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________________ paNhAvAgaraNAI (praznavyAkaraNa) meM dArzanika vicAra jitendra zAha praznavyAkaraNa grantha dvAdazAMgI aMtargata dazama aMga ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| praznavyAkaraNa kA artha hotA hai-praznoM kA vyAkaraNa arthAt nirvacana, uttara evaM nirNaya / isameM kina-kina praznoM kA vyAkaraNa kiyA gayA thA, isakA paricaya zvetAmbara paramparA meM sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga (vartamAna saMkalana prAyaH IsvI 304) evaM nandIsUtra (prAyaH IsvI 450) tathA digambara paramparA meM dhavalA-TIkA (IsvI 815) Adi granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| sthAnAGgasUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa ke daza adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai / yathA-upamA, saMkhyA, RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita, mahAvIrabhASita, kSaumakaprazna, komalaprazna, uddAgaprazna, aMguSThaprazna, bAhuprazna / samavAyAGgasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 prazna, 108 aprazna, 108 praznAprazna jo mantravidyA, aMguSThaprazna, bAhuprazna, darpaNaprazna Adi vidyAoM se sambandhita haiM aura isake 45 adhyayana haiM ! nandIsUtra meM bhI isI prakAra kA kathana pAyA jAtA hai / dhavalA-TIkA meM praznavyAkaraNa ke viSaya kI carcA karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki isameM AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI aura nivedanI, ina cAra prakAra kI kathAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA thA / uparyukta donoM paramparAoM meM prApta praznavyAkaraNa ke viSayasaMketa se jJAta hotA hai ki prazna zabda, mantra, vidyA, evaM nimittazAstra Adi se sambandha rakhatA hai| aura camatkArI praznoM kA vyAkaraNa jisa sUtra meM varNita hai, vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| lekina vartamAna meM upalabdha prastuta aMga grantha meM aisI koI carcA nahIM hai / isa viSaya meM pro. sAgaramala jaina ne vistRta UhApoha karake mUla grantha ke svarUpa kI khoja kI hai| ataH yahA~ isa viSaya kA vistAra na karake vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa meM dArzanika carcA ke viSaya meM kucha ciMtana kreNge| vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa meM do dvAra arthAt do vibhAga haiM--(1) AsravadvAra aura (2) dUsarA saMvaddhAra / ina donoM meM pA~ca-pA~ca adhyayana haiN| AsravadvAra meM hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya, parigraha svarUpa pA~ca avratoM kA savistara vicAra-vimarza pAyA jAtA hai| sabhI avratoM ke tIsa-tIsa nAma bhI die gae haiN| saMvaddhAra meM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha kA sUkSma varNana pAyA jAtA hai / AsravadvAra ke pA~ca avratoM kA evaM saMvaradvAra ke pA~ca vratoM kA eka eka adhyayana meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai ata: isa grantha ko praznavyAkaraNa dazA bhI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra prastuta grantha meM AcAra viSayaka saiddhAntika carcA kI gaI hai / prathama zrutaskandha ke dvitIya adhyayana mRSAvAda meM, mRSAvAda arthAt asatya bhASaNa ke lakSaNa evaM svarUpa kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / tadantargata dArzanika carcA bhI upalabdha hotI hai / praznavyAkaraNa kA mUla viSaya AsravoM ko naSTa karake saMvara meM pravRtta honA hI hai arthAt AcAra hI pradhAna upadeza hai / darzana viSayaka vistRta evaM tatkAlIna vibhinna matavAdoM kA vistRta varNana hameM sUtrakRtAMga evaM vyAkhyAprajJapti meM upalabdha hotA hai / prastuta aMga meM to bahuta hI alpa mAtrA meM dArzanika cintana upalabdha hotA hai tathApi dArzanika vicAradhArAoM ke svarUpa evaM vikAsa kI dRSTi se yaha grantha mahattvapUrNa hai| bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke manameM prAcIna kAla se hI jIva, jagat evaM Izvara ke viSaya meM jijJAsA prAdurbhUta ho cukI thii| usake svarUpa kI vAstavika khoja karanA hI unhoMne apane jIvana kA lakSya banAyA, itanA hI nahIM kintu sAdhanA karake yathAzakya upalabdhi prApta karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyaa| isI kAraNa ukta tIna
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________________ Vol. III- 1997-2002 paNhAvAgaraNAI.... 279 tattva hI bhAratIya darzana meM ciMtana ke mukhya viSaya rahe haiM / jIva, jagat evaM Izvara tattva kI khoja karate hue bhAratIya darzana kI yAtrA kA prAraMbha huA evaM zanaiH zanaiH pragati hotI gaI / vikAsa kI isa pragati meM vibhinna matoM kA bhI udaya huA / aise aneka matoM kA varNana hameM bauddha darzana ke sAmaJJaphalasuta', nirgranthadarzana ke sUtrakRtAMga evaM vaidika darzana ke zvetAzvataropaniSad meM milatA hai| jabaki praznavyAkaraNa meM 14 vibhinna matoM kA ullekha nimna prakAra se prApta hotA hai cArvAka (1) nAstikavAdI athavA vAmalokavAdI (2) paJcaskandhavAdI bauddha (3) manojIvavAdI (4) vAyujIvavAdI (5) aMDe se jagat kI utpatti mAnanevAle (6) jagat ko svayaMbhUkRta mAnanevAle (7) saMsAra ko prajApati nirmita mAnanevAle - - - mana ko hI jIva mAnanevAle vAyu ko hI jIva mAnanevAle - (8) saMsAra ko IzvarakRta mAnanevAle (9) samagra saMsAra ko viSNumaya svIkAra karanevAle (10) AtmA ko eka, akarttA, vedaka, nitya, niSkriya, nirguNa, evaM nirlipta mAnanevAle (11) jagat ko yAdRcchika mAnanevAle (12) jagat ko svabhAvajanya mAnanevAle (13) jagat ko devakRta mAnanevAle (14) niyativAdI AjIvaka matAvalaMbI nAstikavAdI : Astika evaM nAstika vicAradhArA ke viSaya meM bhI prAcIna kAla se hI vivAda calA A rahA hai / Astika arthAt jIva, karma, puNya, pApa Adi adRSTa evaM atIndriya padArthoM ko svIkAra karane vAle evaM nAstika arthAt ukta atIndriya tattvoM kA apalApa karane vAle / isa artha meM cArvAka ke atirikta sabhI darzana Astika haiM / prastuta artha ko hI pradhAnatA dete hue sUtrakAra ne batAyA hai ki jo Atma tattva ko svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM evaM zAzvata tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate ve sabhI matAvalaMbI prAya: eka hI vicAradhArA kA anusaraNa karate haiM / ve loka-viparIta mAnyatAoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM evaM tadanusAra AcaraNa bhI karate haiM / yahA~ para Atmatattva ko, AtmA rUpa zAzvata tattva ko, AtmA evaM karma ke sambandha ko, saMyoga evaM viyoga ko nahIM mAnane vAle cArvAka, zUnyavAdI bauddha, paJcaskandhavAdI bauddha, manojIvavAdI evaM vAyujIvavAdI matAvalambiyoM kI AcAra viSayaka vicAradhArA prastuta kI gayI hai / sUtra meM nAstikavAdiyoM kI vicAradhArA kA varNana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki zUnyavAdI jagat ko zUnya arthAt sarvathA asat mAnate haiN| kyoMki jIva kA astitva nahIM hai / vaha manuSyabhava meM yA devAdiparabhava meM nahIM jAtA / vaha puNya-pApa kA kiMcit bhI sparza nahIM karatA / itanA hI nahIM kintu sukRta arthAt puNya evaM duSkRta arthAt pApa kA phala nahIM hai / yaha zarIra pA~ca bhUtoM se banA huA hai, aura vaha vAyu ke nimitta se hI saba kriyA karatA hai / kucha loga zvAsocchvAsa ko hI jIva mAnate haiN| kucha loga (bauddha) pA~ca skaMdhoM arthAt rUpa, vedanA,
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________________ 280 jitendra zAha Nirgrantha vijJAna, saMjJA aura saMskAra ko jIva mAnate haiM ! kucha loga mana ko hI jIva ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / AtmA ko zAzvata tattva ke rUpa meM asvIkAra karanevAle, zarIra ko sAdi-sAMta evaM vartamAna bhava ke atirikta pUrvabhava, punarbhava ko asvIkAra karanevAle, ina sabhI ko mRSAvAdI batAyA gayA hai / kyoMki ye loga mAnate haiM ki dAna denA, vratoM kA AcaraNa karanA, pauSadha kI ArAdhanA karanA, tapasyA karanA, saMyama kA AcaraNa karanA, brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA, Adi kalyANakArI anuSThAnoM kA kucha bhI phala nahIM hai| prANavadha evaM asatyabhASaNa bhI azubha phaladAyaka nahIM haiN| corI aura parastrIsevana bhI koI pApa nahIM haiN| parigraha evaM anya pApakarma bhI niSphala haiM / arthAt unakA bhI koI azubha phala nahIM hotaa| nArakoM, tiryaMcoM, manuSyoM kI yoniyA~ nahIM hai| devaloka bhI nahIM hai| mokSagamana yA mukti bhI nahIM hai| mAtA-pitA bhI nahIM haiM / puruSArtha bhI nahIM hai / arthAt puruSArtha kArya kI siddhi meM kAraNa nahIM hai| pratyAkhyAna tyAga bhI nahIM hai / bhUta-vartamAna-bhaviSya kAla nahIM hai aura mRtyu nahIM hai / arahanta, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva bhI nahIM hote / na koI RSi, na koI muni hai| dharma aura adharma kA thor3A yA bahuta, kicit bhI phala nahIM hotA / isalie aisA jAnakara indriyoM ke anukUla sabhI viSayoM meM pravRtti karo / kisI bhI prakAra ke bhogavilAsa se paraheja mata kro| na koI zubha kriyA hai na koI azubha kriyA hai / uparyukta varNana bhAratIya darzana ke vibhinna granthoM meM cArvAka darzana ke anukUla pAyA jAtA hai / cArvAkadarzana kI prasiddha ukti yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet, tAvat vaiSayikaM sukhaM RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya, punarAgamanaM kutaH13 // arthAt jaba taka jIo sukha se jIo, sukhapUrvaka jIvanayApana karane ke lie paisA na ho to RNa lekara bhI khAo-pIo / yaha zarIra yahIM bhasmIbhUta ho jAtA hai / prastuta vicAradhArA kA hI vistAra ukta sUtra meM pAyA jAtA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki yahA~ paJcaskandhavAdI, vAyujIvavAdI evaM manojIvavAdI ko eka hI prakAra kI AcAra viSayaka vicAradhArA ko mAnanevAle batAyA gayA hai| usakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki ukta sabhI vicAradhArAvAle loga AtmA kA sanAtana astitva svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / sUtrakRtAMga (dvitIya skaMdha; prAyaH I. pU. 1 zatI) meM bhI cArvAka Adi dArzanikoM kI bAta kahI gaI hai / AcArya haribhadrasUri ne zAstravArtAsamuccaya (prAyaH IsvI 750-775) meM isI mAnyatA kI adhika vistAra se carcA kI hai15 | sAmAnyataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki cArvAka meM kisI bhI prakAra kA vaimatya nahIM hai kintu usa samaya cArvAka jaisI mAnyatAoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlI ekAdhika vicAradhArA astitva meM thI, isa bAta ko praznavyAkaraNa ke ukta sUtra se puSTi milatI hai| yaha bAta haribhadrasUri ne zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM batAyI hai / AcArya abhayadevasUri ne praznavyAkaraNa kI TIkA (prAyaH I. 1080) meM bhI ina vicAradhArAoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai / asadbhAvavAdI : nAstikavAdI ke bAda praznavyAkaraNa meM dUsarA mata asadbhAvavAdI kA batAyA gayA hai / jIva ke astitva kI carcA kI taraha hI jagat ke astitva kI carcA bhI darzanazAstra kA mahattvapUrNa prazna rahA hai / jagat sat hai yA asat, sAdi-sAMta hai yA anAdi ananta ? yadi sAdi-sAnta hai to vaha sakartRka hai yA akartRka ? jagat kA sambandha jIva ke sAtha kaisA hai ? ina praznoM ke AdhAra para hI aneka matoM yA siddhAntoM kA udaya huA / sRSTi ko pUrva meM asat mAnane vAle do matoM kA varNana praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai /
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________________ Vol. III - 1997-2002 paNhAvAgaraNAI. 281 (1) aMDe se udbhUta jagat evaM (2) svayaMbhU vinirmita jagat yahA~ to kevala do hI matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / bhAratIya darzanoM meM aneka aise darzana haiM jo jagat kI utpatti vibhinna rUpa se mAnate haiM / aise aneka matoM kA ullekha evaM varNana haribhadrasUri ne lokatattvanirNaya (prAyaH IsvI 750-775) nAmaka grantha meM kiyA hai|9 / prAyaH ina sabhI matoM ke bIja hameM upaniSadoM meM prApta hote haiM 1 aMDodbhava sRSTi kA savistara varNana hameM chAndogya upaniSad (prAyaH I. pU. 5-4 zatI) evaM manusmRti (prAyaH IsvI sanakA Arambha) (prAya: I. pU. 5-4-zatI) meM milatA hai / tadanusAra pUrva meM astitvamAna jagat asat thA bAda meM jaba vaha nAmarUpa kArya kI ora abhimukha huA to aMkurita hote hue aMDe ke AkAra kA banA aura usase sRSTi kA udbhava huaa| svayaMbhU vinirmita jagat ke vicAroM kI spaSTatA karate hue vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ne vRtti meM batAyA hai ki sRSTi ke pUrva mahAbhUta rahita, eka mAtra tamobhUta avasthA meM acintya zaktidhAraka vibhu ne tapa kiyA aura nAbhi se divya kamala kI utpatti huI tatpazcAt usase brahmA aura aMtataH sarva sRSTi kA nirmANa huA ! IzvaravAda : sRSTi Izvara vinirmita hai, aisA naiyAyika AdikA mAnanA hai / sUtra meM koI vizeSa vyakti ke nAma kA vidhAna to nahIM kiyA hai kintu TIkAkAra ne vahI anumAna kA prayoga kiyA hai jisakA nyAyadarzana meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai yathA :- buddhimatkAraNapUrvakaM jagatsaMsthAnavizeSapUrvakatvAt ghaTAdivaditi22 / arthAt isa sRSTi kA nirmANa kisI buddhimAn kartA ne kiyA hai, kyoMki saMsthAnavizeSa se yukta hai, jisa taraha ghaTa Adi padArtha saMsthAnavizeSa se yukta haiM aura unakA koI na koI kartA hai, usI taraha / viSNuvAda : tatpazcAt kucha loga ke mantavya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki saMpUrNa jagat viSNu-Atmaka hai / TIkAkAra ne prastuta vicAradhArA ke AdhAra meM suprasiddha zloka uddhRta kiyA hai|3 / yathA : jale viSNuH sthale viSNurviSNuH parvatamastake / jvAlAmAlAkule viSNuH sarvaviSNumayaM jagat / / arthAt jala meM, sthala meM, parvata ke mastaka para, agni meM sarvatra viSNu vyApta hai, koI aisA sthala nahIM hai jahA~ viSNu kA astitva na ho / AtmAdvaitavAda : advaitavAdiyoM kA kathana hai ki isa saMsAra meM eka hI Atmatattva hai jisa taraha eka hI candra vibhinna jala meM pratibimbita hotA hai usI taraha eka hI Atmatattva vibhinna bhUtoM meM vyavasthita huA hai, jisakA vibhAva brahmabindu-upaniSad meM milatA hai24 / yathA : eka eva hI bhUtAtmA, bhUte bhUte vyavasthitaH / ekadhA bahudhA caiva, dRzyate jalacandravat // 12 // puruSa evedaM sarvaM yadbhUtaM yaccabhAvyaM / isI puruSa ko - Atmatattva ko akartA, vedaka, nitya, niSkiya, nirguNa, nilipta mAnA gayA hai| ina saba guNoM kA vRttikAra savistara varNana karate hue khaNDana karate haiN|
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________________ 282 jitendra zAha Nirgrantha anta meM jagat ke mUla kAraNa ke viSaya meM prAcIna matoM yadRcchAvAda, svabhAvavAda, aura niyativAdiyoMkA ullekha kiyA hai / yadRcchAvAdI jagat kI vicitratA ko Akasmika, svabhAvavAdI - svabhAvataH evaM niyativAdI niyata hI mAnate haiM / anta meM ina sabhI vicAradhArAoM kI maryAdA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka aMga grantha meM ukta 14 vibhinna matoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai jo usa kAla meM vizeSa pracalita rahe hoNge| sandarbha evaM sahAyakagrantha-sUcI: 1. "paNhAvAgaraNadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA pannatA, taM jahA-uvamA, saMkhA, isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsitAI, mahAvIrabhAsitAI, khomapasiNAI, komalapasiNAI, addAgapasiNAI, aMguTThapasiNAI, bAhupasiNAI / " ThANaMgasuttaM0 saMpA0 muni jambUvijayajI, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya muMbaI-36, I0 sa0 1985, pR0 311 / 2. ThANaMgasutaM, samavAyaMgasuttaM ca, saMpA0 munizrI jambUvijayajI, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI-36, saM0 1985, pR0 444-445 / 3. naMdIsuttaM siridevavAyagavir3ayaM, saMpA0 puNyavijaya muni, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI-26, I0 sa0 1968, pR0 40 / 4. paNhavAgaraNaM NAma aMgaM teNaudilakkha solahasahassa pavedi 9316000/ akkhevaNI NikkhevaNI saMveyaNI NivveyaNI cedicaubihAo kahAo vaNNedi / 105 SakhaMDAgama: dhavalA TIkA samanvitaH, saM0 hIrAlAla jaina, prathama khaMDa, jIvasthAna satprarUpaNA-1, amarAvatI 1939. 5. praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSaya-vastu kI khoja, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, jaina Agama sAhitya, saMpA0 ke0 Ara0 candra, __prAkRta jaina vidyA vikAsa phaMDa, ahamadAbAda-15, pR0 68-96. 6. suttapiTaka-dIghanikAya pAli-bhAga-1, sAmavaphalasutta, navanAlandA vihAra, nAlandA, vihAra, pR0 41-53 / 7. sUyagaDaMgasuttaM, saMpA0 munizrI jambUvijayajI, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya bambaI-36, I0 sa0 1978, prathamazruta skaMdha 1-637 / 8. kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyA 1 saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhaduHkhahetoH // 2 // zvetAzvataropaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura, saM0 1995, pR0 71 ! 9. praznavyAkaraNam, saMpA0 zobhAcandra bhArilla, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, (rAjasthAna) saM0 1993, pR0 54-55 / 10. vahI. pR0 55 / 11. vahI. pR0 55 / 12. vahI, pR0 55 / 13. SaDdarzana samuccaya, haribhadrasUri, saMpA0, mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, 110003, pR0 453 / 14. sUyagaDaMgasuttaM, saMpA0 munizrI jambUvijayajI, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI-36, I0 sa0 1978 / 15. zAstravArtA-samuccaya, hindI vivecanakAra badarInAtha zukla, caukhambhA oriyanyaliyA, vArANasI-221001, I0 sa0 1977, zlo0 30-87 pR0 97-283 / 16. vahI ! 17. praznavyAkaraNasUtra, vahI pR0 59 / 18. imaM vi bitiyaM kudasaNaM asabbhAvavAiNo paNNaveMti mUDhA-saMbhUo aMDagAo logo ! sayaMbhuNA sayaM ya Nimmio ! evaM eyaM aliyaM payaMpaMti / praznavyAkaraNa sU-48 vahI / / 19. lokatattva nirNaya grantha, A0 haribhadrasUri, zrI jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, saMvat 1958 / 20. andogya upaniSad, upaniSatsaMgraha : saMpA0 jagadIza zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1984, SaSTho'dhyAyaH / manusmRti a0 1 zloka 5-15 / 21. praznavyAkaraNa dazAsUtram, TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri, saMpA0 vijaya jinendrasUrIzvara, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA lAkhAbAvala, I0 sa0 1989, pR0 61 / 22. vahI. pR0 62 / 23. vahI, pR0 63 / 24. brahmabindu upaniSad, upaniSatsaMgrahaH, saMpA0 paM0 jagadIza zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI I0 sa0 1984, pR0 142 / 25. jaM vi ihaM kici jIvaloe dIsai sukayaM vA dukayaM vA eyaM jadicchAe vA, sahAveNa vA vi daivatappabhASao vA vi bhavai / Natthettha kiMci kayagaM tattaM lakkhaNavihANaNiyattIe kAriyaM evaM kei jaMpati iTTi-rasa-sAyAgAravaparA bahave karaNAlasA parUveMti dhammavImaMsaeNaM mosaM / pU0 praznavyAkaraNasUtra vahI, /