Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAjasthAna ke zilAlekhoM kA vargIkaraNa DaoN. rAmavallabha somAnI itihAsakI sAdhana sAmagrImeM zilAlekhoMkA sthAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| rAjasthAnameM mauryakAlase hI lekara bar3I saMkhyAmeM zilAlekha milate haiM / inako moTe rUpase nimnAMkita bhAgoMmeM bA~Ta sakate haiM : 1. smAraka lekha 2. stambha lekha 3. prazastiyA~ 4. tAmrapatra 5. suraTTa va anya dhArmika lekha 6. mUrti lekha 7. anya smAraka lekhoMmeM mukhya rUpase ve lekha hai jinheM ghaTanA vizeSako cirasthAyI banAne ke lie lagAye jAte hai| rAjasthAnameM "maraNe maMgala hoya"kI bhAvanA bar3I balavatI rahI hai| yuddha meM mRta vIroMko mukti milanekA ullekha milatA hai| rAjasthAnake sAhityameM isa prakArake saikar3oM padya aura gIta upalabdha haiM kintu zilAlekhoMmeM bhI isa sambandhameM sAmagrI milatI hai| vi0 saM0 1530ke DUMgarapura ke sUrajapolake lekhameM ullekha hai ki jaba sultAna gayAsuddIna khilajIkI senAne dUMgarapurapara AkramaNa kiyA taba zatruoMse lohA letA huA rAtiyA kAliyAne vIragati prApta kara sAyujya mukti prApta kii| lekhameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki svAmIkI AjJA na hote hue bhI kuladharmakI pAlanA karatA huA vaha kAma AyA / isa prakAra dezabhaktise ota-prota rAjasthAnI janajIvana eka anupama udAharaNa prastuta karatA AyA hai| hamAre rAjasthAna ke smAraka lekhoMmeM isI prakArake lekha hai jinheM mukhyarUpase isa prakAra bA~Ta sakate haiM :-(1) satiyoM ke lekha (2) jhaMjhAra lekha (3) govarddhana lekha (4) anya Adi / satiyoMke lekha rAjasthAnameM bar3I saMkhyAmeM mile haiN| ye lekha prAyaH eka zilApara khude rahate haiN| isake Uparake bhAgameM saraja. cA~da bane rahate haiN| mata paruSa aura satI honevAlI nArI yA nAriyoMkA aMkana bhI barAbara hotA hai / kaI bAra puruSa ghor3epara savAra bhI batalAyA gayA hai / 13vIM zatAbdI takake lekhoMmeM puruSoMke dAr3hI Adi usa kAlakI viziSTa pahinAvAkI ora dhyAna aMgita karate haiN| ina lekhoMke prArUpameM mukhya bAta mRta puruSakA nAma gotra Adi evaM satI honevAlI strIkA ullekha hotA hai / satI zabdakA prayoga prArambhameM nahIM hotA thA kevala "upagatA" zabda yA isase samakakSa anya zabda hotA thaa| kAlAntarameM satI zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ina lekhoMko "devalI saMjJaka" bhI kahA jAtA rahA hai| 16vIM zatAbdI aura usake bAdake uttarI rAjasthAnake lekhoMmeM prArambhameM gaNapatikI vandanA, bAdameM jyotiSake anusAra saMvat, mAsa, tithi, vAra, nakSatra, pala AdikA vistArase ullekha milatA hai| 1. ojhA-DUMgarapura rAjyakA itihAsa / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 123
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAjasthAnase prApta satiyoMkA sabase prAcIna lekha saM0 106kA puSkarase milA huA lekha thaa| isa lekhakA ullekha zrI harabilAsajI zAradAne kiyA thaa| yaha lekha aba ajJAta hai| sambhavataH ojhAjIne bhI ise nahIM dekhA hai ataeva isa sambandhameM kucha nizcita tathyAtmaka bAta nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| aba taka jJAta lekhoMmeM saM0 743, 745 aura 749 ke choTI khATUke lekha ullekhanIya haiN| ina lekhoMko DI0 Ara0 bhaNDArakara mahodayane prathama bAra dekhA thA aura sArAMza prakAzita karAyA thaa| ye tInoM lekha laghu lekha haiN| saM0 743 ke lekhameM "uvaraka patnI gaddhiNI devI upagatA' varNita hai| dholapurake caNDamahAsenake vistRta lekhameM isukake putra mahiSarAmakI strI kaNDulA, jo satI huI thI, kI mRtyukA ullekha hai / osiyAMse saM0 895, ghaTiyAlese saM0 943, 947 aura 1042 ke satIke lekha mile haiN| bIkAnerake khIdasarake ku~eke pAsase saM0 1020 kA satIkA lekha milA hai| ina prArambhika satIke lekhoMmeM pati aura patnIkI mRtyukA ullekha mAtra hai| saM0 945 ke ghaTiyAleke pratihAra rANukake lekhameM patikI mRtyukA lekha alaga hai aura patnIkI mRtyukA alg| aisA lagatA hai ki donoMke lie alaga-alaga devaliyAM banAyI gayI thiiN| berAsara bIkAnera) ke saM0 1161 ke lekhameM "suhAgu rASasaNa" zabda aMkita hai| isase spaSTa hai ki patiko mRtyu ke bAda vaidhavya du.khase pIr3ita na hokara patike sAtha hI satI hone kA saMketa hai| ghaDAva (jodhapurake samIpa) saM0 1180 ke 3 zilAlekha mile haiM jinameM guhila vaMzI hurajAkI mRtyukA ullekha hai evaM kaI striyoMke satI honekA alagaalaga lekhoMmeM ullekha hai / isI samayake vi0 saM0 1212ke maMDorake lekhameM eka lekhameM kaI striyoMke satI honekA ullekha hai| ataeva isa sambandhameM koI nizcita nIti nahIM apanAyI gayI pratIta hotI hai| 13vIM zatAbdIse "devalI banAne" kA ullekha bhI zilAlekhoMmeM kiyA jAtA rahA hai| vi0 saM0 1239 ke kecalladevIke gar3ha (alavara) ke lekhameM rANI kecaladevIkI mUrti banAnekA ullekha hai| sAmAnyataH usa samayataka lekhoMmeM satI zabdake sAtha "kASTArohaNa" karanA ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| kevalasarake vi0 saM0 1328 ke lekha meM sAMkhalA kamalasIke sAtha usakI patnI pUnamadekA kASTArohaNa karanA vaNita hai / vi0 saM0 1348 ke chAparake lekhameM bhI ullekha kiyA hai| vi0 saM0 1330 kA bIThakA lekha mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM mAravAr3ameM rAThauDa rAjyake saMsthApaka rAva sIhAkI mRtyu aura usakI strI solaMkinI pArvatIkA sahagamana karanA varNita hai| jaisalamera / lekha zrI agaracaMdajI nAhaTAne par3e parizramase ikaTTha kiye haiN| ina lekhoMmeM bhaTrika saMvat kA prayoga ho rahA hai| vi0 saM0 1418 aura bhaTrika saM0 738 ke ghaDasiMhake lekhameM usakI rANiyoMke sahagamana karanekA hI ullekha hai| 16vIM zatAbdIse vahA~ke lekhoMmeM bhI sata ullekha huA hai| saM0 1680ke mahArAvala kalyANadAsakI mRtyupara 2 satiyA~ honekA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ina lekhoMmeM devalIke lie lohaTI zabdakA bhI prayoga haA hai| saM0 1418 ke rAvala ghaDasiMhake eka lekhameM lohaTI (devalI) ko mahArAvala kesarI dvArA pratiSThApita karAnekA ullekha hai| saM0 1309 ke curU jileke huDerA grAmase prApta eka lekhameM "sata car3hanA" likhA hai| yaha lekha zrI govinda agravAlane saMgRhIta kiyA hai| kuMbhAsarake saM0 1669 ke lekhameM mA~ kA putrake sAtha satI honA varNita hai / isI prakArake bIkAnera kSetrase aura bhI lekha mile haiN| inase pratIta hotA hai ki mA~ putrake snehake kAraNa usakI mRtyuke bAda satI 1. varadA varSa apraila 63 meM prakAzita zrI ratnacandra agravAlakA lekha pR0 68 se 79 / 2. maru bhAratI varSa 13 aMka 2 pR0 72 / 3. reU-mAravAr3akA itihAsa bhAga 1 pR0 40 / 124 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ho gayI lekina aise mAmale rAjasthAnameM kama haiN| devaliyoMko banAneke lie "khaNAvita" aura jIrNoddhArake "udhArita" zabdoMkA prAyaH prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kaI bAra devaliyoM ke sthAnapara chatrI aura maMDapa bhI banAye jAte haiN| cADavAsake vi0 saM0 1650 ke 2 lekhoMmeM gopAladAsa' bIdAvatane vi0 saM0 1625 meM mare zvetasiMhake putra rAmasI aura vi0 saM0 1645 meM mare kumbhakarNakI smRtimeM chatriyoM aura maNDapoMkA nirmANa karAyA thaa| kaI bAra satiyA~ apane patikI mRtyukI sUcanA prApta honepara hotI thiiN| aisI ghaTanAyeM vahA~ hotI thIM jaba patikI mRtyu videzameM ho jAtI thI taba usakI sUcanA prApta honepara usakI strI jahA~ kahIM ho satI ho jAtI thii| isa sambandhameM kaI lekha upalabdha haiN| khamanora ke pAsa macIndameM vi0 saM0 1683 (1626 I0)ke lekhameM bhIma sIsodiyAkI mRtyu banArasa meM ho jAne para usakI rANIke vahA~ satI hone aura una donoMkI smRtimeM vahA~ chatrI banAnekA ullekha hai| bhIma sisodiyA, smaraNa rahe ki mahArANA amarasiMhakA putra thA jo khuramakI senAmeM senApati thaa| khurramane apane pitA jahA~gorake viruddha vidroha kiyA thA taba mugala senAke sAtha lar3atA huA bhIma kAma AyA thaa| yaha ghaTanA saM0 1681 meM huI thii| isa prakAra isa ghaTanAke 2 varSa bAda satI honA jJAta hotA hai| bIkAnera aura jodhapura kSetrase bhI aise kaI lekha mile haiM jinameM dakSiNameM yuddha meM mAre jAnepara satI honekA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| usa samaya Avazyaka nahIM thA ki sabakI rAniyA~ satI hoveN| kaI bAra rAniyA~ jinake putra yA to jyeSTha rAjakumAra the yA garbhavatI hotI thIM to satI nahIM hotI thiiN| puruSoMke bhI premikAke sAtha maranekA ullekha milatA hai| aisI ghaTanAyeM atyanta kama haiN| AbU kSetrase prApta aura vahA~ke saMgrahAlayameM rakhe nagaranAyakA premIke eka lekhameM aisI ghaTanAkA ullekha hai| yaha lekha saM0 1565 kA hai| isI prakArase tArAcanda kAvar3iyA jaba gaur3avAr3akA mevAr3akI orase zAsaka thA taba usakI mRtyu sAdar3ImeM ho gayI thii| usakA dAha usake dvArA banAyI gayI prasiddha bAvar3Ike pAsa hI huA thaa| usake sAtha usakI patniyoMke sAtha kaI gAyaka bhI mare the| durbhAgyase aba bAvar3IkA jIrNoddhAra ho jAnese mUla lekha naSTa ho gaye haiN| ina paMktiyoMke lekhakane ye lekha vahAM dekhe the aura ukta bAvar3IkA zilAlekha bhI sampAdita karake marubhAratImeM prakAzita karAyA thaa| isa prakAra ina satiyoMke lekhoMse tatkAlIna samAjake DhA~cekA vistRta jJAna ho jAtA hai| bahuvivAha prathA rAjapUtoMke sAtha vaizya vargameM bhI thii| osavAloMke kaI lekhoMse isakI puSTi hotI hai| satiyoMkA bar3A sanmAna kiyA jAtA rahA hai| devaliyoM kI pUjA aura mAnasA dI jAtI rahI hai| jisa jAtimeM satI hogI ve use barAbara pUjA karate rahate haiN| ___ yuddhameM bharanepara vIroMkI smRti meM bhI lekha khudAnekI paripATI rahI hai| ina lekhoMko "jhuMjhAra" lekha kahate haiN| inameM sabase prAcIna 3rI zatAbdI I0 pU0 kA khaNDelAkA lekha hai| lekhameM mUlA dvArA kisI vyaktikI mRtyukA ullekha hai jisakI smRtimeM mahIza dvArA usako khudAnekA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| lekha khaMDita hai / lekina isase 3rI zatAbdI I0 pU0 3 se isa paramparAke vidyamAna honekA patA calatA hai / caluse prApta vi0 saM0 1241 ke lekhoMmeM mohila arar3a kamalake nAgapurake yuddha meM marane kA ullekha hai / vi0 saM0 1243 ke raivAsAke zilAlekhameM candela nAnaNa, jo siMharAjakA putra thA, kI mRtyukA ullekha hai / lekhameM 1. maruzrI bhAga 1 aMka 1 meM prakAzita merA lekha 'bIdAvatoMke aprakAzita lekha" / 2. rAjapUtAnA myujiyama riporTa varSa 1932 lekha saM0 80 / 3. ukta varSa 1935 lekha sN01| 4. aralI cauhAna DAinesTija pR0 93-94 / itihAsa ora purAtattva : 125
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ isake khalavAnA ke yuddha meM lar3ate hue maranekA ullekha kiyA hai| isakI smRtimeM jasarAka dvArA devalI banAne kA ullekha hai| DuMgarapurase vi0 saM0 1498 aura 1530 ke lekha mile haiN| vi0 saM0 1498 ke lekhameM varNita hai ki jaba hU~garapura para zatrukA AkramaNa huA taba rakSA karate kAma AnevAle vIroMkA ullekha hai / yaha AkramaNa mahArANA kumbhAne kiyA thA / vi0 saM0 1530 ke lekhameM jaisA ki Upara ullekhita hai sultAna gayAsuddIna khilajoke mAlavA AkramaNakI ora saMketa hai| isI prakAra akabara aura gujarAtake sultAna ahamadazAha bAgadapara AkramaNa ke samaya maranevAloMkI smRtiyoMmeM lekha khude hue mile haiN| ye lekha cabUtaroMpara lage hue haiM / mevAr3ase bhI kaI lekha mila haiM / karer3A jaina maMdirameM lage vi0 saM0 1392 ke eka lekhameM yuddhamaiM mRta vIrakI smRti meM "gomaTTa" banAnekA ullekha hai| bIkAnera kSetrake udAsarase vi0 saM0 1634 aura 1750 ke lekhoM meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai / rAjasthAna meM dIrghakAla taka yuddha hote rahe haiM / ataeva aise lekhoMkI adhikatA honA svAbhAvika hai / 3 gAyoM kI rakSA karate hue maranA bhI gaurava aura dhArmika kartavya mAnA jAtA thaa| aise kaI lekha bhAratake vibhinna bhAgoMke mile haiN| pazcimI rAjasthAna meM gAyoMkI rakSA karate hue maranA eka viziSTa ghaTanA thI / ina vIroMkI smRtimeM jo lekha lagAye gaye haiM inheM "govarddhana" kahate haiM / ina stambhoMpara govarddhanadhArI kRSNakA aMkana hone se inheM govarddhana kahate haiN| prArambhameM gAyoMkI rakSA karate hue maranevAloMke lie hI the banate the kintu kAlAntara meM inako bAharI muslima AkrAntAoMke sAtha maranevAloMke lie bhI mAna liyA gyaa| isa prakAra inakA artha vyApaka ho gayA thaa| ye lekha rAjasthAnake uttarI pazcimI sImAnta prAnta se lekara nAgaura DIvAgA sAMbharake pAsa sthita bhAdavA gA~va takase mile haiN| isa kSetravAsiyoMko sadaiva muslima AkrAntAoMse lohA lenA par3A thA ataeva isa kSetrameM hI ye lekha adhika mile haiM jo prAyaH 10 vIM zatAbdI se 13 vIM zatAbdI takake haiM / inameM jaisalamerakI prAcIna rAjadhAnI lodravAse saM0 970 jyeSTha zuklA 15 kA lekha abataka jJAta lekhoM meM prAcInatama hai / isameM kSatriya vaMza meM utpanna rAmadhara ke putra bhadrakadvArA govarddhanakI pratiSThA karAnekA ullekha hai / nAgaura ke pAsa bIThanase saM0 1002 ke lekhameM bhI govarddhanake nirmANakA ullekha hai / pokaraNa jaisalamera aura mAravAr3akI sImApara sthita hai yahA~se 2 lekha mile haiM saM0 1070 ASAr3ha sudi 6 ( 26 / 7 / 1012) kA aura dUsarA lekha binA tithikA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sultAna mahamUda gajanIke AkramaNake samayakI ye ghaTanAyeM haiM / usake multAna Adi kSetroMpara adhikAra ho jAne ke bAdakI Tukar3iyoMke sAtha usakA saMgharSa sImAnta prAnta ke nivAsiyoMse huA thaa| saM0 2070 ke zilAlekha meM paramAravaMzI gogAkA ullekha hai| dUsare lekhameM guhilotavaMzI zAsakoMkA ullekha hai| ise atyanta parAkramI aura raNabhUmimeM yuddha karanekA ullekha kiyA hai| saMbhavataH yaha gajanI ke somanAtha AkramaNa ke samaya yuddha karate hue kAma AyA ho to Azcarya nahIM / jodhapurake pAsase pAlagA~va se vi0 saM0 1218 aura 1242 ke govarddhana lekha mile haiN| mAMDiyAvAsa (nAgaura) se vi0 saM0 1244 kA eka govarddhana lekha milA hai / lekhameM govarddhanakI pratiSThAkA sundara varNana hai / jaisalamera meM bhaTTika saM0 685 ke kaI lekha mile haiM / inameM striyoM aura gAyoMkI rakSA karate hue prANa denA varNita hai| yaha ghaTanA jaisalamera para alAuddIna khilajI ke AkramaNake samayakI hai| gAyoM kI rakSA karate hue, maranA bhI gaurava mAnA jAtA thA | 1. mahArANA kumbhA pR0 96-97 / 2. uparokta pU0 199 phuTanoTa 55 / 3. varadA varSa aprela 1963 50 68 se 79 / 4. zodha patrikA varSa 22 aMka 2 0 67 se 69 / 126 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana grantha
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prApta karanA varNita hai | ajamera ke zilAlekha meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai| batalAyA gayA hai / harSa saM0 84ke bharatapurake pAsa koTa gAMvake lekhameM brAhmaNa lohAditya dvArA gAyoMkI rakSA karate hue mRtyuko rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM saMgRhIta aura bayAnAse prApta eka pUrva madhyakAlIna isameM gAyoMkI kaI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM aura eka puruSa pIche aMkita smRtilekhoM meM sAdhAraNatayA "caraNayugala" banAkara unapara choTA lekhA qhudA rahatA hai| rAjasthAnameM aise lekha bar3I saMkhyA meM milate haiM / inheM "pagaliyA " kahate haiM / jaina sAdhuoMkI mRtyuke bAda niSedhikAyeM banAyI jAtI thIM jinapara kaI lekha mile haiM / stambhalekha bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / stambhoM ko kaI nAmoMse jAnA jAtA hai / yathA yaSThi, yaTTi, laSTi, laga ketana, yUpa Adi / rAjasthAnase prApta stambhalekhoMko nimnAMkita bhAgoM meM bAMTa sakate hai 1 (ka) yajJastUpa sambandhI lekha (2) kIrtistambhake lekha aura anyastambha lekha rAjasthAnase vakSastUpa bar3I saMkhyA meM mile haiN| ye stambha yakSoMkI smRtiko cirasthAyI rakhaneke lie banAye jAte the| dharmagranthoMmeM kASTha ke stambha banAnekA ullekha hai| dakSiNI pUrvI rAjasthAna se hI ye lekha adhika saMkhyA meM prApta hue haiM / yakSoMkI punarAvRtti mauryoMke bAdase huI thI / vaidika yakSoMkI pratikriyA svarUpa bauddha aura jaina dharmoMkA udaya huA thA kintu kAlAntarameM ina dharmokI kriyAoMkA janamAnasapara prabhAva hote hue bhI ve vaidika paramparAyeM chor3a nahIM sake the| isIlie samaya pAkara phira vaidika yajJoMkA punaruddhAra huaa| yaha bhAvanA itanI adhika balavatI huI ki yahA~ taka jaina zAsaka khAravela taka isase achUte nahIM raha ske| rAjasthAnameM yajJoMse sambandhita prAcInatama lekha nagarIkA hai / yaha lagabhaga 2rI zatAbdI I0 pU0 kA hai| isameM ' 'azvamedha" karane kA ullekha hai / isa prakArake eka anya laghulekhameM vahIM vAjapeya yajJakA ullekha hai / zuMgakAlake bAda bhAgavata dharma tejI se bar3A saM0 282 ke nAndazA ke yUpalekha bar3e mahatvapUrNa hai| ye mAlava jAtise sambandhita haiN| yahAM 2 stambha haiM / inameMse ekake UparakA bhAga khaMDita ho gayA hai / dUsare stambhapara eka hI lekhako eka bAra Ar3A aura eka bAra khar3A khodA gayA hai| eka hI lekhako 2 bAra khodanekA kyA prayojana rahA hogA ? spaSTa nahIM hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArambha meM lekha bahuta hI Upara khodA gayA thA jo janasAdhAraNa dvArA suvi ghAse par3hA nahIM jA sakA hogA isI kAraNa usI bhAgako dubArA phira khodA gayA pratIta hotA hai / lekhake prArambha meM, "prathama caMdradarzanamiva mAlavagaNa viSayamavatArayitvA" zabdoM kA prayoga ho rahA hai / saMbhavataH usa samaya mAlavoMne kSatrapoMko haTAkara apane rAjyakA uddhAra kiyA thA varanAlAse saM0 284 aura 335 ke lekha mile haiM / saM0 284ke lekhameM 7 stambha lagAnekA ullekha hai / isa samaya kevala eka hI stambha milA hai / saM0335ke lekhameM anta meM "dhamma vardhatAm" zabda hai| isameM nirAza yaza karane kA ullekha milatA hai| koTA ke bar3avA gAMvase saM0 295 ke yUpa lekha mile haiN| inameM mausarI vaMzake balavarddhana somadeva balasiMha Adi senApatiyoM kA ullekha hai / NicapuriyA (nagara) ke maThase" saM0 321kA laghu yUpa milA hai| isameM dharakake ---- 1. epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 16 10 25 / Arkiyolojikala sarve oNpha iMDiyA memoyara saM0 4 rAjapUtAnA myujiyama riporTa 1926-27 pR0 204 / 2. iMDiyana eMTIkverI bhAga LVII 50 53 epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 27 meM prakAzita / 3. epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 26 pR0 118 / 4. ghoTArAjyakA itihAsa bhAga 1 pariziSTa saM0 1 / 5. mahabhAratI bhAga 1 aMka 2 0 38-39 / zopapatrikA varSa 20 aMka 2 0 20-27 / + itihAsa aura purAtattva : 127
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ putra ahi zarmAkA ullekhahai / vijayagar3hakA saM0 428kA yapa stambha milA hai | yaha grAma bayAnAke samIpa hai| isa lekhameM vArika viSNuvarddhana jo yazovarddhanakA putra aura yazorATkA pautra thA kA ullekha hai| isane puMDarIka yajJa kiyA thaa| isake bAda yajJoMkI paramparAse sambandhita lekha apekSAkRta kama milate haiN| yajJastUpa to bAdameM nahIMke barAbara mile haiM / eka apavAda svarUpa savAI jayasiMha dvArA kiye gaye yajJakA zilAlekha avazya ullekhanIya hai / kIttistambha sthApita karAnA gauravapUrNa kRtya mAnA jAtA thaa| rAjasthAnase abataka jJAta lekhoMmeM ghaTiyAlAkA saM0 918kA pratihAra rAjA kakkukakA lekha prAcInatama aura ullekhanIya hai / isa lekhameM pratihAra rAjA kakkukakI bar3I prazaMsA kI gayI hai aura use gujaratA, maruvalla tamaNI mADa Adi pradezoMke logoM dvArA sanmAna diyA jAnA bhI varNita hai / vaha svayaM saMskRtakA vidvAn thaa| usane 2 kIrtistambha sthASita kiye the eka maMdorameM aura dUsarA ghttiyaalaameN| cittaur3ase jainakIttistambhase sambandhita kaI lekha mile haiN| jo 13vIM zatAbdIke haiN| lagabhaga 6 khaMDita lekha udayapura saMgrahAlaya meM hai| eka lekha kendrIya purAtattva vibhAgake kAryAlayameM cittaur3a meM hai aura eka gusAIjIkI samAdhipara laga rahA hai jise aba pUrI tarahase khoda diyA hai| isa lekhakI pratilipi vIra vinoda likhate samaya sva0 ojhAjI ne lI thI jo mahArANA sAhaba udayapura ke saMgraha meM vidyamAna hai| usIke anusAra maiMne ise anekAnta (dillI) patrikA meM sampAdita karake prakAzita karAyA hai| lekhoMse patA calatA hai ki isakA nirmANa jaina zreSThi jIjAne karAyA karAyA thA jo bagheravAla jAtikA thaa| koDamadesara (bIkAnera) meM eka kIttistambha banA hai| yaha lAla pattharakA hai| isake pUrvameM gaNeza, dakSiNameM viSNu, uttarameM brahmA aura pazcimameM pArvatIkI mUrti banI huI hai| isameM arar3akamalakI mRtyukA ullekha hai| bIkAnera kSetrase dhAMdhala rAThauroMke kaI lekha pAbUjIse sambandhita mile haiM / vi0 saM0 1515 ke phalodhI ke bAhara lage eka lekha meM "rAThaDa dhA~dhala suta mahArAuta pAbUprasAda marti kItisthambha kArAvitaM" 3 zabda aMkita hai| lagabhaga isI samaya cittaur3akA kIrtistambhakA prasiddha lekha milA hai| yaha kaI zilAoMpara utkIrNa thaa| aba kevala 2 zilAyeM vidyamAna haiN| isa lekha meM mahArAjA kumbhAke zAsanakAlakI ghaTanAoMkA vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai| rANikasarake bAhara vi. sa. 1589 kA kIrtistambha banA huA hai| jaina maMdiroMke bAhara jo lekha khude hue haiM inheM "mAnastambha'' bhI kahate haiN| inake atirikta paTTAvalI stambha bhI kaI milate haiN| inameM vibhinna gacchoMkI paTTAvalI stambhoMpara utkIrNa kI huI batalAyI gayI hai| ye stambha kaI khaNDoMke hote haiM jo kIrtistambhake rUpameM hote haiM / saM0 1704 ke 2 stambha Amerake rAjakIya saMgrahAlayameM haiM jo cArasUse lAye gaye the| Amerako nasiyAmeM 19 vIM zatAbdIkA vistRta stambha banA huA hai| anya stambha lekhoMmeM AMvalezvarakA zilAlekha ullekhanIya hai| isameM kulonake putra pauNa dvArA bhagavAnake nimita zailagraha banAnekA ullekha hai / yaha 2rI zatAbdI I0 pU0kA hai / prazastiyA~ zilAlekhoMmeM sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| inameM kucha prazaMsAtmaka itivRttA bhaka evaM 1. epigrAphimA iMDikA bhAga 9 pR0 280 / 2. jaina lekha saMgraha bhAga 5 pR0 84 / 3. jarnala baMgAla brAMca rAvala eziyATika sosAiTI 1911 pR0 4. mahArANA kumbhA pR0 401 se 411 / 128 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kucha aitihAsika tathyoMse yukta hotI hai| rAjasthAnase kaI prazastiyA~ milI haiN| vi0 saM0 480 ke gaMgadhArake lekhameM viSNu varmAke maMtrI mayUrAkSa dvArA viSNu aura mAtRkAoMke mandira banAnekA ullekha hai| viSNu varmAkA adhikAra dakSiNI pUrvI rAjasthAna aura madasaura kSetrapara thaa| isake putra bandhuvarmAkA lekha saM0 493 kA mandasorase milA hai| choTI sAdar3Ise milI vi0 saM0 547kI prazastimeM gaurIvaMzI zAsakoMkA ullekha hai| isa lekhameM bhagavAn mahApuruSa (viSNu) ke mandirake nirmANakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| lekhameM mahArAja gaurIke pUrvaja puNyasoma, rAjyavarddhana, rASTra yazogupta AdikA ullekha hai| yaha aulikara vaMzake zAsakoMke AdhIna thaa| khaMDelAse prApta saM0 (harSa saM0) 201 ke lekhameM dhUsaravaMzake durgavarddhana usake putra dhaMgaka AdikA ullekha hai / lekha meM arddhanArIzvarake mandirake nirmANakA ullekha hai / basantagar3ha ke saM0 682 ke lekhameM barmalAtake sAmanta bajrabhaTTa satyAzrayakA varNana hai aura lekhameM devIke mandira meM gauSTiyoMkI gatividhikA ullekha hai| kusumAkA 693 kA chekha5, sAmolIkA saM0 703 kA lekha, nAgadAkA saM0 7187 kA lekha, nagarakA saM0 741 kA lekha, jhAlarApATanakA saM0 746 kA lekha, mAnamorIkA 770 kA lekha, kansuvAkA 795 kA lekha, zeragar3hakA12 870 kA lekha, pratihAra 3 rAjA bAUkakA saM0 894 kA lekha, dholapurakA14 caNDamahAsenakA lekha saM0 898, AhaDakA sAraNezvarakA lekha51010 rAjauragar3ha kA16 saM0 1016 kA lekha, ekaliMga7 mandirakA saM0 1028 kA lekha, harSaparvatakA 1030 kA lekha, bIjApurakA saM0 1053 rASTrakaTa19 dhavalakA lekha, pUrNapAlakA20 saM0 1099 kA lekha, bijoliyAkA21 saM0 1226 kA lekha, 1. guptA insakripsansa pR0 74 / 2. ojhA nibandha-saMgraha bhAga 1 pR0 87-90 / epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 30 pR0 112 / 3. epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 34 pR0 159 se 162 / 4. ukta bhAga 9 pR0 191 / 5. ukta bhAga 34 pR0 47 se 49 / 6. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA bhAga 1 aMka 3 0 311 se 324 / anveSaNA bhAga aMka 2 / 7. epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 3 pR0 31-32 / 8. bhArata kaumudI pR0 273-76 / 9. iMDiyana eMTikverI bhAga 5 pR0 151 / 10. TaoNu-enalsa eNDa eTikvITija bhAga 1 pR0 615-616 / 11 iMDiyana eMTikverI bhAga 19 pR0 57 / 12. ukta bhAga 14 10 45 / 13. epigrAphiyA iMDikA 18 pR0 95 / 14. iMDiyana enTikverI 19 pR0 35 / 15. vIra vinoda bhAga 1 zeSa saMgraha / 16. epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 3 pR0 266 / 17. jaranala bambaI brAMca rAyala esiyATika sosAiTI bhAga 22 pR0 166-67 / 18. epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 2 pR0 119 / 19. jaina lekha saMgraha bhAga 2 (mani jinavijaya) meM prakAzita / 20. epigrAphiA iMDikA bhAga 9 pR0 12 / 21 jaina lekha saMgraha bhAga 4 (mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA) meM prakAzita / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 129
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Adi prazastiyA~ mahattvapUrNa hai| AbUse milI prazastiyA~, 1324 kI dhAghasAko prazasti, 1330 kI cIkhAkI prazasti, saM0 1496 kI rANakapurakI prazasti, saM0 1517 kI kuMbhalagar3hakI prazastiyoMkA mevAr3a itihAsakI sAdhana sAmagrI meM pramukha sthAna hai| inameM itihAsakI kaI ulajhI gutthiyA~ sulajhAI gaI haiN| lagabhaga isI samaya kI kaI prazastiyA~ kevala prazaMsAtmaka bhI hai jinameM aitihAsika satya kama aura kAvyAtmaka varNana adhika hai| inameM vedazarmAkI banAI saM0 1331 kI cittaur3a kI prazasti,5 saM0 1342 kI acalezvarakI prazasti,6 1485 kI cittaur3ake samAdhIzvara mandirako prazasti, mukhya hai| jagannAtharAya mandirakI prazasti saM0 1709, rAjaprazasti apane samayakI mahattvapUrNa prazastiyA~ haiN| anopasiMhake samayakI kI prazasti bhI mahattvaparNa hai| ina prazastiyoM meM rAjAoMkI baMza paramparA vijaya yAtrAyeM vibhinna yuddhoM AdikA varNana rahatA hai| rAjAoM yA zreSThiyoM dvArA karAye gaye nirmANa kAryoM kA bhI vistRta ullekha hai| isa prakAra ye prazastiyA~ madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnake itihAsakI mahattvapUrNa sAdhana sAmagrI hai| prazastiyoMmeM prArambhameM devI-devatAoMkI stuti hotI hai| kaI bAra isake lie kaI zloka hote haiN| bAdameM rAjavaMza varNana rahatA hai| agara prazasti rAjAse bhinna kisI anya vyakti kI hai to unakA vaMza varNana Adi rahatA hai| isake bAda mandira bAvar3I yA anya kisI kAryakA ullakha jisase vaha prazasti sambandhita hai rahatA hai| bAdameM prazastikA racanAkAra aura usakA varNana antameM saMvat diyA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha DUMgarapurake pAsa sthita Upara gA~vako saM0 1461 kI mahArAvala pAtAkI aprakAzita prazasti, evaM 1495 kI cittaur3akI prazastiko leN| ye donoM lekha jaina haiN| prArambhameM kaI zlokoMmeM jaina devI-devatAoMkI stutiyA~ haiN| bAdameM rAjavaMza varNana hai| bAdameM zreSThivargakA varNana hai| vAdameM sAdhaoMkA ullekha hai| isake bAda prazastikArakA ullekha aura antameM saMvat diyA gayA hai| kucha prazastiyoM meM prArambhameM bhaugolika varNana bhI diyA rahatA hai| saM0 1331 ko cittaur3akI prazasti aura 1341 kI acalezvara mandirakI prazastimeM prArambhameM cittaur3a nAgadA mevAr3a bhUmiko prazaMsA kI gaI hai| isI prakAra saM0 1517 kI kuMbhalagar3hakI prazastimeM, mevAr3akA bhaugolika varNana, mevAr3ake torthakSetra, cittaur3a durga varNana Adi diye haiN| isake bAda vaMzAvalI dI gaI hai| tAmrapatra yA dAnapatra bahuta mahattvapUrNa hote haiM aura inako likhane meM vizeSa sAvadhAnI baratI jAtI rahI hai| lekha paddhatimeM vibhinna prakArake prArUpa bhI likhe haiM tAki inako likhate samaya isakA dhyAna rakhA jA ske| prazastiyoMke prArUpase inake prArUpa meM bar3I bhinnatA rahatI hai| inameM prArambhameM "svasti" Adike aMkanake bAda saMvatkA aMka rahatA hai| isake bAda rAjAkA nAma rahatA hai| dAnapatra prApta karanevAle vyakti 1. varadA varSa 5 aMka 4 meM prakAzita / 2. vIra vinoda bhAga 1 zeSa saMgrahameM prakAzita / 3. mahArANA kumbhA pR0 384 se 386 / 4. ukta pR0 397 se 401 / 5. vIravinoda bhAga 1 zeSasaMgrahameM prakAzita / 6. ukta / 7. ukta / 8. epigrAphiA iMDikA XXIV pR0 56 / 130 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ aura dAnameM dI jAnevAlI bhUmi AdikA vistAra se ullekha hotA hai| jaise bhUmikI sImAyeM aMkita rahatI hai / usake pUrva pazcima uttara dakSiNameM jina-jinake kheta yA rAjapatha hotA thA unake nAma diye rahate hai| khetakI saMkhyA yA sthAnIya nAma bhI diyA jAtA hai| UnAlU siyAlu Adi zAkhoMse jo lagAna liyA jAtA hai usakA bhI kabhI-kabhI ullekha rahatA hai / khetakI lambAI bhI kabhI-kabhI darja rahatI hai| jaise 5 hala, Adi / pratyeka halameM 50 bIghA jamIna mAnI jAtI hai / isake bAda kucha zloka jaise " ApadattaM paradattaM" Adise zurU honevAle hote haiM / inameM varNita hai ki yaha dAna zAzvata rahe aura inako agara koI bhaMga kara deve to viSThAmeM kIr3e ke rUpa meM utpanna hove aadi| isake bAda "dUtaka" kA nAma hotA hai jisake dvArA ukta dAnapatra diyA jAtA hai| ye lekha sAmAnyata: eka yA adhika tAmrapatroMpara utkIrNa hotA hai / ekaliMga mandirakA mahArANA bhImasiMhakA tAmrapatra jo lagabhaga 4 phuTa lambA hai eka apavAda svarUpa hai / isa lekha meM samaya-samayapara diye gaye dAnapatroM ko eka sAtha likha diyA gayA hai| rAjA loga dAna mukhyarUpase kisI dhArmika parva jaise saMkrAnti, sUryagrahaNa Adi avasarapara dete the| isake atirikta putra janma, rAjyArohaNa, pUjA vyavasthA, viziSTa vijaya rathayAtrA Adi avasaroMpara bhI dAna dete the / mevAr3a meM mahArANA rAyamala aura bhomasiMha ke samaya bar3e dAnapatra milate haiM / rAyamalake samaya ke dAnapatroMmeM kaI jAlI bhI haiM / bhImasiMha dAna dene meM bar3e prasiddha the / choTI-choTI bAtoMpara dAna diye gaye haiN| kaI logoMne purAne dAnapatra khonekA ullekha karake naye dAnapatra banavAye haiN| inameM "bhagavAna rAma se datta" kaha karake dAnapatra ThIka kiye gaye haiN| dAnapatroMkA vidhivat rekArDa jAtA rahA thaa| "akSa paTTalika" nAmaka adhikArIkA ullekha prAcIna lekhoM meM milatA hai / yaha dAnapatroMkA rikArDa rakhatA thA / ina dAnapatroMke sAtha-sAtha kucha aise lekha bhI mile haiM jinameM kucha adhikAriyoMne apaneko prApta rAzi jaise talArAbhAgya, Adi maMDapikA se sIdhA dAna dilAyA hai| surahalekha eka prakArakA AjJApatra hai / rahatA hai / saM0 1904 kA lekha TokarA ( AbU) kumbhAriyAjI se saM0 1312 aura 1332 ke nimittadAna dene kI vyavasthA hai| bAjaNavAlA rAja-rAjezvara Adi zabda hI par3he jA sake haiN| inameM saM0 1223, 1228, 13981509 Adike lekha ullekhanIya haiM / catareke pAsa saM0 1352 kA vIsaladeva dvArA dAna denekA ullekha hai| saM0 kumbhA AbUmeM delavAr3A, mAdhya, gomukha aura AyUroDa (relve hAIskUla) se zukkA 7 kA nANAgrAma meM surahalekha haiM isameM mehatA nArAyaNadAsa dvArA dAna jaina maMdira [saM0 1686 aura 18 vIM zatAbdI ke 2 lekha mahArANA jagatasiMha (i) aura (ii) ke samayake haiN| cittaur3a meM rAmapola se saM0 1393 - 1396 ke baNabIrake surahalekha, 6 mahArANA ArIsiMhake samayakA kAlikA isameM Upara sUraja cA~da banA huA hai strI aura gandarbha banA se milA hai / " saM0 1228 kA lekha caMdrAvatI se milA hai / surahalekha milate hai jinameM grAmake 5 maMdiroMkI pUjAke (giravara ke pAsa ) grAmameM 1287 kA surahalekha hai jisapara AbUke acalezvara maMdira ke bAhara kaI surahalesa laga rahe haiN| maDAra grAma meM bAhara jairAjake 1506 ke suralekha mahArAmA mile haiN| saM0 1659 bhAdavA denekA ullekha hai / barakAnA ke 1. arbudAcala pradakSiNA pU0 114 / 2. ukta pu0 14 / 3. varadA varSa 13 aMka 2 meM prakAzita merA lekha " acalezvara mandirake zilAlekha" / 4. mahArANA kumbhA pU0 392-93 / 5. arbudAcala pradakSiNA lekha saMdoha II pR0 362 / 6. varadAmeM prakAzita merA lela mahArANAM baNavIrake aprakAzita zilAlekha / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 131
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAtA maMdirake bAharakA surahalakha, mahArANA hamIrasiMha (ii) ke samayake rAmapolake 2 lekha evaM annaparNA mandirake bAharake surahalekha mukhya haiN| ina sAre lekhoMko maiMne sampAdita karake prakAzita karAye haiN| ekaliMga mandirake bAhara mahArANA bhImasiMha aura sajjanasiMhake samaya ke 5 surahalekha haiN| udayapura zaharameM mahArANA arisiMhake samayakA surahalekha mukhya hai| bhInamAlameM mahArAjA mAnasiMhake samayakA evaM maMDorameM mahArAjA takhtasiMhake samayake surahalekha bhI prasiddha haiN| ina lekhoMse tatkAlIna zAsanavyavasthAke sambandhameM pracura sAmagrI milatI hai| sthAnIya adhikAriyoMke nAma, pada evaM sthAnIya kara jaise, dAga, muMDikakara, balAbIkara, rakhavAlIkara, gharagaNatIkara, Adi kA pUrA pUrA vyaurA rahatA hai / cittaur3a, udayapura Adike surahalekhoMmeM marAThoMke AkramaNoMkA acchA varNana hai / marAThA adhikArIkA surahalekha bhI cAra bhujAke mandirase saM0 1867 kA evaM gaMgApura (bhIlavAr3A) se saM0 1862 kA milA hai| dhArmika lekhoMmeM mandirakI vyavasthA sambandhI ullekha milatA hai| mandiroMke lie prAyaH gauSThika bane rahate the jo vyavasthA karate the| inakA ullekha 7 vIM zatAbdIke goTha mAMga lodake lekha, khaNDelAke harSa saM0 201 ke lekha, basaMtagar3ha ke 682 ke lekha, sikarAyakA 879 ke lekha AdimeM honese patA calatA hai ki rAjasthAna meM 7vIM zatAbdIke pahalese hI aisI vyavasthA maujUda thii| mandira yA dhArmika saMsthAnoMkI vyavasthAke nimita dAnapatroMke rUpameM bhI kaI lekha mile haiN| inameM sthAnIya saMsthAnoMse kara lekara mandirako diyA jAtA thaa| yaha kArya maNDapikAke dvArA hotA thaa| AhaDakA saM0 1010 kA lekha, saM0 999 evaM 1003 kA pratApagar3ha kA lekha, zeragar3ha durgake laghu lekha, Adi ullekhanIya hai / samrATa azokake bairAThake lekhoMmeM dhArmika AjJAoM evaM dharmagranthoMkA ullekha hai| __ mUrti lekhoMmeM mukhyarUpase jainalekha Ate haiN| rAjasthAnase aise kaI hajAra mila cuke haiM / inameM bIkAnera kSetrake lekha zrI nAhaTAjIne sampAdita kiye haiN| puNyavijayajone AbU kSetrake lekha prakAzita kiye haiM / zrI pUrNacandra nAharane jaisalamera evaM anya kSetroMke lekha sampAdita kiye haiN| digambara lekhoMmeM aisA viziSTa prakAzana mUrti lekhoMkA nahIM huA hai ina lekhoMmeM prArambhameM arhatkA ullekha hotA hai| bAdameM saMvat banA rahatA hai| isake bAda lekha meM sthAnIya rAjAkA ullekha rahatA hai| mUrti lekhameM rAjA kA ullekha honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| kaI bAra ise chor3a bhI diyA jAtA hai| isake bAda mUrti banavAnevAle zreSThikA paricaya rahatA hai| usake gA~vakA nAma, pUrvajoMkA varNana, mUrtikA varNana evaM jaina AcArya, jinake dvArA pratiSThA kI gayI ho, kA varNana rahatA hai| kaI bAra mUrti banAnevAle zilpIkA nAma bhI rahatA hai| saMvat kaI bAra bAdameM milatA hai| mUrti lekhoMmeM eka viziSTa bAta yaha hai ki usa samayake nAma prAyaH ekAkSara bodhaka hote the| mUrti lekhoMmeM prAyaH bolI meM AnevAle zabdoMkA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai jo ullekhanIya hai / kaI bAra zreSThiyoM aura unakI patniyoMke nAma ekase milate haiM jaise mohaNa-mohaNI Adi / bahupatnIvAdakI prathAkI ora bhI inase dRSTi DAlI jA sakatI hai| jainiyoMke vibhinna gotroM Adi jaina sAdhugacchoMpara bhI vistArase ina mUrti lekhoM dvArA adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye mUrti lekha isa dRSTise mahattvapUrNa haiM / rAjasthAnameM kAMsya mUrtiyoMke lekha 7vIM, 8vIM zatAbdIse milane laga gaye haiM kintu pattharakI pratimAoMpara 900ke bAdake hI lekha adhika milate haiN| rAjapUta rAjAoMke zAsanakAlameM 10vIM zatAbdIke bAda jaina zreSThiyoMne abhUtapUrva zAsanameM yogadAna diyA isake phalasvarUpa jaina dharmakI bar3I unati huii| mUrti lekhoMse eka bAra pratiSThita haI pratimAke dubArA pratiSThita honeke bhI rocaka varNana milate haiM / 1. zodhapatrikA varSa 21 aMka 1 meM prakAzita merA lekha / 2. majjhamikA (1971) pR0 104 se 110 / 132 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
Page #11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anya lekhoMmeM kUpa bAvaDiyoMke, tAlAba Adike varNana ullekhanIya hai / pratihArakAlakI bAvaDiyA~, osiyA~, maNDora Adise milI haiN| maNDorakI bAvaDIse 7vIM zatAbdIkA zilAlekha bhI milA hai| yaha lekha saM0742kA hai aura 9 paMktiyoMkA hai / saM0 741ke nagarake zilAlekhameM vApI nirmANakA zreya bhInamAlake kuzala zilpiyoMko diyA gayA hai| cittaur3ake vi0 saM0 770ke lekhameM bhI isI prakAra mAnasarovarake nirmANakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / kuvoMke lie arahaTa zabdoMkA prayoga bhI milatA hai| jagata gAMvake ambikA mAtAke mandirameM saM0 1017kA laghu lekha milA hai| isameM vApI kUpa taDAgAdi nirmANakA ullekha milatA hai| ahaDase prApta sa, 1001 ke lekhameM gaMgodbhava kuNDakA ullekha hai| 1099 kA pUrNapAlakA basaMtagar3hakA lekha hai jisameM bAvaDI banAnekA ullekha hai| bijoliyAke mandAkinI kuNDa, jahAjapurake kuNDa, gaMgAtaTake kuNDoM, Abake acalezvarake kuNDase bhI kaI lekha mile haiM / ye sthAna bar3e dhArmika mAne jAte rahe haiM ataeva ye lekha isa dRSTise bar3e mahattvapUrNa haiM / madhyakAlameM kUpa taDAga aura bAvar3iyoMke lekha asaMkhya mile haiN| mAladevake lekhameM bAvaDI honevAle vyaya kA vistArase ullekha hai| usa kAryameM kAma AnevAlI sArI sAmagrIkA bhI jikra hai| rAja prazastimeM isI prakArakA pUrNa vyaurA hai| 1. saradAra myujiyama riporTa varSa 1934 pR0 5 / 2. varadA akTU0 63 pR0 57 se 63 / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 133