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________________ prAcIna jaina sAhitya ke saMdarbha meM bhAratIya zAsana vyavasthA (DaoN. tejasiMha gaur3a) jaina sAhitya kA anuzIlana karane ke pazcAt isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki prArambha meM kulakaroM kI vyavasthA thI / mAnava apanI samasta AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti kalpavRkSoM ke mAdhyama se kara liyA karatA thaa| kula kI vyavasthA va saMcAlana karane vAlA sarvesarvA, jo pUrNa pratimA sampanna hotA thA, use 'kulakara' kahA gayA hai|" kulakara ko vyavasthA banAye rakhane ke lie aparAdhI ko daNDita karane kA bhI adhikAra thA / kulakara vimalavAhana zAsaka ke samaya meM kucha samaya taka aparAdhoM meM nyUnatA rahIM, para kalpavRkSoM ke kSINaprAya hone se yugaloM kA una para mamatva bar3hane lagA eka yugaliyA jisa kalpavRkSa kA Azraya letA thA usIkA Azraya anya yugala bhI le letA thA, isase kalaha va vaimanasya kI bhAvanAe~ tIvratara hone lagI sthiti kA siMhAvalokana karate hue nItijJa kulakara vimalavAhana ne kalpavRkSoM kA vibhAjana kara diyA / daNDanIti : AvazyakatA AviSkAra kI jananI hai kahAvata ke anusAra jaba samAja meM avyavasthA phailane lagI / janajIvana astavyasta ho uThA, taba aparAdhI manovRtti para niyaMtraNa karane ke lie upAya khoje jAne lage aura usI ke pariNAmasvarUpa daNDanIti kA prAdurbhAva huA / " kahanA anucita na hogA ki isase pUrva kisI prakAra kI koI daNDanIti nahIM thI, kyoMki usakI AvazyakatA hI pratIta nahIM huiiN| jaina sAhitya ke anusAra sarvaprathama hAkAra, mAkAra aura 'dhikkAra' nIti kA pracalana huaa| jinakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : hAkAra nIti :- isa nIti kA pracalana kulakara vimalavAhana ke samaya huA / isa nItike anusAra aparAdhI ko khedapUrvaka pratAr3ita kiyA jAtA thA "hA ! arthAt tumane yaha kyA kiyA ?" dekhane meM yaha kevala zabda pratAr3anA hai kiMtu yaha daNDa bhI usa samaya kA eka mahAna daNDa thA / isa 'hA' zabda se pratAr3ita hone mAtra se hI aparAdhI pAnI-pAnI ho jAtA thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki usa samaya kA manuSya vartamAna manuSya kI bhAMti ucchRMkhala evaM amaryAdita nahIM thaa| yaha to svabhAva se lajjAzIla aura saMkocI thA / isaliye isa 'hA' vAle daNDa ko bhI vaha aisA samajhatA thA mAno use mRtyudaNDa mila rahA ho / yaha nIti kulakara cakSuSmAna ke samayataka barAbara calatI rhii| mAkAra nIti :- koI eka prakAra kI nIti ekAI nahIM hotI hai| dezakAla paristhiti ke anusAra nIti meM parivartana bhI hotA hai| yahI bAta prathama 'hAkAra nIti ke lie satya pramANita huI / sthAnAMga sUtra vRtti 760/510/1 RSabhadeva : eka parIzilana, pR. 121 sthAnAMga vRtti pa. 399-1 jambUdvIpa prajJapti-kALAdhikAra, 79 zrImad jayantasenasUri abhinandana graMtha / vizleSaNa li FPIFC She ** plast 'hAkAra' nIti jaba viphala hone lagI to aparAdhoM meM aura vRddhi hone lagI, taba kisI navIna nIti kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI jAne lagI / taba cakSuSmAna ke tRtIya putra kulakara yazasvI ne aparAdha bheda kA arthAt choTe bar3e aparAdha ke mAnase alaga alaga nIti kA prayoga prArambha kiyaa| kahane kA tAtparya yaha ki aparAdhoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyaa| choTe aparAdhoM ke lie to 'hAkAra nIti' kA hI prayoga rakhA tathA bar3e aparAdhoM ke lie 'mAkAra nIti' kA Arambha kiyaa| yadi isase bhI adhika koI karatA to usa aparAdhI ko donoM prakAra kI nItiyoM se daNDita karanA prArambha kiyA / 'mAkAra' kA artha thA 'mata karo / ' yaha eka niSedhAtmaka mahAna daNDa thA / ina donoM prakAra kI daNDanItiyoM se vyavasthApana kArya yazasvI ke putra 'amicacandra taka calatA rhaa| dhikkAra nIti : samAja meM abhAva bar3hatA jA rahA thA / usake sAtha hI asaMtoSa bhI bar3ha rahA thA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa ucchRMkhalatA duSTatA kA bhI eka prakAra se vikAsa hI ho rahA thA / aisI sthiti ' meM hAkAra aura mAkAra nIti kaba taka vyavasthA calA sakatI thI / eka dina mAkAra nIti bhI viphala hotI dikhAI dene lagI aura aba isake sthAna para kisI naI nIti kI AvazyakatA pratIta hone lgii| taba mAkAra nIti kI asaphalatA se 'dhikkAranIti' kA janma huA / " yaha nIti kulakara prasenajita se lekara aMtima kulakara nAmitaka calatI rhii| isa 'dhikkAra' nIti ke anusAra aparAdhI ko itanA kahA jAtA thA 'dhik arthAt tujhe dhikkAra hai, jo aisA kArya kiyA / ' isa prakAra yadi aparAdhoM ke mAna se vargIkaraNa kiyA jAye to vaha isa prakAra hogA jaghanya aparAdha vAloM ke lie 'kheda' madhyama aparAdha vAloM ke lie' 'niSedha' aura utkRSTa aparAdha vAloM ke lie 'tiraskAra' sUcaka daNDa mRtyudaNDa se bhI adhika prabhAvazAlI the 1 kulanAbhi taka aparAdhavRtti kA koI vizeSa vikAsa nahIM huA thA, kyoMki usa yuga kA mAnava, svabhAva se sarala aura hRdaya se komala thA / " prathama rAjA aMtima kulakara nAbhi ke samaya meM hI jaba unake dvArA aparAdha nirodha ke lie nirdhArita kI gaI dhikkAranIti kA (83) sthAnAMga vRtti pR. 399 triSaSTi zalAkA 1/2/176-179 sthAnAMga vRtti pa. 399 dhigadhikSepArtha eva tasya karaNaM uccAraNadhikkAraH / RSabhadeva eka parizIlana pR. 123 jambudvIpa prajJapti saMskAra sUtre 14 yahA~ na ati karanA kabhI, kisI taraha insAna | jayantasena kara ke ati, banA manuja zaitAna // .
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________________ ullaMghana hone lagA aura aparAdha nivAraNa meM unakI nIti prabhAvahIna dI / usa nagarI kA dUsarA nAma ayodhyA bhI kahA jAtA hai| siddha huI, taba yugalika loga ghabarAkara RSabhadeva ke pAsa Ae aura bAyA . unheM vastusthiti kA paricaya karAte hue sahayoga kI prArthanA kii| rAjyAbhiSeka ke uparAMta zrI RSabhadeva ne rAjya kI suvyavasthA RSabhadeva ne kahA - "janatA meM aparAdhI manovRtti nahIM phaile .. ke lie ArakSaka dala kI sthApanA kI, jisameM adhikArI 'ugra' aura maryAdA kA yathocita pAlana ho isake lie daNDa vyavasthA hotii| kahalAe / 'bhoga' nAma ke adhikAriyoM kA maMtrI-maMDala banAyA / hai, jisakA saMcAlana 'rAjA' kiyA karatA hai aura vahI samaya samaya rAjA ke parAmarzadAtA 'rAjanya' ke nAma se vikhyAta hue tathA rAjya para daNDanIti meM sudhAra karatA rahatA hai / rAjA kA rAjya pada para karmacArI 'kSatriya' ke nAma se jAne jAne lage / ' abhiSeka kiyA jAtA hai| yaha sunakara yugaliyoM ne kahA - "mahArAja! Apa hI hamAre rAjA bana jaaiye|" duSTa logoM ke damana ke lie tathA prajA aura rAjya ke saMrakSaNa ke lie unhoMne cAra prakAra kI senA va senApatiyoM kI bhI vyavasthA isapara RSabhadeva ne nAbhi ke sammAnArtha kahA - "jAo isake kI / unake caturvidha sainya saMgaThana meM gaja, azva, ratha evaM paidala lie tuma saba mahArAja nAbhi se nivedana karo / " sainika sammilita kie gae / aparAdha-nirodha tathA aparAdhiyoM kI yugaliyoM ne nAbhi ke pAsa jAkara nivedana kiyaa| samaya ke khoja ke lie sAma, dAma, daNDa aura bheda kI nIti kA bhI pracalana jAnakAra nAbhi ne yugaliyoM kI namra prArthanA sunakara kahA - "maiM to kiyA / vRddha hU~, ataH tuma saba RSabhadeva ko rAjyapada dekara unheM rAjA daNDanIti :- zAsana kI suvyavasthA ke lie daNDa parama Avazyaka bnaalo|" hai / daNDanIti sarva anIti rUpI so ko vaza meM karane ke lie nAbhi kI AjJA pAkara yugalikajana padmasarovara para gae aura viSavidyAvat hai / aparAdhI ko ucita daNDa na diyA jAya to kamala ke pattoM meM pAnI lekara Ae / usI samaya Asana calAyamAna aparAdhoM kI saMkhyA nirantara bar3hatI jAyagI evaM burAiyoM se rASTra kI hone se devendra bhI vahAM Agae / unhoMne savidhi sammAnapUrvaka rakSA nahIM ho sakegI / ataH zrI RSabhadeva ne apane samaya meM cAra devagaNa ke sAtha RSabhadeva kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA aura unheM rAjA- prakAra kI daNDanIti apanAI / (1) paribhASa (2) maNDalabaMdha yogya alaMkAroM se vibhUSita kara diyA / (3) cAraka aura (4) biccheda / yugaliyoM ne socA ki alaMkAra vibhUSita RSabha ke zarIra para paribhASa :- kucha samaya ke lie aparAdhI vyakti ko Akroza pUrNa pAnI kaise DAlA jAya ? aisA vicArakara unhoMne RSabhadeva ke caraNoM zabdoM meM najarabaMda rahane kA daNDa / / para pAnI DAlakara abhiSeka kiyA aura unheM apanA rAjA svIkAra maNDala baMdha :- sImita kSetra meM rahane kA daNDa denA / / kiyA / cAraka :- bandIgRha meM rahane kA daNDa denaa| isa prakAra RSabhadeva usa samaya ke prathama rAjA ghoSita hue / inhoMne pahale se calI A rahI kulakara vyavasthA samAptakara navIna chaviccheda :- karAdi aMgopAMgoM ke chedana kA daNDa denA / rAjyavyavasthA kA nirmANa kiyA / / ye cAra nItiyAM kaba calIM, isameM vidvAnoM ke mata alaga-alaga yugaliyoM ke isa vinIta svabhAva ko dekhakara zakrendane usa haiM / kucha vijJoM kA maMtavya hai ki prathama do nItiyAM zrI RSabhadeva ke sthAna para vinItA nagarI ke nAma se unakI vasati sthApita kara' samaya calI aura do bharata ke samaya / AcArya abhayadeva ke maMtavyAnusAra ye cAroM nItiyAM bharata ke samaya calI / AcArya jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama bhAga. pR. 19-20 bhadrabAhu aura AcArya malayagiri ke abhimatAnusAra bandha (ber3I kA prayoga) aura ghAta (daNDe kA prayoga) RSabhanAtha ke samaya Arambha ho eka saMskRti para sAta gae the aura mRtyu daNDa kA Arambha bharata ke samaya huA / jinapustakoM kA prakAzana / kaI senAcArya ke anusAra vadha-bandhanAdi zArIrika daNDa bharata ke samaya patrikAoM ke atirikta mahAvIra cale / usa samaya tIna prakAra ke daNDa pracalita the jo aparAdha ke smArikA, pAMca smRti yA abhinaMdana | anusAra diye jAte thegraMthoM, jainavidyA para likhita (1) arthaharaNa daNDa (2) zArIrika klezarUpa daNDa (3) prANaupanyAsoM evaM jIvana-caritra para | haraNa rUpa daNDa / ' graMthoM kA sampAdana / zodha prabaMdha kA viSaya - prAcIna tathA uparyukta vivaraNa kulakaroM tathA madhyakAlIna mAlavA meM jaina dharma | prathama rAjA RSabhadeva ke samaya kI : eka adhyayana triSaSTi 1/2/974-976, Ava. niryu. samprati - vyAkhyAtA, DaoN. tejasiMha gaur3a gA. 198 zAsakIya uccatara mAdhyamika vahI 1/2/925-932 vidyAlaya, unhela. (ji. ujjaina, triSaSTi 1/2/956 ma.pra.) RSabhadevaH eka parIzIlana, pR. 145-46 zrImad jayantasenasUri abhinandana graMtha / vizleSaNa (84) nidrA bhojana alpa ho maryAdita ho bAta / jayantasena sumArga se, hotA bhava kA ghAta //
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________________ vyavasthA pratipAdita karatA hai / samaya ke pravAha ke sAtha vyavasthA meM vArANasI, zrAvastI, sAketa, kAMpilya, kauzAbI mithilA, hastinApura bhI parivartana huA aura usakA vikAsa bhI huA / jaina- sAhitya meM , aura rAjagRha usa samaya ina dasa nagariyoM ko abhiSeka rAjadhAnI Age zAsana vyavasthA viSayaka jo vivaraNa milatA hai, usakA kahA hai| saMkSipta vivaraNa yahA~ prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| yuvarAja kI yogyatA :- yuvarAja pAMca viziSTa puruSoM meM se eka rAjA kA pada evaM uttarAdhikAra :- prajA-pAlana ke liye rAjA kA hotA thA / rAjA ke pazcAt yuvarAja kA krama thA phira amAtya, honA atyanta Avazyaka mAnA gayA | rAjA kA sarvagaNa sampanna aura zreSTha aura purohita hote the| rAjA kI mRtyu ke pazcAta. yavarAja vyasana tathA vikAra rahita honA Avazyaka thA / ' rAjA kA hI rAjA banatA thaa| usakI yogyatA ke sambandha meM batAyA gayA hairAjanIti meM nipuNa aura dharma ke prati zraddhAvAna honA bhI jarUrI (1) yuvarAja aNimA, mahimA Adi ATha prakAra ke aizvarya se thA / usake donoM kula pavitra honA cAhie / rAjA kA pada vaMza yukta hotA thA / paramparAgata hotA thA / rAjA ke eka putra hone kI sthiti meM vahI (2) vaha bahattara kalAoM, aThAraha dezI bhASAoM, gIta, nRtya, tathA uttarAdhikArI hotA thA / eka se adhika putra hone para, unakI hastiyaddha, azvayuddha, muSTiyuddha, bAhayuddha, latAyuddha, rathayuddha, dhanurveda parIkSA Ayojita kI jAtI thI aura jo parIkSA meM saphala hotA Adi meM bhI nipaNa hotA thA 8 usake kartavyoM kI ora saMketa vahI yuvarAja banatA thA / rAjA ke svargavAsa ke pazcAta jisa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki Avazyaka kAryoM se nipaTakara vaha rAjakumAra ko siMhAsana kA adhikAra milatA yadi vaha dIkSA le sabhA maNDala meM pahuMcakara rAjakAja kA avalokana karatA thA / letA to usase choTA rAjakumAra rAjA bana jAtA / yadi rAjA aura par3osI rAjA dvArA upadrava karane kI sthiti meM use zAMta karane kA yuvarAja donoM hI rAjya tyAgakara dIkSA le lete to bahana ke putra ko kartavya bhI yavarAja kA thaa|" rAjya kA bhAra sauMpa diyA jAtA / eka paramparA yaha bhI thI ki amAtya kA pada bar3A mahattvapUrNa hotA thA / yuvarAja ke yadi rAjA kA koI bhI uttarAdhikArI nahIM hotA to hAthI yA ghor3A pazcAt sabase bar3A pada bhI yahI thA / jaina sAhitya meM amAtya/maMtrI chor3a diyA jAtA thA / vaha jisakA bhI abhiSeka karatA usI ko ke pada viSayaka aneka mahattvapUrNa dRSTAMta bhI milate haiN| vistArabhaya rAjA banA diyA jaataa| se yahAM vizeSa vivaraNa na dekara yaha kahanA hI paryApta hai ki rAjya prApti ke lie SaDyaMtra :- rAjakumAroM meM rAjya prAptakarane kI amAtya sAma, dAma, daNDa aura bheda meM kuzala, nItizAsana meM tIvra utkaMThA rahatI thI isalie rAjA unase zaMkita aura bhayabhIta caturakA, arthazAsana meM pAraMgata, autpAttikI, vainayikI, kArmikI rahatA thA / aura unapara kaThora niyaMtraNa rakhatA thA / tathApi kitane aura pAriNAmikI ina cAra prabhAvI buddhiyoM meM niSNAta hotA thA / hI mahattvAkAMkSI rAjakumAra maukA milane para apane kucakroM meM saphala rAjA svayaM usase mahattvapUrNa viSayoM meM parAmarza liyA karatA thA / ho jAte the / ve rAjA kA vadha kara svayaM rAjA bana jAte the / rAjA vaha vilakSaNa pratibhA kA dhanI hotA thA | sAre gupta rahasyoM kA zreNika ko kUNika ne apane sautele bhAI kI sahAyatA se pakar3a jJAtA hone ke sAtha zatru ko parAjita kara rAjya kI rakSA karatA kara jela meM DAla diyA aura svayaM rAjasiMhAsana para baiTha gayA / thA / 10 usake bAda apanI mAtA ke kahane se parazu lekara ber3iyAM kATane anya rAjyAdhikArI :- zreSThi, nagara seTha aThAraha prakAra kI prajA calA, kiMtu rAjA ne samajhA ki kUNika use mArane ke lie A rahA kA rakSaka kahalAtA thA / vaha rAjA dvArA mAnya hotA thA usakA hai, etadarza kUNika ke Ane se pUrva hI viSa khAkara usane apanA mastaka devamudrA se va suvarNapiTTa se suzobhita rahatA thA / inake prANAMta kara liyA / atirikta grAma mahattara, rASTra mahattara, gaNanAyaka, daNDanAyaka, rAjyAbhiSeka :- rAjyAbhiSeka ke sambandha meM Upara saMketa kiyA jA talavara, kohapAla, kauTumbika, gaNaka, vaidya ibhya, Izvara, senApati cukA hai / isa viSayakI jo jAnakArI hai usake anusAra rAjA kA sArthavAha, saMdhipAha, pIThamarda, mahAmAtra, yAnazAlika, vidUSaka, dUta, abhiSeka samAroha atyaMta ullAsa ke kSaNoM meM manAyA jAtA thA / ceTa, vArtAnivedaka, kiMkara, karmakara asigrAhI, dhanugrAhI, kotagrAhI, jaba meghakumAra ne dIkSA kA nizcaya kiyA, taba mAtA-pitA ke chatragrAhI, cAmaragrAhI, vINAgrAhI, bhANDa, abhyaMga lagAnevAle, ubaTana atyadhika Agraha para ve ekadina ke lie rAjasampadA kA upayoga malanevAle, snAna karAne vAle, vezabhUSA se zobhita karane vAle, paira karane ke lie prastuta hue / aneka gaNanAyaka, daNDanAyaka, prabhRti ko dabAne vAle, Adi aneka adhikArI, karmacArI aura sevaka se parivRtta ho unheM sone, cAMdI, maNi, muktA Adi se AThaATha rAjA kI sevAmeM rahate the|". jAMcara sau kalazoM se snAna karAyA / mRttikA, puSpa, gaMdha, mAlya, auSadhi kara vyavasthA :- rAjya kI Aya kA pramukha srota kara hotA hai / una aura sarasoM Adi unake mastaka para pheMkI gayI, tathA duMdumi bAjoM aura jaya-jayakAra kA ghoSa sunAI dene lagA | rAjyAbhiSeka ho jAne dinoM aThAraha prakAra ke karoM ke pracalana kA ullekha milatA hai / 12 suMkapAla nAmaya adhikArI kara vasUla . ke pazcAt sabhI prajA rAjA ko badhAI detI hai | campA, mathurA, kara svane para apanA / tathApi bhayabhIta kara svayaM ga kI sahAya baiTha gayATane vaha vilakSaNa usase ne se parazAsana para baiTha se pakar3a nizIzabhASya 15/4799 vyavahAra bhASya 1 | pR. 128 vyavahAra bhASya 4/209 aura 4 ESS uttarAdhyayana TIkA, 10 pa. 153 siNDikI vahI 3, pR. 63 bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anu. pR.78 7 vahI, pRSTha. 78-79 aupapAtika sUtra 40 pR. 248 ra vyavahAra bhASya, 1pR. 131 10 bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anu. pR.80 " bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana pR.80 2 Avazyaka niyuktiI zrImad jayantasenasUri abhinandana graMtha / vizleSaNa bhUla kabUla kare nahIM, vyartha kare AlApa | jayantasena use mile, jIvana meM saMtApa //
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________________ karane kA kArya karatA thA / ' sAmAnyataH upaja kA dasavAM bhAga kara daNDavidhAna :- upAcArya zrI devendramunijIzAstrI ne vipAkasUtra, rUpa meM liyA jAtA thA kiMtu viziSTa kAraNoM se isameM aMtara bhI A praznavyAkaraNa, aMgutara nikAya aura jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya jAtA thA / vyApArika vastuoM para bhI kara lagAyA jAtA thA / samAja ke AdhAra para likhA hai ki corI karane para bhayaMkara daNDa vyApArI una dinoM bhI kara corI kiyA karate the, ve apanA mAla diyA jAtA thA / usa samaya daNDa-vyavasthA kaThora thI / rAjA coroM chipA dete the / jo vyApArI acchI kisma kA mAla chipA letA thA, ko lohe ke kuMbha meM banda kara dete the, unake hAtha kaTavA dete the| patA calane para rAjA usa vyApArI kA sampUrNa mAla jabta kara letA sUlI para car3hA dete the| kabhI aparAdhI kI kor3oM se pUjA karate / thA / zulka vasUla karane meM kaThoratA baratI jAtI thii| isase janatA coroM ko vastrayugala pahanAkara, gale meM kanera ke phUloM kI mAlA trasta rahatI thI / putra janma, rAjyAbhiSeka jaise avasaroM para janatA DAlate aura unake zarIra ko tela se sikta kara bhasma lagAte aura ko kara mukta bhI kiyA jAtA thA / caurAhoM para ghumAte va lAtoM, ghUsoM, DaMDoM aura kor3oM se pITate / aparAdha :- usa samaya aparAdhoM meM caurya-karma pramukha thA / coroM ke oMTha, nAka aura kAna ko kATa dete, rakta se mu~ha ko lipta kara ke aneka varga idhara udhara kAryarata rahate the / logoM ko coroM kA phUTA Dhola bajAte hue aparAdhoM kI udghoSaNA karate / AtaMka hamezA banA rahatA thA / coroM me aneka prakAra the / yathA - taskaroM kI taraha paradAragamana karane vAloM ko bhI sira muMDanA, (1) AmoSa - dhanamAla ko lUTana vAle / tarjana, tAr3ana, liMgacchedana, nirvAsana aura mRtyudaNDa diye jAte the / puruSoM kI bhAMti striyAM bhI daNDa kI bhAgI hotI thI, kintu garbhavatI (2) lobhahAra - dhana ke sAtha hI prANoM ko lUTane vAle / striyoM ko kSamA kara diyA jAtA thA / hatyA karane vAle ko (3) granthi bhedaka - graMthi bheda karane vAle / arthadaNDa aura mRtyudaNDa donoM diye jAte the| (4) taskara - pratidina corI karane vAle / nyAya vyavasthA :- aparAdhiyoM ko daNDita karane ke liye yogya aura (5) kaNNuhA - kanyAoM kA apaharaNa karane vAle / ImAnadAra nyAyAdhIza hote the jo rizvata na lekara niSpakSa nyAyapradAna lobhahAra atyaMta krUra hote the / ve apane Apako bacAne ke karane kA kArya karate the / sAdhAraNa aparAdha ke liye bhI kaThora liye mAnavoM kI hatyA kara dete the / graMthi bhedaka ke pAsa vizeSa daNDa vyavasthA kA prAvadhAna thaa| prakAra kA kAcayA hAtA thA jAgAThA kA kATakara dhana kA zrAvakoM ko jhUThI gavAhI na dene aura jhUThe dastAveja prastuta na apaharaNa karate the| nizItha bhASya meM AkrAnta, prAkRtika, grAmastena, karane kA niyama dilAyA jAtA thA / isase aisA AbhAsa hotA hai dezastena, anArastena, adhvAnastena aura khetoM meM khanakara corI karane / ki una dinoM jhUThI gavAhI bhI dI jAtI thii| aparAdhI ko rAjakula vAle coroM kA ullekha hai| meM upasthita kiyA jAtA thA / aisA ullekha manusmRti meM pAyA jAtA e kitane hI cora dhana kI taraha strI, puruSoM ko bhI curA le hai| jAte the / kitane hI cora itane niSThura hote the ki ve curAyA huA una dinoM rAjA sarvesarvA hotA thA / arthAt vaha svecchAcArI apanA mAla chipAne ko apane kuTumbI janoM ko bhI mAra dete the| hotA thaa| eka ora vaha prajAkI rakSA karatA thA to dUsarI ora eka cora apanA sampUrNa dhana kue meM rakhatA thA / eka dina usakI janatA ko kaSTa bhI detA thaa| rAjA kI AjJA kA ullaMghana karane palIne use dekha liyA, bheda khulane ke bhaya se usane apanI palI vAlA mahAn aparAdhI mAnA jAtA thA / isake liye bhI daNDa ko hI mAra diyA / usakA putra cillAyA aura logoM ne use pakar3a vyavasthA thI / vistArabhaya se yahAM aba adhika na likhakara kevala liyA / saMketa mAtra kiyA jA rahA hai| corI karane ke lie chaH prakAra se seMgha lagAne kA ullekha jaina sAhitya meM kArAgRhoM kA bhI vivaraNa milatA hai / milatA hai (1) kapizIrSAkAra (2) kalazAvRtti (3) nandAvarta kArAgRhoM meM kaidiyoM ko kisa prakAra rakhA jAtA thA, unake sAtha saMsthAna (4) padmAkRti (5) puruSAkRti aura (6) zrI vtssNsthaan| kaisA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thA, Adi ullekha bhI hai / una dinoM kama cora apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha corapalliyoM meM rahA karate the| pratyeka rAjya kI apanI guptacara vyavasthA thI / guptacara hone kI corapalliyA~ viSama parvata aura gahana aTavI meM huA karatI thii| AzaMkA meM sAdhuoM ko bhI pakar3a liyA jAtA thA / jahA~para kisI kA pahu~canA saMbhava nahIM thA / jaba cora corI karane yuddha, evaM caturaMgiNI senA, yuddhanIti aura astra-zastra Adi ke liye jAte the taba apane sAtha pAnI kI mazAla aura tAlodghATinI kA bhI vistAra se varNana milatA hai | yadi ina sabakA vyavasthita vidyA Adi upakaraNa lejAyA karate the / rUpa se adhyayana kara prastuta kiyA jAye to eka acchI pustaka taiyAra uttarAdhyayana ho sakatI hai / aura yaha spaSTa ho vahIM, 31 pR.64 bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anu. pR.81 sakatA hai ki jaina sAhitya meM kevala vahI, pR. 82 dharma aura darzana viSayaka hI nahIM, bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anu. pR. 82 anya viSayoMse sambandhita vivaraNa uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti pR. 215 bhI paryAptarUpa se upalabdha hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anu. pR. 83 jaina vidyA ke manISiyoM ko isa jJAtAdharma kalA 18/1 210 ora bhI dhyAna denA caahie| zrImad jayantasenasUri abhinandana graMtha / vizleSaNa (86) paMcendriya ke viSaya kA, jo karatA parihAra / jayantasena mAnasa vaha, svapara karata uddhAra / Jain Education Intemational