Pramanya Swata ya Parata

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229018/1

Page #1
prAmANya-svataH yA parataH darzanazAstroMmeM prAmANya aura aprAmANyake 'svataH' 'parataH' kI cacoM bahuta prasiddha hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se jAna par3atA hai ki isa carcAkA mUla vedoMke prAmA. eya mAnane na mAnanevAle do pakSoMmeM hai| jaba jaina, bauddha zrAdi vidvAnoMne vedake prAmANyakA virodha kiyA taba vedaprAmANyavAdI nyAya-vaizeSika-mImAMsaka vidvAnoMne vedoMke prAmANyakA samarthana karanA zurU kiyA / prArambhameM yaha carcA 'zabda' pramANa taka hI parimita rahI jAna par3atI hai para eka bAra usake tArkika pradeza meM zrAne para phira vaha vyApaka bana gaI aura sarva jJAnake viSayameM prAmANya kiMvA aprAmANyake 'svata:' 'paratA'kA vicAra zurU ho gyaa| isa carcAmeM pahile mukhyatayA do pakSa par3a ge| eka to veda-aprAmANya vAdI jaina-bauddha aura dUsarA vedaprAmANyavAdI naiyAyika, mImAMsaka Adi / vedaprAmANyavAdiyoMmeM bhI usakA samarthana bhinna-bhinna rItise zurU huzrA / IzvaravAdI nyAya-vaizeSika darzanane vedakA prAmANya Izvaramulaka sthApita kiyaa| jaba usameM vedaprAmANya parataH sthApita kiyA gayA taba bAkIke pratyakSa Adi saba pramANoMkA prAmANya bhI 'parataH' hI siddha kiyA gayA aura samAna yuktise usameM aprAmANyako bhI 'parataH' hI nizcita kiyA / isa taraha prAmANya-aprAmANya donoM parataH hI nyAya-vaizeSika sammata hue / 1. 'zrautpattikastu zabdasyArthena sambandhastasya jJAnamupadezo'vyatirekazcA. the'nupalabdhe tat pramANaM bAdarAyaNasyAnapekSasvAt' jaimi. sU0 1. 1. 5. 'tasmAt tat pramANam anapekSatvAt / na hyevaM sati pratyayAntaramapekSitavyam , puruSAntaraM vApi; svayaM pratyayo sau|' -zAbarabhA0 1. 1.5. bRhatI0 1. 1, 5. 'sarvavijJAna viSayamidaM tAvatpratIkSyatAm / pramANatvApramANatve svataH kiM parato'thavA // ' -zlokavA0 coda0 zlo0 33. 2. 'pramANato'rthapratipattau pravRttisAmarthyAdarthavat pramANam' -nyAyabhA0 pR0 1 / tAtparya0 1. 1.1 / ki vijJAnAnAM prAmANyamaprAmANyaM ceti dvayamapi svataH, uta ubhayamapi parataH , AhosvidaprAmANyaM svataH prAmANyaM tu parataH, utasvit prAmANyaM svataH aprAmANyaM tu parata iti / tatra parata

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123 mImAMsaka IzvaravAdI na honese vaha tanmUlaka prAmANya to vedameM kaha hI nahIM saphatA thA / ataeva usane vedaprAmANya 'svataH' mAna liyA aura usake samarthanake vAste pratyakSa zrAdi sabhI jJAnoMkA prAmANya 'svataH' hI sthApita kiyaa| para usane aprAmANya ko to 'parataH' hI mAnA hai| yadyapi isa carcAmeM sAMkhyadarzanakA kyA mantavya hai isakA koI ullekha usake upalabdha granthoM meM nahIM milatA; phira bhI kumArila, zAntarakSita aura mAdhavAcAryake kathanoMse jAna par3atA hai ki sAMkhyadarzana prAmANya-aprAmANya donoMko 'svataH' hI mAnanevAlA rahA hai| zAyada usakA tadviSayaka prAcIna-sAhitya naSTaprAya huzrA ho / ukta zrAcAryoM ke granthoMmeM hI eka aise pakSakA bhI nirdeza hai jo ThIka mImAMsakase ulaTA hai arthAt vaha aprAmANyako 'svataH' hI aura prAmANyako 'parataH' hI mAnatA hai| sarvadarzana-saMgrahameM-saugatAzcaramaM svataH (sarvada0 pR0 276 ) isa pakSako bauddhapakSa rUpase varNita kiyA hai sahI, para takhasaMgrahameM jo bauddha pakSa hai vaha bilakula judA hai| sambhava hai sarvadarzamasaMgrahanirdiSTa bauddhapakSa kisI anya bauddha vizeSakA rahA ho / _zAntarakSitane apane bauddha mantavyako spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki 1--- prAmANya-zraprAmANya ubhaya 'svataH', 2-ubhaya 'parataH', 3-donoMmeMse prAmANya svataH aura aprAmANya parataH tathA 4-aprAmANya svataH, prAmANya parataH ina cAra pakSoM meM se koI bhI bauddha pakSa nahIM hai kyoMki ve cAroM pakSa niyamavAle haiN| bauddhapakSa aniyamavAdI hai arthAt prAmANya ho yA aprAmANya donoMmeM koI eva vedasya prAmANya miti vakSyAmaH / ................sthitametadarthakriyAjJAnAt prAmANyanizcaya iti / tadidamuktam / pramANato'rthapratipattau pravRttisAma *darthavat pramANamiti / tasmAdaprAmANyamapi parokSamityato dvayamapi parata ityeSa eSa pakSaH zreyAn / nyAyama0 pR0 160-174 / kandalI pR. 217-220 / 'pramAyAH paratantrasvAt sargapralayasambhavAt / tadanyasminnanAzvAsAna vidhAntara sambhavaH // ' nyAyaku0 2. 1za tattvaci. pratyakSa. pR. 183-233 / 1. 'svataH sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyamiti gamyatAm / na hi svato'satI zaktiH kartumanyena zakyate / / ' -zlokavA. sU. 2. zlo. 47 / 2. zlokavA. sU. 3. zlo0 85 / 3. 'kecidAhuyaM svtH|' - zlokavA0 sU0 2. zlo0 343 tatvasaM. 5. kA. 2811. 'pramANatvApramANave svataH sAMkhyAH smaabhitaaH|' -sarvada. jaimi0 pU0 276 /

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124 'svataH' to koI 'parata:' aniyamase hai / abhyAsadazAmeM to 'svataH' samajhanA cAhie cAhe prAmANya ho yA aprAmANya / para anabhyAsa dazAmeM 'parataH' samajhanA caahie| jainaparamparA ThIka zAntaradi takathita bauddhapakSake samAna hI hai| vaha prAmANyaaprAmANya donoMko abhyAsadazAmeM 'svataH' aura anabhyAsadazAmeM 'parataH' mAnatI hai / yaha mantavya pramANanayatattvAlokake sUtrameM hI spaSTatayA nirdiSTa hai / yadyapi prA0 hemacandra ne apane sUtra meM prAmANya-aprAmANya donoMkA nirdezana karake parIkSAmukhakI taraha kevala prAmANyake svataH-parataHkA hI nirdeza kiyA hai tathApi devasUrikA sUtra pUrNatayA jaina paramparAkA dyotaka hai| jaise- 'tatprAmANyaM svataH paratazceti / ' --parI0 1. 13. | 'tadubhayamutpatto parata eva zaptau tu svataH paratazceti' -pramANana0 1. 21 / isa svataH-parataHkI carcA kramazaH yahA~ taka vikasita huI hai. ki isameM utpatti, zasi aura pravRtti tInoMko lekara svataH-parataHkA vicAra bar3e vistArase sabhI darzanoMmeM aA gayA hai aura yaha vicAra pratyeka darzanakI anivArtha carcAkA viSaya bana gayA hai| aura isapara pariSkArapUrNa tatvacintAmaNi, gAdAdharaprAmAeyavAda Adi jaise jaTila grantha bana gaye haiN| I. 1636] [pramANa mImAMsA 1. 'nahi bauddhareSAM catumikatamo'pi pakSo'bhISTo'niyamapakSasyeSTatvAt / tathAhi-ubhayamapyetat kiJcit svataH kiJcit parataH iti pUrvamupavarNitam / ata evaM pakSacatuSTayopanyAso'pyaMyuktaH / paJcamasyApyaniyamapakSasya sambhavAt / ' tasvasaM0 50 kA0 3123 / 2. prameyaka0 pR. 146 se /