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________________ pratihAra kAla meM pUjita rAjasthAna ke kucha apradhAna devI-devatA DA0 dazaratha zarmA Izvarako sarvatra dekhane vAle hindU dharmake lie sabhI pUjya deva-deviyoMmeM IzvaratvakI bhAvanA karanA AsAna rahA hai| cAhe manuSya kisI nAmase apane iSTadevakA pUjana kare, pUjya vastu vahI Izvaratattva hai| isIlie zrIkRSNa bhagavadgItA meM kaha sake haiM : ye'pyanyadevatA bhaktA yajante zraddhayAnvitAH / te'pi mAmeva kaunteya yajantyavidhipUrvakam / / 9.23 // pUjana niSkAma ho to zreSTha hai / usIse karmakI hAni, aura muktikI prApti ho sakatI hai kintu phala prAptike icchuka vyakti prAyaH aneka deva mUrtiyoMkA pUjana karate hI haiM (7.20); aura unheM apane lakSyAnusAra IzvarIya niyama dvArA vihita prApti bhI hotI hai| pratihAra kAlameM vaidika dharmAnusAriNI janatA prAyaH viSNu, ziva, sUrya aura zaktikI pUjaka thii| inake ekatvakI bhAvanA unake hRdayameM dRr3hamala ho cukI thii| anyathA yaha kaise sambhava hotA ki pitA eka devakA to putra anya kisI iSTadevakA pUjana kare ? pratihAra-rAja devazakti viSNukA to usakA putra vatsarAja mahezvarakA bhakta thA / vatsarAjake uttarAdhikArI nAgabhaTa dvitIyane bhagavatIkA pUjana kiyA to usake uttarAdhikArI rAmabhadrane suurykaa| rAmabhadrakA putra samrAT bhoja bhagavatI-bhakta thA; kintu apane anta.purameM usane apanI rAniyoM ke lie bhagavAn narakadviSa viSNuko pratimAkA sthApana kiyA thaa| mahendrapAla prathamane bhI bhagavatIkI ArAdhanA kI; kintu usakA putra vinAyakapAla AdityakA aura vinAyakapAlakA putra mahendrapAla dvitIya mahezvarakA pUjaka thaa|' brahmAkA bhI yatra tatra pUjana vartamAna thaa| kintu hariSeNIya bRhatkathAkoza, kuvalayamAlA, jinezvarIya kathAkozaprakaraNa, upamitibhavaprapaJcA Adi jaina graMthoMke sAkSyase yaha siddha hai ki pratihAra-yugameM brahmApUjakoMkI saMkhyA prAyaH nagaNya thii| abhilekhAdi purAtAttvika sAmagrIke AdhArapara bhI hama isI niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiN| brahmA vedoMke draSTA haiN| jaba vedoM kA sthAna prAyaH smRtiyoM aura purANoMne grahaNa kara liyA to sAvitrIpati brahmAke gauravameM kucha apakarSa honA svabhAvataH nizcita hI thaa| kinta purANokta aneka devoM aura deviyoMkA pUjana isa samaya khUba bddh'aa| inameM kucha zivakulameM saMkhyAta hai| amarakozane ziva aura pArvatIke ThIka bAda gaNapatiko lete hue vinAyaka, vighnarAja, dvaimAtura, gaNAdhipa, ekadanta, heramba, lambodara, gajAnana Adi unake ATha nAma die haiM jisase siddha hai ki pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM gaNapatikA svarUpa prAyaH vahI thA jo aba hai aura tadviSayaka aneka paurANika kathAe~ pUrI taraha 1. viSNu, ziva, sUrya Adike pradhAna devoMke vivaraNake lie Rajasthan Through the Agos dekheN| 2. pRSTha, 68 / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 3
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________________ prasRta ho cukI thiiN| kSIrasvAmIne unakA 'Akhuratha' nAma bhI diyA hai / AThavIM zatAbdI ke mahAn jaina sAhityakAra aura dArzanika haribhadrasUrine dhUrtAkhyAnameM gaNapatike pArvatIke malase utpanna honekI kathA dI hai / kuvalayamAlAkathA meM vinAyaka una devatAoM meM parigaNita haiM jinakA vipatti ke samaya loga dhyAna karate the / gajendrarUpameM aneka lokadevatAoMke sAtha inakI catvarameM pUjA hotI / skandapurANAdimeM jo inakA vizada varNana hai vaha prAyaH sabhI ko jJAta hai / kakkuka ke dhariyAle stambhake saMvat 918 ke prathama abhilekhakA Arambha vinAyakako namaskArase hotA hai / isI yazaH stambha para caturmukha vinAyakakI sundara mUrti hai / nRtya mudrAmeM gaNapati kI mUrtiyAM bhI paryApta janapriya rahI hoMgI / ye harasa, AbAnerI, Adi aneka sthAnoM se milI haiM / maNDora relve sTezana ke nikaTa pahAr3I para ziva sameta gaNapati aura mAtRkAoM kI mUrtiyAM bhI darzanIya haiN| mahArAjA jayapurake saMgrahameM gaNapatinRtyamudrA meM saptamAtRkAsahita ziva ullekhanIya haiM / ' aTarUmeM bhI isI taraha gaNapati kI aneka prakAra kI pratimAe~ milI haiM, jo gaNapati pUjAke vizeSa pracAra kI dyotaka haiM / kahIM sthAnaka, kahIM AsIna, kahIM zaktita, to eka sthAna meM caturbAhu rUpameM ye garuDAsIna bhI haiM / 3 skanda kumAra yA kArtikeya bhI zaivavarga meM haiM / guptakAlameM skandake pUjanakA bahuta adhika pracAra thA / do gupta samrAT skanda aura kumAra inhIMke nAmase abhihita haiM / kAlidAsane inhIMke gauravagAna meM kumArasambhava kI racanA kI / yaudheyoMke ye iSTadeva the / amarakozane gaNapatike ATha to skandake sataraha nAma die haiM / kintu pratihArakAla meM skandakI yaha janapriyatA bahuta kucha lupta ho cukI thii| kisI pratihAra samrATne skandako iSTadeva ke rUpameM grahaNa na kiyA / upamitibhavaprapaJcA, yazastilaka, bRhatkathAkoza, jinezvarIkathAkoza prakaraNa Adi graMthoM meM unakA sthAna nagaNya hai| rohItaka kisI samaya skandakA mukhya sthAna thA / kintu yazastilaka ne skandakI gauNatAke kAraNa yahA~ caNDamArIko pratiSThita kara diyA hai| kuvalayamAlA meM aneka anya devatAoMke sAtha skandakA nAma hai / skandapurANake kaumArI khaNDa meM skanda kI paryApta prazaMsA vartamAna kintu usameM bhI skandake pUjanAdikA vizeSa vidhAna aura varNana nahIM hai / haribhadrasUrine kumArakI utpatti kI kathA dete hue usakA sthAna dakSiNa dezake araNyameM rakhA hai ( 3.83 ) / zAyada isase yaha anumAna karanA asaMgata na ho ki haribhadrake samaya skandakI pUjAkA pracAra mukhyataH dakSiNameM thA / skandakI guptakAlIna mUrtiyAM avazya rAjasthAnameM prApya haiM / sUryakulIna devoMmeM revantakA ullekha kuvalayamAlAmeM hai / bRhatsaMhitA aura viSNudharmottarapurANa meM revanta kI mUrtikA vidhAna hai / kAlikApurANa ke anusAra inakA pUjana dvArake nikaTa pUrNa jalapAtra rakhakara bhI kiyA jAtA / jalapAtra meM unakI upasthiti mAna lI jAtI / janatAkA vizvAsa thA ki Akasmika vipattiyoM ke samaya revanta vipadgata vyaktiyoMkI rakSA karate haiM / isalie yaha samucita hI thA ki samudra meM tUphAna Anepara kuvalayamAlA kathAke jalayAtriyoMne revantakI prArthanA Arambha kii| amarakozameM revantakA nAma nahIM hai / anyatra inheM sUrya aura saMjJAkA putra aura guhyakoMkA rAjA kahA gayA hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki prathamataH maNibhadrAdikI taraha ye bhI janadeva the aura samayAnukramase sUryakulameM parigaNita hue / 1. pRSTha, 2, 14, 256 / 2. dekheM DaoN0 ratnacandra agravAlake lekha, marubhAratI, 8 2 29, Adi; jarnala oNpha iNDiyana hisTrI, 28, pRSTha 497 Adi / 3. marubhAratI, 8, 1, 67 / 4 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana grantha
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________________ isI prakAra aneka anya deva haiM / jinake lie jaina graMthoM meM vyantara saMjJA prayukta hai / bhAratameM Ajakala madana (kAmadeva) kI pUjA nahIM hotI; kintu pratihArakAla taka isa pUjAkA paryApta pracAra thaa| caitra zuklA trayodazI madana trayodazIke nAmase prasiddha thii| madana puSpadhanvAke nAmase prasiddha hai| kintu upamitibhavaprapaJcAdise pratIta hotA ki madana ikSudhanvA bhI the| madanake pUjAgRhakA toraNa ikSukA banA hotA, aura usameM azokake nava-pallavoMkI bandanavAra hotii| agara, sugandhita puSpa aura kapUrase sthAna suvAsita rahatA aura bhaktagaNa ikSurasa-pUrNa bhANDa, zAlidhAnya aura aneka miSTAnna upahArake rUpameM samarpita karate / kanyAe~ sundara varakI abhilASAse aura vivAhita striyAM apane saubhAgyakI rakSAke lie madanakA pUjana krtiiN|' bhAratIya sAhitya madanapUjanake varNanase pUrNa hai| karkoTanagarase prApta makaradhvajIya kAmadeva aura ratikA ullekha DaoN0 ratnacandra agravAlane kiyA hai| ___ vyantaroMmeM yakSa mukhya haiN| inakI pUjA bhAratameM prAcIna samayase calI A rahI hai| aneka jaina kathAoMmeM yakSa pUjAkA varNana hai / jJAnapaJcamIse pratIta hotA hai ki mathurAmeM maNibhadrake pUjanakA paryApta pracAra thaa| maNibhadrakI dhArmika janoMpara paryApta kRpA rahatI hai| samarAiccakahAmeM eka vicitraprakRtika kSetrapAlakA varNana hai jise choTI-moTI duSTatA karane meM hI Ananda aataa| jinezvarIya kathAkozameM kSetrapAla dvArA Aveza aura paumasiricariyameM kSetrapAlakI naTakhaTa vRttikA varNana hai| rAjasthAna meM kSetrapAla aba bhI pUjita hai; para usake rUpa meM kucha antara avazya huA hai / yakSoMmeM sabase mahattvapUrNa kubera the| cittaur3a kSetrase prApta udayapura myUjiyamakI kubera pratimAkA zilpasauSThavameM adabhuta hai / isake mukuTa aura mastakakI jinamUrti hameM kuvalayamAlAke varNanakA smaraNa dilAtI hai / kumAra kuvalayacandrako vanameM aisI hI eka yakSapratimA milatI hai jisake mukuTa meM muktAzaila vinirmita arhatapratimA hai / use namaskArakara kumAra socane lagatA hai "are, yaha Azcarya hai ki divya yakSapratimAke mastakapara bhagavAnkI pratimA hai| yA isameM Azcarya hI kyA hai ki divya ( devAdi ) bhI bhagavAnko mastakapara dhAraNa kareM / ve to isa taraha dhAraNake yogya hI hai|"2 kuberakI aisI mUrtiyAM anyatra aba taka nahIM milI hai| kintu kuvalayamAlAkathAke varNanase sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki aisI kucha mUrtiyAM AThavIM zatAbdIke rAjasthAnameM rahI hoNgii| ajamera nyUz2iyamameM kuberakI mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM eka lalitAsanameM sthita hai| isake dAhine hAthameM bijorA aura bAe~ meM lambI thailI hai| myUjiyamakI dUsarI kubera mUrti ar3hAI dinake jhoMpar3ese prApta huI hai| isameM kubera praphulla kamalapara khar3e haiM / narahaDa Adi rAjasthAnake anya sthAnoMse bhI kuberakI pratimAeM milI haiN| kuvalayamAlAkathAmeM yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta, pizAca, kinnara, kiMpuruSa, gandharva, mahoraga, garuDa, nAga, apsarasa Adi aneka anya vyantaroMkA nirdeza bhI hai jinakA sAmAnyajana svArthasiddhike lie pUjana karate / kintu isa AdhArapara unake viSayameM kucha adhika kahanA asambhava hai / nAgapura, ahicchatrA, anantagocara Adi nAmoMke AdhArapara yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcIna rAjasthAnameM nAgapUjAkA paryApta prasAra rahA hogaa| navagraha pUjanakA isa kAlameM racita dhArmika sAhityameM vidhAna hai| bharatapura kSetrase prApta navagrahoMmeM 1. vizeSa vivaraNake lie Rajasthan Through the Ages dekheM / 2. pR0 115 / 3. ricarcarTa, 1. 23-24 / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 5
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________________ ketukA abhAva' aura bagherAse prApta navagrahoMmeM usakI vidyamAnatA hai| ar3hAI dinake jhoMpar3ese saptanakSatrayukta eka viziSTa phalaka kI prApti huI hai| isameM sAtanakSatra-maghA, pUrvAphAlgunI, uttarAphAlgunI, hasta, citrA, svAti, aura vizAkhA sukhAsanameM sthita hai; aura isI para kAla, prabhAta, prAtaH, madhyAhna, aparAha aura saMdhyA utkIrNa haiM / zilpa aura utkIrNa mUrtiyoMkI dRSTise yaha phalaka advitIya hai| anya apradhAna hindU devatAoM meM hama dikpAloMkI gaNanA kara sakate haiN| narahar3ase vAya aura varuNakI utkIrNa pratimAe~ milI haiM jo pratimAvijJAnakI dRSTise dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai / dinapratidina navIna sAhityake prakAza aura purAtattva vibhAgake zodhakAryase hamArA deva aura devayoniviSayaka jJAna bar3ha rahA hai| viSNu, mahezvara, sUrya, arhat Adike viSayakI vipula sAmagrI chor3akara hamane isa lekha meM kevala apradhAna devoMke viSayameM kucha zabda likhe haiM / viSayakI pUrNatA isa viSayake vidvAnoM dvArA ho skegii| bhInamAlameM caNDInAtha-maMdirakI bAvalIke sAmaneke cabatare para AsavapeyI kuberakI pratimA hai jisakA samaya DaoN0 ema0 Ara0 majamuMdArake anusAra sAtavIM aura AThavIM zatAbdIke bIca meM honA caahie| osiyAmeM pippalAda mAtAke makhya maMDapake sAmane cabatare para mahiSamardinI..gaNeza aura kuberakI bRhatkAya pratimAeM haiN| sakarAya mAtAke sabase prAcIna abhilekhameM dhanada yakSake AzIrvAdakI kAmanA kI gii| bhaTaMdameM bhI osiyAMkI sI kuberakI kumbhoradara marti vartamAna hai| bAMsIse prApta yakSa pratimA bhI prAyaH sAtavIM AThavIM zatAbdIkI hai| aneka anya yakSa aura kubera pratimAoMke vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie DaoN0 ratnacanda agravAlakA isI sambandhameM iMDiyana hisTaoNrikala kvArTaralI, 1957 meM prakAzita lekha paThanIya hai| kRSNanagara, dillI 31. 3. 1964 1. vahI, 1.20 / 2. vahI, 2. 11 / 6 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha