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________________ paM0 mahendrakumAra 'nyAyAcArya' ke dvArA sampAdita evaM anUdita 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' kI samIkSA paM0 mahendrakumAra jI nyAyAcArya ke vaiduSya ko samajhanA ho, unakI pratibhA evaM vyaktitva kA mUlyAMkana karanA ho to hameM unakI kRtiyoM kA avalokana karanA hogaa| unake dvArA sampAdita, anUdita aura racita kRtiyoM se hI unake pratibhAzIla vyaktitva kA paricaya mila jAtA hai, jinameM samadarzI AcArya haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' aura usakI guNaratna kI TIkA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| unakI yaha kRti bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI ( vartamAna meM dehalI ) se san 1969 meM unake svargavAsa ke dasa varSa pazcAt prakAzita huI hai| unakI isa kRti para unake abhinna mitra evaM sAthI kI vistRta bhUmikA hai| prastuta samIkSA meM una pakSoM para jina para paM0 dalasukhabhAI kI bhUmikA meM ullekha huA hai, carcA nahIM karate hue maiMne mukhyata: unakI anuvAda zailI ko hI samIkSA kA AdhAra banAyA hai| yadi hama bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa meM sabhI pramukha darzanoM ke siddhAntoM ko eka hI grantha meM pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha prastuta karane hetu kiye gae prayatnoM ko dekhate haiM, to hamArI dRSTi meM haribhadra hI ve prathama vyakti haiM jinhoMne apane samaya ke pramukha sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ko niSpakSa rUpa se eka hI grantha meM prastuta kiyA hai / haribhadra ke 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' ko koTi kA koI anya darzana saMgrAhaka prAcIna grantha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi haribhadra ke pUrva aura haribhadra ke pazcAt bhI apane-apane granthoM meM vividha dArzanika siddhAntoM ko prastuta karane kA kArya aneka jaina evaM jainetara AcAryoM ne kiyA hai, kintu una sabakA uddezya anya darzanoM kI samIkSA kara apane darzana kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana karanA hI rahA hai, cAhe phira vaha mallavAdI kA dvAdazAranayacakra ho yA AcArya zaMkara kA sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha yA madhvAcArya kA sarvadarzanasaMgraha / ina granthoM meM pUrvadarzana kA unhIM darzanoM ke dvArA nirAkaraNa karate hue, anta meM apane siddhAnta kI sarvoparitA yA zreSThatA kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isI prakAra kA eka prayatna jainadarzana meM haribhadra ke lagabhaga tIna varSa pUrva pA~cavI zatAbdI meM mallavAdI ke nayacakra meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ SaDdarzana samuccaya kI samIkSA usameM bhI eka darzana ke dvArA dUsare darzana kA khaNDana karAte hue antima darzana kA khaNDana prathama darzana se karavAkara eka cakra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / yadyapi yaha spaSTa rUpa se jainadarzana kI sarvoparitA ko prastuta nahIM karatA kintu usakI dRSTi bhI svapakSa arthAt anekAntavAda ke maNDana aura parapakSa ke khaNDana kI hI rahI hai| yahI sthiti sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha aura sarvadarzanasaMgraha ko bhI hai| unameM bhI svapakSa ke maNDana kI pravRtti rahI hai| ataH ve jaina dArzanika hoM yA jainetara dArzanika, sabhI ke darzana saMgrAhaka granthoM meM mUla uddezya to apane darzana kI sarvoparitA kI pratisthApanA hI rahI hai| isa prakAra haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI jo vizeSatA hai vaha jaina aura jainetara paramparA ke anya darzana saMgrAhaka granthoM meM nahIM miltii| yaha to haribhadra kI udAra aura vyApaka dRSTi hI thI jisake kAraNa unake dvArA sampradAyanirapekSa SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI racanA ho paaii| unake grantha SaDdarzanasamuccaya aura zAstravArtAsamuccaya ina donoM meM hI anya darzanoM ke prati pUrNa prAmANikatA aura Adara kA tattva dekhA jAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA dArzanika granthoM meM parapakSa ko eka bhrAnta rUpa meM hI prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, kintu haribhadra kI hI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM anya darzanoM ko apane yathArtha rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| 142 haribhadra ke isa mahattvapUrNa grantha para guNaratnasUrikRta TIkA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai, kintu jJAtavya hai ki TIkA meM bhI usa udAra dRSTi kA nirvAha nahIM dekhA jAtA jo mUla granthakAra kI hai kyoMki TIkA meM caturtha adhikAra meM jainamata ke prastutI - karaNa ke sAtha anya matoM kI samIkSA bhI kI gaI hai, jabaki haribhadra kI kArikAoM meM isa prakAra kA koI bhI saMketa nahIM milatA hai| isa TIkA meM jainadarzana kI pratisthApanA kA prayatna ativistAra se huA hai| TIkA kA Adhe se adhika bhAga to mAtra jainadarzana se sambandhita hai, ataH TIkA kI vivecanA meM vaha santulana nahIM hai, jo haribhadra ke mUla grantha meM hai / haribhadra kA yaha mUla grantha aura usakI TIkA yadyapi aneka bhaNDAroM meM hastapratoM ke rUpa meM upalabdha the, kintu jahA~ taka hamArI jAnakArI hai, gujarAtI TIkA ke sAtha haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA sarvaprathama prakAzana eziyATika sosAyaTI, kalakattA se 1905 meM huA thA / isI prakAra maNibhadra kI laghuvRtti ke sAtha isakA prakAzana caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI ke dvArA san 1920 meM huaa| isa prakAra SaDdarzanasamuccaya mUla kA TIkA ke sAtha prakAzana usake pUrva bhI huA thA, kintu vaijJAnika rIti se sampAdana aura hindI anuvAda to apekSita thA / isa grantha kA vaijJAnika rIti se sampAdana aura hindI anuvAda kA yaha mahattvapUrNa
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________________ SaDdarzana samuccaya kI samIkSA 143 kArya paMDita mahendrakumAra AcArya ke dvArA kiyA gyaa| sambhavataH unake pUrva aura unake pazcAt bhI Aja taka isa grantha kA aisA anya koI prAmANika saMskaraNa prakAzita nahIM ho pAyA hai| " aneka pratiyoM se pAThoM kA milAna karake aura jisa DhaMga se mUla grantha ko sampAdita kiyA gayA thA, vaha nizcita hI eka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa kArya rahA hogA jisameM paMDita jI ko aneka kaSTa uThAne par3e hoNge| durbhAgya se isa grantha para unakI apanI bhUmikA na ho pAne ke kAraNa hama yaha nahIM samajha pA rahe haiM ki mUlapratoM ko prApta karake athavA eka prakAzita saMskaraNa ke AdhAra para isa grantha ko sampAdita karane meM kina-kina kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A hogaa| isa grantha ke sandarbha meM unakI pANDulipi se jo sUcanA milatI hai, usase mAtra itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne SaDdarzanasamuccaya- mUla aura guNaratna-TIkA kA anuvAda 25/6/1940 ko 4 baje pUrNa kiyA thA, kintu unake saMzodhana aura usa para TippaNa likhane kA kArya ve apanI mRtyu jUna 1959 ke pUrva taka karate rhe| isase yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki unhoMne isa grantha ko antima rUpa dene meM paryApta parizrama kiyA hai| kheda to yaha bhI hai ki ve apane jIvanakAla meM na to isakI bhUmikA likha pAe aura na ise prakAzita rUpa meM dekha hI pAe / bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita hokara yaha grantha jisa rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AyA usase unake zrama evaM unakI pratibhA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha to eka sunizcita tathya hai ki saMskRta kI adhikAMza TIkAe~ mUlagrantha se bhI adhika duSkara ho jAtI haiM aura unheM par3hakara samajha pAnA mUlagrantha kI apekSA bhI kaThina hotA hai / aneka saMskRta granthoM kI TIkAoM, vizeSarUpa se jainadarzana se sambandhita granthoM kI saMskRta TIkAoM ke adhyayana se maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki TIkAoM kA anuvAda karanA atyanta durUha kArya hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki vidvajjana anuvAda meM grantha ke mUlazabdoM ko yathAvat rakhakara apanA kAma calA lete haiM kintu isase viSaya kI spaSTatA meM kaThinAI utpanna hotI hai| makSikA sthAne makSikA rakhakara anuvAda to kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu vaha pAThakoM ke lie bodhagamya aura sarala nahIM hotaa| paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya kI anuvAda zailI kA yaha vaiziSTya hai ki inakA anuvAda mUlagrantha aura usakI TIkA kI apekSA atyanta sarala aura subodha hai| darzana ke grantha ko sarala aura subodha DhaMga se prastuta karanA kevala usI vyakti ke liye sambhava hotA hai jo una granthoM ko AtmasAt kara unake prastutIkaraNa kI kSamatA rakhatA ho| jise viSaya jJAna na ho vaha cAhe kaisA hI bhASAvid ho, saphala anuvAdaka nahIM ho sktaa|
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________________ 144 SaDdarzana samuccaya kI samIkSA anuvAda ke kSetra meM paM0 mahendrakumAra jI ne mUla TIkA kI apekSA bhI artha meM vistAra kiyA hai kintu isa vistAra ke kAraNa unakI zailI meM jo spaSTatA aura subodhatA AI hai vaha nizcaya hI grantha ko saralatApUrvaka samajhAne meM sahAyaka hotI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM Izvara ke sRSTikartRtva kI sarala zabdoM meM samIkSA karate hae ve likhate haiM - "acchA yaha bhI batAo ki Izvara saMsAra ko kyoM banAtA hai? kyA vaha apanI ruci se jagat ko gar3hane baiTha jAtA hai? athavA hama logoM ke puNya-pApa ke adhIna hokara isa agat kI sRSTi karatA hai yA dayA ke kAraNa yaha jagat banAtA hai yA usane krIr3A ke liye yaha khela-khilaunA banAyA hai kiMvA ziSToM kI bhalAI aura duSToM ko daNDa dene ke lie yaha jagat-jAla bichAyA hai yA usakA yaha svabhAva hI hai ki vaha baiThe-ThAle kucha na kucha kiyA hI kre|" yadi hama unakI isa vyAkhyA ko mUla ke sAtha milAna karake dekhate haiM to yaha pAte haiM ki mUla-TIkA mAtra do paMktiyoM meM hai jabaki anuvAda vistRta hai, to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unakA yaha anuvAda zabdAnusArI na hokara viSaya ko spaSTa karane kI dRSTi se hI huA hai| paM0 mahendrakumAra 'nyAyAcArya' ke isa anuvAda zailI kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve isameM kisI durUha zabdAvalI kA prayoga na karake aise zabdoM kI yojanA karate haiM jisase sAmAnya pAThaka bhI viSaya ko saralatApUrvaka samajha ske| isa anuvAda se aisA lagatA hai ki isameM paMDitajI kA uddezya apane vaiduSya kA pradarzana karanA nahIM hai, apitu sAmAnya pAThaka ko viSaya kA bodha karAnA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne mUla aura TIkA se haTakara bhI viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke liye apane DhaMga se udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| paM0 mahendrakumAra jI ke isa anuvAda kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne apanI vyAkhyA meM janasAmAnya ke paricita zabdAvalI kA hI upayoga kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaina dRSTi se Izvara ke sRSTikartA hone kI samIkSA ke prasaMga meM ve likhate haiM ki yadi Izvara hama logoM ke pApa-puNya ke AdhAra para hI jagat kI sRSTi karatA hai to usakI svantratA kahA~ rahI, vaha kAhe kA iishvr| vaha to hamAre karmoM ke hukuma ko bajAne vAlA eka mainejara sarIkhA hI huaa| yadi Izvara kRpA karake isa jagat ko racatA hai to saMsAra meM koI duHkhI prANI nahIM rahanA cAhiye, sabhI ko khuzahAla aura sukhI hI utpanna honA caahiye| isa zabdAvalI se hama spaSTa anumAna kara sakate haiM ki paMDita jI ne darzana jaise durUha viSaya ko kitanA sarasa aura subodha banA diyA hai| yaha kArya sAmAnya paMDita kA nahIM apitu eka adhikArI vidvAn kA hI ho sakatA hai| ___ vastuta: yadi ise anuvAda kahanA ho to mAtra isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA
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________________ SaDdarzana samuccaya kI samIkSA 145 hai ki unhoMne TIkA ke mUla tarkoM aura viSayoM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai kintu vAstava meM to yaha TIkA para AdhArita eka svatantra vyAkhyA hI hai| darzana jaise durUha viSaya ke tArkika granthoM kI aisI sarala aura subodha vyAkhyA hameM anyatra kama hI dekhane ko milatI hai| yaha unakI lekhanI kA hI kamAla hai ki ve bAta-bAta meM hI darzana kI durUha samasyAoM ko hala kara dete haiN| haribhadra ke hI eka grantha zAstravAsimuccaya kI TIkA kA anuvAda sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke pUrva kulapati sva. paM0 badarInAtha zukla ne kiyA hai kintu unakA yaha anuvAda itanA jaTila hai ki anuvAda kI apekSA mUla-grantha se viSaya ko samajha lenA adhika AsAna hai| yahI sthiti prameyakamalamArtaNDa, aSTasahasrI Adi jainadArzanika granthoM ke hindI anuvAda kI hai| vastutaH kisI vyakti kA vaiduSya isa bAta meM nahIM chalakatA ki pAThaka ko viSaya aspaSTa banA rahe, vaiduSya to isI meM hai ki pAThaka grantha ko sahaja aura sarala rUpa meM samajha ske| paM0 mahendrakumAra 'nyAyAcArya' kI yahI eka aisI vizeSatA unheM una vidvAnoM kI usa koTi meM lAkara khar3A kara detI hai jo gambhIra viSaya ko bhI spaSTatA ke sAtha samajhane aura samajhAne meM sakSama haiN| sAmAnyatayA saMskRta ke granthoM kI vyAkhyAoM yA anuvAdoM ko samajhane meM eka kaThinAI yaha hotI hai ki mulagrantha yA TIkAoM meM pUrvapakSa kahA~ samApta hotA hai aura uttarapakSa kahA~ se prArambha hotA hai, kintu paM0 mahendrakumAra jI ne apane anuvAda meM IzvaravAdI jaina athavA zaMkA-samAdhAna aise choTe-choTe zIrSaka dekara ke bahuta hI spaSTatA ke sAtha pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa ko alaga-alaga rakha diyA, tAki pAThaka donoM ko alaga-alaga DhaMga se samajha skeN| bhASA kI dRSTi se paNDita jI ke anuvAda kI bhASA atyanta sarala hai| unhoMne durUha saMskRtaniSTha vAkyoM kI apekSA janasAdhAraNa meM pracalita zabdAvalI kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| yahI nahIM, yathAsthAna urdU aura aMgrejI zabdoM kA bhI ni:saMkoca prayoga kiyA hai| unake anuvAda meM prayukta kucha padAvaliyoM aura zabdoM kA prayoga dekheM -- 'yaha jagata jAla bichAyA hai', 'karmoM ke hakUma ko bajAne vAlA mainejara', 'baiThe-ThAle, hAiDrojana meM jaba oNksIjana amuka mAtrA meM milatA hai to svabhAva se hI jala bana jAtA hai| isameM bIca ke ejeNTa Izvara kI kyA AvazyakatA hai', 'binA jote hue apane se hI ugane vAlI jaMgalI ghAsa', 'pratyakSa se kartA kA abhAva nizcita hai', ( dekheM pR0 102-103 ) aadi| vastuta: aisI zabda-yojanA sAmAnya pAThaka ke liye viSaya ko samajhAne meM adhika kAragara siddha hotI hai| jahA~ taka paM0 mahendrakumAra jI ke vaiduSya kA prazna hai isa grantha kI
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________________ 146 SaDdarzana samuccaya kI samIkSA . vyAkhyA se vaha apane Apa hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai kyoMki jaba taka vyakti SaDdarzanoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa kA samyak jJAtA na ho taba taka vaha unakI TIkA nahIM likha sktaa| yadyapi prastuta TIkA meM jainadarzana ke pUrvapakSa meM evaM pUrvapakSa ko vistAra diyA hai kintu anya darzanoM ke bhI pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa to apanI jagaha upasthita hue hI haiN| ata: SaDdarzanasamuccaya jaise grantha kI TIkA para eka navIna vyAkhyA likha denA kevala usI vyakti ke liye sambhava hai jo kisI eka darzana kA adhikArI vidvAn na hokara samasta darzanoM kA adhikArI vidvAn ho| paM0 mahendrakumAra jI kI yaha pratibhA hai ki ve isa grantha kI sarala aura sahaja hindI vyAkhyA kara sake, dArzanika jagat unake isa avadAna ko kabhI bhI nahIM bhalA paaegaa| vastuta: unakA yaha anuvAda, anuvAda na hokara eka svatantra vyAkhyA hI hai| unakI vaijJAnika sampAdana-paddhati kA yaha pramANa hai ki unhoMne pratyeka viSaya ke sandarbha meM aneka jaina evaM jainetara granthoM se pramANa prastuta kiye haiN| sandarbha-granthoM kI yaha saMkhyA sambhavata: sau se bhI adhika hogI jinake pramANa, TippaNI ke rUpa meM tulanA athavA pakSa-samarthana kI dRSTi se prastuta kiye gae haiN| ye TippaNa paM0 mahendrakumAra jI ke vyApaka evaM bahumukhI pratibhA ke paricAyaka haiN| yadi unheM ina saba granthoM kA vistRta avabodha nahIM hotA to yaha sambhava nahIM thA ki ve ina saba granthoM se TippaNa de paate| pariziSToM ke rUpa meM SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI maNibhadra kRta laghuvRtti, ajJAtakartRka avacUrNi ke sAtha-sAtha kArikA, zabdAnukramikA, uddhRta vAkya, anukramaNikA, saMketa-vivaraNa, Adi se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki paM0 .mahendrakumAra jI kevala paramparAgata vidvAn hI nahIM the, apitu ve vaijJAnika rIti se sampAdana kalA meM bhI niSNAta the| vastuta: unakI pratibhA bahumukhI aura bahuAyAmI thI, jisakA Akalana unakI kRtiyoM ke samyak anuzIlana se hI pUrNa ho sakatA hai| SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI guNaratna kI TIkA para unakI yaha hindI vyAkhyA vastutaH bhAratIya darzana jagat ko unakA mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai jisake liye ve vidvajjagat meM sadaiva smaraNa kiye jAte rheNge|