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________________ prAkRta-sAhitya meM upalabdha jaina nyAya ke bIja - DaoN. dharma canda jaina jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kiyA gayA pramANa-viSayaka cintana jaina-nyAya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jaina pramANa-mImAMsA kA apara nAma hI jaina-nyAya hai| vikAsa-krama kI dRSTi se jaina pramANa-mImAMsA ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai--1. AgamavartI pramANa-nirUpaNa 2. anekAnta-sAhityayugIna pramANa-nirUpaNa aura 3. bhaTTa akalaMka evaM taduttaravartI pramANa-nirUpaNa / AgamoM meM upalabdha pramANa-viSayaka samasta nirUpaNa prAkRta bhASA meM hai| anekAnta sAhitya yugIna pramANa mImAMsIya cintana prAkRta evaM saMskRta donoM bhASAoM meM upalabdha hai / akalaMka evaM unake pazcAt pramANa para jo kucha likhA gayA vaha prAya: saba saMskRta bhASA meM hai| gaNadharoM dvArA grathita hone ke kAraNa AgamoM kA racanA-kAla nirdhArita karanA anupayukta hai| aneka sAhityayugIna samaya ko dvitIya zatI se saptamazatI taka rakhA jAtA hai| akalaMka kA samaya paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ke anusAra 720 I. se 780 I. hai / jaina darzana meM bhaTTa akalaMka ne jaina nyAya ko bRhad stara para vyavasthita svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| unake anantara AcArya yazovijaya taka satrahavIM zatI meM bhI usakA vikAsa hotA rahA hai| jainanyAya para Adya svataMtra kRti siddhasena kA nyAyAvatAra hai| isameM 32 kArikAoM meM jaina-nyAya kA saMkSepa meM sundara nirUpaNa huA hai| siddhasena anekAntasthApana yuga ke AcArya the| unhoMne prAkRta bhASA meM 'sanmati-tarka' kI racanA kI jo anekAntavAda ke sthApana ke sAtha jJAnamImAMsA kA bhI nirupaNa karatI hai / sanmatitarka meM sIdhA pramANa-vivecana nahIM hai kintu usameM nihita jJAna kA vivecana pramANa-vivecana kA AdhAra banA hai, isIlie abhayadevasUri (10vIM 124 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ zatI) ne isa para tattvabodhavidhAyinI nAmaka vizAla TIkA kA nirmANa karate samaya pramANa kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai| jaina darzana para saMskRta racanAoM meM umAsvAti (dvitIya zatI) kA nAma sarvaprathama AtA hai| umAsvAti ne pAMca jJAnoM ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do pramANoM meM vibhakta kara diyA thaa| ve mati evaM zrutajJAna ko parokSa tathA avadhi, mana: paryava evaM kevalajJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa meM rakhate haiN| umAsvAti ke TIkAkAra pUjyapAda devanandI kA bhI isa dRSTi se pramANa-cintana ubharakara AtA hai aura ve pramANa kI paribhASA karate hai- pramiNoti pramIyate'nena pramitimAtraM vA prmaannm| AcArya samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA, yukyanuzAsana evaM svayambhUstotra meM Apta kI stuti karate hue anekAntavAda kA sthApana kiyA hai kintu kutracit pramANa kA svarUpa evaM Aptavacana kA svarUpa bhI nirUpita kiyA hai| zvetAmbara dArzanika mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne bauddha dArzanika diGnAga kA khaNDana karate samaya apanI racanA 'dvAdazAranayacakra' meM pramANa kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa kiyA hai / ve pramANa ko savikalpaka siddha karate haiM / 4 bhaTTa akalaMka ke pUrva sumati, pAtrakesarI Adi anya udbhaTa dArzanika bhI hue haiM kintu inakI kRtiyAM anupalabdha haiN| sumati evaM pAtrakesarI ke mata kA khaNDana bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ke tattvasaMgraha meM milatA hai| pAtrakesarI ne jaina hetu-lakSaNa kA sthApana karate hue bauddhoM dvArA mAnya trilakSaNa hetu kA khaNDana kiyA hai| pAtrakesarI kRta khaNDana kA eka zloka uttaravartI sabhI dArzanikoM ne apanAyA hai, vaha hai : anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim| nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim // sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha anyathAnupapatti svIkAra kI hai aura ise hI ve hetu kA lakSaNa svIkAra karate haiM / bhaTTa akalaMka ke anantara jaina naiyAyikoM meM vidyAnanda (775-840 I.) anantavIrya (950-990 I.), mANikyanandI (993-1053 I.), vAdirAja (1025 I.) prabhAcandra (980-1065 I.), Adi digambara tathA abhayadeva (10vIM zatI), vAdideva (1086-1169 I.) hemacandra (1088-1173 I) yazovijaya (satarahavIM zatI) Adi zvetAmbara dArzanika pramukha haiN| ina sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne bhaTTa akalaMka dvArA pratiSThita jaina nyAya ko parapakSa ke khaNDanapUrvaka uttarottara rUpa meM sthApita kiyA hai| siddhasena se lekara aba taka aneka pramANa-zAstrIya graMthoM evaM TIkAoM kA nirmANa ho cukA hai, unameM nyAyAvatAra, laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya, pramANa-parIkSA, prAkRta-sAhitya meM upalabdha jaina nyAya ke bIja 125
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________________ pramANanirNaya, parIkSAmukha, prameyakamala - mArttaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra pramANanayatattvAloka, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pramANa - mImAMsA, jaina tarka bhASA Adi pramukha haiM kintu ye sabhI saMskRta bhASA meM nirmita haiM / prAkRta bhASA meM Aja taka eka bhI pramANa-viSayaka kRti kA nirmANa nahIM huA / isakA kAraNa jainettara dArzanikoM ke sAtha vAda meM sammilita honA rahA hai / vidvAnoM evaM dArzanikoM ke pArasparika vicAra vinimaya kI bhASA usa samaya saMskRta thI / usI meM vicAroM kA AdAna pradAna hotA thA / isIlie bauddhoM ne bhI pAlibhASA ke sthAna para saMskRta bhASA meM dArzanika granthoM kI racanA prArambha kara dI thI / vicAraNIya viSaya yaha hai ki kyA saMskRta bhASA meM racita nyAyagraMthoM meM nirUpita pramANamImAMsA ke bIja prAkRta sAhitya meM upalabdha hai ? isa prazna kA uttara nissaMdeha hAM meM jAtA hai / jaina-nyAya kA samasta prAsAda Agama evaM Agametara prAkRta-sAhitya kI bhitti para khar3A hai| AgamoM meM prApta jJAna kA varNana hI jaina nyAya ke pratipAdana kA pramukha AdhAra banA hai / jaina nyAya meM pramANa kI jJAnAtmaka, vyavasAyAtmaka evaM svapara prakAzaka mAnA gayA hai| sva evaM para (padArtha) ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko jaina tArkikoM ne pramANa saMjJA dI hai| jaina kucha dArzanikoM ne samyagjJAna evaM tattvajJAna ko bhI pramANa kahA hai| naiyAyikoM ko abhISTa indriya evaM indriyArtha sannikarSa, sAMkhyasammata indriyavRtti, mImAMsakAbhimatajJAtRvyApAra evaM bauddhAbhimata nirvikalpaka jJAna jaina dArzanikoM ko pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkArya nahIM hai| jaina- dArzanika nirvikalpaka darzana ko pramANa nahIM mAnate kintu savikalpaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnate haiM / jJAna savikalpaka hI hotA hai aura darzana nirvikalpaka / isa prakAra jJAna hI jaina darzana meM pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huA hai / isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para nandIsUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatIsUtra, sthAnAMgasUtra Adi prAkRta AgamoM ko jaina pramANa-mImAMsA kA pramukha AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki inameM pAMca jJAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai / Abhinibodhika, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryAya aura kevala, ye pAMca jJAna jaina AgamoM meM prasiddha haiM / inakI prasiddhi bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM bhI thI, aisA rAjapraznIya sUtra se jJAta hotA hai / ye pAMca jJAna hI pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do pramANoM ke rUpa meM vibhakta hue haiM / AcArya umAsvAti ne mati evaM zruta jJAnoM ko parokSa pramANa meM tathA avadhi, mana: paryAya evaM kevalajJAna ko pratyakSa, pramANa meM samAviSTa kiyA hai / isakA AdhAra nandIsUtra evaM sthAnAMga sUtra meM milatA hai| vahAM para jJAna ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| vahAM pramANa ke ye vibhAjana nahIM haiM / nandIsUtra meM pratyakSa jJAna ko punaH zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha 126
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________________ do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-- indriya pratyakSa aura noiMdriya pratyakSa ke rUpa meM / 11 indriyapratyakSa ke punaH pAMca bheda kie gae haiM-- zrotrendriya pratyakSa, cakSu indriya pratyakSa aadi| noindriyapratyakSa meM avadhijJAna, manaHparyAya jJAna aura kevala jJAna ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai / 12 Abhinibodhika jJAna aura zrutajJAna ko parokSa jJAna ke bhedoM meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatI sUtra zataka ATha uddezaka do meM pAMca jJAnoM kA varNana hai / SaTkhaNDAgama meM jJAnAvaraNa karma kA vivecana karate samaya pAMca jJAnoM kA pratipAdana hai / inake alAvA kammapayaDi, evaM karmagraMthoM meM bhI paMcavidha jJAnoM kI carcA hai / yaha samasta jJAna carcA pramANacarcA kA aMga banI hai / pramANa meM jJAna kI vyavasAyAtmakatA svIkAra karane kA AdhAra jaina Agama sthAnAMgasUtra meM pramANa ke lie vyavasAya zabda kA prayukta honA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM vyavasAya ke tIna bheda haiM---pratyakSa, prAtyayika aura anugAmI / 13 TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri ke anusAra prAtyayika zabda se Agama pramANa evaM anugAmI zabda se anumAna pramANa kA bodha hotA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra ye hI tIna vyavasAya siddhasena ke 'nyAyAvatAra' evaM haribhadra ke 'anekAntajayapatAkA' graMthoM meM pratyakSa, anumAna evaM Agama ina tIna pramANoM ke rUpa meM nirUpita hue haiM / 14 vyavasAya zabda kA prayoga nyAyasUtra meM pratyakSa- lakSaNa ke antargata huA hai kintu vahAM vaha pramANa sAmAnya kA lakSaNa nahIM banA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM prayukta vyavasAya zabda pramANa- sAmAnya kA dyotaka hai| pramANa sva evaM para donoM kA vyavasAyaka hotA hai / isa mAnyatA kA prAkRta-sAhitya meM AdhAra AcArya kundakunda dvArA niyamasAra grantha meM pratipAdita jJAna kI svapara prakAzakatA hai / AcArya kundakunda prathama dArzanika haiM jinhoMne jJAna evaM darzana donoM ko svapara prakAzaka siddha kiyA hai| 15 AcArya siddhasena evaM samantabhadra bhI apane pramANa - lakSaNoM meM use svaparAvabhAsa kahate haiM / 16 yadyapi jJAna kI svapara prakAzakatA SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM vivAda kA viSaya rahI hai| vahAM AcArya vIrasena ne darzana ko svaprakAzaka evaM jJAna ko para (artha) prakAzaka svIkAra kiyA hai / 17 tathApi adhikatara dArzanika jJAna ko svaparaprakAzaka mAnate haiM isIlie pramANa ko svaparavyavasAyAtmaka pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| jJAna yA pramANa sva hai tathA usase bhinna sabhI padArtha para / jisa prakAra pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa ina do bhedoM kA AdhAra nandIsUtra evaM sthAnAMgasUtra meM pratipAdita jJAna ke paccakkha aura parokkha bheda haiM, usI prakAra pratyakSa ke sAMvyavahArika bheda kA AdhAra nandIsUtra evaM jinabhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM racita prAkRta-sAhitya meM upalabdha jaina nyAya ke bIja 127
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________________ vizeSAvazyaka bhASya hai| nandIsUtra meM indriya pratyakSa kA ullekha hai18 to jinabhadra ke vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM indriya evaM mana se hone vAle jJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM--iMdriyamaNobhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM 19 bhaTTa akalaMka ne saMbhava hai isI AdhAra para pratyakSa ke sAMvyavahArika evaM mukhya pratyakSa bheda kie haiN| jaina AgamoM meM pratipAdita avadhi, mana: paryAya evaM kevala jJAna AtmamAtra sApekSa haiM ata: inheM vAstavika, mukhya yA pAramArthika pratyakSa mAnA gayA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke prabhAva se hI saMbhavata: sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke indriya evaM anindriya ye do bheda kie ge|deg anindriya pratyakSa meM mAnasa pratyakSa arthAt mana se hone vAle pratyakSa ko sammilita kiyA gyaa| isase pUrva noindriya pratyakSa zabda pracalita thA jo apane meM avadhi Adi jJAnoM kA antarbhAva karatA thA, mana: pratyakSa kA nhiiN| Agama meM pratipAdita zrutajJAna hI Agama-pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huA hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM Agama-pramANa ke laukika aura lokAMtara ye do bheda pratipAdita haiM22, ye hI donoM bheda uttarakAla meM jainanyAya meM prasiddha hue haiN| zrutajJAna ke AdhAra para naya, nikSepa evaM syAdvAda kA nirUpaNa bhI jaina nyAya graMthoM kA viSaya banA hai| anekAntavAda kA sthApana karane vAle samantabhadra evaM siddhasena ke grantha isake lie preraNAsrota rahe haiN| smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka pramANa ke sthApana kA AdhAra prAkRta sAhitya meM anupalabdha hai| bhaTTa akalaMka ke isa naye sthApana kA AdhAra AcArya umAsvAti kA tattvArthasUtra hai, jisameM 'mati:smRti: saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram' sUtra ke antargata smRti, saMjJA, cintA, evaM abhinibodha zabdoM ko matijJAna kA paryAyArthaka batalAyA gayA hai| inameM se smRti, saMjJA evaM cintA zabdoM se bhaTTa akalaMka ne kramaza: smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka pramANoM kA udbhAvana kiyA hai / 22 abhinibodha zabda se ve anumAna pramANa ko lete haiM / isa prakAra smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM anumAna pramANa jo parokSa pramANa ke antargata vibhakta haiM, ve saba matijJAna ke hI vibhinna rUpa haiN| isa prakAra Agama meM nirUpita matijJAna yA Abhinibodhika jJAna jainanyAya meM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa evaM cAra vibhinna parokSa pramANoM meM vyApta hai| __ avagraha evaM IhAjJAna ko jainadArzanikoM dvArA pramANa kI koTi meM lie jAne kA kAraNa bhI pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka svIkAra karanA hai / avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA ye cAroM matijJAna ke bheda haiM / nandIsUtra meM inheM zruta-nizrita Abhinibodhika jJAna ke bheda mAnA gayA hai / ina cAra meM avagraha evaM IhAjJAna kI nizcayAtmakatA ko lekara jainadArzanika ekamata nahIM haiN| avagraha bhI phira do prakAra kA hai--vyaMjanAvagraha evaM arthAvagraha / inake svarUpa ke viSaya meM jainadArzanikoM meM ekarUpatA 128 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ dikhAI nahIM detii| avAya evaM dhAraNA kI nizcayAtmakatA sabako mAnya hai, usameM koI vivAda nahIM hai kintu avagraha evaM IhAjJAna kI nizcayAtmakatA ke sambandha meM do mata haiN| prathama mata Agamika dhArA kA anusaraNa karatA hai jisake anusAra avagraha jJAna nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotaa| isa mata ke pratipAdaka, umAsvAti, jinabhadra, siddhasenagaNi, yazovijaya Adi haiN| dvitIya mata pramANazAstrIya dhArA se prabhAvita hai jisake anusAra avagraha jJAna nizcayAtmaka hotA hai / isa mata ke samarthaka pUjyapAda devanandI, akalaMka, vidyAnandI, vAdi deva sUri Adi dArzanika haiN| yahAM para yaha dhyAtavya hai ki pramANa ko nizcayAtmaka jJAna mAnane para abhyasta dazA meM avagraha ko pramANa bhale hI mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu anabhyastadazA meM use pramANa mAnanA ucita nahIM ThaharatA hai| pramANa nirUpaNa meM kahIM jaina dArzanika Agama sApekSa rahe haiM to kahIM unhoMne apanI pratibhA ke bala se use vyavahArApekSI bhI banAyA hai| pramANa kA prayojana hI heyopAdeyatA kA jJAna karanA hai, ata: usakA vyavahArApekSa honA Avazyaka rhaa| ata: yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne samyagjJAna ko pramANa mAnakara bhI use saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya se rahita mAnA hai| Agama paramparA ke anusAra samyagdarzana se yukta jJAna samyagjJAna kahA jAtA hai jabaki vyavahAra meM sazaya viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya se rahita jJAna samyagjJAna hai aura use hI jaina naiyAyika pramANa rUpa meM prAtaSThita karate he / " isa prakAra jaina nyAya meM pramANa kA prAmANya samyagdarzana para nahIM apitu saMzayAdi doSoM kI rahitatA evaM saMvATakatA para nirbhara karatA hai| smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka pramANoM ko pratiSThita karanA tathA hetu ke kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara Adi bhedoM kA pratipAdana bhI jaina dArzanikoM kI sAMvyavahArika dRSTi ko spaTa karatA hai| AgamoM meM pratipAdita jJAna ko pramANa mAnane ke kAraNa janadArikoM ke samakSa eka samasyA bharakara AtI hai| AgamoM meM jJAna prakaTa hone kA sambandha jJAnAvarANa ke kSaya yA kSayopazama rUpa hai| jJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya yA kSayopazama hone para jJAna prakaTa hAtA hai, artha, Aloka Adi kI upama apekSA nahIM hotI / kintu pramANa ke sambandha meM aisA svIkAra karanA vyavahAra kA nakAranA hai| padArtha evaM prakAza bhI pramANa meM vyAvahArika nimitta hote he / yadi padArtha ko pramANa kA nimitta nahIM mAneMge to pramANa ke dvArA kise jAnA jA rahA hai, yaha nizcita nahIM ho skegaa| jJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya yA kSayopazama hone para bhI upalabdha padArtho kA hI jJAna hogA, anupalabdha padArthoM kA nahIM / jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se mAtra jAnane kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai, usasaM vasta kA jJAna nahIM ho jAtA / vastu kA jJAna karane ke lie vastu, Aloka, indriyAdi ko nimitta mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| ata: artha evaM Aloka kI kAraNatA kA jo jainadArzanika AgamApekSI hokara khaNTara prAkRta-sAhitya meM upalabdha jaina nyAya ke bIja 129
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________________ karate haiM25. vaha puna: vicAraNIya hai / 27 prAkRta-sAhitya meM pramANa kA sarvAdhika varNana anuyogadvAra sUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai| vahAM pramANa kA varNana jJAna ke varNana se svataMtra hai / pramANa kA prayoga vahAM mApana ke artha meM huA hai / anuyogadvAra sUtra meM chaha prakAra ke upakramoM AnupUrvI, nAma, pramANa, vaktavyatA, arthAdhikAra evaM samavatAra kA vistRta varNana milatA hai / 26 inameM jo pramANa upakrama hai usake cAra bheda kie gae haiM-- dravya - pramANa, kSetrapramANa, kAlapramANa aura bhAvapramANa inameM dravya, kSetra evaM kAla pramANa ke pradezaniSpanna evaM vibhAganiSpanna bheda karake unake upabhedoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai jinameM paramANu Adi dravya pramANa, AtmAMgula Adi kSetra pramANa, samaya, AvalikA Adi kAla pramANa ke rUpa meM nirUpita haiM / bhAvapramANa ke tIna bheda kie gae haiM--guNa, naya aura saMkhyA / guNa meM jIva evaM ajIva se sambandhita bheda kie gae haiN| phira jIva guNa tIna prakAra ke batAe gae haiM-- jJAna, darzana aura cAritra / inameM jJAnaguNapramANa ke cAra bheda kie gae haiM - ( 1 ) pratyakSa (2) anumAna (3) aupamya aura (4) Agama / 28 sthAnAMga sUtra meM inhIM cAra pramANoM ko cAra hetuoM ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI ina pratyakSAdi cAra pramANoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 30 sthAnAMga sUtra meM dravyapramANa, kSetrapramANa, kAlapramANa aura bhAvapramANa kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / 31 1 .29 AgamoM meM upalabdha dravya pramANa Adi bhedoM kA pratipAdana anyatra darzanagraMthoM meM nahIM milatA / pratyakSa Adi cAra pramANoM kA ullekha maharSi gautama ke nyAyasUtra evaM caraka kI saMhitA meM milatA hai / inameM kauna pUrvApara hai isa para vicAra karanA isa zodha patra kA pratipAdya nahIM hai kintu yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki anuyogadvAra sUtra meM ina cAra pramANoM kA jo bhedopabheda pUrvaka vistRta varNana milatA hai vaha gautama ke nyAyasUtra evaM caraka kI saMhitA meM nahIM miltaa| bauddhoM ke upAyahRdaya graMtha evaM anuyogadvAra sUtra meM isa dRSTi se kucha samAnatA hai tathApi anuyogadvAra sUtra apane viziSTa varNana ke kAraNa usase anekatra bhinnatA lie hue hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM pratyakSa ke do bheda prApta hote haiM-- indriya pratyakSa aura noindriya pratyakSa / ye donoM bheda jainetara darzanagraMthoM meM nahIM milte| anumAna ke pUrvavat, zeSavat evaM dRSTasAdharmyavat, bheda karate hue zeSavat ke kArya, kAraNa, guNa, avayava, evaM Azraya ke AdhAra para pAMca bheda kie gae haiN| 32 anuyogadvAra sUtra meM anumAna ke bhinna prakAra se bhI tIna bheda kie gae haiM--atIta kAla grahaNa, pratyutpanna kAla grahaNa, aura anAgata kAla grahaNa / ye tInoM bheda anyatra nahIM milte| aupamya ke sAdharmyApanIta evaM vaidharmyApanIta bheda karate hue pratyeka ke kiMcit, prAya: evaM sarva ke AdhAra para tIna tIna bheda kie zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha 130
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________________ gae haiN| Agama-pramANa ke laukika evaM lokottara ke atirikta tIna bheda bhI kie gae haiM--AtmAgama, anantarAgama aura prmpraagm|25 ___ anuyogadvAra sUtra meM pramANa para isa prakAra vipula sAmagrI upalabdha hai, tathApi ise jaina nyAya meM nahIMvat apanAyA gayA hai| bhadrabAhu kI niyuktiyAM bhI prAkRta-sAhitya kA aMga hai / dazavaikAlika sUtra kI niyukti meM bhadrabAhu ne anumAna vAkya ke avayavoM kI carcA karate hue usake do, tIna, pAMca aura dasa avayava batalAe haiM / do avayavoM meM pratijJA evaM udAharaNa, tIna meM pratijJA, hetu evaM udAharaNa, tathA pAMca avayavoM meM pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upasaMhAra aura nigamana ko svIkAra kiyA hai / dasa avayavoM kA prayoga do prakAra se pratipAdita hai| prathama prakAra meM pratijJA, pratijJA-vizuddhi hetu, hetu-vizuddhi, dRSTAnta, dRSTAntavizuddhi, upasaMhAra, upasaMhAravizuddhi, nigamana evaM nigamanavizuddhi ko ginAyA gayA hai tathA dvitIya prakAra meM pratijJA, pratijJA-vibhakti, hetu, hetu-vibhakti, vipakSa, pratisedha, dRSTAnta, AzaMkA, tatpratiSedha, aura nigamana kA ullekha hai|36 bhadrabAhu ke dvArA pratipAdita avayavoM ke vibhinna bhedoM se jainadArzanikoM ko do, tIna yA pAMca avayava svIkAra karane meM preraNA milI hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki Agama Adi prAkRta-sAhitya meM pramANa kA jo svataMtra nirUpaNa hai vaha jaina-nyAya ke pramANa-nirUpaNa kA pramukha AdhAra nahIM banA hai| pramukha AdhAra banA hai jainAgamoM meM pratipAdita mati, zruta, Adi pAMca jJAnoM kA varNana / ina pAMca jJAnoM ke varNana kA uttaravartI prAkRtasAhitya meM jo vikAsa huA vaha bhI jaina pramANa-mImAMsA ke pratipAdana evaM vyavasthApana meM sahAyaka siddha huA hai| jJAna ko pramANa svIkAra karane ke kAraNa jainadArzanikoM ne AgamAnukUla rahane kA prayAsa avazya kiyA hai, kintu pramANa ko heyopAdeya ke vyavahAra se jor3ane ke kAraNa usake svarUpa meM unhoMne vyavasAyAtmakatA, saMzayaviparyayAdi se rahitatA Adi navIna vizeSatAoM kA yojana bhI kiyA hai| yahI nahIM pramANa ko sAMvyavahArika rUpa dene ke lie smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka ko bhI pramANa aMgIkRta kiyA hai| Agama kI sAraNI ko chor3akara indriya se hone vAle jJAna ko bhI pratyakSa kI zreNi meM liyA hai| tathApi jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama mAtra se artha kA jJAna honA svIkAra karane tathA padArtha evaM Aloka Adi kAraNoM kA nirasana karane se unakI AgamApekSa buddhi hI sphuTita hotI hai| avagraha evaM IhAjJAna ko pramANa kI koTi meM sammilita karanA bhI jainadArzanikoM kI Agamika saraNi ko spaSTa karatA ata: jaina pramANa-mImAMsA kA jo prAsAda khar3A huA hai usakI bhitti AgamoM meM nirUpita prAkRta-sAhitya meM upalabdha jaina nyAya ke bIja 131
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________________ jJAna para hI TikI huI hai| Agama meM pratipAdita bIja hI jaina nyAya kA vaTavRkSa bane haiM, isako svIkAra karane meM kisI ko saMkoca nahIM honA caahie| sandarbha 1. Adye parokSam / pratyakSama-t / tattvArthasUtra 1.11-12 2. sarvArthasiddhi (bhAratIya jJAnapITha) 1.10 pR. 69 3. AptamImAMsA, 101, svayambhUstotra, 63, yuktyanuzAH ni, 48 4. dvAdazAranayacakra (jambavijaya sapAdita) bhAga 1.pa.58se 77 5. tattvasaMgraha, 1263-1283 evaM 1363-1428.. 6. uddhRta, akalaMka, nyAyavinizcaya 2.154-55, vidyAnanda, pramANaparIkSA, pR.49 vAdidevasUri, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 521, hemacandra, pramANamImAsA, pR. 40 7. parIkSAmukha 1.1, pramANanayatattvAloka 1.2 8. pramANaparIkSA, pR. 1, AptamImAMsA, 101 9. rAjapraznIya sUtra, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, pR. 160 sUtra 241 10. (a) duviha nANa paNNatte, paccakkhe caiva parokkha ceva / -sthAnAMga sUtra 103, suttAgame, pR. 18 / (ba) taM samAsao duvihaM paNNanaM, ta jahA paccakkhaM ca parokkhaM ca / nandIsUtra 2 11. nandImatra, 3 eta anuyogadvAra sUtra, jIva guNa pramANadvAra / 12. nantI patra evaM 5 13. sthAnAga sUtra, 245 suttAgame, pR. 215 10. Agama yuga kA jainadarzana, pR. 138-39 15. niyamasAra, 161-171 16. pramANaM svaparAvabhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam- nyAyAvatAra / svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam- svayaMbhU stotra, 63 17. dhavalApustaka, 1,7, evaM 13 18. nandIsUtra,3 19. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 95 20. laghIyastraya, 3 tatra sAMvyavahArikam, indriyaanindriyprtykssm| mukhyamatIndriyajJAnam laghIyastrayavRtti 4, akalaMkagrantha traya pR. 9 21. se ki taM noiMdriya paccakkhaM? noiMdriya paccakkhaM tivihaM paNNattaM taM jahA-ohiNANa- paccakkhaM, maNapajjavaNANa paccakkhaM, kevalaNANapaccakkhaM |-nndiisuutr, 5 22. Agame duvihe paNNate / ta jahA- loie ya loguttarie ya / -anuyogadvAra sUtra, 467 23. akalaMkagrantha trayam pR.5 132 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ 24. pramANaparIkSA, pR.5 25. nArthA loko kAraNaM paricchedyatvAt tamovat / -parIkSAmukha 2.6 26. ahavA uvakkame chabihe paNNatte / taM jahA- ANupuvI nAma pamANaM vattavvayA atthAhigAre samoyAre / -anuyogadvAra sUtra, 92 27. pamANe cauvihe paNNatte / taM jahA- davvappamANe khettappamANe kAlappamANe bhAvappamANe / --anuyogadvAra sUtra, 313 28. draSTavya, anuyoga dvAra sUtra, pramANAdhikAra nirUpaNa 29. ahavA heU cauvihe paNNatte, taM jahA- paccakkhe, aNubhANe, ovamme, aagme| -sthAnAMgasUtra, 338 30. bhagavatIsUtra 5.3.191-192 31. sthAnAMga sUtra, 258 32. anuyoga dvAra sUtra, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, pramANAdhikAra 33. anuyogadvAra sUtra, 450 34. vahI, 458-466 35. ahavA Agame tivihe paNNatte / taM jahA-attAgame aNaMtarAgame prNpraagmey| anuyAgadvArasUtra, 469 36. dazavaikAlika niyukti, 50 prAkRta-sAhitya meM upalabdha jaina nyAya ke bIja 133