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________________ prAcIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA - pro. sAgaramala jaina cArvAka yA lokAyata darzana kA bhAratIya dArzanika cintana meM bhautikavAdI darzana ke rUpa meM viziSTa sthAna hai| bhAratIya cintana meM bhautikavAdI jIvana dRSTi kI upasthiti ke pramANa ati prAcIna kAla se hI upalabdha hone lagate haiN| bhArata kI pratyeka dhArmika evaM dArzanika cintana dhArA ne usakI samAlocanA kI hai| jaina dhArmika evaM dArzanika sAhitya meM mahAvIra ke yuga se lekara Aja taka lagabhaga 2500 varSa kI sudIrgha kAlAvadhi meM isa vicAradhArA kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samAlocanA hotI rahI hai| isa samagra vistRta carcA ko prastuta nibandha meM sameTa pAnA sambhava nahIM hai, ataH hama prAkRta Agama sAhitya taka hI apanI isa carcA ko sImita rkheNge| isa prAcInatama prAkRta Agama sAhitya meM mukhyatayA 'AcArAMga 'sUtrakRtAMga, 'uttarAdhyayana' aura 'RSibhASita' ko samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye sabhI grantha I0 pU0 pA~cavIM zatI se lekara tIsarI ke bIca nirmita hue haiM, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| isake atirikta upAMga sAhitya ke eka grantha 'rAjapraznIya' ko bhI hamane isa carcA meM samAhita kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'rAjapraznIyaM kA vaha bhAga jo cArvAka darzana kA prastutIkaraNa aura samIkSA karatA hai eka to cArvAka darzana kI sthApanA evaM samIkSA donoM hI dRSTi se ati samRddha hai, dUsare atiprAcIna bhI mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki ThIka isI carcA kA bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM buddha aura rAjA payAsI ke bIca hone kA ullekha hameM milatA hai| 2 jaina paramparA meM isa carcA ko pArzvapatya paramparA ke mahAvIra ke samakAlIna AcArya kezIkumAra zramaNa aura rAjA payAsI aura bauddha tripiTaka meM payAsI ke bIca sampanna huA batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi kucha jaina AcAryoM ne payAsI kA saMskRta rUpa pradezI mAna liyA hai kintu devavAcaka, siddhasenagaNi, malayagiri aura municandrasUri ne rAjA prasenajita ko hI mAnA hai, jo aitihAsika dRSTi se adhika prAmANika lagatA hai| prasenajita ko zvetAmbikA (seyaviyA) nagarI kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai jo itihAsa - siddha hai| unakA sArathi citta kezIkumAra ko zrAvastI se yahA~ kevala isIliye lekara AyA thA ki rAjA kI bhautikavAdI jIvana-dRSTi ko parivartita kiyA jA ske| 'kathAvastu kI prAcInatA, prAmANikatA tathA tArkikatA kI dRSTi se hI ise bhI prastuta vivecana meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai / prastuta vivecanA meM mukhya rUpa se cArvAka darzana ke tajjIvataccharIravAda ke evaM paraloka tathA puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNAoM ke usake dvArA kiye gaye khaNDanoM ke prastutIkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha unakI ina AgamoM meM upalabdha samIkSAe~ bhI prastuta kI gaI hai| isase bhI 'RSibhASitaM ( I0 pU0 cauthI zatI) meM bhautikavAdI jIvana-dRSTi kA jo prastutIkaraNa hai, vaha uparyukta vivaraNa se kucha viziSTa prakAra kA hai| usameM jo daNDokkala, rajjUkkala, stenAkkala,
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________________ prAcIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutikaraNa evaM samIkSA : 47 desokkala sancokkala ke nAma se bhautivAdiyoM ke pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha hai, vaha anyatra kisI bhI bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| isI prakAra 'sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha evaM rAjapraznIya meM cArvAka darzana kI sthApanA aura khaNDana donoM ke lie jo tarka prastuta kiye gaye haiM ve bhI mahattvapUrNa kahe jA sakate haiN| isake atirikta prAkRta Agamika-vyAkhyA sAhitya meM mukhyataH 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya (chaThI zatI) ke 'gaNadharavAda meM lagabhaga 500 gAthAoM meM bhautikavAdI cArvAka darzana kI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM kI jo samIkSA mahAvIra aura gautama Adi 11 gaNadharoM ke madhya hue vAda-vivAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai, vaha bhI dArzanika dRSTi se ati mahattvapUrNa kahI jA sakatI hai| anya Agamika saMskRta TIkAoM (10vIM-11vIM zatI ) meM bhI cArvAka darzana kI jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kI gaI samIkSAoM kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI upalabdha hai| ina AgamoM kI prAkRta evaM saMskRta Agamika vyAkhyAoM, yathA-niyukti, bhASyacUrNi, vRtti, TIkA Adi ke atirikta jaina dArzanika granthoM meM bhI bhautikavAdI jIvana- dRSTi kI samIkSAe~ upalabdha hai| kintu ina sabako to kisI eka svatantra grantha meM hI sameTA jA sakatA hai| ataH isa nibandha kI sImA maryAdAoM kA dhyAna rakhate hue hama apanI vivecanA ko pUrva nirdezita prAcIna stara ke prAkRta AgamoM taka hI sImita rkheNge| 'AcArAMga' meM lokasaMjJA ke rUpa meM lokayata darzana kA nirdeza jaina AgamoM meM 'AcArAMga' kA prathama zrutaskandha atiprAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| vidvAnoM meM aisI mAnyatA hai ki isa grantha meM svayaM mahAvIra ke vacanoM kA saMkalana huA hai| isakA racanAkAlacauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 pa0 mAnA jAtA hai| 'AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se lokAyata darzana kA ullekha to nahIM hai kintu isa grantha kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| sUtra ke prArambha meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha logoM ko yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki merI AtmA aupapAtika ( purnajanma karane vAlI) hai| maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~ aura yahA~ se apanA jIvana samApta karake kahA~ janma grahaNa karU~gA ? satrakAra kahatA hai ki vyakti ko yaha jAnanA cAhie ki merI AtmA aupapAti (punarjanma grahaNa karane vAlI ) hai jo ina dizAoM aura vidizAoM meM saMcaraNa karatI hai aura vahI 'maiM hU~, vastutaH jo yaha jAnatA hai vahI AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI hai| isa prakAra isa grantha ke prArambha meM cArvAka darzana kI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha cAra bAtoM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai -- AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura kriyaavaad| AtmA kI svatantra aura nitya sattA ko svIkAra karanA AtmavAda hai| saMsAra meM yathArtha AtmA ko loka meM janma-maraNa karane vAlA samajhanA lokavAda hai| zubhAzubha karmoM ko kartA-bhoktA evaM pariNAmI (vikArI) mAnanA kriyAvAda hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga meM lokasaMjJA kA parityAga karake ina siddhAntoM meM vizvAsa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki 'AcArAMga meM lokAyata yA cArvAka darzana kA nirdeza "loka saMjJA" ke rUpa meM huA hai| yadyapi isameM ina mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA to kI gaI hai kintu usakI koI tArkika bhUmikA prastuta nahIM kI gaI hai| 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM lokAyata darzana 'AcArAMga ke pazcAt 'sUtrakRtAMga kA krama AtA hai| isake prathama zrutaskandha ko bhI
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________________ 48 : pro. sAgaramala jaina vidvAnoM ne atiprAcIna (lagabhaga I0 pU0 cauthI zatI) mAnA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyAya meM hameM cArvAka darzana ke paMcamahAbhUtavAda aura tajjIvataccharIravAda ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| isameM paMcamahAbhUtavAda ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pRthvI, apa, tejasa, vAyu aura AkAza aise pA~ca mahAbhUta mAne gaye haiN| una pA~ca mahAbhUtoM se hI prANI kI utpatti hotI hai aura deha kA vinAza hone para dehI kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki vyakti cAhe mUrkha ho yA paNDita pratyeka kI apanI AtmA hotI hai jo mRtyu ke bAda nahIM rhtii| prANI aupapAtika arthAt purnajanma grahaNa karane vAle nahIM hai| zarIra kA nAza hone para dehI arthAt AtmA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| isa loka se pare na to koI loka hai aura na puNya aura paap| isa prakAra sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM cArvAka darzana kI mAnyatAe~ parilakSita nahIM hotI haiN| yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM cArvAka darzana kI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai, kintu vidvAnoM ne use kiMcit paravartI mAnA hai| ataH usake pUrva hama 'uttarAdhyayana' kA vivaraNa prastuta kreNge| isameM cArvAka darzana ko jana-zraddhA (jana-saddhi) kahA gayA hai|10 sambhavataH loka saMjJA aura jana-zraddhA, ye lokAyata darzana ke hI pUrva nAma ho| 'uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki ye sAMsArika viSaya hI hamAre pratyakSa ke viSaya hai| paraloka ko to hamane dekhA hI nhiiN| vartamAna ke kAma-bhoga hastagata hai jabaki bhaviSya meM milane vAle (svarga-sukha) anAgata arthAt saMdigdha haiN| kauna jAnatA hai ki paraloka hai bhI yA nahIM ? isalie maiM to jana-zraddhA ke sAtha hokara rhuuNgaa|1 isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana ke paMcama adhyAya meM cArvAkoM kI purnajanma ke niSedha kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha evaM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana ke caudahaveM adhyAya meM bhI cArvAko ke asat se sat kI utpatti ke siddhAnta kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki cArvAkoM kA paMcamahAbhUta se cetanA kI utpatti kA siddhAnta vastutaH asat se sat kI utpatti kA siddhAnta hai| yadyapi 'uttarAdhyayana meM asatkAryavAda kA jo udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha asatkAryavAda ke pakSa meM na jAkara satkAryavAda ke pakSa meM hI jAtA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jaise -- araNi meM agni, dUdha meM ghRta aura tila meM tela asat hokara bhI utpanna hotA hai, usI prakAra zarIra meM jIva bhI asat hokara hI utpanna hotA hai aura usa zarIra kA nAza ho jAne para vaha bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| 2 sambhavataH 'uttarAdhyayana meM cArvAkoM ke asatkAryavAda kI sthApanA ke pakSa meM ye satkAryavAda kI siddhi karane vAle udAharaNa isIliye diye gaye hoM ki inakI samAlocanA saralatApUrvaka kI jA ske| 'uttarAdhyayana meM AtmA ko amUrta hone ke kAraNa indriya grAhya nahIM mAnA gayA hai, amUrta hone se nitya kahA gayA hai| uparokta vivaraNa se cArvAkoM ke sandarbha meM nimnalikhita jAnakArI milatI hai-- 1. cArvAka darzana ko "loka-saMjJA" aura "jana-zraddhA" ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA thaa| 2. cArvAka darzana AtmA ko svatantra tattva nahIM mAnatA thaa| vaha paMcamahAbhUtoM se cetanA kI utpatti batAtA thaa|
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________________ prAdhIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutikaraNa evaM samIkSA : 49 3. isI kAraNa vaha asatkAryavAda arthAt asat se sat kI utpatti ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karatA thaa| 4. zarIra ke nAza ke sAtha AtmA ke vinAza ko svIkAra tathA punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko asvIkAra karatA thaa| punarjanma kI asvIkRti ke sAtha-sAtha vaha paraloka arthAt svarga-naraka kI sattA ko bhI asvIkRta karatA thaa| 5. vaha puNya pApa arthAt zubhAzubha karmoM ke zubhAzubha phaloM ko bhI asvIkAra karatA thA, ataH karma siddhAnta kA virodhI thaa| 6. usa yuga meM dArzanikoM kA eka varga akriyAvAda kA samarthaka thaa| jainoM ke anusAra akriyAvAdI ve dArzanika the, jo AtmA ko akartA aura kUTasthanitya mAnate the| AtmavAdI hokara bhI zubhAzubha karmoM ke zubhAzubha phala (karma siddhAnta) ke niSedhaka hone se ye pracchanna cArvAkI hI the| isa prakAra AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura uttarAdhyayana meM cArvAka darzana ke jo ullekha hameM upalabdha hote haiM, ve mAtra usakI avadhAraNAoM ko saMkSepa meM prastuta karate haiN| unameM isa darzana kI mAnyatAoM se sAdhaka ko vimukha karane ke lie itanA to avazya kahA gayA hai ki yaha vicAradhArA samIcIna nahIM hai| kintu ina granthoM meM cArvAka darzana kI mAnyatAoM kA prastutIkaraNa aura nirasana donoM hI na to tArkika hai aura na vistRta / 'vibhASita meM prastuta cArvAka darzana14 maSibhASita kA bIsavA~ "ukkala" nAmaka sampUrNa adhyayana hI cArvAka darzana kI mAnyatAoM aura tajjIktaccharIravAda kA tArkika prastutIkaraNa isa prakAra karatA hai-- jIva "pAdatala se Upara se mastaka ke kezAgra se nIce tathA sampUrNa zarIra kI tvacAparyanta AtmaparyAya ko prApta ho jIvana jItA hai aura itanA hI mAtra jIvana hai| jisa prakAra bIja ke bhuna jAne para usase punaH aMkura kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai, usI prakAra zarIra ke dagdha ho jAne para usase punaH zarIra kI utpatti nahIM hotii| isIlie jIvana itanA hI hai ( arthAt zarIra kI utpatti se vinAza taka kI kAlAvadhi paryanta hI jIvana hai)| na to paraloka hai na sukRta aura duSkRta karmoM kA phala vipAka hai| jIva kA punarjanma bhI nahIM hotA hai| puNya aura pApa jIva kA saMsparza nahIM karate aura isa taraha kalyANa aura pApa niSphala hai|" 'RSibhASita meM cArvAkoM kI isa mAnyatA kI samIkSA karate hue punaH kahA gayA hai ki "pAdatala se Upara tathA mastaka ke kezAna se nIce aura zarIra kI sampUrNa tvacA paryanta AtmaparyAya ko prApta yaha jIva hai, yaha maraNa zIla hai, kintu jIvana itanA hI nahIM hai| jisa prakAra bIja ke jala jAne para usase punaH utpatti nahIM hotI usI prakAra zarIra ke dagdha ho jAne para bhI usase punaH utpatti nahIM hotii| isalie puNya-pApa kA agrahaNa hone se sukha-dukha kI sambhAvanA kA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura pApa karma ke abhAva meM zarIra ke dahana se zarIra ke dagdha hone para punaH zarIra kI utpatti nahIM hotI arthAt punarjanma nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra vyakti mukti prApta kara letA hai| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki granthakAra cArvAkoM ke unake hI tarka kA upayoga karake yaha siddha kara detA hai ki
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________________ 50: pro. sAgaramala jaina puNya-pApa se Upara uThakara vyakti punarjanma ke cakra se mukti pA letA hai| 15 isa grantha meM cArvAka darzana ke sandarbha meM sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki isameM karmasiddhAnta kA utthApana karane vAle cArvAkoM ke pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai aura ye prakAra anya dArzanika granthoM meM milane vAle dehAtmavAda indriyAtmavAda, manaH AtmavAda Adi prakAroM se bhinna haiM aura sambhavataH anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| isameM nimna pA~ca prakAra ke ukkaloM kA ullekha hai daNDokkala, rajjUkkala, stenokkala, dezokkala aura savvukkala / isa prasaMga meM sabase pahale to yahI vicAraNIya hai ki ukkala zabda kA vAstavika artha kyA hai ? prAkRta ke ukkala zabda ko saMskRta meM nimna cAra zabdoM se niSpanna mAnA jA sakatA hai| utkaTa, utkala, utkula aura utkuul| saMskRta kozoM meM utkaTa zabda kA artha unmatta diyA gayA hai / cArvAka darzanAnusAra adhyAtmavAdiyoM kI dRSTi se ukkala kA saMskRta rUpa utkaTa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| usake sthAna para utkala, utkUla yA utkula mAnanA adhika samIcIna hai| utkala kA artha hai jo nikAlA gayA ho, isI prakAra utkula zabda kA tAtparya hai jo kula se nikAlA gayA hai yA jo kula se bahiSkRta hai| 16 cArvAkagaNa AdhyAtmika paramparAoM se bahiSkRta mAne jAte the, isI dRSTi se unheM utkala yA utkula kahA gayA hogA / yadi hama ise utkUla se niSpanna mAneM to isakA artha hogA kinAre se alaga haTA huaa| "kUla" zabda kinArA artha meM prayukta hotA hai, arthAt jo kinAre se alaga hokara arthAt maryAdAoM ko tor3akara apanA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha ukkala hai cU~ki cArvAka naitika maryAdAoM ko asvIkAra karate the ataH unheM utkUla kahA gayA hogaa| aba hama ina ukkaloM ke pA~ca prakAroM kI carcA kareMge- (i) daNDokkala ye vicAraka daNDa ke dRSTAMta dvArA yaha pratipAdita karate the ki jisa prakAra daNDa ke Adi, madhya aura antima bhAga pRthak-pRthak hokara daNDa saMjJA ko prApta nahIM hotA hai usI prakAra zarIra se bhinna hokara jIva, jIva nahIM hotA hai| ataH zarIra ke nAza ho jAne para bhava arthAt janma-paramparA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| unake anusAra sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hokara jIva jIvana ko prApta hotA hai| 17 vastutaH zarIra aura jIvana kI apRthakatA yA sAmudAyikatA hI ina vicArakoM kI mUlabhUta dArzanika mAnyatA thI / daNDokkala dehAtmavAdI the| (ii) rajjUkkala rajjUkkalavAdI yaha mAnate haiM ki jisa prakAra rajju tantuoM kA samudAya mAtra hai usI prakAra jIva bhI paMcamahAbhUtoM kA skandha mAtra hai| una skandhoM ke vicchinna hone para bhava-santati kA bhI viccheda ho jAtA hai| 18 vastutaH ye vicAraka paMcamahAbhUtoM ke samUha kA hI jagat kA mUla tattva mAnate the aura jIva ko svatantra tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate the| rajjUkkala skandhavAdI the /
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________________ (iii) stenokkala 'RSibhASita' ke anusAra stenokkala bhautikavAdI anya zAstroM ke dRSTAntoM ko lekara unakI svapakSa meM udbhAvanA karake yaha kahate the ki yaha hamArA kathana hai| 19 isa prakAra ye dUsaroM ke siddhAntoM kA uccheda karate haiN| parapakSa ke dRSTAntoM kA svapakSa meM prayoga ke tAtparya sambhavataH vAda-vivAda meM "chala" kA prayoga ho / sambhavataH stenokkala yA to naiyAyikoM ke koI pUrva rUpa rahe hoMge yA saMjayavelaTThIputra ke siddhAnta kA yaha prAcIna koI vidhAyaka rUpa thA, jo sambhavataH Age calakara jainoM ke anekAntavAda kA AdhAra banA ho / jJAtavya hai ki RSibhASita meM dehAtmavAdiyoM ke tarkoM se mukti kI prakriyA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| (iv) dezokkala 'RSibhASita' meM jo AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karake bhI jIva ko akartA mAnate the unheM dezokkala kahA gayA hai| 20 AtmA ko akartA mAnane para puNya-pApa bandhana - mokSa kI vyavasthA nahIM bana pAtI hai| isalie isa prakAra ke vicArakoM ko bhI AMzika rUpa se ucchedavAdI hI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki puNya-pApa, sambhavataH 'RSibhASita' hI eka aisA grantha hai jo Atma akartAvAdiyoM ko ucchedavAdI kahatA hai| vastutaH ye sAMkhya aura aupaniSadika vedAnta ke hI pUrva rUpa the| jaina unheM utkUla yA ucchedavAdI isalie mAnate the ki ina mAnyatAoM se lokavAda ( loka kI yathArthatA) karmavAda (karma siddhAnta ) aura Atma kartAvAda (kriyAvAda ) kA khaNDana hotA thA / ( 4 ) savbukkala prAcIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA : 51 sarvotkUla sarvadA abhAva se hI sabakI utpatti batAte the| aisA koI bhI tattva nahIM hai jo sarvadhA sarva prakAra se sarvakAla se rahatA ho| isa prakAra ye sarvocchedavAda kI saMsthApanA karate the| 21 dUsare zabdoM meM jo loga samasta sRSTi ke pIche kisI nitya tattva ko svIkAra nahIM karate the aura abhAva se hI sRSTi kI utpatti mAnate the ve kahate the ki koI bhI tattva aisA nahIM hai jo sarvathA aura sarvakAloM meM astitva rakhatA ho / saMsAra ke mUla meM kisI bhI sattA ko asvIkAra karane ke kAraNa ye sarvocchedavAdI kahalAte the / sambhavataH yaha bauddha granthoM meM sUcita ucdavAdI dRSTi kA koI prAcInatama rUpa thA jo tArkikatA se yukta hokara bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hogA / isa prakAra 'RSibhASita meM AtmA, punarjanma, dharma-vyavasthA evaM karma siddhAnta ke apalApaka vicArakoM kA jo citraNa upalabdha hotA hai use saMkSepa meM isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai -- 1. granthakAra uparokta vicArakoM ko "ukkala" nAma se abhihita karatA hai jisake saMskRta rUpa utkala, utkula athavA utkUla hote haiM, nAma detA hai jinake artha hote haiM bahiSkRta yA maryAdA kA ullaMghana karane vAlA, ina vicArakoM ke sambandha meM isa nAma kA anyatra kahIM prayoga huA hai aisA hameM jJAta nahIM hotA /
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________________ 52 : pro. sAgaramala jaina 2. isameM ina vicArakoM ke pA~ca varga batAye gaye haiM --- daNDotkala, rajjatkala, stenotkala, dezotkala aura srvotkl| vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM skandhavAdiyoM (bauddha skandhavAda kA pUrva rUpa) sarvocchedavAdiyoM (bauddha zUnyavAda kA pUrva rUpa) aura Atma-akartAvAdiyoM ( akriyAvAdiyoM-sAMkhya aura vedAnta kA pUrva rUpa ) ko bhI isI varga meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai kyoMki ye sabhI karma siddhAnta evaM dharma vyavasthA ke apalApaka mAne gaye haiN| yadyapi Atma-akartAvAdiyoM ko dezotkala kahA gayA hai arthAt AMzika rUpa se apalApaka kahA gayA hai| 3. isameM zarIra paryanta Atma-paryAya mAnane kA jo siddhAnta prastuta kiyA gayA hai vahI jainoM dvArA AtmA ko deha parimANa mAnane ke siddhAnta kA pUrva rUpa pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki isa granya meM zarIrAtmavAda ke nirAkaraNa ke samaya isa kathana ke svapakSa meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isameM jaina, bauddha aura sAMkhya tathA aupaniSadika vedAnta kI dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke pUrva spa yA bIja parilakSita hote haiN| kahIM aisA to nahIM hai ki ina mAnyatAoM ko susaMgata banAne ke prayAsa meM hI ina darzanoM kA udaya huA ho| 4. isameM jo dehAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai vaha Thosa tArkika AdhAroM para sthita nahIM hai| mAtra yaha kaha diyA gayA hai ki jIva kA jIvana zarIra kI utpatti aura vinAza kI kAla sImA taka sImita nahIM hai| 'sUtrakRtAMga (dvitIya zrutaskandha) meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA-2 cArvAkoM athavA tajjIvataccharIravAdiyoM ke pakSa kA tArkika dRSTi se prastutIkaraNa aura usakI tArkika samIkSA kA prayatna jaina Agama sAhitya meM sarvaprathama sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya pauDika nAmaka adhyayana meM aura usake pazcAt 'rAjapraznIyasUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai| aba hama 'sUtrakRtAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha ke AdhAra para tajjIvataccharIravAdiyoM ke pakSa kA prastutIkaraNa aura usakI samIkSA prastuta kreNge| tajjIvataccharIravAdI yaha pratipAdita karate haiM ki pAdatala se Upara mastaka ke kezoM ke agrabhAga se nIce tathA samasta tvakparyanta jo zarIra hai vahI jIva hai| isa zarIra ke jIvita rahane taka hI yaha jIva jIvita rahatA hai aura zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para naSTa ho jAtA hai| isalie zarIra ke astitvaparyanta hI jIvana kA astittva hai| isa siddhAnta ko yuktiyukta samajhanA caahie| kyoMki jo loga yuktipUrvaka yaha pratipAdita karate haiM ki zarIra anya hai aura jIva anya hai, ve jIva aura zarIra ko pRthaka-pRthaka karake nahIM dikhA skte| ve yaha bhI nahIM batA sakate ki AtmA dIrgha hai yA hasva hai| vaha parimaNDalAkAra athavA gola hai| vaha kisa varNa aura kisa gandha se yukta hai athavA vaha bhArI hai, halkA hai, snigdha hai yA rukSa hai| ataH jo loga jIva aura zarIra ko bhinna nahIM mAnate unakA hI mata yuktisaMgata hai kyoMki jIva aura zarIra ko nimnokta padArthoM kI taraha pRthaka-pRthaka karake nahIM dikhAyA jA sakatA, yathA --- 1. talavAra aura myAna kI taraha, 2. muMja aura iSikA kI taraha, 3. mAMsa aura
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________________ prAcIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutikaraNa evaM samIkSA : 53 haDDI kI taraha, 4. hathelI aura A~vale kI taraha, 5. dahI aura makkhana kI taraha, 6. tila kI khalI aura tela kI taraha, 7. Ikha ke rasa aura usake chilake kI taraha evaM 8. araNi kI lakar3I aura Aga kI trh| isa prakAra jainAgamoM ke prastuta grantha meM hI sarvaprathama dehAtmavAdiyoM ke dRSTikoNa ko tArkika spa se prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| punaH unakI dehAtmavAdI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para unakI nIti sambandhI avadhAraNAoM ko nimna zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai-- yadi zarIra mAtra hI jIva hai to paraloka nahIM hai| isI prakAra kriyA, akriyA, sukRta, duSkRta, kalyANa, pApa, bhalA-burA, siddhi-asiddhi, svarga-naraka Adi bhI nahIM hai| ataH prANiyoM ke vadha karane, bhUmi ko khodane, vanaspatiyoM ko kATane, agni ko jalAne, bhojana pakAne Adi kriyAoM meM bhI koI pApa nahIM hai| prastuta grantha meM dehAtmavAda kI yuktiyukta samIkSA na karake mAtra yaha kahA gayA hai ki aise loga hamArA hI dharma satya hai aisA pratipAdana karate haiM aura zramaNa hokara bhI sAMsArika bhoga vilAsoM meM phaMsa jAte haiN| isI adhyAya meM punaH paMcamahAbhUtavAdiyoM tathA paMcamahAbhUta aura chaThA~ AtmA mAnane vAle sAMkhyoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| prastuta grantha kI sUcanA ke anusAra paMcamahAbhUtavAdI spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnate the ki isa jagat meM paMcamahAbhUta hI saba kucha hai| jinase hamArI kriyAakiyA, sukRta-duSkRta, kalyANa-pApa, acchA-burA, siddhi-asiddhi, naraka gati yA naraka ke atirikta anyagati, adhika kahA~ taka kaheM tinake ke hilane jaisI kriyA bhI ( inhIM paMcamahAbhUtoM se) hotI hai| usa bhUta samavAya ( samUha ) ko pRthak-pRthak nAma se jAnanA cAhie jaise ki pRthvI eka mahAbhUta hai, jala dUsarA mahAbhUta hai, teja tIsarA mahAbhUta hai, vAyu cauthA mahAbhUta hai aura AkAza pA~cavA mahAbhUta hai| ye pA~ca mahAbhUta kisI kartA ke dvArA nirmita nahIM hai na hI ye kisI kartA dvArA banavAye hue haiM, ye kiye hue nahIM hai na hI ye kRtrima hai aura na ye apanI utpatti ke lie kisI kI apekSA rakhate haiN| ye pA~coM mahAbhUta Adi evaM anta rahita hai, tathA avandhya-Avazyaka kArya karane vAle haiN| inheM kArya meM pravRtta karane vAlA koI dUsarA padArtha nahIM hai, ye svatantra evaM zAzvata haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki jainAgamoM meM aisA koI bhI sandarbha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai jisameM mAtra cAra mahAbhUta (AkAza ko chor3akara ) mAnane vAle cArvAkoM kA ullekha huA ho| prastuta grantha meM paMcamahAbhUtavAdiyoM ke uparokta vicAroM ke sAtha-sAtha paMcamahAbhUta aura chaThA AtmA aise chaH tattvoM ko mAnane vAle vicArakoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| inakI mAnyatA ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sat kA vinAza nahIM hotA aura asat kI utpatti nahIM hotii| itanA hI jIvakAya, itanA hI atikAya aura itanA hI samagra loka hai| paMcamahAbhUta hI loka kA kAraNa hai| saMsAra meM tRNa-kampana se lekara jo kucha hotA hai vaha saba ina pA~ca
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________________ 54 : pro. sAgaramala jaina mahAbhUtoM se hotA hai| AtmA ke asat athavA akartA hone se hiMsA Adi kAryoM meM puruSa doSa kA bhAgI nahIM hotA kyoMki sabhI kArya bhUtoM ke haiN| sambhavataH yaha vicAradhArA sAMkhya darzana kA pUrvavartI rUpa hai| isameM paMcamahAbhUtavAdiyoM kI dRSTi se AtmA ko asat aura paMcamahAbhUta aura SaSTha AtmavAdiyoM kI dRSTi se AtmA ko akartA kahA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga inake atirikta Izvara kAraNavAdI aura niyativAdI jIvana dRSTiyoM ko bhI karma - siddhAnta kA virodhI hone ke kAraNa mithyAtva kA pratipAdaka hI mAnatA hai| isa prakAra 'RSibhASitaM ke dezotkala aura 'sUtrakRtAMga ke paMcamahAbhUta evaM SaSTha AtmavAdiyoM ke uparokta vivaraNa meM paryApta rUpa se nikaTatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| jainoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki ve sabhI vicAraka mithyAdRSTi haiM jinakI dArzanika mAnyatAoM meM dharmAdharma vyavasthA yA karma siddhAnta kI avadhAraNA nahIM hotI hai| hama yaha dekhate haiM ki yadyapi 'sUtrakRtAMga meM zarIra AtmavAda kI sthApanA karate hue deha aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna haiM, isa mAnyatA kA tArkika rUpa se nirasana kiyA gayA hai kintu yaha mAnyatA kyoM samucita nahIM hai isa sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se koI bhI tarka nahIM diye gaye haiM / 'sUtrakRtAMga, dehAtmavAda dRSTikoNa ke samarthana meM to tarka detA hai kintu usake nirasana meM koI tarka nahIM detA / 'rAjapraznIya sUtra' meM cArvAka mata kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA 23 cArvAka darzana ke dehAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa ke samarthana meM aura usake khaNDana ke lie tarka prastuta karane vAlA sarvaprathama rAjapraznIya sUtra hai| yahI eka mAtra aisA prAkRta Agama grantha hai jo cArvAka darzana ke ucchedavAda aura tajjIvataccharIravAda ke pakSa aura pratipakSa donoM ke sandarbha meM apane tarka prastuta karatA hai| 'rAjapraznIya sUtra' meM cArvAkoM kI ina mAnyatAoM ke pUrva pakSa ko aura unakA khaNDana karane vAle uttara pakSa ko nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai 1. rAjA paesI kahatA hai, he ! kezIkumAra zramaNa ! mere dAdA atyanta adhArmika the| Apake kathanAnusAra ve avazya hI naraka meM utpanna hue hoNge| maiM apane pitAmaha kA atyanta priya thA, ataH pitAmaha ko Akara mujhase yaha kahanA cAhie ki he pautra ! maiM tumhArA pitAmaha thA aura isI se yaMviyA (zvetAmbikA) nagarI meM adhArmika yAvat prajAjanoM se rAjakara lekara bhI yathocita rUpa meM unakA pAlana-rakSaNa nahIM karatA thA / isa kAraNa bahuta evaM atIva kaluSita pApakarmoM kA saMcaya karake maiM naraka meM utpanna huA huuN| kintu he pautra ! tuma adhArmika nahIM honA, prajAjanoM se kara lekara unake pAlana-rakSaNa meM pramAda mata karanA aura na bahuta se malina pApa karmoM kA upArjana-saMcaya hI karanA / dehAtmavAdiyoM ke isa tarka ke prati - uttara meM kezIkumAra zramaNa ne nimna samAdhAna prastuta kiyA he rAjana! jisa prakAra apane aparAdhI ko tuma isalie nahIM chor3a dete ho ki vaha jAkara apane putra - mitra aura jAti janoM ko yaha batAye ki maiM apane pApa ke kAraNa daNDa bhAMga rahA hU~, tuma aisA mata krnaa| isI prakAra naraka meM utpanna tumhAre pitAmaha tumheM pratibodha dene ke lie AnA cAhakara bhI yahA~ Ane meM samartha nahIM hai| nArakIya jIva cAra kAraNoM se manuSya loka meM nahIM A sakate sarvaprathama to unameM naraka se nikala kara manuSya loka meM Ane ---- ----
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________________ prAcIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA : 55 kI sAmarthya hI nahIM hotii| dUsare narakapAla unheM naraka se bAhara nikalane kI anumati bhI nahIM dete| tIsare naraka sambandhI asAtAvedanIya karma ke kSaya nahIM hone se ve vahA~ se nahIM nikala paate| cauthe unakA naraka sambandhI AyuSya karma jaba taka kSINa nahIM hotA taba taka ve vahA~ se nahIM A skte| ataH tumhAre pitAmaha ke dvArA tumheM Akara pratibodha na de pAne ke kAraNa yaha mAnyatA mata rakho ki jIva aura zarIra eka hI hai, apitu yaha mAnyatA rakho ki jIva anya hai aura zarIra eka hI hai smaraNa rahe ki dIghanikAya meM bhI naraka se manuSya loka meM na A pAne ke inhIM cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kezikumAra zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne dUsarA tarka prastuta kiyA-- he zramaNa ! merI dAdI atyanta dhArmika thiiN| Apa logoM ke mata ke anusAra vaha nizcita hI svarga meM utpanna huI hoNgii| maiM apanI dAdI kA atyanta priya thA, ataH use mujhe Akara yaha batAnA cAhie ki he pautra ! maiM apane puNya karmoM ke kAraNa svarga meM utpanna huI huuN| tuma bhI mere samAna dhArmika jIvana bitAvo jisase tuma bhI vipula puNya kA upArjana kara svarga meM utpanna hovo| kyoMki merI dAdI ne svarga se Akara mujhe aisA pratibodha nahIM diyA, ataH maiM yahI mAnatA hU~ ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiN| gajA ke isa tarka ke pratyuttara meM kezikumAra zramaNa ne nimna tarka prastuta kiyA -- he rAjan ! yadi tuma snAna, balikarma aura kautukamaMgala karake devakula meM praviSTa ho rahe ho usa samaya koI puruSa zaucAlaya meM khar3A hokara yaha kahe ki he svAmin ! yahA~ Ao ! kucha samaya ke lie yahA~ baiTho, khar3e hovo ! to kyA tuma usa puruSa kI bAta ko svIkAra kroge| nizcaya hI tuma usa apavitra sthAna para jAnA nahIM caahoge| isI prakAra he rAjana ! deva loka meM utpanna deva vahA~ ke divya kAma bhogoM meM itane mUchita, gaddha aura tallIna ho jAte haiM ki ve manuSya loka meM Ane kI icchA hI nahIM krte| dUsare devaloka sambandhI divya bhogoM meM tallIna ho jAne ke kAraNa unakA manuSya sambandhI prema vyucchinna ho jAtA hai ataH ve manuSya loka meM nahIM A paate| tIsare devaloka meM utpanna ve deva vahA~ ke divya kAmabhogoM meM mUcchita yA tallIna hone ke kAraNa abhI jAtA hU~ -- abhI jAtA hU~ aisA socate rahate haiM, kintu utane samaya meM alpAyuSya vAle manuSya kAladharma ko prApta ho jAte haiM kyoMki devoM kA eka dina-rAta manuSya loka ke sau varSa ke barAbara hotA hai| ataH eka dina kA bhI vilamba hone para yahAM manuSya kAladharma ko prApta ho jAtA hai| punaH manuSya loka itanA durgandhita aura aniSTakara hai ki usakI durgandha ke kAraNa manuSya loka meM deva AnA nahIM cAhate haiN| ataH tumhArI dAdI ke svarga se nahIM Ane para yaha zraddhA rakhanA ucita nahIM hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM hai| kezikumAra zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne eka anya tarka prastuta kiyaa| rAjA ne kahA ki maiMne eka cora ko jIvita hI eka lohe kI kumbhI meM banda karavA kara acchI taraha se lohe se usakA mukha Dhaka diyA phira usa para garama lohe aura rAMge se lepa karA diyA tathA usakI dekha-rekha ke lie apane vizvAsa pAtra puruSoM ko rakha diyaa| kucha dina pazcAt maina usa kumbhI ko khulavAyA to dekhA ki vaha manuSya mara cukA thA kintu usa kumbhI meM koI bhI chidra,
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________________ 56 : pro. sAgaramala jaina vivara yA darAra nahIM thI jisase usameM banda puruSa kA jIva bAhara nikalA ho, ataH jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM hai| isake pratyuttara meM kezikumAra zramaNa ne nimna tarka prastuta kiyA -- jisa prakAra eka aisI kUTAgArazAlA jo acchI taraha se AcchAdita ho aura usakA dvAra gupta ho yahA~ taka ki usameM kucha bhI praveza nahIM kara ske| yadi usa kUTAgArazAlA meM koI vyakti jora se bherI bajAye to tuma batAo ki vaha AvAja bAhara sunAyI degI ki nahIM ? nizcaya hI vaha AvAja sunAyI degii| ataH jisa prakAra zabda apratihata gati vAlA hai usI prakAra AtmA bhI apratihata gati vAlA hai, ataH use nikalane ke lie tuma yaha zraddhA karo ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna haiN| jJAtavya hai ki aba yaha tarka vijJAna sammata nahIM raha gayA hai, yadyapi AtmA kI amUrtatA ke AdhAra para bhI rAjA ke uparokta tarka kA prati uttara diyA jA sakatA hai| kezikumAra zramaNa ke isa prati uttara ko sunakara rAjA ne eka anya tarka prastuta kiyA-- maiMne eka puruSa ko prANa rahita karake eka lauha kumbhI meM galavA diyA tathA Dhakkana se use banda karake usa para zIze kA lepa karavA diyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt jaba usa kumbhI ko kholA gayA to use kRmikula se vyApta dekhA, kintu usameM koI darAra yA chidra nahIM thA jisase usameM jIva utpanna hue hoN| ataH jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM hai| rAjA ke isa tarka ke pratyuttara meM kezikumAra zramaNa ne agni se tapAye hue gole kA udAharaNa diyaa| jisa prakAra lohe ke gole meM cheda nahIM hone para bhI agni usameM praveza kara jAtI hai usI prakAra jIva bhI apratihata gati vAlA hone se kahIM bhI praveza kara jAtA hai| kezikumAra zramaNa kA yaha pratyuttara sunakara rAjA ne punaH eka nayA tarka prastuta kiyaa| usane kahA ki, maine eka vyakti ko jIvita rahate hue aura marane ke bAda donoM hI dazAoM meM taulA kintu donoM ke taula meM koI antara nahIM thaa| yadi mRtyu ke bAda AtmA usameM se nikalA hotA to usakA vajana kucha kama avazya honA cAhie thaa| isake pratyuttara meM kezikumAra zramaNa ne vAyu se bharI huI aura vAyu se rahita mazaka kA udAharaNa diyA aura yaha batAyA ki jisa prakAra vAyu agurulaghu hai usI prakAra jIva bhI agurulaghu hai / ataH tumhArA yaha tarka yukti saMgata nahIM hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nahIM hai| aba yaha tarka bhI vaijJAnika dRSTi se yukti saMgata nahIM raha gayA hai kyoMki vaijJAnika yaha mAnate hai ki vAyu meM vajana hotA hai| dUsare yaha bhI prayoga karake dekhA gayA hai ki jIvita aura mata zarIra ke vajana meM antara pAyA jAtA hai| usa yuga meM sUkSma tulA ke abhAva ke kAraNa yaha antara jJAta nahIM hotA rahA hogaa| rAjA ne phira eka anya tarka prastuta kiyA aura kahA ki maiMne eka cora ke zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM ko kATa kara cIra kara dekhA lekina mujhe kahIM bhI jIva nahIM dikhAI diyaa| ataH zarIra se pRthak jIva kI sattA siddha nahIM hotii| isake pratyuttara meM kezikumAra zramaNa ne nimna udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA -- "he rAjan : tU bar3A mUr3ha mAlUma hotA hai, maiM tujhe eka udAharaNa dekara samajhAtA huuN|
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________________ eka bAra kucha vana jIvI sAtha meM agni lekara eka bar3e jaMgala meM phuNce| unhoMne apane eka sAthI se kahA, he devAnupriya ! hama jaMgala meM lakar3I lene jAte haiM, tU isa agni se Aga jalAkara hamAre lie bhojana banAkara taiyAra rakhanA / yadi agni bujha jAya to lakar3iyoM ko ghisa kara agni jalA lenA / saMyogavaza usake sAthiyoM ke cale jAne para thor3I hI dera bAda Aga bujha gii| apane sAthiyoM ke AdezAnusAra vaha lakar3iyoM ko cAroM ora se ulaTa-pulaTa kara dekhane lagA lekina Aga kahIM najara nahIM aaii| usane apanI kulhAr3I se lakar3iyoM ko cIrA, unake choTe-choTe Tukar3e kiye kintu phira bhI Aga dikhAI nahIM dii| vaha nirAza hokara baiTha gayA aura socane lagA ki dekho, maiM abhI taka bhI bhojana taiyAra nahIM kara skaa| itane meM jaMgala se usake sAthI lauTakara A gaye, usane una logoM se sArI bAteM khiiN| isa para unameM se eka sAthI ne zara banAyA aura zara ko araNi ke sAtha ghisa kara agni jalAkara dikhAyI aura phira sabane bhojana banA kara khAyA / he paesI ! jaise lakar3I ko cIra kara Aga pAne hI icchA rakhane vAlA ukta manuSya mUrkha thA, vaise hI zarIra ko cIra kara jIva dekhane kI icchA vAle tuma bhI kucha kama mUrkha nahIM ho| jisa prakAra araNi ke mAdhyama se agni abhivyakta hotI hai kintu prakriyA usI prakAra mUrkhatApUrNa hai jaise araNi ko cIra-phAr3a karake agni ko dekhane kI prakriyA | ataH he rAjA yaha zraddhA karo ki AtmA anya hai aura zarIra anya hai / prAcIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA : 57 yahA~ yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye sabhI tarka vaijJAnika yuga meM itane sabala nahIM raha gaye haiM, kintu I0 pU0 sAmAnyatayA cArvAkoM ke pakSa ke samarthana meM aura unakA khaNDana karane ke liye ye hI tarka prastuta kiye jAte the| ataH cArvAka darzana ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama kI dRSTi se inakA apanA mahattva hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM inameM adhikAMza tarka samAna hone se inakI aitihAsika prAmANikatA aura prAcInatA bhI svataH siddha hai / jaina sAhitya meM dArzanika dRSTi se jahA~ taka cArvAka darzana ke tarkapurassara prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA kA prazna hai| Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya ke mahattvapUrNa grantha 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa dvArA IsvI san kI chaThIM zatI meM prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha isa grantha kI lagabhaga 500 gAthAyeM to AtmA, karma, puNya-pApa, svarga-naraka, bandhana - mukti Adi avadhAraNAoM kI tArkika samIkSA se sambandhita hai| isa grantha kA yaha aMza gaNadharavAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai aura aba svatantra rUpa se prakAzita bhI ho cukA hai| prastuta nibandha meM isa samagra carcA ko sameTa pAnA sambhava nahIM thA, ataH isa nibandha ko yahIM virAma de rahe haiN| sandarbha 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, bhUmikA, pR0 39 2. dIghanikAya payAsIsutta rAjapraznIyasUtra (madhukara muni), bhUmikA, pR0 18 RSibhASita (isimAsiyAI), adhyAya 20 3. 4.
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________________ 58 : pro. sAgaramala jaina 5. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 1549-2024 AcArAMga (madhukaramuni), 1/1/1/1-3 "evamegesiM No NAtaM bhavati-atyi meM AyA uvavAie...... se AyAvAdI logAvAdI kammAvAdI kiriyaavaadii|" 7. AcArAMga, 1/2/6/104- chaNa pariNAya loga saNNaM savvaso 8. sUtrakRtAMga ( madhukaramuni ), 1/1/1/7-8 9. vahI, 11-12 10. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 5/7, jaNeNa saddhi hokkhAmi 11. vahI, 5/5-7 12. jahA ya aggI araNI u santo khIre ghaTA tella mhaatilesu| emeva jAyA ! saroraMsi sattA saMmucchaI nAsai naavcitthe| ....... uttarAyayanasUtra, 14/18 13. no indiyaggejjha amuttabhAvA amuttabhAvA vi ya hoi nicco| ...... vahI, 14/19 14. RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAiM), adhyAya 20 15. vahI 16. utkala, utkula aura utkUla zabdoM ke artha ke lie dekhie -- saMskRta-iMgaliza DikzanarI (moniyara viliyamsa), 50 176 17. RSibhASita ( isibhisiyAI), adhyAya 20 18. vahI 19. vahI 20. vahI 21. vahI 22. sUtrakRtAMga dvitIya bhAga, adhyAya 1, pR0 648-658 23. rAjapraznIyasUtra ( madhukaramuni), pR0 242-260 pro. sAgaramala jaina, nidezaka, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5.