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________________ prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmayameM prayoga zrI zrIraMjana sUrideva ema0 e0 (prAkRta-jainazAstra) vaidika kavayoMne mAnava-jIvanakI sAdhanAke rUpameM jJAna, karma aura upAsanA-ina tInoMko hI atyAvazyaka hai| ina tInoM ke samanvita rUpakI vaidika saMjJA 'trayI vidyA' hai| trayI vidyAkI samanvita sAdhanA hI vaidika dRSTi meM yoga hai / yahI yoga mAnava-jIvanako paripUrNa banAtA hai aura use usake antima lakSyakI prApti karA sakatA hai / mRtyu para vijaya prApta karane ke lie ukta yogako chor3a aura koI dUsarA rAstA nahIM hai tameva viditvAtimRtyumeti, nAnyaH panthA vidyate ayanAya / / ajJeya tattvako jAnanA AsAna nahIM hai| usake lie sAdhanAkI AvazyakatA hai| jisane sAre lokoMko utpanna kiyA aura jo pratyeka manuSyake bhItara vidyamAna hai, vaha nizcaya hI jJAna aura karmakI sammilita zakti-sAdhanAse jAnA jA sakatA hai| vedameM jJAna aura karmake yogako hI 'yajJa' kahA gayA hai| 'yajJa'kA bar3A vyApaka artha hai| sAmAnyataH, jJAnapUrvaka apane-apane karmoko yogya rItise karate jAnA hI 'yajJa' mAnA gayA hai / vedottara kAlameM yahI 'yajJa' 'yoga' meM pariNata ho gayA, aisA hamArA vizvAsa hai| ___ 'yajJa' apane-ApameM eka adbhuta pada hai aura vaidika RSiyoMkA vismayakArI AviSkAra bhii| yajJo vai zreSThatamaM karma kahakara yajJako sarvopari sthAna diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI, yajJa ko karmakA pratIka bhI mAnA gayA hai| vaidika RSiyoM dvArA yajJakI anivAryatA isalie batalAI gaI ki manuSya yajJa dvArA nirantara kriyAzIla banA rhe| yoga bhI manuSyake kriyAzIla yA gatizIla bane rahanekA zarIrAdhyAtma sAdhana hai / aSTAMga yogakA pUrvArddha zArIrika pakSase sambaddha hai, to uttarArddha mAnasika pakSa se / isase spaSTa hai ki kri vicAra yA jJAnakA santulana hI yoga hai| vedoMmeM sAdhanA yA yogake sandarbha meM isI dRSTiko pallavita kiyA gayA hai, 'yoga' zabdakA spaSTa ullekha vahA~ prAyaH nahIM miltaa| veda paravartI kAlameM 'yoga' zabdako AdhyAtmika-dhArmika sandarbhose jor3a diyA gayA / vedakI vibhinna vyAkhyAe~ huI haiM evaM vedAdhRta aneka grantha bhI nirmita hue haiN| inameM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, mahApurANa, upapurANa, smRtiyoM aura dharmazAstroM kI gaNanA hotI hai| ina granthoM meM yoga kI hI carcA nahIM hai, apitu yogiyoMkI kathAe~ aura yogAbhyAsa-sambandhI vistRta upadeza bhI haiN| purANottara kAlameM yogapara svatantra grantha bhI likhe gaye aura deva-deviyoMke varNanameM unheM 'yogigamya', 'yogavibhUtiyukta' Adi vizeSaNa diye gye| vaidika dhArAke atirikta bauddha evaM jaina dhArAmeM yoga aura yogiyoMkI carcA hai| bauddhadhArAmeM to yogacarcA bharapUra hai, kintu, jainadhArAmeM apekSAkRta kama hai / bauddhatantrase hI nAthoM aura siddhoM tathA vahA~se santakavi dariyAdAsa taka yogakI paramparA cacita aura arpita hai| kahanA na hogA ki bhAratake kaI sahasra varSoMke itihAsameM yoga aura usase sambandha rakhanevAle zabdoMkA vyavahAra hotA rahA hai| Aja bhI yoga, na kevala Astika, apitu nAstika parivezameM bhI bar3I abhirucike sAtha antararASTrIya stara para svIkAra kiyA jA rahA hai-- 272 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ vedameM aghora-mantra aura aghora-mArga kI carcA hai| yajurvedameM zivopAsanAparaka eka prasiddha mantra isa prakAra hai aghorebhyo'tha ghorebhyo ghorAghoratarebhyaH / sarvebhyaH sarvazarvebhyo namaste astu rudrarUpebhyaH // yoga-sambandhI AdezoM aura upadezoM kI pracuratA upaniSad-granthoMmeM milatI hai / zvetAzvatara upaniSadke dUsare adhyAyameM 'yoga' zabdakA suspaSTa ullekha milatA hai trirunnataM sthApya samaM zarIraM hRdIndriyANi manasA sannivezya / brahmoDupena pratareta vidvAn srotAMsi sarvANi bhayAvahAni // nIhAradhUmArkAnilAnalAnAM khadyotavidya tsphaTikazazinAm / etAni rUpANi purassarANi brahmaNyabhivyaktikarANi yoge|| pRthivyaptejo'nilakhe samutthite paJcAtmake yogaguNe pravRtte / na tasya rogo na jarA na mRtyuH prAptasya yogAgnibhayaM zarIram // laghutvamArogyamalolupatvaM varNaprasAdaM svarasauSThavaM ca / gandhaH zubho mUtrapurISamalpaM yogapravRtti prathamAM vadanti // arthAt, vidvAn sAdhakako cAhie ki vaha apane sira, kaNTha aura vakSako U~cA uThAye aura zarIrako sIdhA rakhe / phira, manake dvArA indriyoMkA hRdayameM nirodhakara praNava-rUpa naukAse saba bhayAvane srotoMse pAra ho jAya / yogIke samakSa kuharA, dhuA~, sUrya, vAyu, agni, juganU, vidyut, skaTikamaNi aura candramAke samAna aneka dazya dikhAI par3ate haiM, yaha saba yogakI saphalatA ke sUcaka hai / paMcamahAbhUtoMkA bhale prakAra utthAna hone para aura paMcayoga-sambandhI guNoMke siddha ho jAnepara yogase tejasvI hue dehako pA leneke bAda sAdhaka roga, jarA aura mRtyuse mukta ho jAtA hai| dehakA halkA honA, Arogya, bhoga-nivRtti, varNakI ujjvalatA, svarasauSThava, zreSThagandha, malamUtrakI kamI, yaha saba yogako prathama siddhi batAI gaI hai / isa prakAra, upaniSatkAlameM yoga aura yaugika kriyAoMkI pratyakSa carcA milatI hai| dhyAnabindUpaniSadeM dhyAnayogakI mahattA batalAte hue upaniSatkArane kahA hai yadi zailasamaM pApaM vistIrNa bahayojanam / bhidyate dhyAnayogena nAnyo bhedaH kadAcana // arthAt, yadi parvatake samAna aneka yojana vistAravAle pApa bhI hoM, to bhI ve dhyAnayogase naSTa ho jAte haiN| isake atirikta, aura kisI taraha unakA nAza nahIM hotaa| zivasaMhitAke prathama paTalameM mahAdevakA vacana hai--'saba zAstroMko dekha aura bAra-bAra vicAra karake yaha nizcita huA ki yogazAstra hI sabase uttama hai| yogazAstrake mAna lene para saba kuchakA jJAna ho jAtA hai / isalie, yogazAstrameM hI parizrama karanA cAhie, anya zAstroMkA kucha prayojana nahIM hai / gorakSavacanasaMgrahameM to yoga-prakriyAkI aneka gar3ha bAtoMko vizadatApUrvaka batAyA gayA hai| yoginIhRdayameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa vyaktikI kama-se-kama chaha mahIne sAtha rahakara parIkSA kara lI gaI ho, use hI yogavidyA denI caahie| yogavidyA jAnane para tatkAla AkAza-saMcaraNakI zakti prApta ho jAtI hai| viSNupurANameM 'dhAraNA ke sambandhameM bar3I vizadatAse carcA kI gaI hai| isa chaThe aMga dhAraNAse hI vividha : 273
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________________ sAtaveM aMga 'dhyAna'ko sAdhya batAyA gayA hai / zrImadbhagavadgItA meM yogakI vividhatApUrNa, bArIka evaM vyAvahArika paribhASAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / gItAke aTThArahoM adhyAya aTThAraha yogake rUpameM varNita haiM / ina aTThArahoM yogoMmeM bhagavAn kRSNane karmayogakI zreSThatA siddha kI hai ( 2138-41 ) aura karmake prati kuzalatAko hI 'yoga' kahA hai ('yogaH karmasu kauzalam' ) | karmakA svabhAva kaSAya yA bandhana utpanna karanA hai / karmake prati samatvabuddhi-rUpa kauzalako apanAnese hI karmakI svAbhAvika bandhanazakti naSTa hotI hai / karma ke bandhana se mukta vyakti hI brahma aura AtmAke ekatva-darzana rUpa 'yoga' ke pratilAbha meM samartha hotA hai / gItAke chaTheM adhyAyameM bhagavAn kRSNane kahA hai ki karmaphalakI AzA na karake jo apane nityakartA ka karmakA sampAdana karate haiM, vahI yogI aura saMnyAsI hai / kyoMki, karmaphalakA tyAga karanevAlA hI karmayogI hotA hai / dhyAnayoga ke antaraMga sAdhanameM azakta vyakti ke lie niSkAmabhAvase karmakA anuSThAna hI bahiraMga sAdhana hai / jo vyakti bahiraMga sAdhanameM samartha hotA hai, vahI dhIre-dhIre antaraMga sAdhana dvArA yogArUDha honekI zakti prApta kara letA hai| zuddha manavAlA vyakti apanA uddhAra Apa kara letA hai aura viSayAsakta manavAle bandhanameM par3a jAte haiM / jitendriya, prazAnta aura yogArUDha vyaktiko hI abhijJAna hotA hai aura AtmajJAnasampanna hI jIvanmukta hote haiM aura jo jIvanmukta haiM, ve zIta-uSNa, sukha-duHkha tathA mAnApamAnakI sthiti meM bhI kabhI vicalita nahIM hote| unake lie miTTI, patthara, sonA saba barAbara hote haiM: samatvaM yoga ucyate / Asana aura dhyAnakI mahattA pratipAdita karate hue gItA kahatI hai ki yogI nirjana ekAkI sthAnameM nirAkAMkSa aura parigrahazUnya hokara deha aura manameM saMyamapUrvaka antaHkaraNako samAhita kare / svabhAvataH yA saMskArataH zuddha sthAnameM kuza, vastra yA mRgacarma dvArA racita na adhika U~ce, na adhika nIce Asanapara AtmAko sthira karanA caahie| yogI adhika bhojana aura adhika nidrAse bace, sAtha hI anAhAra aura anidrAko varjanIya samajhe / gItAkA upadeza hai ki yoga usIke lie sukhaprada ho sakatA hai, jisake AhAra-vihAra, nidrA - jAgaraNa aura sabhI prakArako karmaceSTAe~ niyamita haiN| yogI tabhI yogasiddha ho sakatA hai, jaba vaha cittanirodhapUrvaka sabhI kAmanAoMse mukta evaM bAhya cintAse dUra rahakara apanI AtmAmeM avasthita hotA hai / yogIkA citta nirvAta vAtAvaraNa meM sthita niSkrampa dIpazikhAkI bhA~ti hotA hai| caitanya jyotisvarUpa AtmajJAna prApta kara lenepara yogI ke lie anya koI bhI sAMsArika vastu aprApya nahIM pratIta hotI / sampUrNa duHkhoMse Atyantika nivRtti rUpa AtmAvasthiti hI 'samAdhi' hai, jise gItAne 'brAhmI sthiti' kahA hai / isa prakAra, bhAratIya prAcIna granthoMmeM yogakI carcA bar3I vizadatA aura pracuratAse huI hai| kintu, yogI vyAvahArika vyAkhyA ke lie zrImadbhagavadgItA aura purANa- paravartI kAlameM yogakI zAstrIya nyAkhyAke lie yogasUtra ( ' pAtaMjaladarzana ' ) - ye donoM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiM / prasiddha bhAratIya chaha darzanoM meM 'yogadarzana' kA apanA mahattva hai / agara hama yaha kaheM ki yogadarzanakA jJAna honepara hI anya sAre darzana hRdayaMgama ho sakate haiM, to atyukti nahIM hogI / vaidikottara darzanoMmeM pramukha bauddhadarzana aura jainadarzana meM yogako puMkhAnupuMkha carcA huI hai / sampUrNa bauddhadarzanako 'yogadarzana' kA hI paryAya kahA jAnA caahie| haThayoga tathA rAjayoga meM SaDaMga yA aSTAMga donoM hI prakhyAta haiM / kintu, bauddhoMkA SaDaMgayoga isase vilakSaNa hai / prasiddha tantravettA mahAmahopAdhyAya paM0 gopInAtha kavirAjane AcArya narendradeva ke bauddha-dharma-darzanakI bhUmikA meM likhA hai ki bauddhoMke SaDaMga yogakA prAcIna vivaraNa guhyasamAjameM tathA maMjuzrIkRta kAlacakrottarameM pAyA jAtA hai / paravarttI sAhitya meM, vizeSataH napAda kI sekoddezaTIkAmeM tathA marmakalikAtantra meM isakA varNana / ise 'boddhayoga' ke nAmase bhI abhi 274 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana grantha
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________________ hita kiyA jAtA hai| pratyAhAra, dhyAna, prANAyAma, dhAraNA, anusmRti aura samAdhi ye SaDaMga yoga hai| samAjottaratantra ke anusAra, SaDaMgayogase hI buddhatva samyak sambodhi prApta ho sakatI hai| hInayAniyoMkI dRSTise, yoga dvArA hI bhavakI pravRttikA nirodha aura nirvANameM praveza hotA hai| mahAyAniyoM ke anusAra, yogI samAdhike dvArA tathatA yA samatAkA pratyakSIkaraNa karate haiN| kuzala yA zubhameM cittakI ekAgratA hI samAdhi hai| yogameM samatAkI bhAvanAkA pakSa lete hue bhagavAn buddhane kahA hai : 'yogIkI prajJA iSTa-aniSTameM tAdibhAva, yAnI samabhAvakA AvAhana karatI hai| bauddhoMke anusAra, 'yogAnuyoga' hI karma hai aura 'karmasthAna' hI yogakA sAdhana hai| yahI 'karmasthAna' 'samAdhi'kI pariNati kI ora le jAtA hai / bhagavAna buddhane Anandase kahA thA ki ve svayaM kalyANamitra haiM; kyoMki unakI zaraNameM jAkara hI jIva janmake bandhanase mukta hote haiM : mamaM hi Ananda kalyANamittamAgamma jAtidhammA sattA jAtiyA parimuccanti / (saMyuttanikAya, 188) / isa prakAra, zrImadbhagavadgItA / tathA bauddhadarzana kI yogasambandhI dhAraNAe~ aura vyAkhyAe~ prAyaH samAnAntara rUpase calatI hai| kintu, jainadArzanikoMne yogake mUlAdhArake antaraMga sAmyako svIkArate hue bhI apanI yaugika vyAkhyA apane DhaMgase kI hai| isa prasaMgameM muni maMgalavijayajI mahArAjakA yogapradIpa grantha yogakI vyApaka vivecanAkI dRSTise paryApta mahattva rakhatA hai| maMgalavijayajI bhI pAtaMjala yogadarzanase atizaya prabhAvita haiN| phira bhI, unhoMne yogakI bhavyazailImeM varNanA kI hai| maMgalavijayajIne pataMjali-nidiSTa yogake aSTAMgakI svIkRti dI hai, kintu unhoMne 'cittavRttinirodha'ko yoga na mAnakara 'dharmavyApArarUpatA'ko yoga kahA hai / 'dharmavyApAra'kI vyAkhyA karate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki 'samatAkI rakSA' hI dharma kA vyApAra hai / jainasAhityake sUtrakRtAMga jaise prAcIna sUtrameM 'yoga' zabdakA vyavahAra huA hai| jainatattvavidyAmeM mana, vANI aura zarIrakI pravRttiko bhI yoga kahA gayA hai| kintu, sAdhanAke arthameM 'saMvara' yA 'pratimA kA prayoga adhika pracalita hai| AcArya haribhadrane una sAre dhArmika vyApAroMko yoga kahA hai, jo vyaktiko muktise jor3ate haiM : mokkheNaM joyaNAo jogo savvo vi dhmmvaavaaro| Adhunika kAlake prasiddha jainAcArya AcAryazrI tulasIne apane 'manonuzAsanam' granthame 'yoga'ko 'manakA anuzAsaka' batalAyA hai| antameM hama yogadarzana pustakake lekhaka tathA prasiddha yogavettA DaoN0 sampUrNAnandake zabdoMmeM kaheM ki bhAratake kaI sahasra varSoM ke itihAsameM yoga aura usase sambandha rakhanevAle zabdoMkA vyavahAra dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika vAGmayameM, jo bhAratIya AtmAkI abhivyaktikA sabase vizada aura vyApaka mAdhyama hai, sarvatra vyApta ho gayA hai| antataH kahanA hogA ki jahA~-jahA~ bhAratIya prabhAva pahu~cA hai. vahA~-vahA~ ya pahu~ca gayA hai| kyoMki, bhAratIyatA aura yoga donomeM avinAbhAvi sambandha hai| isalie, bhAratIya yogakI kiraNeM digdiganta meM prasAra pA rahI haiN| isa sandarbha meM yaha kahanA anucita na hogA ki jyoM-jyoM vizva meM bhautikatAkA sAmrAjya vistAra pAtA jAyagA, tyoM-tyoM bhAratIya RSi-muniyoM dvArA AviSkRta yoga-saMjIvanIkI mAMga nitya-nirantara bar3hatI hI calI jaaygii| vividha : 275