Punya ki Upadeytaka Prashna

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Sagar_Jain_Vidya_Bharti_Part_4_001687.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229166/1

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puNya kI upAdeyatA kA prazna lokamaMgala yA vizvakalyANa sabhI dharmoM aura sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA sAra hai| jainadharma meM tIrthaGkara kA, bauddhadharma meM bodhasattva kA, hindUdharma meM avatAra kA carama lakSya lokakalyANa kI sAdhanA hI hai| lokamaMgala ke lie hI ve dharma kA pravartana karate haiN| yaha lokakalyANa kI pravRtti hI paropakAra, satkarma, kuzala karma, puNyakarma, rakSA Adi nAmoM se abhihita kI jAtI hai| karuNA, sevA, rakSA, parapIr3A kI nivRtti Adi isake pramukha aMga haiN| dUsaroM ke duHkha evaM pIr3A ko dUra kara unheM sukha aura zAnti pradAna karanA inakA pramukha uddezya hai| vaiyaktika-vimukti aura Atma-kalyANa kI apekSA bhI sAmAjika draSTi se yaha eka ucca Adarza hai| isIlie bodhisattva kahate haiM ki dUsaroM ke duHkha dUra karane meM jo sukha milatA hai vaha kyA kama hai, jise chor3akara vaiyaktika nirvANa kA prayatna kiyA jaaye| isa prakAra lokakalyANa ke carama Adarza kI yaha upalabdhi vaiyaktika-mukti ko apekSA bhI zreSTha mAnI gii| kintu kAlAntara meM jaba vaiyaktika mukti kI avadhAraNA pramukha huI to lokamaMgala yA paropakAra ke kAryoM ko AtmasAdhanA se heya mAnA jAne lgaa| unheM rAgAtmaka, hiMsA-yukta aura bandhana kA hetu kahA jAne lagA aura isa prakAra ve anupAdeya yA heya kI koTi meM DAla diye gye| samasyA kA itihAsa jaina paramparA meM sarvaprathama umAsvAti ne puNya aura pApa donoM ko Asrava ke antargata vargIkRta karake jo viruddha dharmI the, unheM sajAtIya banA diyaa| pariNAma svarUpa pApa ke sAtha puNya kI upAdeyatA para prazna cihna lgaa| usake bAda AcArya kundakunda ne aura vizeSarUpa se unake TIkAkAroM ne puNya ko bandhanarUpa mAnakara use heya kI koTi meM DAla diyaa| isa prakAra lokamaMgala rUpa puNyapravRttiyoM kI upAdeyatA eka vivAdAspada viSaya bana gii| vaise to isa vivAda ke saMketa sUtrakRtAMga jaise prAcIna Agama meM bhI milate haiM, jahAM isa sambandha meM muni ko taTastha dRSTi apanAne ke saMketa haiN| vartamAna yuga meM digambara paramparA meM isa vivAda ko adhika bala diyA gyaa| pUjya kAnajI svAmI aura unake samarthaka vidvat maNDala kI nizcayanaya pradhAna vyAkhyAoM ke dvaaraa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI Adhunika yuga meM yaha vivAda mukhara huA terApaMtha paramparA aura anya zvetAmbara paramparAoM ke biic| yadyapi zramaNa jIvana kI sAdhanA meM hiMsA-yukta lokamaMgala yA

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128 paropakAra ke kAryoM ke prati vidhi-niSedha se Upara uThakara madhyastha dRSTi apanAne ke saMketa sUtrakRtAGga jaise prAcIna jainAgamoM meM milate haiN| phira bhI sAmAnyatayA digambara-zvetAmbara munivarga preraNA ke rUpa meM aura gRhasthavarga yathArtha meM loka-kalyANoM, samAja-sevA aura paropakAra ke kAryoM meM ruci letA rahA hai| cAhe saiddhAntika mAnyatA kucha bhI ho, sampUrNa jaina samAja paropakAra aura sevA kI ina pravRttiyoM meM ruci letA rahA hai| yadyapi bIsavIM zatI ke prArambhika varSoM meM isa prazna ko lekara pakSa-vipakSa meM kucha svatantra grantha bhI likhe gaye haiN| sevA, dAna aura paropakAra jaisI puNya pravRttiyoM kI upAdeyatA ke sambandha meM prakIrNa saMketa to prAcInakAla se lekara vartamAna yuga taka ke aneka granthoM meM milate haiM, isa sambandha meM vidvAnoM dvArA kucha lekha bhI likhe gaye haiN| maine bhI svahita aura lokahita kA prazna, "sakArAtmaka ahiMsA' kI bhUmikA jaise kucha lekha likhe| phira bhI niSpakSa dRSTi se binA kisI mata yA sampradAya para TIkA TippaNI kiye mAtra Agamika aura karma siddhAnta ke zvetAmbara-digambara paramparA ke granthoM ke AdhAra para unakA gahana anuzIlana karake apanI kRti meM puNya kI upAdeyatA ke sambandha meM pUjya paM0 zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI lor3hA ne jo niSkarSa prastuta kiye ve na kevala prAmANika haiM, apitu hameM isa prazna para punarcintana ko bAdhya karate haiN| vastuta: samasyA kyA hai aura usakA dArzanika samAdhAna kyA hai, isa prazna para agrima pRSThoM meM kucha gambhIra carcA kreNge| jaina tattva-mImAMsA meM pApa aura puNya bhAratIya dharma-darzanoM meM puNya aura pApa kI avadhAraNA ati prAcIna kAla se pAI jAtI hai| inheM dharma-adharma, kuzala-akuzala, zubha-azubha, naitika-anaitika, kalyANa-pApa Adi vividha nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| jaina dharma-darzana meM bhI tattvamImAMsA ke antargata nava tattvoM kI avadhAraNA meM puNya aura pApa kA svatantra tattva ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| hameM na kevala zvetAmbara AgamoM meM, apita digambara paramparA meM AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM bhI navatatvoM kI yaha avadhAraNA prApta hotI hai| ina navatattvoM ko nava padArtha yA nava artha bhI kahA hai, kintu nAma ke isa antara se inakI mUlabhUta avadhAraNA meM koI antara nahIM par3atA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM nava tattvoM kI isa avadhAraNA kA prAcInatama ullekha uttarAdhyayana evaM samavAyAMga meM pAyA jAtA hai| paMcAstikAyasAra nAmaka grantha meM ina nava tatvoM kA nava padArtha ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| navatattvoM kI isa avadhAraNA ke antargata nimna nau tattva mAne gae haiM- 1. jIva, 2. ajIva, 3. puNya, 4. pApa, 5. Asrava, 6. saMvara, 7. bandha, 8. nirjarA aura 9. mokSA

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129 yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki navatattvoM kI isa sUcI meM puNya aura pApa ko svatantra tattva mAnA gayA, kintu kAlAntara meM AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra (lagabhaga IsA kI tIsarI sadI) meM ina navatattvoM ke sthAna para sAta tattvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA aura puNya tathA pApa ko svatantra na mAnakara unheM Asrava kA bheda mAnA / kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki puNya aura pApa kA na kevala Asrava hotA hai apitu unakA bandha aura vipAka bhI hotA hai| ataH puNya aura pApa ko mAtra Asrava nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / vastutaH tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti kI dRSTi saMkSiptIkaraNa kI rahI hai, kyoMki vaha grantha sUtra rUpa meM hai / yahIM kAraNa hai ki unhoMne na kevala tattvoM ke sambandha meM apitu anya sandarbhoM meM bhI apanI sUciyoM kA saMkSiptIkaraNa kiyA hai, jaise uttarAdhyayana aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM varNita caturvidha mokSa mArga ke sthAna para trividha mokSa mArga kA pratipAdana karate hue tapa ko cAritra meM hI arntabhUta mAna lenA, saptanaya kI avadhAraNA meM samabhirUDhanaya evaM evaMbhUtanaya ko zabdanaya ke antargata mAnakara mUla meM pA~ca nayoM kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karanA aadi| isI krama meM unhoMne puNya aura pApa ko bhI Asrava ke antargata mAnakara nava-tattvoM ke sthAna para sAta tattvoM kI avadhAraNA prastuta kI hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina darzana ke itihAsa meM kAlakrama meM vibhinna tAttvika avadhAraNAoM kI sUciyoM meM kahIM saMkoca kI to kahIM vistAra kI pravRtti dikhalAI detI hai| isakI carcA paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne apanI laghu pustikA 'jainadarzana kA AdikAla ' meM kI hai| jahA~ taka tattvoM kI avadhAraNA kA prazna hai isa sandarbha meM hameM aisA lagatA hai ki tattvoM kI saMkhyA sambandhI sUcI saMkucita evaM vistArita hotI rahI hai / jJAtavya hai ki jaina dharma darzana meM tattvoM ko zraddhA kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra (1/3) meM to spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki tattva zraddhAna hI samyak darzana hai| kintu jina tattvoM para zraddhA rakhanI cAhie arthAt unako asti rUpa mAnanA cAhie nAsti rUpa nahIM, isakI carcA karate hue sarvaprathama sUtrakRtAGga ke dvitIya zruta skandha ke pAMcaveM adhyayana battIsa tattvoM kI eka vistRta sUcI dI gaI hai, jo nimna hai - (1) loka (2) aloka (3) jIva (4) ajIva (5) dharma (6) adharma (7) bandha (8) mokSa ( 9 ) puNya (10) pApa (11) Asrava (12) saMvara (13) vedanA (vipAka) (14) nirjarA (15) kriyA (16) akriyA (17) krodha (18) mAna (19) mAyA (20) lobha (21) prema (rAga) (22) dveSa (23) caturaMgasaMsAra (24) siddhasthAna (25) deva (26) devI (27) siddhi(28) asiddhi (29) sAdhu (30) kalyANa aura (32) pApa (akalyANa) / sUtrakRtAGga (2/5/765-78 ) yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki solaha yugmoM meM battIsa tattvoM ko ginAyA gayA hai| ina yugmoM meM dharma-adharma, pApa-puNya aura kalyANa-akalyANa (pApa) ye tIna yugma aise haiM

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130 jinameM artha kI nikaTatA hai, phira bhI jahA~ dharma aura adharma kramaza: samyaka evaM mithyA sAdhanA mArga ke sUcaka haiM, vahAM puNya aura pApa kramaza: satkarma aura asatkarma ke athavA naitika karma aura anaitika karma ke sUcaka haiN| jabaki kalyANa evaM pApa (akalyANa) kA sambandha upAdeya aura heya se hai| phira bhI inameM kisI sImA taka artha kI jo nikaTatA hai, usako dhyAna meM rakhate hue tattva sambandhI anya sUciyoM meM ina tIna yugmoM meM se do ko chAr3akara mAtra puNya aura pApaM ko hI sthAna diyA gyaa| sUtrakRtAGga ke hI dvitIya zrutaskandha (2/7/15) meM yaha sUcI rUpa meM saMkucita milatI hai| usameM nimna 12 tattvoM ko hI svakAra kiyA gayA hai--- (1) jIva (2) ajIva (3) puNya (4) pApa (5) Asrava (6) saMdara (7) vedanA (8) nirjarA (9) kriyA (10) adhikaraNa (11) bandha aura (12) mokss| aisI hI eka anya saMkucita sUcI AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyayana (uddezaka 1) meM milatI hai| isameM loka ke astitva-anastitva sAdi-anAdi, dhruva (nitya)-anitya, sAnta-ananta Adi kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha sukRta-duSkRta, kalyANa-pApa, sAdhu-asAdhu, siddhi-asiddhi aura naraka-anaraka aise pAMca yugmoM meM dasa tattvoM kA ullekha hai| isI krama meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM Ate-Ate tattvoM kI isa sUcI meM punaH saMkoca huA aura sUtrakRtAGga kI 12 tattvoM kI isa sUcI meM se vedanA, kriyA aura adhikaraNa ina tIna ko nikAla dene se kevala nava tattva raha gye| phira bhI yahAM taka puNya aura pApa kI svatantra tattvoM ke rUpa meM svIkRti banI rhii| sarvaprathama umAsvAti ne hI ina nava tattvoM meM se puNya aura pApa ko bhI alaga karake apanI tattva sUcI meM mAtra sAta tattvoM ko svIkRti dI tathA puNya aura pApa ko Asrava ke antargata maanaa| jaba puNya aura pApa Asrava bana gaye to unakI upayogitA para hI praznacihna laganA prArambha ho gyaa| kyoMki jo Asrava arthAt bandhana kA hetu ho, vaha mukti mArga ke sAdhaka ke lie upAdeya yA AcaraNIya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isaprakAra pApa ko anupAdeya yA heya mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha puNya ko bhI anupAdeya yA heya mAnane kI pravRtti vikasita huii| jisake pariNAma svarUpa lokamaMgala aura paropakAra ke kAryoM kI upekSA kI jAne lagI aura unheM AtmasAdhanA kI apekSA se heya yA anupAdeya mAnA jAne lgaa| puNya aura pApa jaba taka svatantra tattva the taba taka ve viruddhadharmI the, ataH pApa ko heya aura puNya ko upAdeya mAnA jAtA thaa| kyoMki vaha heya pApa kA viruddhadharmI thA, ata: upAdeya thaa| kintu jaba ve donoM Asrava ke bheda mAna liye gaye to ve paraspara viruddhadharmI yA vijAtIya na rahakara sajAtIya yA sahavargI bana gye| phalataH pApa ke sAtha-sAtha pUNya bhI heya kI koTi meM calA gayA aura usakI upAdeyatA para praznacihna lagAye gye|

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131 puNya kI upAdeyatA para kaise lagA praznacihna vastuta: jaba AcArya umAsvAti ne puNya aura pApa ko Asrava kA aMga mAna liyA to svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha samasyA utpanna huI ki jisakA Asrava hotA hai usakA bandha bhI hotA hai aura jisakA bandha hotA hai usakA vipAka bhI hotA hai| isaprakAra bandha aura vipAka kI prakriyA se bhava-zramaNa kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai| puna: jo bhI bhava-bhramaNa kA hetu hogA, vaha upAdeya nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra puNya ko Asrava rUpa mAnane ke pariNAmasvarUpa usako heya mAnane kI avadhAraNA vikasita huii| isa avadhAraNA ko AcArya kundakunda ke isa kathana se adhika bala milA ki puNya aura pApa donoM hI bandhana ke hetu hone se ber3I ke samAna hI haiN| phira vaha ber3I cAhe sone kI ho yA phira lohe kI ho, bandhana kA kArya to karatI hI hai| isa prakAra jaba pApa ke sAtha-sAtha puNya ko bhI samatulA para rakhakara heya mAna liyA to usakA pariNAma yaha huA ki adhyAtmavAdI mumukSu sAdhakoM kI dRSTi meM pApa ke sAtha-sAtha puNya bhI anupAdeya bana gayA aura pariNAma svarUpa ve paropakAra aura lokamaMgala ke kAryoM ko bhI bandhana kA nimitta mAnakara ke unakI upekSA karane lge| AcArya kundakunda ne to puNya aura pApa ko kramaza: sone aura lohe kI ber3I hI kahA thaa| kintu unake paravartI TIkAkAroM ne to puNya-pApa donoM ko bandhanakA rUpa kahakara unakI pUrNata: upekSA karanA prArambha kara diyaa| paM0 jayacaMda jI chAbar3A apanI samayasAra kI bhASA vacanikA meM likhate haiM puNya pApa doya karama, bandha rUpa duI maanii| zuddha Atama jina lahyo, na, caraNa hita jaanii|| isa prakAra pApa ke sAtha-sAtha puNya karma bhI anupAdeya mAna liye gye| cAhe puNya ko Asrava yA bandha rUpa mAna bhI liyA jAye phira bhI usakI upAdeyatA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu sahI samajha ke liye karmoM ke bandhaka aura abandhaka hone kI sthiti kI tathA unake zubhatva-azubhatva evaM zuddhatva kI samIkSA apekSita hai| tIna prakAra ke karma jainadarzana meM 'karmaNA badhyate jantaH' kI ukti svIkArya rahI hai, lekina isameM karma athavA kriyAeM samAna rUpa se bandhanakAraka nahIM haiN| usameM do prakAra ke karma mAne gaye haiM-- eka ko karma kahA gayA hai, dUsare ko akarma! samasta sAmparAyika kriyAeM arthAt rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya yukta kriyAe~ karma kI koTi meM AtI haiM aura IryApathika kiyAe~ akarma kI koTi meN| naitika darzana kI dRSTi se prathama prakAra ke karma hI ucitaanucita kI koTi meM Ate haiM aura dUsare prakAra ke karma naitikatA ke kSetra se pare haiN|

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132 unheM anaitika kahA jA sakatA hai| lekina naitikatA ke kSetra meM Ane vAle sabhI karma bhI ekasamAna nahIM hote haiN| unameM se kucha zubha aura kucha azubha hote haiN| jaina paribhASA meM inheM kramazaH puNya-karma aura pApa karma kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana ke anusAra karma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM -- (1) IryApathika karma (akarma) (2) puNya-karma aura (3) pApa karma / azubha yA pApa karma jaina AcAryoM ne pApa kI yaha paribhASA kI hai ki vaiyaktika sandarbha meM jo AtmA ko bandhana meM DAle, jisake kAraNa AtmA kA patana ho, jo AtmA ke Ananda kA zoSaNa kare aura AtmazaktiyoM kA kSaya kare, vaha pApa haiN| sAmAjika sandarbha meM jo para pIr3A yA dUsaroM ke duHkha kA kAraNa hai, vaha pApa hai ( pApAya parapIDanam ) / vastutaH jisa vicAra evaM AcAra se apanA aura para kA ahita ho aura jisase aniSTa phala kI prApti ho, vaha pApa hai| ve sabhI karma jo svArtha, ghRNA yA ajJAna ke kAraNa dUsare kA ahita karane kI dRSTi se kiye jAte haiM, pApa karma haiN| itanA hI nahIM sabhI prakAra ke durvicAra aura durbhAvanAeM bhI pApa karma haiN| pApa karmoM kA vargIkaraNa jaina dRSTikoNa jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra pApa karma 18 prakAra ke haiM1. prANAtipAta (hiMsA), 2. mRSAvAda (asatya bhASaNa ), 3. adattAdAna (cauryakarma ), 4. maithuna (kAma-vikAra), 5. parigraha (mamatva, mUrcchA, tRSNA yA saMcayavRtti), 6. krAdha ( gussA), 7. mAna (ahaMkAra), 8. mAyA ( kapaTa, chala, SaDyantra aura kUTanIti), 9. lobha (saMcaya yA saMgraha kI vRtti), 10. rAga (Asakti), 11. dveSa (ghRNA tiraskAra IrSyA Adi), 12. kleza (saMgharSa, kalaha, lar3AI, jhagar3A Adi), 13. abhyAkhyAna ( doSAropaNa ), 14. pizunatA (cugalI), 15. paraparivAda (paranindA), 16. rati- arati ( harSa aura zoka ), 17. mAyA - mRSA ( kapaTa sahita asatya bhASaNa ), 18. mithyAdarzanazalya (ayathArtha jIvanadRSTi ) / 2 puNya (kuzala karma) puNya vaha hai jisake kAraNa sAmAjika evaM caitasika stara para samatva kI sthApanA hotI hai| mana, zarIra aura bAhya pariveza meM santulana banAnA yaha puNya kA kArya hai| puNya kyA hai isakI vyAkhyA meM tattvArthasUtrakAra kahate haiM- zubhAsrava puNya hai| dUsare jainAcAryoM ne usakI vyAkhyA dUsare prakAra se kI hai| AcArya hemacandra puNya kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki puNya azubha karmoM kA lAghava hai aura zubha karmoM kA udaya hai| " isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra kI dRSTi meM puNya azubha (pApa) karmoM kI alpatA aura zubha

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133 karmoM ke udaya ke phalasvarUpa prApta prazasta avasthA kA dyotaka hai| nirvANa kI upalabdhi meM puNya ke sahAyaka svarUpa kI vyAkhyA AcArya abhayadeva kI sthAnAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM milatI hai| AcArya abhayadeva kahate haiM ki puNya vaha hai jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai athavA pavitratA kI ora le jAtA hai / " isa prakAra AcArya abhayadeva kI dRSTi meM puNya AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM sahAyaka tattva hai| vastataH puNya mokSArthiyoM kI naukA ke lie anukUla vAyu hai jo use bhavasAgara se zIghra pAra karA detI hai|' jaina kavi banArasIdAsa jI samayasAranATaka meM kahate haiM ki jisase bhAvoM kI vizuddhi ho, jisase AtmA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora bar3hatA ho aura jisase isa saMsAra meM bhautika samRddhi aura sukha milatA ho, vahI puNya hai| jaina tattvajJAna ke 'anusAra, puNya karma ke zubha pudgala paramANu haiM jo zubhavRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita ho bandha karate haiM aura apane vipAka ke avasara para zubha adhyavasAyoM, zubha vicAroM evaM kriyAoM kI ora prerita karate haiM tathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hetu mAnasika evaM bhautika anukUlatAoM ke saMyoga prastuta kara dete haiN| AtmA kI ve manodazAeM evaM kiyAeM bhI puNya kahalAtI haiM jo zubha pudgala paramANu ko AkarSita karatI haiN| sAtha hI dUsarI ora ve pudgala - paramANu jo ina zubha vRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ko prerita karate haiM aura apane prabhAva se Arogya, samyak zraddhA, jJAna evaM saMyama ke avasara upasthita karate haiM, puNya kahe jAte haiN| zubha manovRttiyAM bhAvapuNya haiM aura zubha - pudgala paramANu dravya puNya haiN| puNya yA kuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa bhagavatIsUtra meM anukampA, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha pravRttiyoM ko puNyopArjana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai|' sthAnAMgasUtra meM nau prakAra ke puNya nirUpita haiM / " annapuNya- bhojanAdi dekara kSudhArta kI kSudhA - nivRtti karanA / 1. 2. pAnapuNya-- tRSA ( pyAsa) se pIr3ita vyakti ko pAnI pilAnA / 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. layanapuNya - nivAsa ke lie sthAna denA jaise dharmazAlAe~ Adi banavAnA / zayanapuNya- zayyA, bichaunA Adi denA / vastrapuNya - vastra kA dAna denA / manapuNya- mana se zubha vicAra karanA arthAt jagat ke maMgala kI zubhakAmanA karanA / vacanapuNya - prazasta evaM santoSa dene vAlI vANI kA prayoga karanA / kAya puNya -- rogI, duHkhita evaM pUjya janoM kI sevA karanA /

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134 9. namaskAra puNya- gurujanoM ke prati Adara prakaTa karane ke lie unakA abhivAdana krnaa| puNya aura pApa (zubha-aura azubha) kI kasauTI zubhAzubhatA yA puNya-pApa ke nirNaya ke do AdhAra ho sakate haiM- 1. karma kA bAhya svAhA arthAt samAja para usakA pravAha aura 2. kartA kA abhipraay| ina donoM meM kauna sA AdhAra yathArtha hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| gItA aura bauddha darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI kRtyoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA saccA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| gItA spaSTa rUpa se kahatI hai ki 'jisameM kartRtva bhAva nahIM hai, jisakI buddhi nirlipta hai, vaha karttavyabhAva se ina saba logoM mAra DAle to bhI yaha samajhanA cAhie ki usane na to kisI ko mArA hai aura na vaha usa karma se bandhana ko prApta hotA hai|'10 dhammapada meM buddha-vacana bhI aisA hI hai ki naiSkarmyasthiti ko prApta brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA ko, do kSatriya rAjAoM ko evaM prajA sahita rASTra ko mArakara bhI niSpApa hokara jAtA hai| 11 bauddha darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI puNya-pApa kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isakA pramANa sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke Ardraka samvAda meM bhI milatA hai| 12 jahA~ taka jaina mAnyatA kA prazna hai, vidvAnoM ke anusAra usameM bhI kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI karma kI zubhAzubhatA kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| muni suzIlakumAra jI likhate haiM ki zubha-azubha karma ke bandha kA mukhya AdhAra manovRttiyAM hI haiN| eka DAkTara kisI ko pIr3A pahuMcAne ke lie usakA vraNa cIratA hai| usase cAhe rogI ko lAbha hI ho jAye parantu DAkTara to pApa-karma ke bandhana kA hI bhAgI hogaa| isake viparIta vahI DAkTara karuNA se prerita hokara vraNa cIratA hai aura kadAcit usase rogI kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai, to bhI DAkTara apanI zubha-bhAvanA ke kAraNa puNya kA bandha karatA hai| 23 paNDita sukhalAlajI bhI yahI kahate haiM, puNyabandha aura pApa-bandha kI saccI kasauTI kevala UparI kriyA nahIM hai, kintu usakI yathArtha kasauTI kartA kA Azaya hI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jisa vyakti meM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hai, vahI puNya karmoM kA sraSTA hai| 15 dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki samasta prANiyoM ko jo apane samAna samajhatA hai aura jisakA sabhI ke prati samabhAva hai, vaha pApa-karma kA bandha nahIM karatA hai| 16 sUtrakRtAGga ke anusAra bhI dharma-adharma (zubhAzubhatva) ke nirNaya meM apane samAna dUsare ko samajhanA caahie| 17 sabhI ko jIvita rahane kI icchA hai| koI bhI maranA nahIM caahtaa| sabhI ko apane prANa priya haiN| sukha anukUla hai aura duHkha prtikuul| isalie vahI AcaraNa zreSTha hai, jisake dvArA kisI bhI prANI kA hanana nahIM ho|8 kauna sA karma bandhanakAraka hai aura kauna sA karma bandhanakAraka nahIM hai, isakA nirNaya kriyA ke bAhya rUpa se nahIM varan kriyA ke mUla meM nihita cetanA kI rAgAtmakatA ke AdhAra para hogaa| paM0 sukhalAlajI karmagrantha kI bhUmikA meM likhate haiM ki sAdhAraNa

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135 loga yaha samajha baiThate haiM ki amuka kAma nahIM karane se apane ko puNya-pApa kA lepa nahIM lagegA, isase ve kAma ko chor3a dete haiM para badhA unakI mAnasika kriyA nahIM chuutttii| isase ve iccha rahane para bhI puNya-pApa ke lepa (bandha) se apane ko mukta nahIM kara skte| yadi kaSAya (rAgAdibhAva) nahIM hai to Upara kI koI bhI kriyA AtmA ko bandhana meM rakhane meM samartha nahIM hai| isase ulTe, yadi kaSAya kA vega bhItara vartamAna hai to Upara se hajAra yatna karane para bhI koI apane ko bandhana se chur3A nahIM sktaa| isI se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki Asakti chor3akara jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai vaha bandhanakAraka nahIM hotaa| 19. ata: bandhana ke bhaya se paropakAra kI pravRttiyoM evaM lokahita ke apane dAyitvoM ko chor3a baiThanA ucita nahIM haiN| kyA puNyakarma (zubhakarma) Asrava hI hai? vastuta: puNya ko anupAdeya yA heya mAnane kI pravRtti kA mUla kAraNa use Asrava rUpa mAnanA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM zubha kA Asrava kahA hai, kintu prathama to dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki zubha kA Asrava heya nahIM hai| umAsvAti ne bhI kahIM bhI zubha ko heya nahIM kahA hai| jo bhI Asrava hai, vaha sabhI heya yA anupAdeya hai aisA anekAntavAdI jaina darzana kA siddhAnta nahIM hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki jo Asrava ke hetu haiM, ve parisrava arthAt saMvara aura nirjarA ke hetu bhI bana jAte haiM aura jo parisrava arthAta saMvara aura nirjarA ke hetu haiM ve Asrava ke hetu bhI bana sakate hai| ata: puNya-karma Asrava rUpa hI haiM- aisI jaina darzana kI ekAnta avadhAraNA nahIM hai| apanI kRti meM paM0 pravara kanhaiyAlAla jI lor3hA kasAyapAhaDa kI jayadhavala TIkA ke AdhAra para likhate haiM ki dayA, dAna, karuNA, vAtsalya, vaiyAvRtya Adi sad pravRttiyo ko zubhayoga va puNya kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI zubhayoga ko saMvara bhI kahA gayA hai| jayadhavalA meM kahA gayA hai ki zubha aura zuddha pariNAmoM se karmoM kA kSaya na mAnA jAye to phira karmoM kA kSaya ho hI nahIM sktaa| vastuta: unakI yaha avadhAraNA yuktisaMgata hai ki zubhabhAva kaSAya ke udaya se nahIM, kaSAya kI maMdatA se hote haiM ata: ve saMvara rUpa bhI haiN| yaha nizcita siddhAnta hai ki zubha pariNAmoM ke udaya se azubha pariNAmoM kA saMvara hotA hai aura azubha pariNAmoM kA saMvara hI vAstavika artha meM saMvara hai| puNya meM pravRtti hone se pApa se nivRtti svAbhAvika rUpa se hotI hai| ata: puNya ko Astrava rUpa aura saMvara rUpa donoM hI mAnanA hogaa| puNya cAhe zubha kA Asrava ho, kintu usI samaya vaha azubha kA to saMvara hai hii| puNya karma aura unakA bandha evaM vipAka yaha satya hai ki puNya karma bhI hai| kyoMki usakA Asrava, bandha aura vipAka mAnA gayA hai, kintu sabhI prakAra ke Asrava aura bandha samAna nahIM hote haiN| vastuta:

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136 vahI Asrava, bandha evaM vipAka heya kahA jAtA hai jisake kAraNa AtmA kA svasvabhAva vikArI banatA hai arthAt vibhAva pariNati hotI hai| jaina paramparA meM inheM ghAtI karma kahA gayA hai| puNya dvArA jina karma prakRtiyoM kA bandha hotA hai ve sabhI aghAtI karma kI haiM arthAt unase AtmA kA svabhAva vikArI nahIM hotA hai| mokSa-prApti ke samaya meM AyuSya karma kA kSaya hone para arthAt AyuSya pUrNa hone para puNya karma bhI svata: hI samApta ho jAte haiN| puNya karmoM ko kSaya karane para kisI prayatna yA puruSArtha kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai| puNya karma tabhI bandhaka banate haiM jaba ve phalAkAMkSA aura rAgAtmakatA se yukta hote haiN| anyathA to ve IryApathika karma kI taraha prathama samaya meM baMdhakara dUsare hI samaya meM nirjarita ho jAte haiM, unakA sthiti bandha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki sthiti bandha kaSAya ke nimitta se hotA hai aura kaSAya cAhe kisI bhI rUpa meM ho vaha puNya rUpa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| puNya prakRti kA bandha to mana, vacana, kAyA ke zubha yoga hI karate haiN| kaSAya ke abhAva meM vItarAga ke puNya karma hote hue bhI mAtra IryApathika Asrava evaM bandha hotA hai| jaina karma siddhAnta kA niyama hai ki gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM kaSAya ke udaya na hone para jIvoM ke prati karuNA, sevA evaM vinaya rUpa puNya pravRttiyAM rahane para bhI unase mAtra dvisamaya kI sattA vAle Ipithika sAtAvedanIya (puNya prakRti) kA bandha hotA hai| jise jaina paramparA meM I-pathika karma yA akarma kahA gayA hai, aisA karma vastutaH karma hI nahIM hai| vastuta: jo bhavabhramaNa kA kAraNa ho yA mukti meM bAdhaka ho yA jisase Atma-svabhAva vikAra dazA yA vibhAva dazA ko prApta hotA ho vahI karma hai, zeSa to akarma hI hai| sUtrakRttAMga meM apramAda kI sthiti meM sampanna kriyA ko akarma kahA gayA hai| isalie vaha sadpravRtti rUpa puNya karma na to heya hai aura na upekSA ke yogya hai, apitu aisA karma to kartavya bhAva se karaNIya hI mAnA gayA hai| vastuta: jo loga puNya ko bandhana rUpa mAnakara usakI upekSA kA nirdeza karate haiM, ve puNya ke vAstavika svarUpa se paricita hI nahIM haiN| unhoMne phalAkAMkSA yukta sakAma karma karane ko hI puNya karma samajha liyA / hai| jo vAstavika artha meM puNya karma na hokara pApa hI hai, kyoMki 'rAga' pApa hai| puNya kI upAdeyatA kA prazna __ paNya kI upAdeyatA ko siddha karane ke lie AdhyAtmika sAdhaka prajJApuruSA paM0 kanhaiyAlAla jI lor3hA ne ati parizrama karake apanI kRti meM sapramANa yaha siddha - karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki puNya heya nahIM hai, apitu upAdeya hai| yadi puNya karma ko mukti meM bAdhaka mAnakara heya mAneMge to tIrthaMkara nAma gotra karma ko bhI mukti meM bAdhaka mAnanA hogA, kintu koI bhI jaina vicAraka tIrthaMkara nAma

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gotra karma ke bandha ko mukti meM bAdhaka, anupAdeya yA heya nahIM mAnatA hai| kyoMki tIrthaMkara nAma gotrakarma ke bandha ke pazcAt niyamata: tIsare bhava meM avazya mukti hotI hai| puna: tIrthakara nAma-gotra karma kA, jaba taka unake AyuSya karma kI sthiti hotI hai taba taka hI astitva rahatA hai| ata: vaha mukti meM bAdhaka nahIM hotA, kyoMki tIrthaMkara nAma karma se yukta jIva tIrthaMkara nAma karma gotra ke udaya kI avasthA meM niyama se hI mukti ko prApta hotA hai| vastuta: vyakti meM jaba taka yoga arthAta mana-vacana-karma kI pravRttiyA~ haiM taba taka karmAsrava aparihArya hai| phira bhI jainAcAryoM ne ina yogoM athavA mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ko heya nahIM batAyA hai aura na unheM tyAgane kA hI nirdeza diyA hai| unakA nirdeza mAtra itanA hI hai ki mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ko heya nahIM batAyA hai aura na unheM tyAgane kA hI nirdeza diyA hai| unakA nirdeza mAtra itanA hI hai ki mana, vacana aura kAyA kI jo azubha yA aprazasta pravRttiyAM haiM, unheM rokA jAye, prazasta pravRttiyoM ke rokane kA kahIM bhI koI nirdeza nahIM hai| tIrthakara athavA kevalI bhI yoga-nirodha usI samaya karatA hai jaba AyuSya karma mAtra pAMca hrasva-svaroM ke uccAraNa meM lagane vAle samaya ke samatulya raha jAtA hai, ata: puNya karma ko mukti meM bAdhaka yA saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| vastuta: saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa rAga-dveSa yA kaSAya ke tattva haiM kyoMki rAga-dveSa yA kaSAya ke abhAva meM mAtra yoga arthAt kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa jo karmAsrava hotA hai usase IryApathika bandha hotA hai, sAmparAyika bandha nahIM hotaa| jaina karma siddhAnta ke anusAra bandha ke cAra prakAroM meM yoga ke nimitta mAtra prakRti aura pradeza kA hI bandha hotA hai tathA rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa unakA sthiti bandha nahIM ho pAtA ata: IryApathika Asrava aura IryApathika bandha meM sthiti kA abhAva hotA hai aura sthiti ke abhAva meM ve karma dUsare samaya ke pazcAt hI nirjarita ho jAte haiM, ata: puNyAsrava yA puNya karma saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa nahIM hai| satya to yaha hai ki IryApathika Asrava vastutaH bandha nahIM karatA hai| __kabhI-kabhI yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki puNya karma karane meM prazasta rAga hotA hai aura prazasta rAga bhI saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hotA hai| vastuta: yahAM hama do bAtoM ko Apasa meM milA dete haiN| karma kI prazastatA aura karma kI rAgAtmakatA ye do alaga-alaga tathya haiN| jo prazasta karma hai vaha rAgAtmaka bhI ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| bandhana meM DAlane vAlA tattva rAga-dveSa yA kaSAya hai, jaina karma siddhAnta ke anusAra usakI anupasthiti meM bandhana nahIM hotA hai| vastutaH prazastakarma kA sampAdana bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hai| sabhI sadpravRttiyAM yA puNya karma rAgAtmakatA yA Asakti se utpanna nahIM hote haiN| prajJAvAna AtmAoM ke karma kartavya bhAva se hote haiM aura mAtra kartavya buddhi

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138 se kiyA gayA vinaya yA sevA rUpa kArya bandhana kA nahIM apitu nirjarA kA hI hetu hotA hai| isa prakAra karma phala kI AkAMkSA, mamatva buddhi yA kaSAya hI usake bandhana ke kAraNa haiM kyoMki unakI upasthiti meM hI karma kA sthitibandha hotA hai aura sthiti ko lekara jo karmabandhate haiM, ve hI saMsAra paribhramaNa ke kAraNa aura mukti meM bAdhaka hote haiM, na ki kartavya buddhi se kiye gaye satkarma yA puNya karma / kyA puNya dharma nahIM hai punaH yaha bhI prazna uThAyA jAtA hai ki jo Asrava kA hetu ho yA karma rUpa ho vaha dharma nahIM ho sakatA / puNya Asrava hai vaha dharma nahIM hai athavA yaha ki puNya karma hai ataH vaha dharma nahIM ho sakatA / vastutaH Asrava yA karma dharma hai yA dharma nahIM haiyaha prazna isa tathya se jur3A huA hai ki dharma se hamArA kyA tAtparya hai ? sAmAnyatayA dharma zabda vastu svabhAva, karttavya bhAva aura sAdhanA paddhati ina tIna arthoM meM pracalita hai | yadi hama dharma kA artha svabhAva lete haiM to hameM yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki puNyAsrava yA puNya-bandha yA puNya- vipAka AtmA ke vibhAva rUpa haiM yA svabhAva rUpa haiN| itanA nizcita hai ki puNya kA Asrava, puNya kA bandha aura puNya kA udaya yA vipAka vibhAva ke hetu nahIM haiN| ve vibhAva ke hetu tabhI banate haiM jaba unake sAtha rAga-dveSa yA kaSAya ke tattva praviSTa ho jAte haiN| rAga-dveSa se Upara uThakara vizuddha rUpa se karttavya buddhi se vinaya pratipatti aura vaiyAvRtti yA sevA ke kArya vibhAva pariNati ke kAraNa nahIM haiM, kyoMki karttavya buddhi se kI gayI kriyAe~ mamatva yA rAga se nahIM, apitu tyAga bhAvanA se hI pratiphalita hotI haiM / jaina paramparA meM puNya ke rUpa meM dAna, sevAvRtti aura vinaya pratipatti kA jo ullekha huA hai, vaha tyAga bhAvanA aura mAtra karttavya buddhi se sambhava hai| dAna mamatva ke visarjana meM hI sambhava hotA hai aura mamatva kA visarjana yA tyAga bhAva svabhAva pariNati hai, vibhAva pariNati nahIM / punaH yadi tyAga bhAva yA mamatva kA visarjana svabhAva pariNati hai to vaha dharma hai aura aisI sthiti meM puNya ko bhI dharma hI mAnanA hogA / punaH tyAga bhAva athavA mAtra kartavya buddhi se kiyA gayA karma vastutaH niSkAma karma yA akarma kI koTi meM AtA hai, kyoMki jo karma rAga-dveSa mamatva se Upara uThakara mAtra kartavya buddhi se kiyA jAtA hai aisA niSkAma karma dharma kA hI aMga hai| binA phala kI AkAMkSA ke kartavya buddhi se karma karane para vibhAva meM pariNati nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki vibhAva dazA tabhI sambhava hotI haiM jaba 'para' meM 'sva' kA arthAt mamatva buddhi kA AropaNa hotA hai| mamatva buddhi yA rAgAtmakatA se athavA phalAkAMkSA se kiyA gayA kArya hI bandhana kA kAraNa hotA hai aura isalie usakI gaNanA azubha karma yA pApa karma meM hotI hai, kintu mamatva buddhi se Upara uThakara mAtra karttavya buddhi se jo karma kiyA jAtA hai vaha karma akarma bana jAtA hai aura niSkAma karma yA akarma dharma hI hotA hai ataH puNya dharma hai| vastutaH zubha karma yA puNya karma karate samaya yadi vyakti mamatva buddhi yA rAgAtmakatA

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139 ko rakhakara calatA hai to vaha puNya ko pApa meM hI parivartita kara detA hai| use pApAnubandhI puNya kahA hai vahI bandhana rUpa hai| na kevala jaina paramparA meM apitu gItA meM bhI kartavya buddhi se kiye gaye karma bandhana ke kAraNa nahIM mAne gaye haiM, apitu unheM dharma yA mukti kA hetu hI kahA gayA hai| karma meM rAgAtmakatA yA phalabuddhi Anepara kartavya buddhi samApta ho jAtI hai aura karttavya buddhi samApta ho jAne para vaha karma vikarma yA pApa karma bana jAtA hai| ata: puNya Asrava kA nimitta hote hue bhI dharma hI hai, kyoMki usameM karttavya buddhi hI hotI hai| ata: puNya ko dharma kI koTi meM hI sthAna denA hogaa| puNya dharma nahIM hai athavA dharma puNya nahIM hai yA puNya aura dharma bhitra-bhinna haiMjo loga aisI avadhAraNA rakhate haiM, ve vastuta: puNya kA artha mamatva-buddhi yA rAgAtmakatA se yukta karma hI lete haiN| kintu sabhI zubha karma yA puNya karma rAgAtmakatA se hI sampanna hote haiM, yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| aneka zubha karma yA puNya karma mAtra karttavya buddhi se sampanna hote haiM aura jo karma mAtra kartavya buddhi se sampatra hote haiM ve dharma hI kahe jAyeMge kyoMki karttavya-pAlana dharma hI hai| vastuta: kisI karma meM mamatva buddhi yA phalAkAMkSA kA jitanA tattva hotA hai, vahI use azubha yA pApa meM parivartita kara detA hai| ve puNya karma jo karttavya buddhi se yA niSkAma bhAva se sampanna kiye jAte haiM, ve dharma hI haiN| ve na to bandhana ke hetu haiM aura na mokSa kI prApti meM baadhk| aise karmoM ke sambandha meM dharma aura puNya ko ekAtmaka yA abhinna mAnanA hogaa| sevA, vinaya Adi ke jina karmoM ke pIche mamatva ddhi yA phalAkAMkSA jur3I huI hotI hai, ve zuddha rUpa meM puNya karma nahIM kahe jA sakate haiN| ve pApAnubandhI puNya haiM aura isI prakAra sevAdi ke jina kAryoM meM phalAkAMkSA yA phala buddhi hai ve puNyAnubandhI pApa haiN| kyoMki bhaviSya kI phalAkAMkSA unheM pAparUpa banA detI hai| jina sthitiyoM meM puNya aura pApa kA mizraNa hai vahA~ rAgAtmakatA yA phalAkAMkSA kI upasthiti usa karma ko puNya se pApa ke rUpa meM vaisA hI parivartita kara detI haiM jaise dUdha meM DAlA gayA thor3A sA dahI sampUrNa dUdha ko dahI meM parivartita kara detA haiN| jaina darzana meM pApa ke jo aThAraha prakAra mAne gaye haiM unameM rAga-dveSa bhI haiN| rAgAtmakatA puNya nahIM hai, ata: vaha dharma bhI nahIM hai| jisa karma ke pIche rAgAtmakatA yA phalAkAMkSA hogI vaha pApa karma yA adharma hI hogaa| ata: prazasta rAga jaise zabda mAtra bhrAnti hI khar3I karate haiN| karma-siddhAnta kI apekSA saga kabhI bhI prazasta nahIM hai, ata: vaha dharma nahIM hai| puNya kyA hai? yadi isa prazna kA saMkSipta uttara denA hai to hama kaheMge-puNya vaha hai jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai| (punAti vA pavitrIkarotyAtmAnamiti puNyam) puNya kI isa vyutpattiparaka paribhASA ke AdhAra para use kisI bhI sthiti meM heya aura tyAjya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki sabhI dharmoM aura sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA mUla uddezya to

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140 AtmA kI pavitratA ko hI prApta karanA hai jo tattva AtmA kI pavitratA meM sAdhaka ho vaha heya yA tyAjya kaise ho sakatA hai| puNya kI dUsarI paribhASA-paropakAra: puNyAya pApAya parapIDanam' ke anusAra jisase dUsaroM ko duHkha ho, pIr3A pahuMce vaha pApa hai aura jo dUsaroM kA hita kare, upakAra kare vaha puNya hai| isa prakAra paropakAra ko hI dharma kahA jAtA hai| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI ne bhI kahA hai parahita sarisa dharama nahiM bhaaii| para pIr3A sama nahiM adhmaaii|| kevala unhIM puNyakarmoM ko dharma kI koTi meM nahIM liyA jA sakatA jo phalAkAMkSA yA mamatva buddhi se prerita hote haiN| jo bhI lokamaMgala ke kArya mAtra kartavyabuddhi se kiye jAte haiM, jinake pIche kisI phalAkAMkSA yA rAga-dveSa kA tattva nahIM hotA, ve dharma se abhinna hI haiM, kyoMki unameM jo Ipithika Asrava aura IryApathika bandha hotA hai vaha vastuta: bandha nahIM hai| niSkAma puNya pravRttiyAM zubha bhI hotI haiM aura zuddha bhii| zubha zuddha kA virodhI nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki puNya kA kArya Atmavizuddhi rUpa pravRttiyAM haiM ve dharma hI haiN| zubha evaM zuddha avirodhI hai __sAmAnyatayA yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki puNya prakRtiyoM aura nivRttimUlaka dharma-sAdhanA meM athavA zubha aura zuddha meM paraspara virodha hai, kintu yaha eka bhrAnta avadhAraNA hai| zuddha dazA kI upalabdhi ke liye zubha kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hotI hai, jaise kapar3e ke maila ko haTAne ke liye sAbuna Avazyaka hai| hama yaha jAnate haiM ki azubha pravRtti se nivRtti tabhI sambhava hotI hai jaba zubha yoga meM pravRtti hotI hai| azubha se bacane ke liye zubha meM athavA pApa pravRttiyoM se bacane ke liye puNya pravRttiyoM meM jur3anA Avazyaka hai| hamArI cittavRtti prArambhika avasthA meM nirvikalpa avasthA ko prApta nahIM ho sktii| citta vizuddhi ke liye sarvaprathama citta meM loka maMgala yA loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA ko sthAna denA hotA hai| azubha se zubha kI ora bar3hanA hotA hai aura zubha kI ora bar3hanA hI zuddha kI ora bar3hanA hai| jisa prakAra vastra kI zuddhi ke liye pahale sAbuna Adi lagAnA hotA hai, sAbuna Adi dravya vastra kI vizuddhi meM sAdhaka hI hote haiM bAdhaka nhiiN| usI prakAra niSkAma bhAva se kiye gaye loka maMgala ke kArya bhI mukti meM sAdhaka hote haiM bAdhaka nhiiN| jisa prakAra vastra kI zuddhi prakriyA meM bhI vastra se maila ko nikAlane kA hI prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, sAbuna to maila ke nikAlane ke sAtha hI svata: hI nikala jAtA hai usI prakAra cAhe puNya pravRttiyoM ke nimitta se Asrava hotA bhI ho, kintu vaha Asrava Atma-vizuddhi kA sAdhaka hI hotA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki zuddhopayoga kI avasthA meM puNya ke Asrava se sthiti bandha nahIM hotaa| tIrthaMkara athavA kevalI sadaiva

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141 zuddhopayoga meM hI rahate haiM, kintu unako bhI apanI yoga pravRtti dvArA vedanIya karma kA Asrava jo puNya prakRti kA Asrava haiM yA IryApathika Asrava hai, hotA hI rahatA hai / isakA phalita yaha hai ki zubhopayoga zuddhopayoga meM bAdhaka nahIM hai, apitu sAdhaka hI hai| jaina sAdhanA kA krama yahI hai ki vyakti azubha se zubha kI ora aura zubha se zuddha kI ora bddh'e| ataH zubhopayoga aura zuddhopayoga paraspara virodhI nahIM haiM zubhopayoga ke sadbhAva meM zuddhopayoga sambhava hai| vastutaH zuddhopayoga meM bAdhaka ve hI tathAkathita zubha pravRttiyAM hotI haiM, jo phalAkAMkSA se yA rAgAtmakatA se yukta hotI haiN| vastutaH ve to phalAkAMkSA yA rAgAtmakatA ke kAraNa azubha hI hotI haiM, kintu loka vyavahAra meM athavA upacAra se unheM zubha kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM koI vyakti apane ahaM kI santuSTi ke liye arthAt mAna kaSAya kI pUrti ke liye dAna detA hai| bAhara se to usakA yaha karma zubha dikhAI detA hai, kintu vastutaH vaha mAna kaSAya kA hetu hone ke kAraNa azubha hI hai| zubha karma do prakAra ke hote haiM eka ve jo bAhya pratIti ke rUpa meM to zubha dikhAI dete haiM, kintu vastutaH zubha hote nahIM haiM, mAtra vyavahAra meM unheM zubha kahA jAtA hai| dUsare ve jo niSkAma bhAva se mAtra dUsaroM ke prati anukampA yA hita buddhi se kiye jAte haiM ve vastutaH zubha hote haiN| niSkAma bhAva aura karttavya buddhi se loka maMgala ke liye kiye gaye aise karma zubha bhI haiM aura zuddha bhii| yahAM zubha aura zuddha meM virodha nahIM hai / kasAyapAhuDa kI jayadhavalA TIkA meM anukampA aura zuddhopayoga se bhI Azrava mAnA hai, kintu aisA Azrava heya nahIM hai| tIrthaMkara vItarAga hote haiN| unheM zuddhopayoga dazA meM bhI yoga kI sattA bane rahane para zubhAssrava to hotA hI hai| ataH zuddhopayoga aura zubhAsrava virodhI nahIM hai| zuddhopayoga AtmA kI avasthA hai jabaki zubha yoga, jo puNya bandha kA kAraNa hai mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti kA pariNAma hai| jaba taka jIvana hai, yoga hoMge hii| yadi zubha yoga nahIM hoMge to azubha yoga hoMge, ataH azubha se nivRtti ke liye zubha meM pravRtti Avazyaka hai arthAt pApa se nivRtti ke liye puNya rUpa pravRtti Avazyaka hai| pApa se arthAt azubha yoga se nivRtti hone para hI zubha yoga dvArA zuddhopayoga kI prApti sambhava hai| zubha yoga zuddhopayoga meM bAdhaka nahIM, sAdhaka hai zubha yoga aura zuddhopayoga meM sAdhana-sAdhya bhAva hai, ata: unheM avirodhI mAnakara zuddhopayoga dazA kI prApti ke liye sAdhanarUpa zubha yogoM arthAt puNya karmoM kA avalambana lenA cAhiye / pAparUpI bImArI ko haTAne ke liye puNya pravRtti auSadhi rUpa hai jisase Atma-vizuddhi rUpa svAsthya yA zuddhopayoga dazA kI prApti hotI hai| zuddhopayoga meM zubhopayoga arthAt puNya karma bAdhaka nahIM sAdhaka hI hai| vastutaH zubhAzubha karmoM se jo Upara uThane kI bAta kahI jAtI hai usakA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hai ki mokSa rUpI sAdhya kI upalabdhi hone para vyakti puNya-pApa donoM kA atikramaNa kara jAtA hai| jisa prakAra nadI pAra karane ke liye naukA kI apekSA hotI hai, kintu jaise hI kinArA prApta ho jAtA hai naukA bhI chor3a denA par3atI hai, kintu isase naukA kI mUlyavattA yA

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142 mahattA ko kama nahIM AMkanA caahiye| pAra hone ke liye usakI AvazyakatA to aparihArya rUpa se hotI hai| vaise hI saMsAra rUpI samudra se pAra hone ke liye puNya rUpI naukA apekSita hai, kyoMki sAdhanA kI pUrNatA mAnavIya guNoM kI abhivyakti meM hai aura mAnavIya guNoM kI abhivyakti ke liye puNya karmoM kA sampAdana Avazyaka hai, ata: puNya karmoM kI upAdeyatA nirvivAda hai| puNya karmoM ko bandhana rUpa mAnakara jo unakI upekSA jAtI hai vaha bandhana ke svarUpa kI sahI samajha nahIM hone ke kAraNa hai| puNya karma jaba niSkAma bhAva se kiye jAte haiM to unase bandhana nahIM hotA hai| yadi jaina dharma kI zAstrIya bhASA meM kaheM to unameM mAtra IryApathika bandha hotA hai, jo vastuta: bandha nahIM hai| bandhana jaba bhI hogA vaha rAga-dveSa (kaSAya) evaM phalAkAMkSA kI sattA hone para hI hogA, unakA abhAva hone para bandhana nahIM hogaa| jaina karma siddhAnta kA yaha zAzvata niyama hai ki kisI bhI karma kA sthiti bandha kaSAya kA kAraNa haiN| ata: vItarAga dazA kI prApti para zubha karma yA puNya karma akarma bana jAte haiM, ve bandhana nahIM karate haiN| ata: tyAjya 'kaSAya' hai na ki 'puNya' krm| AtmA kI zuddha dazA kI prApti arthAt zuddhopayoga meM upasthiti kaSAya ke abhAva meM sambhava hai| ata: usakI prApti ke lie kaSAya kA tyAga Avazyaka hai, na ki puNya pravRtti kaa| vastuta: jaba rAga-dveSa (kaSAya) evaM phalAkAMkSA samApta ho jAtI hai taba vaha zubhakarma akarma bana jAtA hai| kaSAya cAhe adhika ho yA alpa, vaha tyAjya hai, vaha pAparUpa hI hai kyoMki vaha bandhana kA kAraNa hI hai| kanhaiyAlAla jI lor3hA kA yaha kathana zata pratizata sahI hai ki manda kaSAya pAparUpa hai, kintu kaSAya kI mandatA puNya rUpa hai| kaSAya meM jitanI mandatA hogI puNyaprabhAra utanA hI adhika hogaa| puNya pravRtti jaba bhI hotI haiM, ve kaSAya ko mandatA meM hI hotI hai ata: kaSAya cAhe vaha manda hI kyoM na ho, tyAjya hai- kintu kaSAya kI mandatA upAdeya hai, kyoMki sAdhaka kaSAya ko manda karate-karate anta meM vItarAga dazA ko upalabdha ho jAtA hai aura jaba vaha vItarAga dazA ko upalabdha ho jAtA hai to usakI svAbhAvika rUpa se ni:sRta hone vAlI lokamaMgalakArI puNya pravRttiyA~ bandhana kAraka nahIM hotI haiN| ve tyAjya nahIM, apitu upAdeya hI hotI haiN| bandhana puNya pravRttiyoM se nahIM hotA hai, bandhana to vyakti kI nidAna buddhi yA phalAkAMkSA se hotA hai athavA kaSAya kI upasthiti se hotA hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta ke anusAra bhI karmabandha dasaveM guNasthAna taka hI sambhava hai, kyoMki dasaveM guNasthAna meM saMjvalana lobha (sUkSma lobha) kI sattA hai| gyArahaveM guNasthAna se lekara caudahaveM guNasthAna taka lokamaMgala kI pravRttiyoM ke phalasvarUpa jo dvi-samaya kA IryApathika sAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha hotA hai vastuta: vaha bandha nahIM hai| ata: puNya rUpa sapravRttiyA~ bandha rUpa nahIM haiM ata: ve heya nahIM upAdeya haiN| heya to kaSAya haiM, jo pApa rUpa haiN| apanI kRti meM paM0 kanhaiyAlAla jI lor3hA ne puNya pravRttiyoM kI upAdeyatA ko sapramANa siddha kiyA

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143 hai, unake mukhya pratipAdya bindu nimna hai(1) puNyatattva aura puNyakarma meM antara hai| cAhe puNya karma bandha ke nimitta ho, kintu puNyatattva bandha kA nimitta nahIM hai| puNyakarma kriyA yA yoga rUpa hai| isase usakA Asrava evaM bandha sambhava hai, kintu puNyatattva upayoga rUpa hai, zubha Atma pariNAma rUpa hai jo kaSAya kI mandatA kA pariNAma hai| ata: kaSAya kI mandatA rUpa puNya tattva Atma-vizuddhi kA nimitta hone se upAdeya hai| kaSAya kI mandatA aura manda kaSAya meM antara hai| jahA~ kaSAya kI mandatA puNya rUpa hai vahA~ manda kaSAya bhI pApa rUpa hai| kaSAya kI mandatA se zubhapariNAma hote haiM aura usase puNya tattva meM abhivRddhi hotI hai, jabaki manda kaSAya se bhI azubha pariNAma hI utpanna hote haiM aura unase pApa tattva kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| isa prakAra kaSAya kI mandatA puNya kA hetu hai, jabaki manda kaSAya pApa ke het haiN| (3) kaSAya kI mandatA se huI puNya kI abhivRddhi Atma-vizuddhi kA hetu hone se __ mokSa kI upalabdhi meM sAdhaka hai| ata: puNya mokSa kA sAdhaka hone se upAdeya hai, jabaki pApa mokSa meM bAdhaka hone se heya hai| (4) puNya pApa kA prakSAlana karatA hai, ata: puNya sone kI ber3I na hokara sone kA AbhUSaNa hai| ber3I bandhana meM DAlatI hai, AbhUSaNa nhiiN| ber3I bAdhyatAvaza dhAraNa karanI par3atI hai, jabaki AbhUSaNa svecchA se dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| ata: ber3I se hama icchAnusAra mukta nahIM ho sakate haiM kintu AbhUSaNa se icchAnusAra mukta ho sakate haiN| ata: AbhUSaNa rUpa puNya ke kSaya kA koI upAya kisI sAdhanA meM nirdiSTa nahIM hai| (5) dayA, dAna, karuNA, vAtsalya, sevA Adi sadpravRttiyoM se bandha nahIM hotA hai| bandha to tabhI hotA hai, jaba kartA meM phalAkAMkSA, nidAna kartRtva yA bhauktRtva rUpa kaSAya pariNAma ho| saMkSepa meM zubhayoga ke sAtha rahA huA kaSAya bhAva hI una karmoM ke sthiti bandha kA kAraNa hotA hai| zubha yoga karma bandha kA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| (6) puNya svabhAva hai, svabhAva kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| puna: jo svabhAva hotA hai, vahI dharma hai| puNya svabhAva hai ata: vaha dharma hai| puna: svabhAva kA tyAga sambhava nahIM hai, ata: 'puNya tyAjya nahIM haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki tIrthaMkara kevalajJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt bhI lokakalyANa yA prANiyoM ke prati anukampA kI dRSTi se hI tIrtha pravartana, dharmopadeza Adi pravRtti karate haiN| ata: puNya kabhI bhI tyAjya nahIM hai, vaha sadaiva hI upAdeya hai|

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144 (7) puNya kevala Asrava yA bandha rUpa nahIM hai, apitu saMvara aura nirjarA rUpa bhI hai, ata: puNya heya nahIM upAdeya hai| (8) puNya-pApa karma kA sambandha unakI phaladAna zakti-anubhAga se hai, sthiti bandha se nahIM hai| (9) jaina darzana meM vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi ke liye rAgAdi pApoM ko hI tyAjya kahA hai, puNya ko nhiiN| ata: Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa Adi tattvoM ke bheda-upabheda kA pratipAdana pApa ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI kiyA hai, puNya ko lekara nhiiN| (10) jaina karma-siddhAnta meM jIva ke svabhAva va guNa kA ghAtaka ghAtI karmoM ko hI kahA hai, aghAtI karmoM ko nhiiN| aghAtI karmoM kI asAtA vedanIya, nIca gotra, anAdeya, ayazakIrti Adi pApaprakRtiyoM kI sattA bhI jIva ke kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana Adi kisI bhI guNa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka nahIM hai| ata: puNya prakRtiyoM ko jIva ke kisI guNa kI upalabdhi meM evaM vItarAgatA meM bAdhaka mAnanA siddhAnta viruddha hai| (11) puNya-pApa donoM virodhI haiN| ata: jitanA pApa ghaTatA hai utanA hI puNya bar3hatA hai| puNya ke anubhAga kI vRddhi pApa ke kSaya kI sUcaka hai| puNya ke anubhAga ke ghaTane se pApa karmoM ke sthiti aura anubhAga bandha niyama se bar3hate haiN| (12) puNya ke anubhAga kA kisI bhI sAdhanA se yahA~ taka ki kevala samuddhAta se bhI kSaya nahIM hotA hai| (13) cAroM aghAtI karmoM kI puNya prakRtiyoM kA upArjana cAroM kaSAyoM ke ghaTane se va kSaya se hotA hai| (14) puNya tyAjya nahIM hai, puNya ke sAtha rahA huA phalAkAMkSA nidAna, bhoktRtvabhAva kartRtvabhAva rUpa kaSAya va pApa tyAjya hai| jaise geMhU ke sAtha rahe hue kaMkara-miTTI evaM bhUsA tyAjya hai, gehU~ tyAjya nahIM hai| - (15) puNya kA anubhAga bar3hakara catuH sthAnika hue binA samyagdarzana aura utkRSTa hue binA kevalajJAna nahIM hotA hai| ata: puNya Atma-vikAsa meM, sAdhanA meM bAdhaka va heya nahIM hai| yaha to hamane lor3hAjI kI sthApanAoM kI saMkSipta jhalaka dI hai| unhoMne apanI kRti ke anta meM aise eka sau ikkIsa tathya prastuta kiye haiM, jo puNya kI upAdeyatA ko siddha karate haiN| vastuta: unakI ye sthApanAeM kisI pakSa-vizeSa ke khaNDana-maNDana kI dRSTi se nahIM, apitu jaina karma siddhAnta ke granthoM ke gambhIra AloDana kA pariNAma

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hai| ve mAtra vidvAn nahIM haiM, apitu sAdhaka bhI haiN| unake dvArA isa kRti kI racanA kA prayojana unake antas meM pravAhamAna karuNA kI ajasradhArA hI hai| unakA pratipAdya mAtra yahI hai ki dharma aura AdhyAtmikatA ke nAma para sevA aura karuNA kI sadpravRttiyoM kA samAja se vilopa na ho| kyoMki manuSya kI manuSyatA isI meM hai ki vaha dUsare prANiyoM kA rakSaka aura unake sukha-duHkha kA sahabhAgI bne| sandarbha : 1. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaNDa 5, pRSTha 876. 2. jainasiddhAntabolasaMgraha, bhAga 3, pRSTha 182. 3. tattvArthasUtra, 6/4. 4. yogazAstra, 4/107. 5. sthAnAGgaTIkA, 1.11-12. 6. jainadharma, pRSTha 84. 7. samayasAranATaka, utthAnikA 28. 8. bhagavatIsUtra, 7/10/121. 9. sthAnAGgasUtra, 9. 10. bhagavadgItA, 18.17. 11. dhammapada, 249. 12. sUtrakRtAGga, 2/6/27-42. 13. jainadharma, pRSTha 160. 14. darzana aura cintana, khaNDa 2, pRSTha 226. 15. anuyogadvArasUtra, 129. 16. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 129. 17. sUtrakRtAGga, 2/2/4, pRSTha 104. 18. dazavaikAlika, 6/11. 19. karmagrantha, prathama bhAga, bhUmikA, pRSTha 25-26.