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________________ prAkRta vidyA meM pro0 TA~TiyAjI ke nAma se prakAzita unake vyAkhyAna ke vicArabinduoM kI samIkSA __ DaoN0 sudIpajI ne prAkRtavidhA, julAI-sitambara 1996 meM DaoN0 TA~TiyAjI ke vyAkhyAna meM ubhara kara Aye 14 vicArabinduoM ko avikala rUpa se prastuta karane kA dAvA kiyA hai|yhaaN unakI samIkSA karanA isalie apekSita hai ki unake nAma para prasArita bhrAntiyoM kA nirasana ho ske| nIce hama kramaza: eka-eka bindu kI samIkSA kreNge| 1. "prAcInakAla meM zaurasenI akhila bhAratIya bhASA thI?" prathama to uttara aura dakSiNa ke kucha digambara vidvAnoM dvArA zaurasenI ke grantha likhe jAne se athavA katipaya nATakoM meM mAgadhI Adi anya prAkRtoM ke sAtha-sAtha zaurasenI ke prayoga hone se yaha siddha nahIM ho jAtA ki zaurasenI akhila bhAratIya bhASA thii| yadi ina tarkoM ke AdhAra para eka bAra hama yaha mAna bhI leM ki zaurasenI akhila bhAratIya bhASA thI, to kyA isase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki mAgadhI yA mahArASTrI prAkRta akhila bhAratIya bhASAe~ nahIM thI? prAcIna kAla meM to mAgadhI hI akhila bhAratIya bhASA thii| yadi zaurasenI akhila bhAratIya bhASA banI, to vaha bhI mAgadhI ke pazcAt hI banI hai, kyoMki azoka ke sampUrNa abhilekha mukhyata: mAgadhI meM hI haiN| yaha satya hai ki una para tad-tad pradezoM kI lokaboliyoM kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai, phira bhI usase mAgadhI ke akhila bhAratIya bhASA hone meM koI kamI nahIM aatii| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki mauryakAla aura usake pazcAt jaba taka sattA kA kendra pATaliputra banA rahA, taba taka mAgadhI hI akhila bhAratIya bhASA rahI, kyoMki vaha bhAratIya sAmrAjya kI rAjabhASA thii| jaba bhArata meM kuSANa aura zakakAla meM sattA kA kendra pATaliputra se haTakara mathurA banA, tabhI zaurasenI ko rAjabhASA hone kA pada milaa| yadyapi yaha bhI sandehAspada hI hai, kyoMki IsA pU0 prathama zatI se IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka mathurA meM jo bhI abhilekha milate haiM, ve bhI mAgadhI se prabhAvita hI haiN| Aja taka bhArata meM zuddha zaurasenI meM eka bhI abhilekha *. vartamAna meM TA~TiyAjI kA svargavAsa ho jAne para yaha unake nAma se prasArita ina bhrAntiyoM kA nirasana aura bhI Avazyaka ho gayA hai|
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________________ 38 upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| ata: kevala digambara AcAryoM dvArA zaurasenI meM grantha race jAne se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki vaha akhila bhAratIya bhASA thii| kyA digambara-paramparA ke dhArmika sAhitya ke atirikta koI eka bhI grantha aisA hai, jo pUrI taraha zaurasenI meM likhA gayA ho, jabaki ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta meM zvetAmbara dhArmika sAhitya ke atirikta bhI aneka grantha likhe gaye, ata:mAgadhI evaM mahArASTrI prAkRta ko bhI usI rUpa meM akhila bhAratIya bhASA mAnanA hogaa| 2. "zaurasenI prAkRta sabase adhika sauSThava va lAlitya pUrNa siddha huii|" yaha ThIka hai ki saMskRta kI apekSA prAkRta bhASAoM meM lAlitya aura mAdhurya hai; kintu usa lAlitya aura mAdhurya kA saccA AsvAda to 'ya' zruti pradhAna mahArASTrI prAkRta meM hI milatA hai| kevala nATakoM ke kucha aMza chor3akara kyA zaurasenI meM nibaddha eka bhI lAlityapUrNa sAhityika kRti hai? isakI apekSA to mahArASTrI prAkRta meM 'gAthAsaptazatI', 'vasudevahiNDI', 'paumacariyaM', 'vajjAlaggaM', 'samarAiccakahA', 'dhUrtAkhyAna' Adi anekoM sAhityika kRtiyA~ haiM, ata: yaha mAnanA hogA ki zaurasenI kI apekSA bhI mahArASTrI adhika lAlityapUrNa bhASA hai| kyA uparokta mahArASTrI ke granthoM kI koTi kA zaurasenI meM eka bhI grantha hai? punaH jahA~ zaurasenI meM nATakoM ke kucha aMzoM ke atirikta mukhyata: dhArmika sAhitya hI racA gayA, vahA~ mahArASTrI prAkRta meM aneka vidhAoM ke grantha race gaye aura na kevala jainoM ne, apitu jainetara logoM ne bhI mahArASTrI prAkRta meM grantha likhe haiN| jahA~ taka mAdhurya kA prazna hai 'da'kAra-pradhAna aura aghoSa ke ghoSa prayoga hodi, Adi ke kAraNa zaurasenI meM vaha mAdhurya nahIM hai, jo madhyavartI kaThora vyaJjanoM ke lopa, 'ya' zrutipradhAna madhura vyaJjanoM se yukta mahArASTrI meM hai| zaurasenI aura paizAcI to 'saMskRta kI apekSA adhika madhura nahIM haiM, jo mAdhurya mahArASTrI meM hai vaha saMskRta aura anya prAkRtoM meM nahIM hai| mahArASTrI meM lopa kI pravRtti adhika hone se mukhasaukarya bhI adhika hai| zaurasenI prAkRta kA gaurava karanA acchI bAta hai, lekina use hI adhika sauSThavapUrNa mAnakara dUsarI prAkRtoM ko usase nIcA mAnane kI vRtti satyAnveSI vidvat puruSoM ko zobhA nahIM detI hai| 3. "bahuta sArI acchI bAteM ardhamAgadhI meM nahIM haiM, jabaki zaurasenI meM surakSita haiM, aneka bAtoM kA spaSTIkaraNa Aja zaurasenI ke 'SaTkhaNDAgama' aura 'dhavalA' se hI karanA par3atA hai|" yaha satya hai ki jaina karma-siddhAnta kI aneka sakSma vivecanAe~ 'SaTakhaNDAgama' evaM usakI 'dhavalA TIkA' meM surakSita hai; kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM acchI bAteM nahIM haiN| zaurasenI Agama-sAhitya kI apekSA ardhamAgadhI
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________________ 39 Agama sAhitya parimANa meM pA~ca gune se adhika hai aura usameM bhI aneka acchI bAteM nihita haiN| sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI kA sAhitya to zaurasenI sAhitya kI apekSA dasa gune se bhI adhika hogaa| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM 'AcArAGga' kA eka-eka sUkta aisA hai, jo bindu meM sindhu ko samAhita karatA hai, kyA usake samakakSa kA koI grantha zaurasenI meM hai ? Aja 'AcArAGga' hI ekamAtra aisA grantha hai jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mUlavacana surakSita haiN| yaha satya hai ki samayasAra Atma-anAtma viveka kA aura 'SaTkhaNDAgama' tathA usakI 'dhavalA TIkA' karma - siddhAnta kA gambhIra vivecana prastuta karatI haiM; kintu hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki ardhamAgadhI Agama meM surakSita jinavacanoM ke AdhAra para hI digambara vidvAnoM ne ina siddhAntoM kA vikAsa kiyA hai aura ve usase paravartI haiN| punaH yadi jaina AcAra- darzana evaM saMskRti ke vikAsa ke itihAsa ko samajhanA hai to hameM ardhamAgadhI sAhitya kA hI sahArA lenA hogaa| ve una nIMva ke pattharoM ke samAna haiM, jina para jaina darzana evaM saMskRti kA mahala khar3A huA hai| nIMva kI upekSA karake mAtra zikhara ko dekhane se hama jainadharma aura siddhAntoM ke vikAsa ke itihAsa ko nahIM samajha sakate haiN| punaH ardhamAgadhI sAhitya meM bhI 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' jaise gambhIra dArzanika carcA karane vAle aneka grantha haiN| punaH 'bRhatkalpabhASa', 'vyavahArabhASya' aura 'nizIthabhASya' jaise jaina AcAra ke utsarga evaM apavAda mArga kI talasparzI vivecanA karane vAle tathA usake vikAsa krama ko spaSTa karane vAle kitane grantha zaurasenI meM haiM ? jisa dhavalA TIkA kA itanA guNagAna kiyA jArahA hai, kyA usakI bhI ina granthoM se koI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai ? puna: yaha bhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki zaurasenI meM nibaddha 'kasAyapAhuDa' evaM 'SaSTkhaNDAgama' bhI 'bhagavatIsUtra', 'prajJApanA', 'jIvasamAsa' Adi ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA hI vikasita evaM pariSkArita rUpa hai, kyoMki ye grantha unase pUrvavartI haiN| isI prakAra 'dhavalA TIkA', jo dasavIM zatI kI racanA hai, vaha bhI niryuktiyoM, bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM se aprabhAvita nahIM hai / punaH bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM meM bahuta-sI aisI bAteM haiM, jo zaurasenI sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| 'mUlAcAra' aura 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' jaise zaurasenI ke grantharatna to 'AturapratyAkhyAna', 'mahApratyAkhyAna', 'maraNavibhakti', 'Avazyaka niryukti' Adi ke AdhAra para hI nirmita haiM aura unakI saikar3oM gAthAe~ bhASika parivartana ke sAtha inameM upalabdha haiN| ataH ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ke granthoM meM zaurasenI kI apekSA aneka gunI adhika acchI bAteM haiM aura unake abhAva meM jainadharma, darzana, saMskRti aura AcAra ke samyak itihAsa ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| 4-5. " lADanUM kA hamArA sArA parivAra kahatA hai ki zaurasenI ko jAne binA hama ardhamAgadhI ko nahIM jAna sakate; donoM bhASAoM kA jJAna paraspara eka dUsare para nirbhara hai ataH hameM (digambara, zvetAmbara) mila-jula kara kAma karanA caahie| "
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________________ 40 yaha satya hai ki kisI bhI prAcIna bhASA aura usake sAhitya ke talasparzI jJAna ke liye unakI samasAmayika bhASAoM tathA unake sAhitya aura paramparAoM kA jJAna apekSita hai aura isa dRSTi se AdaraNIya TaoNTiyAjI kA yaha kathana ki hamArA lADanUM kA sArA parivAra yaha kahatA hai ki zaurasenI ko jAne binA hama ardhamAgadhI ko nahIM jAna sakate, vaha ucita hI hai; kintu zaurasenI AgamoM para AdhArita digambara- paramparA ko bhI yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki ve bhI ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA samyak adhyayana kiye binA zaurasenI AgamoM ke mUla hArda ko nahIM samajha sakate haiN| 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke prathama khaNDa ke 93 veM sUtra meM 'saMjada' pada kI upasthiti ko samyak prakAra se samajhane ke liye yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki 'SaTkhaNDAgama' mUlataH usa yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai, jo ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura unameM pratipAdita strI-mukti ko mAnatI thii| 'mUlAcAra' meM 'pajjusaNAkappa' kA sahI artha kyA hai ? ise zvetAmbara AgamoM ke jJAna ke abhAva meM vasunandI jaise samartha digambara TIkAkAra bhI nahIM samajha sake haiN| isI prakAra 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' ke 'ThavaNAyariyo' zabda kA artha paM0 kailAzacandrajI jaise digambara- paramparA ke udbhaTa vidvAn bhI nahIM samajha sake aura use aspaSTa kaha kara chor3a diyA, kyoMki ve zvetAmbara AgamoM evaM paramparA se gaharAI se paricita nahIM the, jabaki ardhamAgadhI sAhitya kA sAmAnya adhyetA bhI 'paryuSaNAkalpa' aura 'sthApanAcArya' ke tAtparya se suparicita hotA hai| isI prakAra 'samayasAra' ke 'apadesasuttamajjhaM' kA sahI artha samajhanA ho yA 'niyamasAra' ke AtmA ke vivaraNa ko samajhanA ho to AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA adhyayana karanA hogaa| ataH prAcIna evaM samasAmayika bhASAoM ke sAhitya aura paramparA kA jJAna sabhI ke liye apekSita hai| yaha bAta kevala jainadharma ke donoM sampradAyoM taka hI sImita nahIM hai, apitu anya bhAratIya paramparAoM ke sandarbha meM bhI samajhanI caahie| maiM spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnatA hU~ ki bauddha pAli 'tripiTaka' ke adhyayana ke binA jaina AgamoM kA aura jaina AgamoM ke binA 'tripiTaka' kA adhyayana pUrNa nahIM hotA hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM aneka zabda aise haiM, jinake sahI artha eka dUsare ke jJAna ke binA samyakrUpa se nahIM samajhe jA sakate hai| arhat zabda ke arahata, arahaMta, arihaMta, aruhaMta Adi zabda-rUpa pAli aura ardhamAgadhI meM na kevala samAna hai apitu unakI vyutpattiparaka vyAkhyAe~ bhI donoM paramparA meM samAna haiN| Aja bhI jisaprakAra 'AcArAGga' aura 'isibhAsiyAI' jaise ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko samajhane ke liye bauddha aura aupaniSadika paramparAoM kA adhyayana apekSita hai vaise hI SaTkhaNDAgama ko samajhane ke liye zvetAmbara Agama grantha- 'prajJApanA', 'paJcasaMgraha' - jisameM 'kasAyapAhuDa' bhI samAhita hai, aura zvetAmbara karma granthoM kA adhyayana apekSita hai| yadi AcArya kundakunda ke 'samayasAra' ko samajhanA hai to bauddhoM kI 'mAdhyamikakArikA' athavA hinduoM kI mANDUkyakArikA ko par3hanA Avazyaka hai| dUsarI paramparA ke granthoM ke adhyayana kA DaoN0 TaoNTiyAjI kA acchA sujhAva hai; kintu yaha kisI
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________________ 41 eka paramparA ke liye nahIM, apitu donoM ke liye Avazyaka hai| zvetAmbara vidvAn to zaurasenI sAhitya kA adhyayana bhI karate haiM; kintu adhikAMza digambara vidvAn Aja bhI ardhamAgadhI sAhitya se prAya: aparicita haiN| ata: unheM hI isa sujhAva kI ora vizeSa dhyAna denA caahie| 6. "AcArya kundakunda aura amRtacanda ke barAbara kA koI dArzanika Aja taka huA hI nahIM haiN|" yaha satya hai ki AcArya kundakunda aura amRtacandra jainadarzana meM Atma-anAtma viveka ko tArkika rUpa se prastuta karane vAle zikhara puruSa haiN| unakI prajJA nizcaya hI vandanIya hai| jaina adhyAtmavidyA ke kSetra meM unakA jo mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai use kabhI bhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA hai; kintu isakA artha yaha bhI nahIM hai ki zvetAmbara-paramparA meM hue dArzanikoM aura cintakoM kA avadAna unakI apekSA kama mahattvapUrNa hai| anekAnta kI darzana jagat meM tArkika DhaMga se sthApanA ke kSetra meM siddhasena divAkara kA, samadarzI dArzanika ke rUpa meM AcArya haribhadra kA aura sAhitya sraSTA ke rUpa meM hemacandrAcArya kA jo avadAna hai, use bhI kama nahIM AMkA jA sakatA hai| inake atirikta bhI mallavAdI, jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa, saMghadAsagaNi, yazovijayajI, AnandaghanajI Adi aneka zIrSastha dArzanika aura AdhyAtmika satpuruSa zvetAmbara-paramparA meM bhI hue haiN| darzana-jagat meM inakA mahattva aura mUlya kama nahIM hai| jisa prakAra amRtacandra ko amRtacandra banAne meM kundakunda kA sabase bar3A yogadAna hai, usI prakAra kundakunda ko kundakunda banAne meM bhI siddhasena divAkara aura nAgArjuna jaise jaina evaM bauddha dArzanikoM kA mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai| digambara vidvAnoM ko ise bhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki digambara samAja ko kundakunda aura amRtacandra kI pratibhA se paricita karavAne vAle banArasIdAsa, bhaiyyA bhagavatIdAsa aura kAnajIsvAmI mUlataH zvetAmbara-paramparA meM hI janme the| kundakunda aura amRtacandra ko digambara-paramparA meM susthApita karane vAle zvetAmbara kulodbhUta ina adhyAtmarasikoM kA RNa bhI digambara-paramparA ko svIkAra karanA caahie| 7. "zvetAmbaroM ke samasta AcAryoM kA nicor3a 'dhavalA' grantha meM mila jAtA hai isake jaisA koI grantha hai hI nhiiN|" - bhAI sudIpajI, DaoN0 TA~TiyAjI ke isa kathana kA sIdhA tAtparya to yaha hai ki yadi 'dhavalA' meM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ke vicAroM kA nicor3a hai, to vaha zvetAmbara granthoM ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai, ise bhI svIkAra karanA hogA aura dhavalAkAra ko zvetAmbara AcAryoM kA RNI bhI honA par3egA; lekina yaha kathana kevala eka atizayokti ke alAvA kucha bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki 'dhavalA' meM mukhyata: to pUrvavartI zvetAmbara-digambara karma granthoM meM varNita viSaya kA hI nicor3a hai| isake alAvA adhikatara dArzanika evaM AcAra sambandhI samasyAe~ to usameM kevala satahI (UparI) stara para hI varNita haiN| kyA anekAnta
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________________ 42 kI sthApanA kI dRSTi se siddhasena divAkara ke 'sanmatitarka' aura usakI TIkA meM athavA 'nayacakra' aura siMhasUri kI usakI TIkA meM athavA 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' aura usakI cUrNI meM athavA 'bRhatkalpa', 'vyavahAra' aura 'nizItha' ke bhASya evaM cUrNiyoM meM jaina AcAra kI gUr3hatama samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM jo gambhIra vivecana hai, vaha kyA 'dhavalA' meM upalabdha hai? eka sAmAnyajana ko to aise kathanoM se bhramita kiyA jA sakatA hai; kintu una vidvAnoM ko jinhoMne donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM kA talasparzI adhyayana kiyA ho, aise atizayoktipUrNa kathanoM se bhramita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| pro0 TA~TiyAjI ne cAhe yaha bAta digambara AcAryoM aura janasAdhAraNa ko khuza karane kI dRSTi se kaha bhI do ho to kyA ve apane isa kathana ko antarAtmA se svIkAra karate haiM? puna: yaha kathana ki 'dhavalA jaisA koI grantha hai hI nahIM yaha bhI cintya hai| vaise to pratyeka grantha apanI viSayavastu yA zailI Adi kI apekSA se apane Apa meM viziSTa hotA hai ata: usakI tulanA kisI anya paramparA ke granthoM se karake unheM nikRSTa ThaharA denA eka nirarthaka prayAsa hI hogA? yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki 'dhavalA' apane Apa meM koI svatantra grantha nahIM hai vaha to 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke pA~ca khaNDoM kI TIkA hai| usakA vaiziSTya kevala karma-siddhAnta kI vivecanA kI dRSTi se hI hai| yadi zvetAmbara granthoM ko eka ora chor3a bhI deM to kyA 'dhavalA' aura 'samayasAra' meM koI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai? kyA 'samayasAra', 'dhavalA' kI apekSA nimna koTi kA grantha hai? dUsarI paramparA ke granthoM ko nimna koTi kA batAne ke liye isa prakAra kI vAkyAvaliyoM kA prayoga ucita nahIM hai| kyA TA~TiyAjI kI dRSTi meM 'bhagavatIsUtra', 'prajJApanA', 'sanmatitarka' aura usakI TIkA athavA 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya', 'dhavalA' kI apekSA nimna koTi ke grantha haiM? kisI bhI grantha ke sApekSita vaiziSTya ko svIkAra karanA eka bAta hai; kintu nirapekSa rUpa se use sarvopari ghoSita kara denA anekAnta ke upAsakoM ke liye ucita nahIM hai| 8."zaurasenI pAli bhASA kI jananI hai- yaha merA spaSTa cintana hai| pahale bauddhoM ke grantha zaurasenI meM the, unako jalA diyA gayA aura pAli meM likhA gyaa|" yadyapi isa kathana kI samIkSA hama pUrva lekha meM kara cuke haiM, phira bhI spaSTatA ke liye do-tIna bAteM batAnA Avazyaka hai| merA prathama prazna to yaha hai ki 'da'kAra aura 'Na'kAra pradhAna zaurasenI jo digambara *. dekheM isI grantha meM prakAzita merA lekha- jaina AgamoM kI mUlabhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI.
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________________ 43 Agama granthoM athavA nATakoM meM milatI hai vaha to tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrva kahIM upalabdha hI nahIM hai, jabaki bauddha tripiTaka pAli bhASA meM usake pUrva likhe jA cuke the| kyA koI bhI paravartI bhASA apanI pUrvavartI bhASA kI jananI ho sakatI hai? kyA AdaraNIya TA~TiyAjI aura sudIpajI kisI prAcIna grantha kA eka bhI aisA pramANa prastuta kara sakate haiM jisameM yaha kahA gayA ho ki zaurasenI se pAli bhASA kA janma huA? puna: kyA isa bAta kA bhI koI pramANa hai ki pahale bauddhoM ke grantha zaurasenI meM the, unako jalA diyA gayA aura phira unako pAli meM likhA gyaa| AcArya buddhaghoSa ke prAmANika kathana ke AdhAra para hameM yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki buddha-vacana mUlata: mAgadhI meM the-~-- sA mAgadhI mUlabhASA narAyAya aadikppikaa| brahmaNo ca assutAlApA saMbuddhA cApi bhaasre||* ata: yaha kahanA to sambhava hai ki mAgadhI pAli bhASA kI jananI hai; kintu yaha kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai ki paravartI zaurasenI pUrvavartI mAgadhI yA pAli bhASA kI jananI hai- yaha to pautrI ko mAtA banAne jaisA prayAsa hai| yaha bAta to bauddha vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kI hai ki jo buddha-vacana pahale mAgadhI meM the, unheM pAli meM rUpAntarita kiyA gayA; kintu yaha to kisI ne bhI Aja taka nahIM kahA ki buddha-vacana pahale zaurasenI meM the aura unheM jalAkara phira pAli meM likhA gyaa| yadi isa sambandha meM unake pAsa koI pramANa ho to prastuta kreN| mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki AdaraNIya TA~TiyAjI ne mAtra yaha kahA hogA ki prAkRta (mAgadhI) pAli bhASA kI jananI hai aura pahale bauddhoM ke grantha prAkRta meM the, unako jalA diyA gayA aura pAli bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| yahA~ prAkRta ke sthAna para zaurasenI zabda kI yojanA bhAI sudIpajI ne svayaM kI hai, aisA spaSTa pratIta ho rahA hai| pro0 TaoNTiyAjI jaise bauddha vidyA ke prakANDa vidvAn aisI AdhArahIna bAteM kara sakate haiM.... yaha vizvasanIya nahIM lagatA hai| DaoN0 sudIpajI ne isameM zabdoM kI tor3a-maror3a kI hai| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki prAkRtavidyA, janavarI-mArca 1996 meM unhoMne TA~TiyAjI ke nAma se likhA hai ki "bauddhoM ne bAda meM ... yojanApUrvaka zaurasenI meM nibaddha bauddha sAhitya kA mAgadhIkaraNa kiyA aura zaurasenI nibaddha bauddha sAhitya ke granthoM ko agnisAta kara diyA gayA jabaki prAkRtavidyA, julAI-sitambara 1996 meM likhA hai ki "bauddhoM ke grantha zaurasenI meM the unako jalA diyA gayA aura pAli meM likhA gyaa|" isa prakAra sudIpajI TA~TiyAjI ke nAma se eka jagaha likhate haiM ki bauddha granthoM kA mAgadhIkaraNa kiyA gayA jabaki dUsarI jagaha likhate haiM ki pAli meM likhA gayA- ina donoM meM saca kyA hai? TaoNTiyAjI ne to koI eka hI bAta kahI hogii| mAgadhI aura pAli donoM alaga-alaga bhASAe~ haiN| satya to yaha hai ki bauddha sAhitya mAgadhI se pAli meM likhA gayA thA na ki zaurasenI se pAli meN| isase yaha bhI siddha * Preface to R.S. Childer's A dictionary of the Pali Language.'P.xiii.
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________________ 44 ho jAtA hai ki sudIpajI ne TA~TiyAjI ke zabdoM meM tor3a-maror3a kI hai| 9. "karma-siddhAnta ke bahuta se rahasyoM ko jaba hama (zvetAmbara) nahIM samajha pAte haiM, taba hama 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke sahAre se hI unako samajhate haiN| 'SaTNDAgama' meM karma-siddhAnta ke samasta koNoM ko bar3e vaijJAnika DhaMga se rakhA gayA hai|" yaha satya hai ki 'SaTkhaNDAgama' meM jaina karma-siddhAnta kA gambhIra evaM vizada vivecana hai| isalie yaha svAbhAvika hai ki karma-siddhAnta ke rahasyoM ko udghATita karane ke liye zvetAmbaroM ko bhI kabhI-kabhI usakA sahArA lenA hotA hai; kintu unheM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki 'SaTakhaNDAgama' mUlata: digambara sampradAya kA grantha na hokara usa vilupta yApanIya sampradAya kA grantha hai, jo ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura unameM pratipAdita strI-mukti ke siddhAnta ko mAnya rakhatA thA, jisakA pramANa usake prathama khaNDa kA 93vA~ sUtra hai jisameM se 'saMjada' zabda ke prayoga ko haTAne kA digambara vidvAnoM ne upakrama bhI kiyA thA aura prathama saMskaraNa ko mudrita karate samaya use haTA bhI diyA thA, yadyapi bAda meM use rakhanA par3A, kyoMki use haTAne para usa sUtra kI dhavalA TIkA gar3abar3A jAtI thii| isa grantha ke sambandha meM vistRta carcA maiMne apanI pustaka "jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ke tRtIya adhyAya meM kI hai aura prastuta prasaMga meM kevala itanA batA denA paryApta hai ki yaha 'SaTkhaNDAgama' mUlata: 'prajJApanA' Adi ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke AdhAra para nirmita haA hai aura isake prathama khaNDa kI 'jIvasamAsa' kI viSayavastu se bahuta kucha samarUpatA hai aura donoM eka hI kAla kI kRtiyA~ haiN| isa sambandha meM vistRta vivecana 'jIvasamAsa' kI bhUmikA meM kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki 'SaTkhaNDAgama' meM pratipAdita jaina karma-siddhAnta ke itihAsa ko samajhane ke liye ardhamAgadhI AgamoM evaM zvetAmbara karma sAhitya kA adhyayana bhI utanA hI jarUrI hai jitanA SaTakhaNDAgama' kaa| maiM svayaM bhI jaina karma-siddhAnta ke vikasita svarUpa ke gambhIra vivecana kI dRSTi se 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke mUlya aura mahattva ko svIkAra karatA hU~; kintu isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki ardhamAgadhI AgamoM evaM zvetAmbara AcAryoM dvArA praNIta prAcIna karma-sAhitya ko nakAra diyA jaave| 10. "haribhadrasUri kA sArA 'yogazataka' 'dhavalA' se hai| 'dhavalA' samasta jainadarzana aura jJAna kA agAdha bhaNDAra hai| 'dhavalA' meM kyA nahIM hai?" __ haribhadrasUri kA sArA 'yogazataka' 'dhavalA' se hai isa kathana kA artha yaha hai ki haribhadra ne 'yogazataka' ko 'dhavalA' se liyA hai| yaha vizvAsa nahIM hotA ki TA~TiyAjI jaise praur3ha vidvAn ko jaina itihAsa kA itanA bhI bodha nahIM hai ki 'dhavalA' aura haribhadra ke 'yogazataka' meM kauna prAcIna hai? aneka pramANoM se yaha susthApita ho cukA hai ki 'dhavalA' kI racanA navIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM huI jabaki
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________________ haribhadra AThavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiN| satya to yaha hai ki haribhadrasUri ke 'yogazataka' se dhavalAkAra ne liyA hai, ata: TaoNTiyAjI jaise vidvAn ke nAma se aitihAsika satya ko bhI ulaTa denA kahA~ taka ucita hai ? dhavalAkAra hI haribhadrasUri ke RNI haiM, haribhadrasUri dhavalAkAra ke RNI nahIM haiN| 45 yaha satya hai ki 'dhavalA' meM aneka bAteM saMkalita kara lI gayI haiM; kintu aneka tathyoM kA saMkalana karane mAtra se koI grantha mahattvapUrNa nahIM bana jAtA hai| puna: yaha kahanA ki 'dhavalA' meM kyA nahIM hai, eka atizayoktipUrNa kathana ke alAvA kucha nahIM hai| jaina vidyA ke aneka pakSa aise haiM jinakI 'dhavalA' meM koI carcA hI nahIM hai| 'dhavalA' mUlataH 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kI TIkA hai, jo jaina karma - siddhAnta kA grantha hai ataH usakA bhI mUla pratipAdya to jaina karma siddhAnta hI hai, anya viSaya to prasaMgavaza samAhita kara liye gaye haiN| 'dhavalA' meM kyA nahIM hai? isa kathana kA yaha Azaya lagA lenA ki 'dhavalA' meM saba kucha hai, eka bhrAnti hogI / 'pravacanasAroddhAra' Adi aneka zvetAmbara granthoM kA viSaya vaividhya 'dhavalA' se bhI adhika hai| 11. " AcArya vIrasena bahuzruta vidvAn the / unhoMne samasta digambara - zvetAmbara sAhitya kA gahana avalokana kiyA thA / " AcArya vIrasena eka bahuzruta vidvAn the, yaha mAnane meM kisI ko bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai; kintu vahI ekamAtra bahuzruta vidvAn hue hoM, aisA bhI nahIM hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAoM meM aise aneka bahuzruta vidvAn hue haiN| punaH unhoMne zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA ho, yaha mAnane meM bhI kisI ko bAdhA nahIM ho sakatI hai; kintu yaha kahanA ki unhoMne samasta digambara - zvetAmbara sAhitya kA gahana avalokana kiyA thA, atizayoktipUrNa kathana hI hai| 'dhavalA' meM aise aneka sthala haiM, jo zvetAmbara - paramparA aura usake granthoM se unake paricita na hone kA saMketa karate haiN| sAtha hI unake kAla taka zvetAmbara - digambara sAhitya itanA vipula thA ki usa sabakA gahana adhyayana kara lenA eka vyakti ke liye kisI bhI sthiti meM sambhava nahIM thaa| adhika to kyA ? jisa yApanIya paramparA ke grantha para unhoMne TIkA likhI usakI aneka mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM unhoMne koI saMketa taka nahIM diyaa| usa yuga ke zvetAmbara AgamoM, yApanIya granthoM aura svayaM apanI hI paramparA ke AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM dhavalAkAra kA jJAna kitanA sImita thA yaha to unakI TIkA se hI spaSTa hai| 12. "jaina darzana kA hara viSaya kramabaddha (systematic) rUpa meM zaurasenI sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai|" yaha satya hai ki zaurasenI sAhitya meM jaina darzana se sambandhita jina viSayoM kI
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________________ 46 vivecanA kI gayI hai, vaha ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI apekSA adhika suvyavasthita hai; kintu isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zaurasenI sAhitya jisa kAla meM nirmita huA usa kAla taka jainadarzana ke vibhinna siddhAnta vyavasthita rUpa se vikasita ho cuke the| kisI bhI siddhAnta kA vikAsa eka kAlakrama meM hotA hai| kramabaddhatA aura vyavasthA to usa antima sthiti kI paricAyaka hai jaba vaha siddhAnta apane vikAsa kI carama avasthA meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| zaurasenI sAhitya meM jaina darzana ke vibhinna siddhAnta vyavasthita aura kramabaddha rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiM, yaha to isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki zaurasenI sAhitya ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya se paravartI hai aura usI ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai| paravartIkAlIna racanAoM kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki ve apane pUrvakAlIna racanAoM kI kamiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kara apane viSaya ko adhika vyavasthita aura kramabaddha rUpa meM prastuta karatI haiN| ataH zaurasenI sAhitya meM varNita viSayoM kA adhika vyavasthita aura kramabaddha honA isI tathya kA sUcaka hai ki ve ardhamAgadhI AgamoM se paravartI haiN| puna: isa kathana kA yaha Azaya bhI nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki ardhamAgadhI sAhitya meM kramabaddhatA aura vyavasthA kA abhAva hai| ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhI gayI zvetAmbara-paramparA kI aneka paravartIkAlIna racanAoM meM bhI aisI hI vyavasthA aura kramabaddhatA upalabdha hotI hai| siddhasena divAkara, mallavAdI, jinabhadragaNi, haribhadra, siddharSi, hemacandra Adi kI racanAoM meM bhI aisI hI viSaya kI susambaddhatA evaM suspaSTatA hai| 13. "zvetAmbara aura digambara" donoM eka dUsare ke sahAyaka bniye| __ AdaraNIya TA~TiyAjI kA yaha sujhAva to hama sabhI ko svIkAra karane yogya hai| vastutaH yadi hameM jaina dharma-darzana ke samagra svarUpa ko samajhanA yA prastuta karanA hai, to paraspara eka dUsare kA sahayoga apekSita hai, kyoMki donoM paramparAe~ paraspara milakara hI jainadharma aura saMskRti kA eka sampUrNa citra prastuta kara sakatI haiM; kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki eka dUsare kI AlocanA athavA dUsare ko heya mAnakara apanI zreSThatA kA bar3ha-car3ha kara dAvA karanA, isa dizA meM kathamapi sahAyaka nahIM ho skegaa| hameM apanI paramparAoM kI vizeSatA ko ujAgara karane kA adhikAra to hai; kintu dUsare pakSa ko hIna yA nIcA dikhAkara nhiiN| hameM apanI bAtoM ko isa taraha se prastuta karanA cAhie ki ve dUsare kI asmitA aura garimA ko khaNDita na kreN| apekSA to yaha bhI kI jAnI cAhie ki hama dUsare pakSa meM nihita acchAiyoM ko bhI svIkAra karane ke liye tatpara raheM aura isa prakAra apanI udAra dRSTi kA paricaya deM! pro0 TaoNTiyAjI ne zaurasenI sAhitya aura digambara-paramparA kI acchAiyoM ko ujAgara karake apanI udAra dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai; kintu use tor3a-maror3a kara isa taraha kyoM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai ki jisase ardhamAgadhI sAhitya aura zvetAmbara samAja kI asmitA ko AghAta lge|
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________________ 14. "isa vyAkhyAna meM TaoNTiyAjI ne ghavalA, SaTkhaNDAgama, vIrasena, kundakunda, mUlAcAra, AtmakhyAti, amRtacandra Adi kI bhI khulakara prazaMsA kI / " 47 nizcaya hI 'SaTkhaNDAgama', usakI 'dhavalA' TIkA aura TIkAkAra vIrasena kA jaina karma siddhAnta ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai, jise jaina darzana kA koI bhI adhyetA asvIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| isI prakAra AcArya kundakunda ke 'samayasAra' aura amRtacandra kI 'AtmakhyAti' TIkA ke kalazoM kA jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke kSetra meM jo mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai usake AdhAra para unheM jaina adhyAtmarUpI mandira kA svarNakalaza kaha sakate haiN| AdaraNIya TaoNTiyAjI ne una granthoM aura granthakAroM kI prazaMsA kara apanI udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai aura isa prakAra apanA karttavya pUrNa kiyA hai| jaina vidyA kA koI bhI taTastha vidvAn ina granthoM aura granthakAroM ke mahattva aura mUlya ko asvIkAra nahIM karegA; kintu bhAI sudIpajI ko isa prazaMsA kA yaha Azaya nahIM lagAnA cAhie ki kevala digambara- paramparA meM yA kevala zaurasenI sAhitya ke kSetra meM hI uccakoTi ke vidvAn hue haiM aura mahattvapUrNa grantha likhe gaye haiN| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM bhI siddhasena divAkara, mallavAdI, jinabhadragaNi, haribhadra, hemacandra Adi aneka vidvAn hue haiM aura unakI racanAoM kA bhI mahattva evaM mUlya kama nahIM haiN| yadi prAkRtavidyA ko vastutaH prAkRtavidyA kA nAma sArthaka karanA hai to use prAkRta kI vibhinna vidhAoM yathA ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI, apabhraMza sabhI ko samAna rUpa se mahattva denA caahie| yadi unheM kevala zaurasenI kA hI guNagAna karanA hai aura dUsarI prAkRtoM ko heya dikhAnA hai to patrikA kA nAma zaurasenI prAkRtavidyA yA zaurasenI vidyA rakha lenA caahie| kevala zaurasenI hI prAkRta hai, usI se samasta prAkRtoM kA janma huA hai aura usI meM hI satsAhitya kA sarjana huA hai, aisA kathana satya nahIM hai| prAkRta kI anya vidhAoM meM bhI uttama koTi ke grantha likhe gaye haiM aura zIrSastha vidvAn hue haiN| ataH unheM heya samajha kara kisI bhI prakAra kI anabhijJatA aura ajJAnatA ko bIca meM lAkara prAkRtavidyA ke mahattva ko ghaTAne kA upakrama nahIM hone denA caahie| maiM prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka bhAI sudIpajI se yaha nivedana karanA cAhU~gA ki yA to ve AdaraNIya TaoNTiyAjI ke vyAkhyAna kI Tepa ko avikala rUpa se yathAvat prakAzita kara deM yA usa Tepa ko jo cAheM unheM upalabdha karA deM tAki use prakAzita karake yaha nirarthaka vivAda samApta kiyA jA ske|
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________________ zaurasenI prAkRta ke sambandha meM pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa kI sthApanAoM kI samIkSA 'prAkRtavidyA' ke sampAdaka DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ke vyAkhyAna meM ubharakara Aye kucha vicAra-binduoM ko 'prAkRta-vidyA', janavarI-mArca 1997 ke apane sampAdakIya meM prastuta kiyA hai| hama yahA~ sarvaprathama pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ke nAma se prastuta una vicAra-binduoM ko avikala rUpa se dekara phira unakI samIkSA kreNge| DaoN0 sudIpa jaina likhate haiM ki "prAkRta bhASA isa deza kI mUla bhASA rahI hai aura prAkRta ke vividha rUpoM meM bhI zaurasenI prAkRta hI mUla prAkRta thI, isakI samavartI mAgadhI prAkRta isI kA 'kSetrIyasaMskaraNa' thii| zaurasenI prAkRta madhya deza meM bolI jAtI thI tathA sampUrNa bRhattara bhArata meM isake mAdhyama se sAhitya-sRjana hotA rahA hai isIlie zaurasenI prAkRta hI anya sabhI prAkRtoM evaM lokabhASAoM kI jananI rahI hai| pahile mUla do hI prAkRteM thI-zaurasenI aura maagdhii| paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta pUrI taraha se zaurasenI kA hI parivartita rUpa hai| 'mahArASTrI' kA koI svatantra astitva maiM nahIM maantaa| yahI nahIM, 'ardhamAgadhI' prAkRta, jo ki mAtra zvetAmbara jaina Agama-granthoM meM hI milatI hai, kA AdhAra bhI zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai| isake bAda parizuddha zaurasenI bhASA 'kasAyapAhuDasutta', 'chakkhaNDAgamasutta', kundakunda-sAhitya evaM 'dhavalA' - 'jayaghavalA' Adi meM prayukta milatI hai| digambara jaina sAhitya kI zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA akRtrima, svAbhAvika evaM vAstavika janabhASA hai| yahI nahIM, bauddha granthoM kI bhASA mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai, jise kRtrima rUpa se saMskRtaniSTha banAkara pUrvadezIya prabhAvoM ke sAtha pAli rUpa diyA gyaa| use khIMca-tAnakara prAcIna banAne kI koziza kI gayI hai, jisase usakI vAkyaracanA meM jaTilatA A gayI hai| isI kAraNa maiM zaurasenI ko hI mUla prAkRta bhASA mAnatA huuN| mAgadhI bhI lagabhaga itanI hI prAcIna hai, parantu vastutaH usameM pUrvIya uccAraNa-bheda ke atirikta anya koI antara nahIM hai, mUlataH vaha bhI zaurasenI hI hai|" -pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa (prAkRtavidyA, janavarI-mArca 1997, pR0 17)
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________________ 49 yadyapi ina vicArabinduoM meM adhikAMza ve hI haiM, jinheM nathamalajI TA~TiyA ke vyAkhyAna ke sandarbha meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA haiN| isa prakAra pro0 vyAsajI ke vyAkhyAna meM ubharakara Aye vicAra-binduoM meM yadyapi koI navIna mudde sAmane nahIM Aye haiM phira bhI yahA~ unakI samIkSA kara lenA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| 1. "zaurasenI prAkRta hI mUla prAkRta thI, isakI samavartI mAgadhI prAkRta isakA kSetrIya saMskaraNa thii|" zaurasenI prAkRta yadi mUla prAkRta thI, to phira bhAsa ke nATakoM (IsA kI dUsarI zatI) ke pUrva ke prAkRta abhilekhoM aura prAkRta ke granthoM meM zaurasenI kI pravRttiyA~ arthAt madhyavartI "t" ke sthAna para "d'' evaM "na" ke sthAna para "Na" kyoM nahIM dikhAyI detI hai? isa sambandha meM hama vistAra se carcA apane anya lekhoM 'jaina AgamoM kI mUlabhASA-ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI 1, 'azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA'2 Adi meM kara rahe haiN| satyatA yaha hai ki IsA kI dUsarI zatI ke pUrva usa zaurasenI prAkRta kA kahIM koI atA-patA hI nahIM thA, jise mUla prAkRta kahA jA rahA hai| pro0 vyAsajI kA yaha kathana ki 'mAgadhI prAkRta zaurasenI prAkRta kA kSetrIya saMskaraNa thI', yaha bhASA-zAstrIya Thosa pramANoM para AdhArita nahIM hai, kyoMki mUlataH sabhI prAkRteM apanI-apanI kSetrIya boliyoM se hI vikasita huI haiN| mAgadhI, paizAcI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi prAkRtoM ko prAkRta bhASA ke kSetrIya saMskaraNa to kahA jA sakatA hai; kintu inameM se kisI ko bhI mUla aura dUsarI ko usakA kSetrIya saMskaraNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| inameM se kisI ko mAtA aura kisI ko putrI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki ye to sabhI bahaneM haiN| yadi hama kAlakrama kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to hameM yahI mAnanA hogA ki likhita bhASA ke rUpa meM mAgadhI hI sabase prAcIna prAkRta hai| ata: isa dRSTi se pro0 vyAsajI kA yaha samIkaraNa ulaTa jAyegA aura unheM yaha mAnanA hogA ki mAgadhI mUla prAkRta hai aura zaurasenI prAkRta mAgadhI prAkRta kA eka kSetrIya saMskaraNa hai| 2. zaurasenI prAkRta madhya-deza meM bolI jAtI thI tathA sampUrNa bRhattara bhArata meM isake mAdhyama se sAhitya sRjana hotA rhaa|" 1. "jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI', DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, * jinavANI, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, apraila, maI, jUna evaM sitambara aMka, 1998 / jJAtavya hai ki yaha lekha isa kRti meM isI nAma se prakAzita hai| 'azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA mAgadhI yA zaurasenI', jainavidyA ke vividha AyAma, khaNDa 6, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1998, pR0 708-711 / yaha lekha bhI isI kRti meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ 50 yaha to satya hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta madhya-deza meM bolI jAtI thI; kintu pro0 vyAsa kA yaha kathana ki sampUrNa bhArata meM isake mAdhyama se sAhitya sRjana hotA rahA hai, sAhityika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para mAtra eka atizayokti se adhika kucha nahIM hai, kyoMki nATakoM ke zaurasenI aMzoM ko chor3akara hameM zaurasenI prAkRta meM koI bhI dharma yA sampradAya nirapekSa sampUrNa grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| zaurasenI prAkRta meM jo bhI grantha upalabdha hote haiM, ve mAtra jainoM ke digambara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM ke haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki ina sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne cAhe ve uttara bhArata ke hoM yA dakSiNa bhArata ke, zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI apane grantha likhe the; kintu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki usI kAla meM zvetAmbara jaina AcArya ardhamAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI prabhAvita mahArASTrI prAkRta meM apanI dhArmika evaM sAhityika kRtiyoM kI racanA kara rahe the| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, usI kAla meM dharma evaM sampradAya nirapekSa sAhityika kRtiyoM kI racanA bhI mahArASTrI prAkRta meM ho rahI thii| jahA~ zaurasenI prAkRta meM sampradAya nirapekSa sAhityika grantha anupalabdha haiM, vahIM mahArASTrI prAkRta meM aise anekoM grantha upalabdha haiN| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki dharma-nirapekSa sAhityika kRtiyoM kI racanA kI dRSTi se mahArASTrI prAkRta hI adhika pracalana meM thii| Aja zaurasenI prAkRta kI apekSA mahArASTrI prAkRta ke adhika vyApaka hone kA pramANa hai| ata: yaha mAnanA hogA ki zaurasenI kI apekSA mahArASTrI prAkRta adhika vyApaka rahI hai aura usake mAdhyama se dhArmika aura dharmanirapekSa donoM hI prakAra ke sAhitya kA sRjana bhArata meM hotA rahA hai| 3. "zaurasenI prAkRta hI sabhI prAkRtoM evaM anya bhASAoM kI jananI hai|" isa prazna ke sambandha meM bhI hama apane pUrva lekhoM meM vistAra se carcA kara cuke haiN| satya to yaha hai ki sabhI prAkRteM apanI-apanI kSetrIya boliyoM se vikasita huI haiM aura isalie yaha kahanA kisI bhI sthiti meM yuktisaMgata nahIM hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta hI sabhI prAkRtoM yA anya bhASAoM kI jananI hai| kisI bhI eka prAkRta ko dUsarI prAkRta se utpanna huA mAnanA eka bhrAnti hai| sabhI sAhityika prAkRteM apanI-apanI kSetrIya boliyoM ke saMskArita rUpa haiN| pratyeka kSetrIya bolI kI uccAraNagata apanI vizeSatA hotI hai, jo usa kSetra kI bhASA kI bhI vizeSatA bana jAtI hai| ye uccAraNagata kSetrIya vizeSatAe~ pratyeka kSetra kI nijI hotI haiM, ve kisI bhI dUsare kSetra ke prabhAva se utpanna nahIM hotI haiN| ata: pratyeka prAkRtta apanI-apanI vizeSatAoM ke sAtha apanI kSetrIya 1. "jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI', DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, jinavANI, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, aMka-apraila, maI, jUna evaM sitambara aMka 1998 / jJAtavya hai ki yaha lekha isa kRti meM bhI isI nAma se prakAzita hai|
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________________ 51 bolI se janma letI hai, kisI dUsarI prAkRta se nhiiN| jaise mAravAr3I, mevAr3I, mAlavI, bundelI, braja, avadhI, bhojapurI, maithilI Adi boliyoM ko kisI eka bolI vizeSa se yA hindI se utpanna mAnanA avaijJAnika hai evaM eka bhrAnti hai aura koI bhI bhASAzAstrI isa tathya ko svIkAra nahIM karegA; vaise hI kisI eka prAkRta vizeSa ko bhI dUsarI prAkRta se yA saMskRta se utpanna mAnanA bhI eka bhrAnti hai| 4. "pahale do prAkRteM thIM zaurasenI aura mAgadhI; mahArASTrI prAkRta pUrI taraha se zaurasenI kA hI paravartI rUpa hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta kA maiM koI svatantra astitva nahIM maantaa|" prathama to yaha kahanA ki mahArASTrI prAkRta zaurasenI kA hI paravartI rUpa hai, ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI Adi sabhI prAkRtoM kI apanI-apanI vizeSatAe~ haiM, jahA~ zaurasenI prAkRta meM madhyavartI 'ta' kA 'd' meM parivartana hotA hai vahA~ mahArASTrI prAkRta meM lupta vyaJjanoM kI 'ya'-zruti hotI hai| puna: zaurasenI kI apekSA mahArASTrI prAkRta komala aura kAnta hai vahA~ zaurasenI kaThora padAvaliyoM se yukta hai, yathA- "vaddhamAna' kA vddddmaann'| puna: jaba donoM kI apanI-apanI lakSaNagata bhinnatA hai, to phira yaha kahanA ki maiM mahArASTrI prAkRta kA koI svatantra astitva nahIM mAnatA hU~, ucita nahIM hai| . Aja yadi prAkRtoM meM kisI prAkRta kA sarvAdhika sAhitya hai to vaha mahArASTrI prAkRta kA hI hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta ke sAhitya kI tulanA meM zeSa sabhI prAkRtoM kA sAhitya to dazamAMza bhI nahIM hai, jisameM 90 pratizata sAhitya ho usa prAkRta kA svatantra astitva nahIM mAnanA, kevala pakSAgraha kA hI sUcaka hai| puna: yadi mahArASTrI aura zaurasenI meM antara nahIM hai to phira zaurasenI nAma kA Agraha hI kyoM? Aja eka bhI aisA sAhityika evaM purAtAttvika pramANa nahIM hai, jisase yaha siddha ho sake ki zaurasenI prAcIna hai aura mahArASTrI paravartI hai| azvaghoSa yA bhAsa ke nATakoM se arthAt IsvI san kI dUsarI zatI se pUrva kA eka bhI sAhityika yA abhilekhIya pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai, jisake AdhAra para zaurasenI kI anya prAkRtoM se prAcInatA siddha ho sake jabaki sAtavAhana hAla kI mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita 'gAthAsaptazatI' unase prAcIna hai, kyoMki sAtavAhana hAla kA kAla prathama zatI mAnA jAtA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, 'gAthAsaptazatI' bhI eka saMgraha grantha hai aura isakI anekoM gAthAe~ usase bhI pUrva racita haiM ata: paravartI bhASA mahArASTrI nahIM, zaurasenI hI hai| 5. "ardhamAgadhI prAkRta jo mAtra zvetAmbara jaina AgamoM meM milatI hai, kA AdhAra zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai|" isa sambandha meM bhI vistAra se carcA maiM isI grantha meM prakAzita apane svatantra 1. vahI, aMka jUna 1998, pR0 23-28
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________________ 52 lekha 'AgamoM kI mUla bhASA zaurasenI yA ardhamAgadhI' meM kara cukA huuN| yaha ThIka hai ki ardhamAgadhI meM mAgadhI ke atirikta anya kSetrIya boliyoM ke zabda rUpa bhI milate haiN| yadyapi ardhamAgadhI meM aneka sthAnoM para 'r' kA 'lU' vikalpa se to hotA hI hai, kintu isameM mAgadhI ke kucha lakSaNa jaise sarvatra "r" kA "l", "s" kA "za" nahIM milate haiM; phira bhI yaha sunizcita satya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vacanoM ke AdhAra para sarvaprathama isI ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM Agama aura Agamatulya granthoM kI racanA huI hai / aisI sthiti meM yaha kahane kA kyA artha hai ki ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA AdhAra zaurasenI prAkRta hai| isake viparIta siddha to yahI hotA hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta kA AdhAra ardhamAgadhI hai, kyoMki zaurasenI AgamoM meM ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura mahArASTrI ke hajAroM zabda-rUpa hI nahIM, apitu hajAroM gAthAe~ bhI milatI haiM, isakI sapramANa carcA bhI hama apane pUrva lekha meM kara cuke haiN| punaH Agamika ullekhoM se bhI yahI pramANita hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane pravacana ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM diye the aura unhIM ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM ne usI bhASA meM grantha racanA kI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake gaNadharoM kI mAtRbhASA mAgadhI thI, na ki zaurasenI, kyoMki ve sabhI magadha meM hI janme the| kyA pro0 vyAsajI bhASAzAstrIya, sAhityika yA abhilekhIya pramANoM se yaha siddha kara sakate haiM ki zvetAmbara AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA AdhAra zaurasenI prAkRta yA usameM racita grantha haiM ? upalabdha ardhamAgadhI AgamoM yathA AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, RSibhASita Adi ko pAzcAtya evaM paurvAtya sabhI vidvAnoM ne IsvI pUrva kI racanAe~ mAnI haiM, jabaki koI bhI zaurasenI Agama IsA kI tIsarI cauthI zatI ke pUrva kA nahIM hai| isase siddha yahI hotA hai ki zaurasenI AgasoM kA AdhAra ardhamAgadhI Agama hai| AcArya hemacandra ne apane 'prAkRta vyAkaraNa' meM zaurasenI prAkRta ke viziSTa lakSaNoM kI carcA karane ke bAda anta meM yaha kahA - 'zeSaM prAkRtavat, isa sUtra se kyA yahI siddha kiyA jAya ki zaurasenI prAkRta kA AdhAra mahArASTrI prAkRta hai| jJAtavya hai ki hemacandra kA 'prAkRta' se tAtparya 'mahArASTrI prAkRta' hI hai, kyoMki unhoMne prAkRta ke nAma se mahArASTrI prAkRta kA hI vyAkaraNa likhA hai| 6. "zaurasenI prAkRta ke prAcInatama rUpa samrAT azoka ke giranAra ke zilAlekha meM milate haiN|' isa sambandha meM bhI vistRta vivecana hama apane svatantra lekha 'azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA mAgadhI yA zaurasenI' meM kara rahe haiN| sabhI vidvAnoM ne eka svara se isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA mAgadhI yA ArSaprAkRta hI hai,
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________________ 53 yadyapi abhilekhoM para tat-tat kSetra kI boliyoM kA kiJcit prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| zaurasenI prAkRta ke jo do viziSTa lakSaNa mAne jAte haiM-- madhyavartI "t" ke sthAna para "d" aura dantya "n" ke sthAna para mUrdhanya "N' - ye donoM lakSaNa azoka ke kisI bhI abhilekha meM prAya: nahIM pAye jAte haiN| ata: hameM azoka ke bhitra-bhinna abhilekhoM kI bhASA ko tat-tat pradezoM kI kSetrIya boliyoM se prabhAvita mAgadhI hI mAnanA hogaa| ina kSetrIya boliyoM ke prabhAva ke AdhAra para use ardhamAgadhI ke nikaTa to kaha sakate haiM; kintu zaurasenI kadApi nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki unameM zaurasenI kA koI bhI viziSTa lakSaNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| eka do apavAdoM ko chor3akara azoka ke abhilekhoM meM na to kahIM madhyavartI "t" kA "dapAyA jAtA hai aura na kahIM dantya "na" ke sthAna para mUrdhanya "Na" kA prayoga milatA hai| unameM sarvatra hI dantya "n' kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| __jahA~ taka pro0 vyAsajI ke isa kathana kA prazna hai ki "zaurasenI prAkRta ke prAcInatama rUpa samrATa azoka ke giranAra ke zilAlekha meM milate haiM' isa viSaya meM hama unase yahI jAnanA cAheMge ki kyA giranAra ke kisI bhI zilAlekha meM madhyavartI "t' ke sthAna para "d' kA prayoga huA hai? jahA~ taka mUrdhanya "Na" kA prazna hai vaha zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI donoM meM samAna rUpa se hI pAyA jAtA hai phira bhI usakA azoka ke abhilekhoM meM kahIM prayoga nahIM huA hai| hama unase sAgraha nivedana karanA cAheMge ki ve giranAra ke abhilekhoM meM una zabda-rUpoM ko chor3akara jo zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI donoM meM hI pAye jAte haiM, zaurasenI ke viziSTa lakSaNayukta zabda-rUpa dikhAyeM jo ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ke zabda-rUpoM se bhinna hoM aura mAtra zaurasenI kI viziSTatA ko liye hue hoN| yahA~ para hameM yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki giranAra kA kSetra to mahArASTrI prAkRta kA kSetra hai| giranAra ke abhilekhoM meM jinheM ve zaurasenI prAkRta ke zabda-rUpa mAna rahe haiM ve vastuta: mahArASTrI prAkRta ke zabda-rUpa haiN| ata: giranAra ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA ko zaurasenI prAkRta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| punaH giranAra kI bAta to dUra rahI svayaM zaurasenI prAkRta ke kSetra dehalI-ToparA ke azoka ke abhilekhoM meM kahIM bhI zaurasenI ke viziSTa lakSaNa nahIM pAye jAte haiM apitu vahA~ para 'lAjA' jaise mAgadhI rUpa hI milate haiN| phira ve kisa AdhAra para yaha kahate haiM ki giranAra ke zilAlekhoM meM zaurasenI prAkRta ke prAcInatama rUpa milate haiN| 7. "isI krama meM Age pro0 vyAsajI kahate haiM- isake bAda parizuddha zaurasenI bhASA 'kasAyapAhuDasutta', 'chakkhaNDAgamasutta', kundakunda sAhitya evaM 'dhavalA', 'jayadhavalA' Adi meM prayukta milatI hai|"
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________________ 54 pro0 vyAsajI ne uparokta granthoM kI bhASA ko parizuddha zaurasenI kahA hai| maiM pro0 vyAsajI se atyanta vinamra zabdoM meM yaha pUchanA cAhU~gA ki kyA ina granthoM ke zabda-rUpoM kA bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se unhoMne koI vizleSaNa kiyA haiM ? kyA ina granthoM ke sandarbha meM unakA adhyayana pro0 upAdhye aura pro0 khaDabaDI jaise digambara- paramparA ke mUrdhanya vidvAnoM kI apekSA bhI adhika gahana hai / Aja taka kisI bhI vidvAn ne digambara AgamoM kI bhASA ko parizuddha zaurasenI nahIM mAnA hai| pro0 e0ena0 upAdhye ne 'pravacanasAra ' kI bhUmikA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki usakI (pravacanasAra kI) bhASA para ardhamAgadhI kA prabhAva hai| pro0 khar3abar3I chakkhaNDAgama kI bhASA ko bhI zuddha zaurasenI nahIM mAnate haiM aura usa para ardhamAgadhI kA prabhAva batAte haiN| yadi hama ina sabhI granthoM ke zabda rUpoM kA bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se vizleSaNa kareM to spaSTa rUpa se hameM eka do nahIM parantu saikar3oM aura hajAroM zabda-rUpa mahArASTrI aura ardhamAgadhI prAkRta ke mileMge ! maiMne apane pUrva lekha 'jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI' meM vistAra se isa sambandha meM bhI carcA kI hai|" pro0 vyAsajI jise parizuddha zaurasenI kaha rahe haiM vaha to ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI kI eka prakAra kI khicar3I hai| zaurasenI ke pratyeka grantha meM ina vibhinna prAkRtoM kA anupAta bhI bhinna-bhinna pAyA jAtA hai| 8. "bauddha granthoM kI pAli bhASA bhI mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta hI thI, jise kRtrima rUpa se saMskRtaniSTha banAkara pUrva - dezIya prabhAvoM ke sAtha pAli rUpa diyA gayA! " bauddha granthoM kI mUla bhASA kyA thI aura use kisa prakAra pAli meM rUpAntarita kiyA gayA, isakI bhI vistRta sapramANa samIkSA hama apane "jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI" nAmaka lekha meM kara cuke haiN|" usa lekha meM hamane spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki bhagavAn buddha kA kAryakSetra mukhyataH magadha aura usakA samIpavartI pradeza rahA hai| unhoMne unakI mAtRbhASA mAgadhI meM hI apane upadeza diye the aura unake upadezoM kA prathama saMkalana bhI mAgadhI meM hI huA thaa| yaha satya hai ki kAlAntara meM use saMskRta ke nikaTavartI banAkara pAli rUpa diyA gayA; kintu use kisI bhI rUpa meM zaurasenI prAkRta nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| use khIMcatAna kara zaurasenI batAne kA prayatna eka durAgraha mAtra hI hogaa| 9. "maiM zaurasenI ko hI mUla prAkRta bhASA mAnatA huuN|" hameM yahA~ pro0 vyAsajI ke dvArA khar3I kI gayI isa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa karanA hogA ki sabhI prAkRteM zaurasenIjanya haiN| apane vyAkhyAna meM ve eka sthAna para kahate haiM 1 - 2. jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, jinavANI, samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura, aMka apraila, maI, jUna 1998.
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________________ 55 ki "zaurasenI prAkRta hI mUla prAkRta thI aura isakI samavartI mAgadhI prAkRta isI kA kSetrIya saMskaraNa thI / " punaH ve kahate haiM ki "paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta pUrI taraha se zaurasenI kA hI parivartita rUpa hai, mahArASTrI prAkRta kA svatantra astitva maiM nahIM maantaa|" punaH ve kahate haiM ki ardhamAgadhI prAkRta jo ki mAtra zvetAmbara jaina Agama granthoM meM milatI hai usakA AdhAra bhI zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai| isI krama meM Age ve kahate haiM ki "bauddha granthoM kI pAli bhASA bhI mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta hI hai|" unake ina saba kathanoM kA niSkarSa to yaha hai ki mAgadhI bhI zaurasenI hai, mahArASTrI bhI zaurasenI hai, ardhamAgadhI bhI zaurasenI hai aura pAli bhI zaurasenI hai| yadi mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI sabhI zaurasenI haiM, to phira yaha saba alaga-alaga bhASAe~ kyoM mAnI jAtI haiM aura vyAkaraNa-granthoM meM inake alaga-alaga lakSaNa kyoM nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM? mAgadhI, zaurasenI, Adi sabhI prAkRtoM ke apane viziSTa lakSaNa haiM, jo usase bhinna anya prAkRta meM nahIM milate haiM, phira ve saba eka kaise kahI jA sakatI haiN| yadi mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI sabhI zaurasenI haiM to ina sabhI ke viziSTa lakSaNoM ko bhI zaurasenI ke hI lakSaNa mAnane hoMge aura aisI sthiti meM zaurasenI kA koI bhI viziSTa lakSaNa nahIM raha jAyegA; kintu kyA zaurasenI ke viziSTa lakSaNoM ke abhAva meM use zaurasenI nAma bhI diyA jA sakegA? vaha to parizuddha zaurasenI na ho karake mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI kI aisI khicar3I hogI jise zaurasenI na kahakara ardhamAgadhI kahanA hI ucita hogA, kyoMki ardhamAgadhI kA hI yaha lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki ardhamAgadhI kA lakSaNa yahI hai ki usameM mAgadhI ke sAtha-sAtha anya kSetrIya boliyoM ke zabda rUpa bhI pAye jAte haiN| 10. "maiM zaurasenI ko hI mUla prAkRta mAnatA hU~, mAgadhI bhI lagabhaga itanI hI prAcIna hai, parantu vastutaH usameM pUrvI uccAraNa- bheda ke atirikta koI antara nahIM hai| mUlataH yaha bhI zaurasenI hI hai|" maiM pro0 vyAsajI se savinaya yaha pUchanA cAhU~gA ki yadi zaurasenI hI mUla prAkRta bhASA hai to kyA isakA koI abhilekhIya yA sAhityika pramANa hai ? 'prakRtiH zaurasenI' ke jisa sUtra ko lekara zaurasenI ko mUla prAkRta bhASA kahA jA rahA hai usameM 'prakRti' zabda kA kyA artha hai isakI vistRta samIkSA bhI hama pUrva lekha "jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI" meM kara cuke haiN| punaH pro0 vyAsajI kA yaha kathana ki mAgadhI bhI lagabhaga itanI hI prAcIna hai, yahI siddha karatA hai ki mAgadhI prAkRta zaurasenI se utpanna nahIM huI hai| pro0 vyAsajI dabI jabAna se yaha to svIkAra karate haiM ki 'mAgadhI bhI itanI hI prAcIna hai'; kintu ve spaSTa rUpa se yaha kyoM nahIM svIkAra karate ki mAgadhI zaurasenI kI apekSA prAcIna hai| azoka ke abhilekha jo I0pU0 tIsarI zatI meM likhe gaye ve mAgadhI kI prAcInatA
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________________ ko spaSTa rUpa se ujAgara kara rahe haiM, jabaki zaurasenI kA koI bhI grantha yA granthAMza I0 san kI prathama-dUsarI zatI ke pUrva kA nahIM hai| yadi sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para mAgadhI prAkRta zaurasenI kI apekSA kama se kama 300 varSa prAcIna hai, to phira yaha mAnanA hogA ki vaha mAgadhI hI mUla prAkRta bhASA hai| pana: pro0 vyAsajI kA yaha kathana ki "pUrvIya uccAraNa-bheda ke atirikta mAgadhI aura zaurasenI meM koI antara nahIM hai| yaha kathana mUlata:- vaha bhI zaurasenI hI hai", yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki uccAraNa-bheda aura pratyayoM ke bheda hI vibhinna prAkRtoM ke antara kA AdhAra hai| yadi bheda nahIM hote to phira vibhinna prAkRtoM meM koI antara kiyA hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thA aura sabhI prAkRteM eka hI hotii| vastutaH prAkRta ke mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi jo vividha bheda haiM ve apane-apane kSetrIya uccAraNa-bheda aura pratyaya-bheda ke AdhAra para hI sthita haiN| ata: yaha to kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi sabhI mUlata: prAkRte haiM; kintu yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAgadhI Adi bhI zaurasenI haiN| inakI apanI-apanI lAkSaNika bhitratAe~ haiM; ata: yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki mAgadhI bhI zaurasenI hai yA zaurasenI kA kSetrIya saMskaraNa hai| jisa prakAra mAgadhI, pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI Adi prAkRta ke vibhinna bheda haiM usI prakAra zaurasenI bhI prAkRta kA hI eka bheda hai| puna: yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki digambara jaina AgamoM kI zaurasenI parizuddha zaurasenI na hokara ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI se prabhAvita zaurasenI hai aura isIlie pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne use jaina zaurasenI nAma diyA hai| maiM "prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka DaoN0 sudIpajI jaina se nivedana karanA cAha~gA ki ve pro0 TA~TiyAjI aura pro0 bholAzaMkara vyAsajI ke nAma para zaurasenI kI sarvoparitA kI thothI mAnyatA sthApita karane hetu prAkRta-premiyoM ke bIca khAIM na khodeN| vastutaH yadi prAkRta-premI pAli, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI kI sarvoparitA ke nAma para Apasa meM lar3ane lageMge to isase prAkRtavidyA kI hI durgati hogii| Aja AvazyakatA hai mila-jula kara samavetarUpa se prAkRtavidyA ke vikAsa kI, na ki prAkRta ke ina kSetrIya bhedoM ke nAma para lar3akara apanI zakti ko samApta karane kii| AzA hai prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka ko isa satyatA kA bodha hogA aura ve prAkRta-premiyoM ko Apasa meM na lar3Akara prAkRtoM ke vikAsa kA kArya kreNge|