Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prasiddha kalA-tIrtha : rANakapura DaoN0 cetanaprakAza pATanI jaina dharma kA uddezya hai-manuSya kI pUrNatA arthAt saMsArI AtmA svayaM paramAtmA bne| yaha dharma manuSya meM nihita devatva ko AtmAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se prakaTa karane kI preraNA pradAna karatA hai, aura use isa pravRtti meM sahAyatA bhI detA hai / eka ora jahAM jaina paddhati meM kaThora anuzAsana, saMyama, tyAga aura tapasyA kI pradhAnatA hai vahIM dUsarI ora kalA bhI divyatva kI upalabdhi aura usake sAtha tAdAtmyIkaraNa kA atyanta pavitra sAdhana hai| isa dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne sadA hI lalita kalAoM ke bhinna-bhinna rUpoM aura zailiyoM ko protsAhita kiyA hai / jaina kalA mUlataH dharma kI anugAminI hI rahI parantu sAdhanA kI kaThoratA aura rukSatA ko komala aura snigdha rUpa pradAna karane meM bhI usane dharma kI vipula sahAyatA kI hai| dharma ke bhAvanAtmaka, bhaktiparaka aura lokapriya rUpoM ke vikAsa ke lie kalA aura sthApatya kI anaginata kRtiyoM ke nirmANa kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| inake nirmANa meM aura inheM adhikAdhika ramya aura mohaka banAne meM jaina logoM ne zrama aura artha kharca karane meM koI kasara nahIM uThA rakhI hai / jaina dharma kI AtmA jaina kalA meM spaSTataH pratibimbita hotI hai| jaina kalA saundarya-bodha ke Ananda kA to sRjana karatI hI hai parantu usase bhI adhika Atmotsarga, zAnti, samatA aura sahiSNutA kI bhAvanAoM ko uddIpta karatI hai / isa prabhAva se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / vibhinna aitihAsika yugoM kI vividha zailiyoM meM kalA aura sthApatya kI kRtiyAM yoM to sampUrNa bhArata meM hI bikharI huI haiM parantu jaina tIrthasthala (tIrtha kSetra, siddha kSetra, atizaya kSetra Adi) vizeSa rUpa se sacce arthoM meM kalA ke bhaNDAra haiN| jaina logoM ne apane tIrtha kSetroM ke lie jina sthAnoM ko cunA hai. ve parvatoM kI coTiyoM para yA ekAnta nirjana ghATiyoM meM, bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha se dUra sAMsArika ApAdhApI ke jIvana se alaga, hare-bhare zAnta maidAnoM meM haiN| ye sthAna Atmika cintana aura nizcala dhyAna meM atyanta sahAyaka siddha hote haiN| ina pavitra kSetroM ke samparka se AtmA kA kAluSya dUra hokara nimalatA prakaTa hotI hai / ye sthAna aura yahA~ nirmita kalAtmaka 'jinAlaya aura deva-vigraha muktAtmAoM aura mahAn puruSoM ke sajIva smAraka haiN| yahAM eka bAta yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka samajhatA hUM ki jainadharma meM devopAsanA kisI sAMsArika AkAMkSA ke lie yA laukika saMkaToM ke nivAraNa ke lie nahIM kI jaatii| jainadharma kI mukhya mAnyatA yaha hai ki saMsArI prANI apane sukha-duHkha, aura pApa-puNya kA phala svayaM hI bhogatA hai, Izvara yA paramAtmA kA isameM koI dakhala nahIM hai / ataH jainoM ke samasta dhArmika kriyA-kalApoM kA uddezya hai-Atmazuddhi / Atmazuddhi ko prApta karane para hI karmoM (bhAvakarma, dravyakarma, nokarma) se mukti mila sakatI hai aura tabhI AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| tIrthakSetroM, siddhakSetroM, atizayakSetroM evaM puNya-sthaloM kI yAtrAeM bhI isI uddezya se kI jAtI haiN| ye tIrthayAtrAeM puNya-saJcaya aura Atmazuddhi meM sahAyaka hotI haiM / ___ yaha eka sarvavidita tathya hai ki isa deza kI gauravazAlI sAMskRtika thAtI ko samRddha karane meM jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne vipula sahayoga diyA hai| yadi yaha bhI kaha diyA jAya ki ve anya kSetroM kI bhAMti isa kSetra meM bhI agraNI rahe haiM to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| unhoMne bhArata deza ke sAMskRtika bhaNDAra ko kalA aura sthApatya kI agaNita kRtiyoM se samRddha kiyA hai| unameM se aneka kRtiyoM kI bhavyatA aura kalA-garimA itanI patkRSTa aura adbhuta bana par3I hai ki unakI upamA nahIM milatI, ve apanI misAla Apa hI haiM aura IrSyA yogya haiN| svayaM ko hI sarvAdhika jAgarUka mAnane vAle videzI yAtriyoM ne bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| __jaina mandiroM kI zailI bhinna-bhinna hai parantu jo bhI unameM bhaktipUrvaka praviSTa hotA hai, usa para eka-sA hI prabhAva par3atA hai| zravaNabelagolA, haleviDu, devagar3ha, AbU, rANakapura Adi ke prasiddha jainamandira vAstukalA ke utkRSTa namUne haiN| bhaktipravaNa darzanArthiyoM para unake darzana kA prabhAva zAnti aura anAsakti ke rUpa meM dRSTigata hotA hai| jaina mandira kA to prayojana hI yahI hai ki yahA~ baiThakara AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana pranya .
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prabhu-paramAtmA ke guNoM kA cintana-manana zAntipUrvaka ho sake aura ArAdhaka bhagavAn kI Ara unmukha ho sake / yaha bhAvanA mandira nirmANa kI zailI se jAgRta kI jAtI hai / garbhagRha, zukanAsikA, mukhamaNDapa Adi vAtAvaraNa ko zAnti aura garimA pradAna karate haiN| rAjasthAna meM rANakapura kA trailokyadIpaka tIrthAdhirAja, zrIcaturmukha yugAdIzvara vihAra jaina kalA aura dhArmika bhAvanA kA sajIva citra hai| bhAratIya sthApatya kalA kA sarvazreSTha pratIka yaha jinAlaya garva se apanA sira UMcA kara pandrahavIM zatAbdI kI vikasita kalA ko prakaTa karatA hai| isa mahAmandira ko dekhane ke lie hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM bhAratIya aura videzI paryaTaka prativarSa pahuMcate haiN| pazcima bhArata ke zikhara maNDita 'madhyazailI' (miDila sTAila) meM nirmita jaina mandiroM meM isakA mukhya sthAna hai| yaha sthAna mevAr3a meM arAvalI kI suramya upatyakAoM ke bIca sAdar3I se chaha mIla dakSiNa meM hai| isakA nikaTatama relave sTezana phAlanA hai jo dillI ahamadAbAda mena relave lAina para hai| rANakapura ke isa prasiddha jaina mandira kI pratiSThApanA san 1436 meM huii| mandira kA nirmANa jaina-dharmAnuyAyI dharaNAka poravAr3a ke Adeza se depAka nAmaka vAstuvid ke mArgadarzana meM huaa| mandira ke sukhamaNDapa ke pravezadvAra para sthita stambha para khude hue abhilekha se yaha jAnakArI milatI hai ki isa bhavya caumukhe mandira ke nirmANa meM kalA aura sthApatya ke mahAna AzrayadAtA rANA kumbhA kA mahAn yoga rahA hai / rANA kumbhA vi0 saM0 1460 meM rAjasiMhAsana para samAsIna hae / inake rAjyakAla meM zilpakalA kI bahuta unnati huii| cittaur3a kA kIrtistambha, jayastambha, rANakapura kA yaha mandira aura AbU kA kumbhAzAma gaNA kI kalApriyatA ke zreSTha pratIka haiM / "prAgvATavaMzAvataMsa saMghapati mAgaNa suta saM0 kurapAla... " zilAlekha meM 'rANapura' nAma diyA huA hai jisase spaSTa hai ki 'rANapura' nAma rANA kumbhA ke nAma para rakhA gayA hai / 'rANa' rANA kA aura 'pura' poravAr3a kA saMkSipta rUpa hai| donoM nAmoM ko jor3a kara 'rANapura' nAma rakhA gayA hai|' rANapura zabda kA prayoga aura uccAraNa hI zuddha hai parantu vahI aba loka bhASA meM rANakapura yA raNakapura hokara khyAta ho gayA hai| yaha mandira 3716 vargamITara kSetra meM phailA huA hai| isameM 26 bar3e kamare aura 420 stambha haiN| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki isa mandira kI yojanA bar3I mahattvAkAMkSI rahI hai / mandira 'trailokyadIpaka' nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / adhunA, rANakapura meM prativarSa do mele bharate haiM-eka caitra kRSNA dazamI ke dina aura dUsarA Azvina zuklA trayodazI ke dina / dharaNAka aura unake bhAI ratnA ke vaMzaja Aja bhI mele ke dina kezara aura itra se pUjA karanA, AratI utAranA aura dhvajArohaNa karanA apanA janmasiddha adhikAra mAnate haiN| mandira meM aura bhI zilAlekha haiM ; unase isake nirmAtA kA aura jIrNoddhAra-kAla kA patA to calatA hai parantu isakI nIMva kaba par3I aura ise banane meM kitane varSa lage-isa bAta kI sahI-sahI jAnakArI adyAvadhi nahIM ho sakI hai| aisI janazruti hai ki mandira banane meM cAlIsa varSa pUre hue / mandira ke nirmANa meM kitanI dhana-rAzi kharca huI, isa bAta kA ullekha eka bhI zilAlekha meM nahIM hai| rAjasthAna ke khyAtilabdha itihAsakAra karnala TaoNDa ne apanI pustaka 'enalsa eNDa eNTIkvITija oNpha rAjasthAna' meM likhA hai ki yaha mandira lAkhoM rupayoM kA hai aura isake nirmANa meM rANA kumbhA ne apane rAjakoSa se 80,000 rupaye diye the, phira candA ekatra kara isakA nirmANa kArya pUrA kiyA gayA thaa| parantu isa kathana kA AdhAra kyA hai, isa bAta kA ullekha TaoNDa mahodaya ne nahIM kiyaa| unakI yaha bAta sAmAnyataH mAnane. yogya nahIM dIkhatI, managaDhanta-sI lagatI hai kyoMki svayaM TaoNDa sAhaba ne isa mandira ke darzana eka bAra bhI nahIM kie the| mandira ke zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai ki isameM samaya-samaya para jaina zrAvakoM dvArA jIrNoddhAra ke kArya sampanna karAye gye| pahale mandira Aja kI taraha pUrNa sthiti meM nahIM thaa| mandira meM alaga-alaga sthAnoM para dhannA aura ratnA ke vaMzajoM ne tathA anya jaina zrAvakoM ne bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa aura unakI pratiSThApanA kA punIta kArya apane samakAlIna jainAcAryoM dvArA karavAyA thaa| nirmANa, pratiSThA aura jIrNoddhAra kA kArya lagabhaga vi0 saM0 1600 taka calatA rhaa| jIrNoddhAra kA kAma to Aja bhI cala hI rahA hai| isa caturmukhI mandira ke bahirbhAga meM do taraha ke pattharoM kA upayoga huA hai| pharza para sevAr3I kA patthara lagA hai to dIvAroM para sonANA kA patthara / caturmukhI mUlanAyaka pratimA ke atirikta zeSa sabhI mUrtiyAM sonANA ke patthara kI hI banI haiN| mandira kA uttaGga zikhara IMToM se banAyA gayA hai| caturmukhI se matalaba hai-cAra mUrtiyA~ cAroM dizAoM meM mukha kiye hue, eka dUsarI ke pITha se saTI / ye cAroM mUrtiyA~ mandira ke mUlanAyaka Adya (prathama) tIrthaMkara bhagavAn AdinAtha kI haiN| sapheda patthara se banI huI haiN| pratyeka mati 1. aisI prasiddhi hai ki mandira ke lie jamIna isI zarta para dI gaI thI ki isakA nAma rANA ke nAma para rakhA jaae| jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 147
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ke mukha kI ora eka bar3A dvAra hai| mukhya dvAra pazcima kI ora hai| isake pIche khudAI kA sundara kAma hai| mandira kA mUla garbha-gRha vargAkAra hai| pahale khaNDa para bhI isI taraha kA mandira hai jisameM cAra pratimAeM virAjamAna haiN| isakI cAroM dizAoM meM bhI cAra dvAra haiN| dasare khaNDa para jAne ke lie akhaNDa patthara kI banI sIr3hiyA~ bar3I adbhuta haiM / pRthvI-tala ke mandira meM pratyeka dvAra ke Age gar3ha maNDapa na hokara eka-eka laghu sabhAmaNDapa hai / mandira ke mukhya maNDapa kI ora eka bar3A mandira hai| pratyeka sabhAmaNDapa ke Age eka-eka choTA devAlaya hai / isa bhAMti cAroM konoM meM mandira haiN| inake Age cAra gumbadoM kA samUha hai jo cAra sau bIsa stambhoM para AdhArita hai| ora 56 dehariyAM haiM jinheM pRthaka-pRthaka karane hetu madhya meM koI dIvAra nahIM hai / ye dehariyAM anya pratimAeM sthApita karane hetu choTe mandira ke AkAra kI haiN| mandira ke uttara-pazcima kI bar3I deharI meM sammedazikhara jI kI khudAI kA kAma hai| eka zilA para giranAra aura zatruJjaya kI pahAr3iyoM kI khudAI kA kAma hai| mandira ke bAhara 23veM tIrthaGkara zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI pratimA sarpa-deha meM mahattva ke ullekhanIya zilpapratIka haiM / / inake alAvA aura bhI kaI sthAnoM para khudAI kA bahuta hI zreSTha aura kalAtmaka kAma hai| mukhya mandira meM praveza karate hI mukhamaNDapa kI chata kA kaTAI kA kAma atyanta darzanIya hai| isa eka hI zilA meM zilpakAra ne cA~da kI kalAoM kA vikAsa batAyA hai| raGgamaNDapa ke do toraNadvAra akhaNDa patthara se bane haiM jinameM kalA sajIva rUpa meM prakaTa haI hai| raMgamaNDapa ke gumbada ke ghere meM cAroM ora nAcatI huI puttalikAeM khar3I haiM / mandira meM caurAsI tahakhAne bhI batAye jAte haiM, jo dharatI meM dUra-dUra taka phaile hue haiN| Ajakala mandira kA sampUrNa prabandha jainiyoM kI pramukha saMsthA AnandajI kalyANajI kI pair3hI karatI hai| isakA pradhAna kaI lAkha rupaye mandira ke jIrNoddhAra meM lagAye haiM, phira bhI abhI bahuta kAma honA zeSa hai| rANakapura kabhI eka bar3I bastI rahI hai| yadi isa kSetra kI khadAI karAI jAe to prabhUta mAtrA meM aitihAsika sAmagrI upalabdha ho sakatI hai aura mandira ke sambandha meM bhI naI bAteM prakAza meM A sakatI haiN| mandira kI kalApUrNa racanA ko dekhakara atyanta prabhAvita hue yoropIya vidvAn sara jemsa phargyusana ne apane grantha 'hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana eNDa IsTarna ArkiTekcara' meM likhA hai-"isa mandira kA koI eka bhAga hI nahIM, apitu isakA sArA rUpa hI vizeSatAsampanna hai| mandira kA bAsA (pRthvItala) jamIna se bahuta UMcA hone se mandira bahuta UMcA dikhAI detA hai / mandira kA pratyeka stambha alaga DhaMga se susajjita hai / 420 stambhoM meM se eka stambha kI abhikalpanA (kaTAI kI DijAina) dUsare stambha kI abhikalpanA se nahIM milatI / zillakAra kI chainI itanI khUbasUratI se calI hai ki usane patthara meM hAthI-dAMta kI sI nakkAzI karane meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| jahAM taka merI jAnakArI hai, bhAratavarSa meM isa koTi kA koI dUsarA mandira yA bhavana nahIM hai jisameM stambhoM para itanA sundara aura prabhAvazAlI nirmANa kArya huA ho / mandira ke nirmANa ke lie 3716 vargamITara jamIna gherI gaI hai jo madhyayuga ke yorIpIya mandiroM ke barAbara hai parantu kArIgarI aura saundarya meM yaha mandira yoropIya mandiroM se kahIM adhika bar3ha-car3ha kara hai / " mandira kI pratyeka zilA aura patthara pandrahavIM zatAbdI kI kalA kA jIvanta namUnA hai| isa advitIya kalAtIrtha kI kalA kA varNana karane kA sAmarthya lekhanI meM nahIM / lekhanI sAkSAt darzana se hRdaya meM utpanna hone vAle Ananda ko abhivyakta nahIM kara sakatI hai| avanitalagatAnAM kRtrimAkRtrimANAM, vanabhavanagatAnAM divyavaimAnikAnAm / iha manujakRtAnAM devarAjAcitAnAM jinavaranilayAnAM bhAvato'haM smarAmi // 148 AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana pantha .