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________________ Gma praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI prAcIna viSayavastu kI khoja zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAe~ yaha svIkAra karatI haiM ki praznavyAkaraNasUtra (paNhavAgaraNa ) jaina aMga-Agama-sAhitya kA dasavA~ aMga-grantha hai, kintu digambara- paramparA ke anusAra aMga- Agama sAhitya kA viccheda (lupta) ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna meM yaha grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA aMga- sAhitya kA viccheda nahIM mAnatI hai| ataH usake upalabdha AgamoM meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha Aja bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kintu samasyA yaha hai ki kyA zvetAmbara - paramparA ke vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu vahI hai jisakA nirdeza anya zvetAmbara prAcIna Agama granthoM meM hai athavA yaha parivartita ho cukI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI prAcIna nirdeza zvetAmbara maramparA ke sthAnAMga (ThANaMga), samavAyAMga, anuyogadvAra evaM nandIsUtra meM aura digambara- paramparA ke rAjavArtika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA nAmaka TIkA granthoM meM upalabdha hai| inameM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga lagabhaga 3 rI - 4thI zatI evaM nandI lagabhaga 5vIM-6ThI zatAbdI, rAjavArtika 8 vIM zatAbdI tathA dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA 10vIM zatAbdI ke grantha svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| praznavyAkaraNa' nAma kyoM? 'praznavyAkaraNa' isa nAma ko lekara prAcIna TIkAkAroM evaM vidvAnoM meM yaha dhAraNA bana gayI thI ki jisa grantha meM praznoM ke samAdhAna kiye gaye hoM, vaha praznavyAkaraNa hai| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu praznottarazailI meM nahIM thI aura na vaha prazna- vidyA arthAt nimittazAstra se hI sambandhita thI guru-ziSya samvAda kI praznottarazailI meM Agama-grantha kI racanA eka paravartI ghaTanA hai- bhagavatI yA vyAkhyA- prajJapti isakA prathama udAharaNa hai| yadyapi samavAyAMga evaM nandI sUtra meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 pUche gaye, 108 nahIM pUche gaye aura 108 aMzataH pUche gaye aura aMzataH nahIM pUche gaye praznoM ke uttara haiN| kintu vaha avadhAraNA kAlpanika hI lagatI hai| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcInatama viSayavastu praznottara rUpa meM thI yA usameM praznoM kA uttara dene vAlI vidyAoM kA samAveza thA- samavAyAMga aura nandasUtra ke ullekhoM ke atirikta Aja isakA koI prabala pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcInakAla meM granthoM ko praznoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karane kI paramparA thii| isakA sabase mahattvapUrNa udAharaNa ApastambIya dharmasUtra hai| jisakI viSayavastu ko do praznoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| isake prathama prazna meM 11 paTala aura dvitIya prazna meM 11 paTala haiN| yaha sampUrNa grantha praznottara rUpa meM bhI nahIM hai| isI prakAra baudhAyana dharmasUtra kI viSayavastu bhI praznoM meM vibhakta hai| ataH praznottara zailI meM hone ke kAraNa yA praznavidyA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa ise praznavyAkaraNa nAma diyA gayA thA, yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hogaa| vaise isakA prAcIna nAma 'vAgaraNa' (vyAkaraNa) hI thaa| RSibhASita meM isakA isI nAma se ullekha hai| prAcInakAla meM tAttvika vyAkhyA ko vyAkaraNa kahA jAtA thaa| 196 praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM anya granthoM meM jo nirdeza hai usase vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa nikSaya hI bhinna hai| yaha parivartana kisa rUpa meM huA hai, yahI vicAraNIya hai| yadi hama grantha ke kAlakrama ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM upalabdha vivaraNoM ko dekheM, to hameM usakI viSayavastu meM hue parivartanoM kI spaSTa sUcanA usameM mila jAtI hai| (a) sthAnAMga - praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM prAcInatama ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra meM milatA hai| isameM praznavyAkaraNa kI gaNanA dasa dazAoM meM kI gaI hai tathA usake nimna dasa adhyayana batAye gaye haiM?-- 1. upanA, 2 saMkhyA 3 RSibhASita 4. AcAryabhASita 5. mahAvIrabhASita 6. kSobhikaprazna 7 komalaprazna 8. Adarzaprazna (Adrakaprazna), 9. aMguSThaprazna 10. bAhuprazna isase phalita hotA hai ki sarvaprathama yaha dasa apanoM kA grantha thaa| dasa adhyAyoM ke grantha dasA (dazA) kahe jAte the| (ba) samavAyAMga- sthAna ke pazcAt praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI viSayavastu kA adhika vistRta vivecana karane vAlA Agama samavAyAMga hai samavAyAMga meM usakI viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM 108 praznoM, 108 apraznoM aura 108 praznApraznoM kI vidyAoM ke atizayoM (camatkAroM) kA tathA nAgoM suparNo ke sAtha divya saMvAdoM kA vivecana hai| yaha praznavyAkaraNa dazA svasamaya-parasamaya ke prajJApaka evaM vividha arthoM vAlI bhASA ke pravaktA pratyekabuddhoM ke dvArA bhASita atizaya guNoM evaM upazamabhAva ke dhAraka tathA jJAna ke Akara AcAryoM ke dvArA vistAra se bhASita aura jagat ke hita ke lie vaura maharSi ke dvArA vizeSa vistAra se bhASita hai| yaha Adarza (addAga), aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, kSauma (vastra) evaM Aditya (ke Azraya se) bhASita hai isameM mahAprazna vidyA manapraznavidyA, devaprayoga Adi kA ullekha hai| isameM saba prANiyoM ke pradhAna guNoM prakAzaka, durguNoM ko alpa karane vAle, manuSyoM kI mati ko vismita karane vAle, atizayamaya kAlajJa evaM zamadama se yukta uttama tIrthaMkaroM ke pravacana meM sthita karane vAle, durabhigama, duravagAha, sabhI sarvajJoM ke dvArA sammata sabhI ajJajanoM ko bodha karAne vAle pratyakSa pratItikAraka, vividhaguNoM se aura mahAn arthoM se yukta jinavara praNIta prazna (vacana) kahe gaye haiN| 2
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________________ - cIndrasUri smArakacatya - jaina Agama sAhitya praznavyAkaraNa aMga kI sImita vAcanAyeM haiM, saMkhyAta anuyoga- meM RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita hI isakI pramukha dvAra haiM, saMkhyAta pratipattiyA~ haiM, saMkhyAta veDha haiM, saMkhyAta zloka haiM, viSayavastu rahI hogii| RSibhASita meM 'vAgaraNa' grantha kA evaM usakI saMkhyAta niyuktiyA~ haiM aura saMkhyAta sagrahaNiyA~ haiN| viSayavastu kI RSibhAsita se samAnatA kA ullekha hai| isase praznavyAkaraNa aMgarUpa se dasavA~ aMga hai, isameM eka zrutaskandha prAcInakAla (I0pU0 4thI yA 3rI zatAbdI) meM usake astittva kI hai, paiMtAlIsa uddezana kAla haiM, paitAlIsa samuddezana kAla haiM, pada-gaNanA sUcanA to milatI hI hai sAtha hI praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kA kI apekSA saMkhyAta lAkha pada kahe gaye haiN| isameM saMkhyAta akSara haiM, sambandha bhI spaSTa hotA hai| ananta gama haiM, ananta paryAya haiM, parIta trasa haiM, ananta sthAvara haiM, sthAnAMgasUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kA vargIkaraNa dasa dazAoM meM kiyA isameM zAzvata kRta, nibaddha, nikAcita jina-prajJapta bhAva kahe jAte haiM, hai| sambhavataH jaba praznavyAkaraNa ke isa prAcIna saMskaraNa kI racanA prajJApita kiye jAte haiM, prarUpita kiye jAte haiM, nidarzita kiye jAte huI hogI taba gyAraha aMgoM athavA dvAdaza gaNipiTika kI avadhAraNA haiM aura upadarzita kiye jAte haiN| isa aMga ke dvArA AtmA jJAtA hotA bhI spaSTa rUpa se nahIM bana pAyI thii| aMga-Agama sAhitya ke 5 grantha hai, vitAtA hotA hai| isa prakAra caraNa aura karaNa kI prarUpaNA ke upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, praznavyAkaraNadazA, anuttaraupapAtika dazA dvArA vastu-svarUpa kA kathana, prajJApana, nidarzana aura upadarzana kiyA tathA karmavipAkadazA (vipAkadazA) dasa dazAoM meM hI parigaNita kiye jAtA hai| jAte the| Aja ina dazAoM meM uparyukta pA~ca tathA AcAradazA, jo (sa) nandIsUtra- nandIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA / Aja dazAzrutaskandha ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai, ko chor3akara zeSa cArajo ullekha hai vaha samavAyAMga ke vivaraNa kA mAtra saMkSipta rUpa hai| bandhadazA, dvigRddhidazA, dIrghadazA aura saMkSepadazA-anupalabdha haiN| usake bhAva aura bhASA donoM hI samAna hai| mAtra vizeSatA yaha hai ki upalabdha chaha dazAoM meM bhI upAsakadazA aura AyAradazA kI viSayavastu isameM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana batAye gaye haiM, jabaki samavAyAMga sthAnAMga meM upalabdha vivaraNa ke anurUpa hai| karmavipAka aura meM kevala 45 samuddezana kAloM kA ullekha hai, 45 adhyayana kA ullekha anuttaropapAtikadazA kI viSayavastu meM kucha samAnatA hai aura kucha bhinnatA samavAyAMga meM nahIM hai| hai| jabaki praznavyAkaraNadazA aura antakRddazA kI viSayavastu pUrI taraha (da) tattvArthavArtika- tattvArthavArtika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI vyAkhyA badala gaI hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu sUcita kI karate hue kahA gayA hai ki AkSepa aura vikSepa ke dvArA hetu aura naya / gaI hai vahI isakA prAcInatama saMskaraNa lagatA hai, kyoMki yahA~ taka ke Azraya se praznoM ke vyAkaraNa ko praznavyAkaraNa kahate hai| isameM isakI viSayavastu meM naimittika vidyAoM kA adhika praveza nahIM dekhA laukika aura vaidika arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai| jAtA hai| sthAnAMga praznavyAkaraNa ke jina daza adhyayanoM kA nirdeza (3) dhavalA- dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI jo viSayavastu batAI karatA hai, unameM bhI merI dRSTi meM isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI aura gaI hai vaha tattvArthavArtika meM pratipAdita viSaya-vastu se kiMcit vibhinnatA mahAvIrabhAsiyAI-ye tIna prAcIna pratIta hote haiN| 'uvamA' aura 'saMkhA' rakhatI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, kI sAmagrI kyA thI? kahA nahIM jA sktaa| yadyapi merI dRSTi meM 'uvamA' saMvedanI aura nivedanI-ina cAra prakAra kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| usameM meM kucha rUpakoM ke dvArA dharma-bodha karAyA gayA hogaa| jaisA ki yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki AkSepaNI kathA parasamayoM (anya matoM) jJAtAdharmakathA meM karma aura aNDoM ke rUpakoM dvArA kramaza: yaha samajhAyA kA nirAkaraNa kara 6 dravyoM aura nava tattvoM kA pratipAdana karatI hai| gayA hai ki jo indriya-saMyama nahIM karatA hai vaha duHkha ko prApta hotA vikSepaNI kathA parasamaya ke dvArA svasamaya para lagAye gaye AkSepoM kA hai aura jo sAdhanA meM asthira-citta rahatA hai vaha phala ko prApta nahIM nirAkaraNa kara svasamaya kI sthApanA karatI hai| saMvedanI kathA puNyaphala karatA hai| isI prakAra 'saMkhA' meM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ke samAna kI kathA hai| isameM tIrthaGkara, gaNadhara, RSi, cakravartI Adi kI Rddhi saMkhyA ke AdhAra para varNita sAmagrI ho| yadyapi yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki kA vivaraNa hai| nivedanI kathA pApa-phala kI kathA hai, isameM naraka, saMkhA nAmaka adhyayana kA sambandha sAMkhya-darzana se rahA ho| kyoMki tiryaMca, jarA-maraNa, roga Adi sAMsArika duHkhoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA anya paramparAoM ke vicAroM ko prastuta karane kI udAratA isa grantha hai| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa praznoM ke anusAra meM thii| sAtha hI prAcIna kAla meM sAMkhya-zramaNadhArA kA hI darzana thA hata, naSTa, muSTi, cintA, lAbha, alAbha, sukha, duHkha, jIvita, maraNa, aura jaina-darzana se usakI nikaTatA thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaya, parAjaya, nAma, dravya, Ayu aura saMkhyA nirUpaNa karatA hai| addAgapasiNAI, bAhupasiNAI Adi adhyAyoM kA sambandha bhI nimittazAstra isa prakAra praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM prAcIna se na hokara ina nAmavAle vyaktiyoM kI tAttvika paricarcA se rahA ho ullekhoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| jo kramaza: Ardraka aura bAhuka nAmaka RSiyoM kI tattvacarcA se sambandhita rahe hoNge| addAgapasiNAI kI TIkAkAroM ne 'Adarza prazna' aisI jo praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu sambandhI vivaraNoM kI samIkSA saMskRta-chAyA kI hai vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| usakI saMskRta-chAyA merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNasUtra kI viSayavastu ke tIna saMskAra 'Ardraka prazna' aisI honA caahie| AIka se hue praznottaroM kI carcA hue hoNge| prathama evaM prAcInatama saMskAra, jo 'vAgaraNa' kahA jAtA thA, sUtrakRtAMga meM milatI hai sAtha hI vartamAna RSibhASita meM bhI 'addAeNa'
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________________ - yatIndrasUri mAraka granya - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - (AIka) aura bAhu (bAhuka) nAmaka adhyayana upalabdha haiN| ho sakatA AcAryabhASita aura mahAravIrabhASita hI thI aura jisakA adhikAMza bhAga hai ki komala aura khoma-kSoma bhI koI RSi rahe haiN| soma kA ullekha Aja bhI RSibhASita Adi ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| kyoMki samavAyAMga bhI RSibhASita meM hai| phira bhI yadi hama yaha mAnane ko utsuka hI meM bhI praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu ko pratyekabuddhabhASita, AcAryabhASita, hoM ki ye adhyayana nimittazAstra se sambandhita the to hameM yaha mAnanA maharSivIrabhASita kahA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM jahA~ RSibhASita zabda hai hogA ki yaha sAmagrI usameM bAda meM jur3I hai, prArambha meM usakA aMga vahAM samavAyAMga meM pratyekabuddhabhASita zabda hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki RSibhASita nahIM thii| kyoMki prAcInakAla meM nimittazAstra kA adhyayana jaina-bhikSu ke pratyeka RSi ko Age calakara jainAcAryoM ne pratyekabuddha ke rUpa ke lie varjita thA aura ise pApazruta mAnA jAtA thaa| meM svIkAra kiyA haiM aura yaha zabda-parivartana usI kA sUcaka hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga donoM meM praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI jo yahI kAraNa hai ki isameM RSibhASita ke sthAna para pratyekabuddhabhASita vivaraNa haiM, ve bhI eka kAla ke nahIM haiN| samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa paravartI kahA gayA hai| hamAre kathana kI puSTi kA dUsarA AdhAra yaha hai ki samavAyAMga hai, kyoMki usa vivaraNa meM mUla tathya surakSita rahate hue bhI nimittazAstra meM praznavyAkaraNa ke eka zrutaskandha aura 45 adhyAya mAne gaye haiN| sambandhI vivaraNa kAphI vistRta ho gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki samavAyAMga ke praznavyAkaraNa kI viSaya-vastu / ke dasa adhyayana batAye gaye haiM jabaki samavAyAMga usameM 45 uddezaka sambandhI isa vivaraNa ke likhe jAne taka bhI yaha avadhAraNA acetanarUpa hone kI sUcanA detA hai| 'uvamA' aura 'saMkhA' nAmaka sthAnAMga meM varNita meM avazya thI ki praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu pratyekabuddhoM, dharmAcAryoM prArambhika do adhyayanoM kA yahA~ nirdeza hI nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai ki aura mahAvIra ke upadezoM se nirmita thI, yadyapi isa kAla taka RSibhASita 'uvamA' kI sAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA meM aura 'saMkhA' kI sAmagrI-yadi ko usase alaga kara diyA gayA hogA aura usake 45 adhyayanoM ke usakA sambandha saMkhyA se thA to sthAnAMga yA samavAyAMga meM DAla dI sthAna para nimittazAstra sambandhI vidyAe~ samAviSTa kara dI gaI hoNgii| gaI ho| 'komalapasiNAI' kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| ina tInoM ke sthAna yadyapi nimittazAstra ke viSaya jor3ane kA hI aisA kucha prayatna sImitarUpa para 'asi' 'maNi' aura Aditya' ye tIna nAma naye jur3a gaye haiM, punaH meM sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI vivaraNa likhe jAne ke pUrva bhI inakA ullekha bhI adhyayanoM ke rUpa meM nahIM hai| samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa huA hogaa| merI dhAraNA yaha hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM prathama nimittazAstra spaSTarUpa se yaha batAtA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA varNya-viSaya camatkArapUrNa / kA viSaya jur3A aura phira RSibhASita vAlA aMza alaga huA tathA vividha vidyAoM se paripUrNa hai| yahA~ isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI bIca kA kucha kAla aisA rahA jaba vahI viSayavastu donoM meM aura mahAvIrabhAsiyAiM ina tIna adhyayanoM kA vilopa kara yaha nimittazAstra samanAntara banI rhii| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jahA~ sambandhI vivaraNa inake dvArA kathita hai- yaha kaha diyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa ke dasa adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai, vahA~ vastuta: samavAyAMga kA vivaraNa hameM praznavyAkaraNa ke kisI dUsare samavAyAMga meM isake 45 uddezana kAla aura nandI meM 45 adhyayana parivardhita saMskaraNa kI sUcanA detA hai jisameM naimittazAstra se sambandhita hone kA ullekha hai- yaha Akasmika nahIM hai| yaha ullekha praznavyAkaraNa vivaraNa jor3akara pratyeka buddhabhASita (RSibhASita), AcAryabhASita aura aura RSibhASita kI kisI sAmyatA kA saMketaka hai| vartamAna vIrabhASita (mahAvIrabhASita) bhAga alaga kara diye gaye the aura isa praznavyAkaraNa meM dasa adhyayana honA bhI saprayojana hai- sthAnAGga ke prakAra ise zuddharUpa se eka nimittazAstra kA grantha banA diyA gayA thaa| pUrva vivaraNa se saMgati baiThAne ke lie hI aisA kiyA gayA hogaa| dasa use prAmANikatA dene ke lie yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA ki ye pratyeka aura paiMtAlIsa ke isa vivAda ko sulajhAne ke do hI vikalpa haiMbuddha, AcArya aura mahAvIrabhASita haiN| prathama sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki prAcIna saMskaraNa meM dasa adhyAya tattvArthavArtika meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jo vivaraNa rahe hoM aura usake RSibhASita vAle adhyAya ke 45 uddezaka rahe hoM upalabdha hai vaha itanA avazya sUcita karatA hai ki granthakAra ke sAmane athavA mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM vartamAna RSibhASita ke 45 adhyAya hI praznavyAkaraNa kI koI prati nahIM thI usane praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu hoM kyoMki inameM bhI RSibhASita ke sAtha mahAvIrabhASita aura ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa diyA hai, vaha kalpanAzrita hI hai| yadyapi AcAryabhASita kA samAveza ho hI jAtA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM jo nimittazAstra se sambandhita vartamAna RSibhASita ke 45 adhyAyoM meM se kucha adhyAya RSibhASita kucha vivaraNa hai, vaha nizcaya hI yaha batAtA hai ki granthakAra ne use ke antargata aura kucha AcAryabhASita evaM kucha mahAvIrabhASita ke antargata anuzruti ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara yA yApanIya paramparA se prApta kiyA hogaa| uddezakoM ke rUpa meM vargIkRta hue hoN| mahattvapUrNa yaha hai ki samavAyAMga dhavalA meM varNita viSayavastu vAlA koI praznavyAkaraNa astitva meM bhI meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana na kahakara 45 uddezana kAla kahA rahA hogA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| gayA hai, kintu praznavyAkaraNa se alaga karane ke pazcAt unheM eka hI jaisA ki hama pUrva meM kaha cuke haiM ki samavAyAMga kA praznavyAkaraNa grantha ke antargata 45 adhyAyoM ke rUpa meM rakha diyA gayA ho| eka kI viSayavastu sambandhI vivaraNa sthAnAMga kI apekSA paravartI kAla kA mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki samavAyAMga meM RSibhASita ke 44 adhyayana hai| phira bhI isameM kucha tathya aise avazya haiM jo hamArI isa dhAraNA kahe gaye haiM jabaki vartamAna RSibhASita meM 45 adhyayana haiN| kyA vardhamAna ko puSTa karate haiM ki praznavyAkaraNa kI mUlabhUta viSayavastu RSibhASita, nAmaka adhyayana pahale isameM sammilita nahIM thaa| kyoMki ise
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________________ vastu surakSita hai| ra dvitIya saMskAramA mahattvapUrNa - cIndrasUri smArakagranya - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - mahAvIrabhASita meM parigaNita nahIM kiyA gayA thA yA anya koI kAraNa kyA praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu surakSita hai? thA, hama nahIM kaha skte| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki utkaTavAdI adhyAya yahA yaha carcA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki kyA praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama meM kisI RSi kA ullekha nahIM hai, sAtha hI yaha adhyAya cArvAka-darzana aura dvitIya saMskAroM kI viSayavastu pUrNata: naSTa ho gaI hai yA vaha kA pratipAdana karatA hai| ata: ise RSibhASita meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA Aja bhI pUrNata: yA AMzika rUpa meM surakSita hai| gayA ho| samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra ke mUlapAThoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa ke prathama saMskaraNa meM RSibhASita, yaha hai ki nandIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa ke 45 adhyayana haiM- aisA spaSTa AcAryabhASita aura mahAvIrabhASita ke nAma se jo sAmagrI thI vaha Aja pATha hai12 jabaki samavAyAMga meM 45 adhyayana, aisA pATha na hokara 45 bhI RSibhASita, jJAtAdharmakathA, sUtrakRtAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana meM bahuta uddezana kAla hai, mAtra yahI pATha hai| ho sakatA hai ki samavAyAMga ke kucha surakSita hai| aisA lagatA hai ki IsavI san ke pUrva hI usa sAmagrI racanA-kAla taka ve uddezaka rahe hoM, kintu Age calakara ve adhyayana ko vahA~ se alaga kara isibhAsiyAI ke nAma se svatantra grantha ke rUpa kahe jAne lage hoN| yadi samavAyAMga ke kAla taka 45 adhyayanoM kI meM surakSita kara liyA gayA thaa| jaina-paramparA meM aise prayAsa aneka avadhAH hotI to samavAyAMgakAra usakA ullekha avazya karate kyoMki ___ bAra hue haiM jaba cUlA yA cUlikA ke rUpa meM granthoM meM navIna sAmagrI samavAyAMga meM anya aMga-AgamoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM adhyayanoM kA jor3I jAtI rahI athavA kisI grantha kI sAmagrI ko nikAlakara usase spaSTa ullekha hai| eka nayA grantha banA diyaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kisI samaya nizItha isa sambandha meM eka mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha bhI hai ki kyA nimittazAstra ko AcArAMga kI cUlA ke rUpa meM jor3A gayA aura kAlAntara meM use evaM cAmatkArika vidyAoM se yukta koI praznavyAkaraNa banA bhI thA yA vahA~ se alaga kara nizItha nAmaka nayA grantha hI banA diyA gyaa| isI yaha saba kalpanA kI ur3AneM haiM? yaha satya hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kI prakAra AyAradazA (dazAzrutaskandha) ke AThaveM adhyAya (paryuSaNakalpa) pada-saMkhyA kA samavAyAMga, nandI, nandIcUrNi aura dhavalA meM jo ullekha kI sAmagrI se kalpasUtra nAmaka eka nayA grantha hI banA diyA gyaa| hai, vaha kAlpanika hai| yadyapi samavAyAMga aura nandI, praznavyAkaraNa ata: yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki pahale praznavyAkaraNa meM ke padoM kI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM dete haiM-mAtra saMkhyAta-zata-sahasra- isibhAsiyAI ke adhyAya jur3ate rahe hoM aura phira adhyayanoM kI sAmagrI aisA ullekha karate haiM, kintu nandIcUrNi evaM samavAyAMgavRtti meM usake ko vahA~ se alaga kara isibhAsiyAI nAmaka svatantra grantha astitva padoM kI saMkhyA 9216000 aura dhavalA' meM 9316000 batAyI meM AyA ho| merA yaha kathana nirAdhAra bhI nahIM hai| prathama to donoM gaI hai, jo mujhe to kAlpanika hI adhika lagatI hai| nAmoM kI sAmyatA to hai hii| sAtha hI samavAyAMga meM yaha bhI spaSTa merI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandI, tattvArtha, ullekha hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM svasamaya aura parasamaya ke prajJApaka rAjavArtika, dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu pratyekabuddhoM ke kathana haiN| (paNhAvAgaraNadasAsuNaM sasamaya-parasamaya kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha hai vaha pUrNata: kAlpanika cAhe na ho, kintu paNNavaya-patteabuddha .......bhAsiyAiNaM, samavAyAMga 547) / isibhAsiyAI usameM satyAMza kama aura kalpanA kA puTa adhika hai| yadyapi nimittazAstra ke sambandha meM yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki usameM pratyekabuddhoM ke vacana ke viSaya ko lekara koI praznavyAkaraNa avazya banA hogA, phira bhI haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM samavAyAMga sa-samaya-para samaya paNNavaya patteabuddha-arthAt usameM samavAyAMga aura dhavalA meM varNita samagra viSayavastu evaM cAmatkArika svasamaya evaM parasamaya ke prajJApaka pratyeka buddha kA ullekha kara isakI vidyAe~ rahI hoMgI yaha kahanA kaThina hI hai|| puSTi bhI kara detA hai ki ve pratyeka buddha mAtra jaina-paraMparA ke nahIM haiM, isI sandarbha meM samavAyAMga ke mUlapATha 'addAgaMgaTThabAhuasimaNi apitu anya paramparAoM ke bhI hai| isibhAsiyAiM meM maMkhaligozAla, khomaAiccabhAsiyANaM15 ke artha ke sambandha meM bhI yahA~ hameM punarvicAra devanArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, uddAlaka Adi se sambandhita karanA hogaa| kahIM adAga, aMguSTha, bAhu, asi, maNi, khoma (kSoma) adhyAya bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karate haiN| merI dRSTi meM praznavyAkaraNa aura Aditya vyakti to nahIM haiM- kyoMki inake dvArA bhASita kahane kA prAcInatama adhikAMza bhAga Aja bhI isibhAsiyAI meM tathA kucha kA kyA artha hai? sthAnAGga ke vivaraNa kI samIkSA karate hue jaisI bhAga sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA aura uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyAyoM ke ki maiMne sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai ki kahIM adAga-AIka, bAhu-bAhuka, rUpa meM surakSita hai| praznavyAkaraNa kA isibhAsiyAI vAlA aMza vartamAna khoma-soma nAmaka RSi to nahIM hai, kyoMki RSibhASita meM inake ullekha / isibhAsiyAI (RSibhASita), mahAvIrabhAsiyAI meM tathA AyariyabhAsiyAI haiN| Aditya bhI koI RSi ho sakate haiN| kevala aMguTTha, asi aura kA kucha aMza uttarAdhyayana ke adhyanoM meM surakSita hai| RSibhASita ke maNi ye tIna nAma avazya aise haiM, jinake vyakti hone kI sambhAvanA tettaliputra nAmaka adhyAya kI viSaya-sAmagrI jJAtAdharmakathA ke 14veM dhUmila hai| tettaliputra nAmaka adhyAya meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| isa samagra carcA kA phalita to mAtra yahI hai ki praznavyAkaraNa uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAya praznavyAkaraNa ke aMza the, isakI kI viSayavastu samaya-samaya para badalatI rahI hai| puSTi aneka AdhAroM se kI jA sakatI hai| sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayana nAma hI isa tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki yaha kisI grantha ke uttara-adhyayanoM
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________________ se banA huA grantha hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki isakI viSaya-sAmagrI pUrva meM kisI grantha kA uttaravartI aMza rahI hogii| isa tathya kI puSTi kA dUsarA kintu sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayananiyukti gAthA 4 meM isa bAta kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai ki uttarAdhyayana kA kucha bhAga aMga-sAhitya se liyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayananiyukti kI isa gAthA kA tAtparya yaha hai ki bandhana aura mukti se sambandhita jinabhASita aura pratyekabuddha ke saMvAdarUpa isake kucha adhyayana aMga granthoM se liye gaye hai| nirmuktikAra kA yaha kathana tIna mukhya bAtoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| prathama to yaha ki uttarAdhyayana ke jo 36 adhyayana haiM, unameM kucha jinabhASita (mahAvIrabhASita) aura kucha pratyekabuddhoM ke saMvAda rUpa haiM tathA aMga sAhitya se liye gaye haiN| aba yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki vaha aMga-grantha kauna sA thA, jisase uttarAdhyayana ke ye bhAga liye gaye? kucha AcAryoM ne dRSTivAda se isake pariSaha Adi adhyAyoM ko liye jAne kI kalpanA kI hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM isakA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| isakI sAmagrI usI grantha se lI jA sakatI hai jisameM mahAvIrabhASita aura pratyekabuddha - bhASita viSayavastu ho| isaprakAra viSayavastu praznavyAkaraNa kI hI thI ataH usase hI inheM liyA gayA hogaa| yaha bAta nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai ki cAhe uttarAdhyayana ke samasta adhyayana to nahIM, kintu kucha adhyayana to avazya hI mahAvIrabhASita haiN| eka bAra hama uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyayana evaM usake anta meM dI huI usa gAthA ko jisameM usakA mahAvIrabhASita honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai. paravartI evaM prakSipta mAna bhI leM, kintu usake 18 veM adhyayana kI 24 vIM gAthA jo na kevala isI gAthA ke sarUpa hai, apitu bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI usakI apekSA prAcIna lagatI hai- prakSipta nahIM kahI jA sktii| yadi uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyayana jinabhASita evaM kucha pratyekabuddhoM ke samvAdarUpa haiM to hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki ve kisa aMga grantha ke bhAga ho sakate haiN| praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM usake adhyAyoM ko mahAvIrabhASita evaM pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAya pUrva meM praznavyAkaraNa ke aMza rahe haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke adhyAyoM ke vaktA ke rUpa meM dekheM to spaSTarUpa se unameM namipavvajjA, kApilIya, saMjayIyA Adi jaise kaI adhyayana pratyeka buddhoM ke samvAdarUpa milate haiN| jabaki vinayasutta pariSaha vibhakti, saMskRta, akAmamaraNIya, kSullaka nirmandhIya, dumapatraka, bahuzrutapUjA jaise kucha adhyAya mahAvIrabhASita haiM aura kesI gautamIya, gahamIya Adi kucha adhyAya AcAryabhASita kahe jA sakate haiN| ataH praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcIna saMskAra kI viSaya - sAmagrI se isa uttarAdhyayana ke aneka adhyAyoM kA nirmANa huA hai| * catIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina Agama evaM sAhitya yadyapi samavAyAMga evaM nandIsUtra meM uttarAdhyayana kA nAma AyA hai, kintu sthAnAMga meM kahIM bhI uttarAdhyayana kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM nirdeza kara cuke hai sthAnAGga hI aisA prathama grantha hai jo jaina Agama sAhitya ke prAcInatama svarUpa kI sUcanA detA hai| mimimm mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga meM prastuta jaina sAhitya-vivaraNa ke pUrva taka uttarAdhyayana eka svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM astitva meM nahIM AyA thA, apitu vaha praznavyAkaraNa ke eka bhAga ke rUpa meM thaa| punaH uttarAdhyayana kA mahAvIrabhASita honA use praznavyAkaraNa ke adhIna mAnane se hI siddha ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI viSayavastu kA nirdeza karate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 36 apRSTa kA vyAkhyAna karane ke pazcAt 37veM pradhAna nAmaka adhyayana kA varNana karate hue bhagavAna parinirvANa ko prApta hue| praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kI carcA karate hue usameM pRSTa, apRSTa aura pRSTa praznoM kA vivecana honA batAyA gayA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hAsa ki praznavyAkaraNa aura uttarAdhyayana kI samarUpatA hai aura uttarAdhyayana meM apRSTa praznoM kA vyAkaraNa hai| hama yaha bhI suspaSTa rUpa se batA cuke haiM ki pUrva meM RSibhASita hI praznavyAkaraNa kA eka bhAga thaa| RSibhASita ko paravartI AcAryoM ne pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke bhI kucha adhyayanoM ko pratyekabuddhabhASita kahA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayana evaM RSibhASita eka dUsare se nikaTarUpa se sambandhita the aura kisI eka hI grantha ke bhAga the| haribhadra (8vIM zatI) Avazyakaniyukti kI vRtti (8/5) meM RSabhASita aura uttarAdhyayana ko eka mAnate haiN| terahavIM zatAbdI taka bhI jaina AcAryoM meM aisI dhAraNA calI A rahI thI ki RSibhASita kA samAveza uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| jinaprabhasUri kI vidhimArgaprapA meM, jo 14 vIM zatAbdI kI eka racanA hai-- spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai ki kucha AcAryoM ke mata meM RSibhASita kA antarbhAva uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai| yadi hama uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita ko samagra rUpa meM eka grantha mAneM to aisA lagatA hai ki usa grantha kA pUrvavartI bhAga RSibhASita aura uttaravartI bhAga uttarAdhyayana kahA jAtA thaa| yaha to huI praznavyAkaraNa ke prAcInatama prathama saMskaraNa kI bAta / aba yaha vicAra karanA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa ke nimittazAstra pradhAna dUsare saMskaraNa kI kyA sthiti ho sakatI hai- kyA vaha bhI kisI rUpa meM surakSita hai? jahA~ taka nimittazAstra se sambandhita praznavyAkaraNa ke dUsare saMskaraNa ke astitva meM hone kA prazna hai-- merI dRSTi meM vaha bhI pUrNatayA vilupta nahIM huA hai, apitu mAtra huA yaha hai ki use praznavyAkaraNa se pRthak kara usake sthAna para AzrayadvAra aura saMvaradvAra nAmaka naI viSayavastu DAla dI gaI hai| zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ne jinavANI, disambara 1980 meM prakAzita apane lekha meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka kucha anya granthoM kA saMketa kiyA hai| 'praznavyAkaraNAkhya jayapAyaDa' ke nAma se eka grantha muni jinavijayajI ne siMghI jaina granthamAlA ke grantha kramAMka 43 meM saMvat 2015 meM prakAzita kiyA hai| / yaha grantha eka prAcIna tAr3apatrIya prati ke AdhAra para prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / tAr3apatrIya prati kharataragaccha ke AcArya zAkhA ke jJAnabhaNDAra mancanariant poo pricing Riviv
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________________ - vatIndrasUri ramArakagranya - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya jaisalamera se prApta huI thI aura yaha vikrama saMvat 1336 kI likhI kA grantha banA diyA gyaa| puna: lagabhaga 7vIM zatAbdI meM yaha nimittazAstra huI thii| grantha mUlata: prAkRta bhASA meM haiM aura usameM 378 gAthAe~ vAlA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura usake sthAna para pA~ca Asava haiN| usake sAtha saMskRta-TIkA bhI hai| yaha prakAzita grantha pArzvanAtha tathA pA~ca saMvaradvAra vAlA vartamAna saMskaraNa rakhA gyaa| jaisA ki maiMne vidyAzrama, vArANasI ke puskAlaya meM hai| grantha kA viSaya nimittazAstra sUcita kiyA ki praznavyAkaraNa ke pUrva ke do saMskaraNa bhI cAhe usase se sambandhita hai| isI prakAra jinaratnakoza meM bhI zAntinAtha bhaNDAra pRthak kara diye gaye hoM kintu ve RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana aura khaMbhAta meM upalabdha jayapAhuDa praznavyAkaraNa, nAmaka grantha kI sUcanA praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka anya nimittazAstra ke granthoM ke rUpa meM apanA upalabdha hotI hai| yadyapi isakI gAthA saMkhyA 228 batAI gaI hai| astitva rakha rahe haiN| AzA hai, isa sambandha meM vidvadvarga Age aura eka anya praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka grantha kI sUcanA hameM nepAla ke mahArAjA manthana karake kisI niSkarSa para phuNcegaa| kI lAyabrerI se prApta hotI hai| zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA kI sUcanA ke anusAra isa grantha kI pratilipi terApantha dharmasaMgha ke AcArya munizrI praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kI viSayavastu kI samarUpatA kA nathamalajI ne prApta kara lI hai| isa lekha ke prakAzana ke pUrva zrI jauharImala pramANa jI pArakha, rAvaTI, jodhapura ke saujanya se isa grantha kI phoTo kaoNpI RSibhASita aura prAcIna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastuoM kI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ko prApta ho gaI hai| ise abhI pUrA ekarUpatA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa hameM RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka par3hA to nahIM jA sakA hai, kintu tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para jJAta 31 veM adhyayana meM mila jAtA hai| isameM pArzva kI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM huA ki isakI mUlagAthAe~ to siMghI jaina granthamAlA ke antargata prakAzita kI carcA hai| isa carcA ke prasaMga meM granthakAra ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha kRti ke samAna hI haiM, kintu TIkA bhinna hai| isakI eka anya phoTo ullekha kiyA hai ki vyAkaraNaprabhRti granthoM meM samAhita isa adhyayana kaoNpI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda kA aisA dUsarA pATha bhI milatA hai| yaha mUlapATha isa prakAra haise bhI prApta huI hai| eka anya praznavyAkaraNa kI sUcanA hameM pATana vAgaraNagaMthAoM pabhiti sAmittaM jJAna bhaNDAra kI sUcI se prApta hotI hai| yaha grantha bhI cUr3AmaNi nAmaka imaM ajjhayaNaM tAva imo bIo pADo dissatira TIkA ke sAtha hai aura TIkA kA granthAMka 2300 zloka parimANa batAyA isakA tAtparya to yaha hai ki RSibhASita kI viSayavastu praznagayA hai| yaha prati bhI kAphI purAnI ho sakatI hai|8 vyAkaraNa meM bhI sAmahita thii| yadyapi yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna hogA ina saba AdhAroM se aisA lagatA hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA ki praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu se RSibhASita kA nirmANa huA yA nimittazAstra se sambandhita saMskaraNa bhI pUrI taraha vilupta nahIM huA RSibhASita kI viSayavastu se praznavyAkaraNa kaa| lekina yaha suspaSTa hogA, apitu use usase alaga karake surakSita kara liyA gayA ho| hai ki kisI samaya praznavyAkaraNa aura RSibhASita kI viSayavastu samAna yadi koI vidvAn ina saba granthoM ko lekara unakI viSayavastu kA thI aura unameM kucha pAThAntara bhI the| ata: vartamAna RSibhASita meM prAcIna samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra evaM dhavalA meM praznavyAkaraNa kI ullikhita viSaya praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA honA nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA sAmagrI ke sAtha milAna kare to yaha patA cala sakegA ki praznavyAkaraNa hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki mUla praznavyAkaraNa meM pArzva nAmaka jo anya grantha upalabdha haiM ve praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa Adi prAcIna arhat RSiyoM ke dArzanika vicAra evaM upadeza ke hI aMza haiM yA anya haiN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki samavAyAMga aura nihita the| nandI ke racanAkAla meM praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka kaI grantha vAcanA-bheda se pracalita hoM aura unameM una sabhI viSayavastu ko samAhita kiyA gayA praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa kI viSayavastu kI AMzika samAnatA ho| isa mAnyatA kA eka AdhAra yaha hai ki RSibhASita, samavAyAMga, 'praznavyAkaraNAkhya jayapAyaDa' nAmaka jisa grantha kA hamane ullekha nandI evaM anuyogadvAra meM vAgaraNagaMthA evaM paNhAvAgaraNAI'-aise bahuvacana- kiyA hai, usakI viSaya-sAmagrI nimittazAstra se sambandhita hai| punaH . prayoga milate haiN| isase aisA lagatA hai ki isa kAla meM vAcanAbheda usameM kartA ne tIsarI gAthA meM 'paNhaM jayapAyaDaM vocchaM' kahakara ke se yA anya rUpa aneka praznavyAkaraNa upasthita rahe hoNge| praznavyAkaraNa aura jayapAyaDa kI samarUpatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| prastuta ina praznavyAkaraNoM kI saMskRta TIkA sahita tAr3apatrIya pratiyA~ grantha kI isI gAthA kI TIkA meM grantha kI viSayavastu ko spaSTa karate milanA isa bAta kA avazya sUcaka hai ki IsA kI 4-5vIM zatI huye kahA gayA hai ki isameM 'naSTamuSTicintAlAbhAlAbhasukhaduHkhajIvanamaraNa' meM ye grantha astitva meM the, kyoMki 9-10vIM zatAbdI meM jaba inakI Adi sambandhI prazna haiN| isa ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki dhavalAkAra TIkAe~ likhI gaIM, to usake pUrva bhI ye grantha apane mUla rUpa meM ne praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai rahe hoNge| usakI isase bahuta kucha samAnatA hai|21 prastuta grantha ke viSayoM meM sambhavataH IsA kI lagabhaga 2-3rI zatAbdI meM praznavyAkaraNa meM muSTivibhAga prakaraNa, naSTikA cakra, saMkhyA pramANa, lAbha prakaraNa, nimittazAstra sambandhI sAmagrI jor3I gaI ho aura phira usameM se RSibhASita astravibhAga prakaraNa Adi aise haiM jinakI viSayavastu samavAyAMga meM kA hissA alaga kiyA gayA aura use viziSTa rUpa se eka nimittazAstra praznavyAkaraNa ke varNita viSayoM ke yatkicit samAna ho sakatI hai| 22
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________________ im yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina Agama evaM sAhitya durbhAgya yaha hai ki prakAzita hote hue bhI vidvAnoM ko isa grantha kI jAnakArI nahIM hai| yaha jaina nimittazAstra kA prAcIna evaM pramukha grantha hai| grantha kI bhASA ko dekhakara sAmAnyatayA yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha IsavI san kI cauthI - pA~cavI zatAbdI kI ho sakatI hai / grantha ke lie prayukta pAyaDa yA pAhuDa zabda se bhI yaha phalita hotA hai ki yaha grantha lagabhaga pA~cavI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI racanA honA cAhie, kyoMki kasAyapAhuDa evaM kundakunda ke pAhuDa anya isI kAlAvadhi ke kucha pUrva kI racanAe~ haiN| sUryaprajJapti meM bhI viSayoM kA vargIkaraNa pAhur3oM ke rUpa meM huA hai| ataH yaha sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai ki jayapAyaDa praznavyAkaraNa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kA koI rUpa ho, yadyapi isa sambandha meM antimarUpa se tabhI kucha kahA jA sakatA hai jaba praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se milane vAlI sabhI racanAe~ hamAre samakSa upasthita hoM aura inakA prAmANika rUpa se adhyayana kiyA jaaye| viSaya sAmagrI meM parivartana kyoM? yadyapi yahA~ yaha prazna svAbhAvikarUpa se uThatA hai ki prathama RSibhASita, AcAryabhASita, mahAvIrabhASita Adi bhAga ko haTAkara usameM nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa rakhanA aura phira nimittazAstra sambandhI vivaraNa haTAkara AsravadvAra aura saMvaradvAra sambandhI vivaraNa rakhanA- yaha saba kyoM huA? sarvaprathama RSibhASita Adi bhAga kyoM haTAyA gayA ? merI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki RSibhASita meM adhikAMzataH ajainaparamparA ke (RSiyoM ke upadeza evaM vicAra saMkalita the- isake paThanapAThana se eka udAra dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa to hotA thA, kintu jainadharmasaMgha ke prati aTUTa zraddhA khaNDita hotI thI tathA pariNAmasvarUpa saMghIya vyavasthA ke lie apekSita dhArmika kaTTaratA aura AsthA Tika nahIM pAtI thii| isase dharmasaMgha ko khatarA thA punaH yaha yuga camatkAroM dvArA logoM ko apane dharmasaMgha ke prati AkarSita karane aura unakI dhArmika zraddhA ko dRr3ha karane kA thA-- cUMki tatkAlIna jaina paramparA ke sAhitya meM isakA abhAva thA, ataH use jor3anA jarUrI thA / samavAyAMga meM praznavyAkaraNa sambandhI jo vivaraNa upalabdha haiM usase bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai-- usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki logoM ko jinapravacana meM sthita karane ke lie, unakI mati ko vismita karane ke lie sarvajJa ke vacanoM meM vizvAsa utpanna karane ke lie isameM-- mahApraznavidyA, mana:praznavidyA, devaprayAga Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki eka ora nimittazAstra ko pApasUtra kahA gayA, kintu saMghahita ke lie dUsarI ora use aMga-Agama meM sammilita kara liyA gayA, kyoMki jaba taka use aMga sAhitya kA bhAga banAkara jinapraNIta nahIM kahA jAtA taba taka logoM kI AsthA usa para Tika nahIM pAtI aura jinapravacana kI atizayatA prakaTa nahIM hotii| ataH praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu meM parivartana karane kA doharA lAbha thA eka ora anyatIrthika RSiyoM ke vacanoM ko usase alaga kiyA jA sakatA thA aura dUsarI ora usameM nimittazAstra sambandhI naI sAmagrI jor3akara usakI prAmANikatA ko bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA thaa| kintu jaba paravartI AcAryoM ne isakA durupayoga hote dekhA hogA aura munivarga ko sAdhanA se virata hokara inhIM naimittika vidyAoM kI upAsanA meM rata dekhA hogA to unhoMne yaha naimittika vidyAoM se yukta vivaraNa usase alaga kara usameM pAMca AsravadvAra aura pAMca saMvaradvAra vAlA vivaraNa rakha diyaa| praznavyAkaraNa ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva evaM jJAnavimala ne bhI viSaya parivartana ke lie yahI tarka svIkAra kiyA hai| 23 praznavyAkaraNa kI prAcIna viSayavastu kaba usase alaga kara dI gaI aura usake sthAna para pA~ca AzravadAra aura pA~ca saMvaradvAra rUpa navIna viSayavastu rakha dI gaI, yaha prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai| abhayadevasUrI ne apanI sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kI TIkA meM bhI yaha spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai ki vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa meM inameM sUcita viSayavastu upalabdha nahIM hai| 20 mAtra vahI nahIM, unhoMne pA~ca AzravadvAra aura pA~ca saMvaradvAra vAle vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa para hI TIkA likhI hai| ataH vartamAna saMskaraNa kI nimnatama sImA abhayadeva ke kAla arthAt IsavI san 1080 se pUrvavartI honA caahie| punaH abhayadeva ne praznavyAkaraNa meM eka zrutaskandha hai yA do zrutaskandha hai isa samasyA ko uThAte hue apanI vRtti kI pUrvapIThikA meM apane se pUrvavartI AcArya kA mata uddhRta kiyA hai-- 'do suyasaMghA paNNattA AsavadArA ya saMvaradArA ya- / ' abhayadeva ne pUrvAcArya kI mAnyatA ko asvIkAra bhI kiyA hai aura yaha bhI kahA hai ki yaha do zrutaskandhoM kI mAnyatA rUr3ha nahIM hai / sambhavataH unhoMne apanA eka zrutaskandha sambandhI mata samavAyAMga aura nandI ke AdhAra para banAyA ho| isakA artha yaha bhI hai ki abhayadeva ke pUrva bhI praznavyAkaraNa ke vartamAna saMskaraNa para prAkRta bhASA meM hI koI vyAkhyA likhI gaI thI, jisameM do zrutaskandha kI mAnyatA ko puSTa kiyA gayA thaa| usakA kAla abhayadeva se 2-3 zatAbdI pUrva arthAt IsA kI 8 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga avazya rahA hogaa| punaH AcArya jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne nandIsUtra para zaka saMvat 598 arthAt IsavI san 676 I0 meM apanI cUrNi samApta kI thii| usa cUrNa meM unhoMne praznavyAkaraNa meM paMcasaMvarAdi kI vyAkhyA hone kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai|" isase bhI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki IsavI san 676 ke pUrva praznavyAkaraNa kA paMcavaradvAroM se yukta saMskaraNa prasAra meM A gayA thA, arthAt AgamoM ke lekhanakAla ke pazcAt lagabhaga sau varSa kI avadhi meM vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa astitva meM avazya A gayA thaa| prastuta praznavyAkaraNa kI prathama gAthA, jisameM 'vocchAmi' kahakara grantha ke kathana kA nizcaya sUcita kiyA gayA hai, kI racanA zeSa sabhI aMga-AgamoM ke prArambhika kathana se bilakula bhinna hai| yaha 5vIM 6ThI zatAbdI meM racita granthoM kI prathama prAkkathana-gAthA ke samAna hI hai| ataH prastuta praznavyAkaraNa racanAkAla IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki vaha praznavyAkaraNa jisameM usakI viSayavastu RSibhASita kI viSayavastu ke samarUpa thI, prAcInatama saMskaraNa hai jo lagabhaga IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI kI racanA hogii| phira IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM usameM nimittazAstra sambandhI Gambian 903 Jarmonar
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya vivaraNa jur3e jinakI sUcanA usake sthAnAMga ke vivaraNa se milatI taka praznavyAkaraNa ke uparyukta do prAcIna lupta saMskaraNoM kI hai| isake pazcAt IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM RSibhASita Adi bhAga viSayavastu kA prazna hai, usameM se prathama saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu alaga kiye gaye aura use nimittazAstra kA grantha banA diyA, samavAyAMga adhikAMza rUpa se evaM kucha parivartanoM ke sAtha vartamAna meM upalabdha kA vivaraNa isakA sAkSI hai| isa kAla meM praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se RSibhASita (isimAsiyAI), uttarAdhyayana, sUtrakRtAMga evaM jJAtAdharmakathA vAcanAbheda se aneka grantha astitva meM the aisI bhI sUcanA hameM Agama- meM samAhita hai| dvitIya nimittazAstra sambandhI saMskaraNa kI viSayavastu, sAhitya se mila jAtI hai| lagabhaga IsA kI 6 vI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha jayapAyaDa aura praznavyAkaraNa ke nAma se upalabdha anya nimittazAstroM meM ina granthoM ke sthAna para vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kA AzrRMva evaM ke granthoM meM ho sakatI hai| yadyapi isa sambandha meM vizeSarUpa se saMvara ke vivecana se yukta vaha saMskaraNa astitva meM AyA hai jo vartamAna zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| AzA hai vidvadjana isa dizA meM dhyAna meM hameM upalabdha hai| yaha praznavyAkaraNa kA antima saMskaraNa jahA~ deNge| sandarbha paNhAvAgaraNesu adbhuttaraM pasiNasayaM adbhuttaraM apasiNasaya aThThattaraM bAhupasiNAI addAgapasiNAI, anevi vicittA vijjAisayA, nAga-suvaNNehiM pasiNApasiNasayaM vijjAisayA nAga-subannehiM saddhiM divca saMvAyA saddhiM divyA saMvAyA aaghvijjnti| aadhvijjti| -samavAyAMgasUtra, 546 / paNhAvAgaraNANaM parittA vAyaNA, saMkhejjA aNuogadArA, saMkhejjA vAgaraNagaMthAo pabhiti............! isibhaasiyaaii-31| veDhA, saMkhejjA silogA, saMkhejjAo nijjatIo, saMkhejjAo, paNhAvAgaraNadasANaM dasa ajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahA-uvamA, saMkha, saMgahaNIo, saMkhejjAo pddivttiio| isibhAsiyAI, AyariyabhAsiyAI, mahAvIrabhAsiyAI, khomagapasiNaiM, se NaM aMgaThThayAe dasame aMge, ege suyakkhaMghe, paNayAlIsaM ajjhayaNA, komalapasiNAI, addAgapasiNAI, aMguTThapasiNAI, baahupsinnaaii| ---- paNayAlIsaM uddesaNakAlA, paNayAlIsaM samuddesaNakAlA, saMkhejjAI sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/116 payasahassAI payaggeNaM, saMkhejjA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA, aNaMtA se kiM taM paNhAvAgaraNANi? paNhAvAgaraNesu attaraM pasiNasayaM pajjavA, parittA tasA, aNantA thAvarA, sAsayakaDanibaddhanikAiyA aTThattaraM apasiNasayaM, adruttaraM siNApasiNasayaM vijjAisayA nAga-suvanehi jiNapaNNattA bhAvA Aghavijjanti, paNNavijjanti, parUvijjanti, saddhiM divcA saMvAyA aaghvijjNti| daMsijjanti, nidaMsijjanti, uvadaMsijjanti / paNhAvAgaraNadasAsu NaM sasamaya-parasamaya paNNavaya-patteabuddha- se evaM AyA, evaM nAyA evaM viNNAyA, evaM caraNakaraNaparUvaNA vivihatthabhAsA-bhAsiyANaM aisayaguNa-uvasama-NANappagAra AdhavijjaI, sattaM pnnhaavaagrnnaaii| -nndiisuutr,54| AyariyabhAsiyANaM vitthareNaM, vIramahesIhiM vivihavittharabhAsiyANaM ca AkSepavikSepaiheMtunayAzritAnAM praznAnAM vyAkaraNaM praznavyAkaraNam, jagahiyANaM addAgaMguTTha-bAhu-asi-maNi-khoma-AiccabhAsiyANaM tasmillaukikavaidikAnAmarthAnAM nirnnyH| - tatvArthavArtika, 1/20 vivihamahApasiNavijjA-maNapasiNavijjA-devayapayoga-pahANa-guNappagAsiyANaM (pR0 73-74) / sabbhUyaduguNappabhAva-naragaNamaivimhayakarANaM aisayamaIyakAlasamaya akkhevaNI vikkhevaNI -saMveyaNI NivveyaNI cedi cauvihAo dama-sama-titthakaruttamassa ThiikaraNakAraNANaM durahigama-duravagAhassa kahAo vaNNedi tattha akkhevaNI nAma chaddavva-Nava payatthANaM sarUvaM savvasanatrusammaassa abuha-jaNa-vibohaNakarassa paccakkhayapaccayakarANaM digaMtarasamayAMtara-NirAkaraNaM muddhiM kareMtI pruuvedi| paNhANaM vivihaguNamahatyA jiNavarappaNIyA aaghvijjti| vivakhevaNI NAma parasamaeNa sasamayaM dUsaMtI pacchA digaMtarasuddhiM karatI paNhAvAgaraNesu NaM parittA vAyaNA, saMkhejjA aNuogadArA, saMkhejjAo sasamayaM thAvaMtI chaddavvA-Navapayatthe pruuvedi| paDivattIo, saMkhejjA veDhA, saMkhejjA silogA, saMkhejjAo saMveyaNI NAma punnnnphlsNkhaa| kANi puNNaphalANi? tityayaranijjuttIo, saMkhejjAo sNghnniio| gnnhr-risi-ckkvtttti-bldev-sur-vijjaahrriddhiio| seNaM aMgaTThayAe dasame aMge, ege suyakkhaMdhe, paNayAlIsaM uddesaNakAlA, NivveyaNI NAma paavphlsNkhaa| kANi pAvaphalANi? Niraya-tiriyapaNayAlIsaM samuddesaNakAlA, saMkhejjANi payasapasahassANi payaggeNaM kumANusajoNIsu jAi-jarA-maraNa-vAhi-veyaNA- daaliddaadiinni| pnnnnttaaii| saMkhejjA akkharA, aNaMtA gamA, aNaMtA pajjavA, parittA saMsArasarIrabhogesu veragguppAhaNI nnivveynniinnaa........| tasA, aNaMtA thAvarA, sAsayA kaDA NibaddhA NikAiyA jiNapaNNattA bhAvA Aghavijjati paNNavijjaMti parUvijjati nidaMsiati uvdNsijjNti| paNhAo hada-naTTha-muTThi-ciMtA-lAhAlAha-suha-dukkha-jIviya- maraNase evaM AyA, se evaM NAyA, evaM viNNAyA, evaM caraNa-karaNaparUvaNayA jaya-parAjaya-NAma-davvAsu-saMkhaM ca pruuvedi| aaghvijjti| se taM pAhAvAgaraNAI 101 --dhavalA, pustaka 1, bhAga1, pR0 107-8 / -samavAyAMgasUtra, 546-549 / 8. vAgaraNagaMthAo pabhiti jAva sAmittaM imaM ajjhayaNaM tAva imo bIo 5. se kiM taM paNhAvAgaraNAI? paNhAvAgaraNesu NaM-aTThattaraM pasiNasayaM, pADho dissati, taMjahA: adbhuttaraM apasiNasayaM. adruttara pasiNApaNisayaM, taMjahA-aMguTThapasiNAI, - isibhAsiyAI, adhyAya 31 / twitamindaridrianitarianoramidstimonitor- 203 -dramaroharirikardiotaridroriandorkaritoriarokaran 7.
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________________ - yatIndrasUrismArakagrantha- jaina Agama evaM sAhitya navavihe pAvasuyapasaMge paNNate, taM jahA 19. isibhAsiyAI (zubriga) adhyAya 31, pR069 uppAe, nemittae, matte, Aikkhae, tigicchiie| 20. mahamAhapyuppAyaM, bhuvaNamaMtarapavaMta (vatta) vaavaar|| kalAvaraNa-annANe, micchaapaavynnttiy|| - sthAnoMga, sthAna 9 aisayapuNNa NANaM, paNhaM jayapAyaDaM bocchN|| 10. patteyabuddhamisiNo bIsaM titthe aritthtthnnemiss| -praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstram 3 / pAsassa ya paNNarasa vIrassa viliinnmohss|| 21. nssttmusstticintaa-laabhaalaabh-sukh-duHkh-jiivit-mrnnaabhivyjNktvm| - isibhAsiyAI, paDhamA saMgrahaNI, gAthA, 1 -praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittazAstram, ttiikaa| 11. coyalIsaM ajjhayaNA isibhAsiyA diyalogacyA bhAsiyA pnnttaa| tulanIya- paNhAdo hada-naTTha-puTThi-ciMtA-lAhAlAhasuha-dukkha-jIviya -samavAyAMgasUtra, 44/258 maraNa-jatha-NAma-davvAyu-saMkhaM ca pruuvedi| 12. aMgaTThAe dasame aMge, ege suakhaMdhe, paNayAlIsaM ajjhynnaa| -dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 107-8 _nndiistr-54| 22. praznavyAkaraNAkhyaM jayapAhuDanAma nimittshaastrm| - prakaraNa 14, 13. (ka) padaggaM bANautiMlakkhA solasa ya shssaa| 17, 21,38 -nandIcarNi. p070| 23. (a) atizayAnAM pUrvAcAradaMyugInAnAmapuSTAlambanapratiSeviparuSApekSa(kha) dvinavatilakSANi SoDaza ca shsraanni| yotaarittvaaditi| - praznavyAkaraNavRtti (abhayadeva) praarmbh| - samavAyAMgavRtti (ba) pUrvAcAyairadaMyugInapuruSANAM tathAvidhahInahInatarapANDityabalabuddhivIyapikSayA 14. paNhavAyaraNo NAma aMga tennudilkkh-solsshsspdehi| puSTAlambanamuddizya praznAdividhAsthAne paMcAzrava-saMvararUpaM smuttaaritm| -praznavyAkaraNa TIkA (jJAnavimala), praarmbh| -dhavalA, bhAga 1, pR0 104 / / 24. (a) praznAnAM vidyAvizeSANAM yAni vyAkaraNAni teSAM pratipAdanaparA 15. samavAyAMga, 547 dazA dazAdhyayanapratibaddhAH granthapaddhataya iti prshnvyaakrnndshaaH| ayaM 16. samavAyAMga, 547 ca vyutpattyartho'sya puurvkaalebhuut| idAnIM tvAzravapaMcakasaMvarApaMcakavyA17. praznavyAkaraNa, jayaprAbhRta, (grantha0 228), jaina- granthAvalI, kRterevehoplbhyte| - praznavyAkaraNa vRtti (abhayadeva) praarmbh| pR0355| (ba) praznAH aMguSThAdipraznavidyA vyAkriyante abhidhIyante asmitriti (a) cUDAmaNivRtti (grantha 2300), pATana keTaloga, bhAga 1, pR0 8 praznavyAkaraNam etAdRzaM puurvkaale'bhuut| idAnIM tu Azrava-saMvara(ba) lIlAvatI TIkA, pATana keTaloga, bhAga 1, pR08 evaM inTroDakzana, paMcakavyAkRtireva lbhyte| -praznavyAkaraNa TIkA (jJAnavimala) praarmbh| (sa) pradarzanajyotirvRtti, pATana keTaloga, bhAga 1, pR0 8 evaM 25. zakarAjJo paMcasu varSazateSu vyatikrAnteSu aSTanavateSu naMdyadhyayanacUrNI inTroDakzana, pR06| smaaptaa|| bRhadvRttiTippaNikA (jaina-sAhitya-saMzodhaka, pUnA 19:5, kramAMka -nandIcUrNi (praakRt-ttekstt-sosaayttii)| 560), jaina-granthAvalI, pR0 355 / pAThAntara-sakarAkrAnteSu paMcasu varSazateSu nandhadhyayanacUNI smaaptaa|| -jinaratnakoza, pR0 274 -nandIcUrNi (RSabhadeva kezarImala, rtlaam)| 18. jinaratnakoza, pR0 274 / 26. tamhi pAhAvAgaraNe aMge paMcAsavadArAI vA vyAkhyeyAH parappavAdiNo y| -NaMdIsuttacUNNi, pR069|| droidoindidroidroidroid-ad-ordediodidroidroinsaardd- 204 -6browstoriedroomsdodaridroidroidiariramdar