahI jAnakArI nahIM hai kyoMki isa sambandha meM jo bhI .
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 170 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaSTha khaNDa kAma huA hai vaha gujarAta va gujarAtI bhASA meM adhika huA hai yA kucha graMtha va lekha aMgrejI bhASA meM nikale haiN| isase hindI kSetra meM va rAjasthAna ke nivAsiyoM ko jaina citra kalA kI vAstavika jAnakArI va mahattva vidita nahIM hai| isa dRSTi se kucha vizeSa bAteM sUcita kara denA Avazyaka samajhatA huuN| apabhraMza citrakalA kI paramparA jaina samAja meM aba taka calI A rahI hai, yadyapi eka cazma, Der3ha cazma Adi laghu citra zailI meM kAphI antara A gayA hai phira bhI mugala paramparA kA anya citra zailiyoM para jo prabhAva par3A utanA jaina citra zalI para nahIM pdd'aa| jainoM kI apanI eka viziSTa paramparA rahI hai / ata: sthAnIya vizeSatAoM ke sAthasAtha jaina citrakalA khuba phalI-phUlI / 17vIM zatAbdI meM samrATa akabara, jahA~gIra aura zAhajahA~ ke samaya meM citrakalA kA khUba vikAsa huaa| isI kAla meM jainoM ke sacitra vijJapti patra kA vikAsa prArambha hotA hai| isI taraha saMgraha Adi bhaugolika graMtha tathA aneka carita kAvya sacitra rUpa meM likhe gye| zAhI citrakAroM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gyaa| vijayasenasUri vAlA sacitra vijJapti lekha aura dhannA-zAlibhadra caupAI kI prApta prati zAhI citrakAra zAlIvAhana Adi ke dvArA citrita haiN| 19vIM zatAbdI meM zithilAcArI jaina yatiyoM se mathena nAmaka eka jAti niklii| kahA jAtA hai ki saM0 1613 meM samrATa akabara pratibodhaka yugapradhAna vinayacandra sUri bIkAnera Aye aura yahA~ ke mantrI saMgrAmasiMha bacchAvata kI preraNA aura sahayoga se kriyAuddhAra kiyaa| taba yahA~ ke upAzrayoM meM zithilAcArI yati rahate the| unameM se jinhoMne zuddha sAdhu-AcAra ko apanAyA ve to sUrijI ke sAtha ho gaye aura jo loga jaina sAdhu ke kaThina AcAroM ko pAlane meM asamartha rahe ve gRhastha ho gaye / unakI AjIvikA ke lie unheM vaMzAvalI lekhana, pratiyoM kI pratilipi karanA, citra banAne Adi kA kAma karane ke lie, protsAhita kiyA gyaa| unakI jAti matheNa, jise mahAtmA, matheNa bhI kahate haiM, kAyama huI / aThArahavIM aura unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM mathenoM meM kaI vidvAna granthakAra, kavi hue aura bahuta se vyakti pratilipiyA~ karake aura kucha citrakArI karake apanI AjIvikA calAte the| bIkAnera ke sAhitya aura kalA premI mahArAjA anupasiha ke Azraya meM aise kaI matheNa sAhityakAra aura pratilipikAra hue haiM jinakI likhI huI saikar3oM hastalikhita pratiyA~ aura race hue grantha anUpa saMskRta lAyabrerI meM saMgrahIta haiN| matheNa jAti ke aneka citrakAroM ke citrita jaina-janetara grantha kAphI saMkhyA meM jaina-janetara bhaNDAroM meM prApta haiN| unakI apanI eka alaga citra zailI bana gaI jinameM saikar3oM caubIsiyA~ aneka phuTakara citra aura bahuta sI rAsa-caupAI Adi caritra kAvyoM kI pratiyA~ prApta haiN| inameM eka-eka prati meM dasa, bIsa, pacAsa aura assI, sau taka vividha bhAvoM vAle citra pAye jAte haiM / anUpa saMskRta lAyabrerI meM to rAjasthAnI bAtAM Adi kI kaI sacitra pratiyA~ matheNoM kI citrita kI huI prApta haiM aura hamAre kalAbhavana meM bhI candanamalayAgirI, zAlibhadra caupAI aura DholA mArU kI bAta Adi prApta hai / jodhapura, jayapura, pIpAr3a, Adi aneka sthAnoM meM mathenoM ke citrita kiye hue bahata se jana-janetara graMtha mere dekhane meM Aye haiM / choTI-moTI aneka caubIsiyA~ bhI hamAre saMgraha meM haiN| mathenoM ke atirikta aura bhI kaI pezevara jAtiyoM aura vyaktiyoM ko jainoM ne kAphI Azraya diyaa| jayapura ke eka citrakAra ko murzidAbAda aura kalakatte meM bulAkara bar3e-bar3e vizAla citra banAye gye| kalakatte ke zvetAmbara paMcAyatI mandira, badrIdAsajI Adi ke mandira meM jayapura ke citrakAra ke banAye hue citra Aja bhI bane hue haiM / bIkAnera ke kSamA-kalyANa jJAna bhaNDAra meM do kalpasUtra kI bahuta sundara sacitra pratiyA~ jayapurI citrakAroM kI citrita haiN| bIkAnera, bhAMDAsara aura mahAvIrajI ke mandira meM ustAda himAzuddIna ke banAye hue zatAdhika bhitticitra haiM / jayapura ke citrakAroM se Aja bhI jaina kalpasUtra Adi ke citra svarNakSarA pratiyoM meM banavAkara gujarAta Adi meM bheje jAte haiM / isa taraha rAjasthAna kI citrakalA ke vikAsa evaM samRddhi meM jainoM kA bahuta bar3A yogadAna hai| jodhapura, udayapura, sirohI Adi ke anekoM sacitra vijJapti citra vahIM ke kalAkAroM se jaina-samAja ne citrita karavAye / jayapura kA sacitra vijJapti patra ajImagaMja phuNcaa| isa taraha rAjasthAna kI jaina citrakalA kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra huaa|