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________________ sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha prAcIna jaina kathAoM meM bihAra ko jaina nAriyA~ -DA. raMjana sUrideva bihAra kI bhUmi jainatIrtha ke rUpa meM itihAsa prasiddha hai; kyoMki yaha jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi, tapobhUmi, upadeza-bhUmi tathA nirvANa bhUmi rahA hai| bhagavAn vIra ke atirikta anya ikkIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI nirvANa-bhUmi hone kA gaurava bhI isa bihAra ko upalabdha hai / jainoM kI katipaya prasiddha siddhabhUmi (pArasanAtha, vaizAlI, pAvApurI, rAjagRha, mandAra, campApurI, kamaladaha, guNAvA Adi) isI rAjya meM virAjatI haiN| bihAra kI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra kA jaina saMskRti ke sAtha mahatvapUrNa sambandha hai| vibhinna jainakathAoM se jJAta hotA hai ki nagara kA prAcIna nAma kusumapura hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra se bhI hajAroM varSa pahale se isa nagara kA jaina saMskRti se sambandha rahA hai| 'sthavirAvalI caritra' meM isa nagara ke nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki bhadrapura meM puSpaketu nAma kA rAjA rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma puSpavatI thaa| una donoM ke puSpacUla nAma kA putra aura puSpacUlA nAma kI putrI thii| jainAgama para rAnI kI avicala zraddhA thI, ataH usane jaina zrAvikA ke vrata grahaNa kiye| kucha dinoM bAda vaha rAjabhoga chor3akara jaina zrAvakoM ke sAtha gaMgAtaTavartI 'prayAga' nAmaka tIrtha meM jAkara rahane lgii| isI sthAna para gaMgA ke garbha meM kisI satputra kA zarIrAnta huA aura usake mastaka ko jala-jantu nadI taTa para ghasITa laaye| kisI dina daivayoga se usa galita mastaka meM pATala kA vIja gira par3A aura samaya para usase eka pATala-vRkSa utpanna huaa| usa pATala-vRkSa ko dekhakara kisI jyotiSI ne bhaviSyavANI kI ki yaha sthAna aneka prakAra kI samRddhiyoM se yukta hogaa| rAjA udAyI ko #jaba isakI sUcanA milI, taba usane pATala-vRkSa ke pUrva-pazcima aura uttara-dakSiNa sImA para eka nagara # basAyA, jo 'pATaliputta' khlaayaa| usa samaya yaha nagara jainadharma ke vistAra-prasAra kA kendra thaa| jaina AcAryoM aura jaina rAjAoM ke sAtha jaina nAriyoM kI kItigAthA bhI bihAra se jur3I 23 huI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM chattIsa hajAra AryikAe~ (bhikSuNiyA~) aura tIna lAkha zrAvikAe~ (vratadhAriNI gRhastha striyA~) thIM, jinameM adhikAMza bihAra kI nivAsinI thIM / AryikAoM meM sarvapramukha #rAjA ceTaka kI putrI rAjakumArI candanA thii| candanA kI mAmI yazasvatI kI bhI bar3I prasiddhi thii| %23 candanA Ajanma-brahmacAriNI thii| eka dina jaba vaha rAjodyAna meM Tahala rahI thI taba eka prAcIna jaina kathAoM meM bihAra kI jaina nAriyA~ : DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva | 263
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________________ sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha vidyAdhara use curAkara le gayA / kintu vidyAdhara ne apanI vidyAdharI ke bhaya se zokAtura candanA ko jaMgala meM hI chor3a diyaa| vahA~ use eka bhIla ne prApta kiyaa| bhIla ne use aneka kaSTa diye, parantu vaha satI-dharma se vicalita nahIM huI / yahA~ se vaha kauzAmbI ke vyApArI vRSabhasena nAmaka seTha ko prApta huI / isa seTha ke ghara meM hI bandinI candanA ne mahAvIra ko AhAra-dAna kiyA, jisake prabhAva se usakI kIti sarvatra phaila gaI / isake bAda seTha ke ghara se mukta hokara usane bhagavAn mahAvIra se dIkSA grahaNa kI aura AryikA saMgha kI pradhAna banI / candanA kI bahana jyeSThA ne bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra se dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| rAjagRha ke rAjakoThArI kI putrI bhadrA kuNDalakezA ne bhI bhagavAna se dIkSA lekara jainadharma aura samAja kI sevA kI thI / bhadra kuNDalakezA kA upadeza itanA madhura hotA thA ki hajAroM-hajAra kI bhIr3a ekatra ho jAtI thI aura sabhI zrotA mantra-mugdha ho jAte the / uparyukta tIna lAkha zrAvikAoM meM celanA, sulasA Adi pradhAna haiN| zreNika jaise vidharmI rAjA ko sanmArga kI ora pravartita karane vAlI rAnI celanA kI gaurava gAthA kalpa-kalpa taka gAI jaaegii| kahanA na hogA ki bihAra meM jaina AryikAoM aura zrAvikAoM kI eka sakriya paramparA rahI hai / bihAra ke prasiddha jainatIrtha campApura ke vikAsa kA pUrNa ullekha 'aupapAtikasUtra' meM milatA hai / campApura (campAnagara) bhAgalapura se pazcima cAra mIla kI dUrI para hai| yahA~ 12veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn vAsupUjya ne garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura nirvANa prApta kiye the / anAtha jIvoM ke nAtha, yAnI uddhAraka bhagavAn mahAvIra ne campAnagara meM tIna varSAvAsa bitAye the, kadAcit isIlie isake pArzvavartI kSetra kA nAma 'nAthanagara ' par3A gayA / campAnagara ke relave sTezana kA nAma Aja bhI 'nAthanagara' hai / pahale campApurI aMgadeza (prAcIna magadha ) kI rAjadhAnI thii| rAjA kauNika ne rAjagRha se haTakara campA ko hI magadha kI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AryikA saMgha kI pradhAna uparyukta candanA yA candanabAlA yahA~ kI rAjaputrI thI / campA ke rAjA kA nAma jitazatru thA jisakI rAnI raktavatI nAma kI thI / zvetAmbara - Agama sUtroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn yahA~ ke pUrNabhadra caitya nAmaka prasiddha udyAna meM Thaharate the / isa prakAra, campA kA sambandha bhagavAn mahAvIra se adhika rahA hai / isa campApurI se sambandha rakhane vAlI aisI aneka kathAe~ jainapurANoM, mahApurANoM aura kathAkoza meM milatI haiM, jinameM vividha jaina nArIratna citrita hue haiN| hama yahA~ do-eka prastuta kareMge / rAnI padmAvatI campA meM dadhivAhana nAma kA rAjA thaa| usakI rAnI padmAvatI nAma kI thii| eka bAra rAnI garbhavatI huI aura usa hAlata meM use hAthI para baiThakara udyAna bhramaNa kI icchA huI / icchA ke anusAra bhramaNa kI taiyArI huii| rAjA-rAnI eka hAthI para cle| rAste meM rAjakIya hAthI bigar3a gayA aura donoM ko lekara jaMgala kI ora bhaagaa| rAnI ke kahane para rAjA ne eka baragada kI DAla pakar3akara jAna bacA lI, para rAnI ko lekara hAthI ghora jaMgala meM pahu~cA aura vahA~ eka tAlAba meM ghusate hI rAnI hAthI kI pITha se pAnI meM kUda gaI aura tairakara bAhara nikala aaii| jaMgala se kisI prakAra nikalakara rAnI padmAvatI dantapura pahu~cI aura vahA~ eka Arthika se dIkSA lekara tapasyA karane lagI / 264 | chaThA khaNDa : nArI samAja ke vikAsa meM jaina sAdhviyoM kA yogadAna
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________________ sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha rAnI ne pahale to apane garbha ko gupta rakhA, kintu anta meM vaha mAtRtva kI vedanA se abhibhUta ho gaI / yathAsamaya rAnI ne putra prasava kiyA aura vaha apane navajAta putra ko apane nAma kI aMgUThI dekara eka sundara kambala meM lapeTakara nIrava nizItha meM zmazAna meM chor3a AI / zmazAna - pAlaka ne usa putra kA pAlanapoSaNa kiyA aura zarIra meM khAja ho jAne ke kAraNa usa bAlaka kA nAma ' karkaNDU' rakhA / bar3A hone para saubhAgyavaza karkaNDU ne kaMcanapura kA rAjya prApta kiyA / eka bAra karkaNDU aura | campA ke rAjA dadhivAhana (arthAt, pitA-putra) meM kisI bAta se manomAlinya ho gayA, phalataH donoM Apasa meM jha par3e / AryikA padmAvatI ko jaba yaha samAcAra milA ki pitA-putra meM a-jAnakArI ke kAraNa yuddha ho rahA hai, taba vaha yuddha sthala para pahu~cI aura donoM kA paraspara paricaya karA diyA / dadhivAhana ne anAvazyaka raktapAta ruka jAne ke kAraNa sAdhvI padmAvatI ko dhanyavAda diyA aura svayaM patnI kA anukaraNa kara jaina zramaNa ho gayA / rAnI rohiNI isI campAnagarI meM rAjA maghavA aura rAnI zrImatI se zrIpAla, guNapAla, avanipAla, vasupAla, zrIdhara, guNadhara, yazodhara aura raNasiMha - ye ATha putra aura rohiNI nAma kI eka sundara kanyA huI / rohiNI ke pichale janmoM ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha atyanta durgandha vAlI azubha kanyA thI tathA pApa ke prabhAva se ise aneka kaSTa uThAne par3e the / isane 'rohiNI vrata' kiyA thA, usI ke prabhAva se ise sundara rUpa, sugaMdha aura sambhrAnta kula prApta huA / yaha rohiNI rAjA azoka kI rAnI bnii| kucha dinoM ke bAda rAjA azoka ne saMsAra se virakta ho svAmI vAsupUjya ke samavazaraNa (Ama sabhA) meM jina dIkSA grAhaNa kI aura rohiNI ne kamalazrI AryikA se vrata liyA / anta meM tapasyA karatI huI rohiNI solahaveM svarga meM devatA ho gaI / kanyA nAgazrI prAcIna kAla meM campApurI meM candravAhana nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thA / usakI rAnI kA nAma thA lakSamati / rAjA ke purohita kA nAma nAgazarmA thA / nAgazarmA svabhAvataH mithyAdRSTi thA, isalie usakI kanyA nAgazrI usase udAsa rahatI thii| eka bAra nAgazrI ne AcArya sUryamitra se paMcANuvrata grahaNa kara liye / parantu, pitA nAgazarmA ne usI AcArya ko vaha vrata lauTA dene kI AjJA dI / jaba nAgazarmA apanI putrI nAgazrI ko sAtha lekara muni sUryamitra ke pAsa jA rahA thA, taba mArga meM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, vyabhicAra aura anucita saMcaya karane vAloM ko daNDa pAte dekhakara kanyA ne pitA se anurodha kiyA ki pitAjI, jaba pApa karane vAloM ko daNDa milatA hai, taba mujhe phira kyoM isa vrata ko chor3ane kA Adeza dete haiM ? nAgazarmA nAgazrI ke isa prazna se atizaya prabhAvita huA aura usane putrI ko vrata rakhane kA Adeza to diyA hI, svayaM bhI vratI ho gayA / isa prakAra, AdhyAtmika aura Adhibhautika utkarSa se samRddha campAnagarI prAcIna jaina nArI-ratnoM kI gaurava - rekhAoM se AveSTita usa kAla kI dharma prabhAvanA se prabuddha nagaroM ke svarNima itihAsa kI paricAyikA hai / yahA~ bihAra ke una jaina nArI ratnoM ke bhI puNya nAma smaraNIya haiM / jinhoMne tIrthaMkaroM ko janma dikara apanA mAtRtva saphala kiyaa| prathama to campApurI ke hI bArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya haiM, jinakI mAtA prAcIna jaina kathAoM meM bihAra kI jaina nAriyA~ : DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva | 265
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________________ AMARATulanni.nahununi a sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha kA nAma jayA thaa| dvitIya, mithilA ke unnIsaveM tIrthakara malli bhagavatI thIM jinakI mAtA kA nAma prajAvatI thaa| tRtIya rAjagRha ke bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvratanAtha haiM, jinakI mAtA zyAmA nAma kI thiiN| caturtha mithilA ke hI ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara naminAtha haiM, jinakI jananI vipulA nAma kI thii| paMcama kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAma (vaizAlI) ke caubIsaveM jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra haiM, jinakI mAtA kA nAma trizalA yA priyakAriNI thaa| sacamuca, ina mAtR ratnoM se bihAra kA gaurava sadA udgrIva rhegaa| jaina kathA-sAhitya ke adhyetAoM se yaha avidita nahIM hai ki dharmasevA aura janasevA meM jaina nAriyoM kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai / bhAratIya itihAsa se bhI yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki purAkAlIna nAriyA~ viduSI, dharmaparAyaNa evaM karttavyaniSTha hotI thI / tatkAlIna nAriyoM ke 'abalA' kI saMjJA prApta karane kA udAharaNa kadAcit hI milatA hai| nirbhaya, vIra tathA apane samAja aura satItva ke saMrakSaNa meM sAvadhAna evaM sadA satarka aura satat prabuddha nAriyoM ke aneka udAharaNa purANoM meM milate haiM / yaha sarvavidita hai ki nAriyoM meM nisargataH sevA karane kI apUrva kSamatA hotI hai| kathA-granthoM meM aise kitane hI divya bhavya udAharaNa bhare-par3e haiM ki nAriyoM ne apane pAtivratya aura gRhiNItva kI maryAdA akSuNNa rakhate hue rAjya ke saMrakSaNa meM adbhuta kArya kiyA hai / sAtha hI, avasara A par3ane para yuddha meM bhI sammilita hokara zatruoM ke dA~ta khaTTe kiye haiN| vaidika paramparA meM bhI maitreyI, kAtyAyanI, gArgI, gautamI jaisI mahIyasI mahilAoM ke divya darzana hote haiN| inake vimala AcaraNa aura vismayajanaka vaiduSya kI bAta Aja bhI jana mAnasa ko prerita karatI hai| zramaNa-saMskRti ke kAla meM nAriyoM kA abhUtapUrva utthAna huA, jisakA mUla kAraNa hai bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nAriyoM ke prati udAra dRSTikoNa / isI kA phala hai ki zramaNa-saMskRti meM anekAneka nAriyoM meM ne Atma sAdhanA evaM dharma sAdhanA ke sAtha hI jana-jAgaraNa ke mArga meM sadaiva agragati hone kA prayAsa kiyaa| hai aura isameM ve saphala bhI huI haiN| prakhyAta jainAcArya jinasena (1110 I0) ke 'Adi purANa' grantha se yaha patA calatA hai ki usa samaya nAriyoM kA sahayoga sAmAjika, rAjanItika, Arthika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika evaM sAhityika-sabhI / kSetroM meM prApta thaa| jainakAla meM nArI kevala bhogaiSaNA kI pUrti kA sAdhana nahIM thI, varan use bhI svatantra rUpa se vikasita aura pallavita hone kI samucita suvidhAe~ prApta thiiN| kanyA, gRhiNI, jananI aura vidhavA partha kA sadupayoga karane ke sAtha hI parArtha meM bhI tatpara thIM / AcArya jinasena ke anusAra jaina nAriyA~ ise apanA mUlamantra mAnatI thIM : __tadeva nanu pANDityaM yatsaMsArAtsamuddharet / arthAt saMsAra se uddhAra pA lenA hI paNDitAI yA caturAI hai / vastutaH, jainakAlIna nAriya Adarza kI koTi meM parigaNanIya thiiN| [lekha meM varNita aneka ghaTanAe~ va tathya zvetAmbara paramparA meM prasiddha tathyoM se bhinna haiM, vidvA lekhaka unake sandarbha dete to pAThaka kI jJAna-pipAsA tRpta ho jAtI / samAdhAna hetu jijJAsu lekhaka samparka kara sakate haiN| patA-zrIraMjana sUrideva, pI0 ena0 sinhA kaoNlonI bhikhanA pahAr3I, paTanA 6, -sampAdaka 206-ThachakhaNDa : nArI samAja ke vikAsa meM jaina sAdhviyAM kA yogadAna www.jainelil23