Pathik 1998 Vol 38 Ank 07

Author(s): Nagjibhai K Bhatti and Other
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535451/1

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pathika (itihAsa-purAtattvanuM eka mAtra gujarAtI mAsika) Adya taMtrI sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa taMtrImaMDaLa DaoN. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa varSa : 38 muM, aMka : 7 vi.saM.2054 : caitra sana 1998 : eprila svAtaMtrya suvarNa jayaMtI vizeSAMka ApaNI AjhAdInuM A suvarNa jayaMtI varSa hovAthI pathikano AgAmI julAIoNgasTa aMka svAtaMtrya suvarNa jayaMtI vizeSAMka tarIke 15 oNgasTe pragaTa karavAnuM vicAryuM che. A aMkamAM I.sa. 1857 thI I.sa. 1947 sudhInI svAtaMtryanI laData, svAtaMtrya senAnIonI bhUmikA tathA rASTravAda aMgenA lekho temaja tasvIro paNa svIkAravAmAM Avaze. lekhakone vinaMtI ke A viSayane lagatA potAnA sapramANa lekho jUna mahinAnA aMta sudhImAM pathika kAryAlayanA saranAme mokalI ApavA. lekha apragaTa hovAM joIe. temaja lekhonI bhASA ane joDaNI zuddha hoya e iSTa che. A kAryamAM sau lekhaka mitrono sahakAra maLI raheze tevI AzA che. me ane jUnanA aMko rAbetA mujaba pragaTa thaze. saMpAdaka. - subhASa brahmabhaTTa For Private and Personal Use Only

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pathika svAtaMtrya suvarNa jayaMtI vizeSAMka koi paNa vizeSAMka bahAra pADavo e kharcALa prakriyA che. pathika'ne Arthika rIte saddhara banAvavA A vizeSAMkamAM mitro pAsethI jAherAto meLavI mokalI ApavA vinaMtI che. jAherAvaLA bra TAiTala peja 2-3 - AkhuM pAnuM rUA. 2000TAiTala peja 4 - AkhuM pAnuM rUA. pa000/ aMkanI aMdaranuM AkhuM pAnuM rUA. 10OOjAherAtanuM meTara tathA ceka/DrAphTa pathika kAryAlaya'nA nAmano kaDhAvI. c/o. bho.je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. koleja kempasa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 nA saranAme mokalI ApavA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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TrasTI-maMDaLa pathika sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa smAraka TrasTa sUcanA Do. ke. kA. zAstrI, DaoN. cinubhAI nAyaka, De. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, pathika pratyeka aMgrejI mahinAnI De. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa 15mI tArIkhe prasiddha thAya che. pachInA 15 divasamAM aMka na maLe to sthAnika posTa ophisamAM likhita phariyAda karavI ane nakala amane mokalavI. varSa 38 muM 1 catra, saM. 2054 : eprila, 1998 [ aMka 7 pathika sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA ane jJAnanuM mAsika che. jIvanane anukrama UrdhvagAmI banAvatAM abhyAsapUrNa | ane ziSTa maulika lakhANone bhAratIya saMskRti ane saMto - Do. rA. ThA. sAvaliyA 1| svIkAravAmAM Ave che. prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI bhAratanuM paheluM samAcArapatra -prA. nItA parIkha prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI saradAra paTelanI vANI -DaoN. maheza ema. trivedI 7 lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. kRti sArA akSare zAhIthI ane rASTravAda ane janajAgRtinA vikAsamAM kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI hovI joIe. kRtimAM koI anya gAMdhIyuganA gItonuM pradAna -prA. vikeza paMDyA 9 bhASAnAM avataraNa mUkyAM hoya to kacchanA Arthika vikAsanAM pariprekSyamAM eno gujarAtI tarajUmo Apavo jarUrI che. kaMDalA baMdaranuM mahattva -prA. ema. je. paramAra 13 kRtimAMnA vicAronI javAbadArI lekhakanI raheze. pathikamAM prasiddha thatI kRtionA grAhakone vinaMti : vicAro-abhiprAyo sAthe taMtrI lavAjamAM mokalatAM temaja anya patravyavahAra karatAM potAno grAhaka | sahamata che ema na samajavuM. nambara avazya noMdhavo. grAhakanambara nahi maLatAM InDeksa-slipo temaja keTalIkavAra asvIkRta kRti pAchI me " " ! grAhaka-nodhapothI tapAsatA ghaNuM kaSTa paDe che. AjIvana sahAyaka temaja vArSika | jarUrI TikiTo AvI rahelAM to tarata grAhako beu mATe A vinaMti che. parata karAza, lavAjamo : vArSika grAhakonAM ghaNAM lavAjamAM hajI bAkI che. potAnuM namUnAnA aMkanI nakala mATe varSa pUruM thatAM ja lavAjama mokalI ApavuM ke jethI grAhaka tarIke cAla rahevA mAge | pa-00 nI TikiTa mokalavI. che ke nahi e spaSTa thAya. ma.o.DrAphaTa-patro mATe lakho : pathika kAryAlaya vArSika lavAjama rU. 35/- pAtrIsa : chUTaka nakalanA rU.4-50 | Co. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, TapAla kharca sAthe : AjIvana sahAyakanA rU. 401/ | Azrama roDa, lavAjama mATe ma.o. yA benka DrAphTa "pathika kAryAlayanA nAmano amadAvAda-380009 kaDhAvI mokalavo. ( e sthaLe mokalo. pathika kAryAlaya vatI mudraka prakAzaka : pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa, Cho, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. kaoNlejanA kempasamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 mudraNasthAna : kriSnA grAphiksa, 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 phona : 7484393 . tA. 15-4-98 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratIya saMskRti ane saMto DaoN. rA. ThA. sAvaliyA * saMto e bhAratIya saMskRtinuM pratIka che. vizvanA itihAsamAM ghaNI saMskRtio kALanA garbhamAM lIna thaI gaI che, chatAMya sanAtana saMskRti vedakALathI mAMDI Aja paryaMta yugayugAMtarathI cAlI AvI che. AnA rahasyamAM dhaNuM karIne A saMskRti tenI AdhyAtmikatAnI AdhArazIlA para pratiSThita thayela che e che. vedo ane zAstronA siddhAMtone potAnA jIvananA tANAvANAmAM vaNI lenArA saMto che. A saMto ja AdhyAtmika jIvananA prareka che. bhAratIya saMskRtinA vikAsamAM saMto-mahAtmAono anero ane amUlya phALo che. bhAratIya saMskRtimAM saMtonuM eka AgavuM, vilakSaNa vyaktitva che. tatvanuM AyerAgyuM, na svat, maiM punarbhavam / kAmaye duHkhataptAnAM prANInAmArta nAzanam // A che bhAratIya saMtonI divyavANI, uccabhAvanA ane mAnava prema. "divya saMta evA thayA, sImA na jenA jJAnanI, mATI Alaukika che kharekhara, A deza hindustAnanI." bhArate jagatanA uddhArArthe, saMtonI hAramALA vizvane samarpI che. jyAre jyAre bhAratamAM adharma ane vinAzanAM vAdaLo gherAvAM lAgyAM. aMdaro aMdara kaleza ane kusaMpa patharAvA lAgyo, mAmakA : pAMDavA-nI bhAvanAe bhedanI dIvAlo UbhI karI, satyarmano prakAza baMdha thaI kevaLa timiranuM sAmrAjya prasaravA lAgyuM, tyAre tyAre A avanI para saMtoe mAnava jAtane bacAvavA potAnAM jIvana hoDamAM mUkayAM che. temaNe potAnuM sarvasva samarpIne paNa mAnavatA ane saMskRtinI rakSA karI che. bhArata upara ATa ATalAM sAMskRtika AkramaNo thayAM hovAM chatAMya vedasaMskRti haju paNa aDIkhama UbhelI che tenuM eka mukhya kAraNa e saMto-mahAtmAono adbhuta tyAga ane bhagiratha puruSArtha che. saMto apUrva tyAga, saMpUrNa samarpaNa ane apAra jJAnano mArga cIMdhe che. eka pArasanA sparzathI loDhuM sonuM bane paNa saMta rUpa pArasamaNinA sparzathI to mAnava pArasa ja bane, emanAM jIvana zAMti, saumyatA, dayA, tapa, nikhAlasatA, tAdAtmya, jJAna ane sAkSAtkAra jevA guNothI puSTa hoya che. teoe AvA ja guNone saMskRtinI gaLathUthImAM pAyA che jethI bhAratIya saMskRtimAM AdhyAtmikatAno raMga pAko banyo che. nadIone tIre tIre, DuMgaronI Toce-Toce, araNyonI ghaTAomAM, tIrthomAM ane gAmane sImADe bhAratanA saMto vizALa ane bhavya-divya jIvanano saMdeza AkhIya sRSTine ApatA ja rahyA che. pRthvInA paTa upara evo koI deza bhAgye ja haze ke jyAM AvA saMto parvatonI digatavyApI hAramALAnI jema patharAelA paDayA hoya. bhAratanA saMtoe aNutAga sAhitya ane jJAnano ajoDa bhaMDAra vizva kalyANArthe khullo mUkyo che. vedo, upaniSadonA e gUDha jJAnane saMtoe ati saraLa lokabhASAmAM potAnA jIvananA svAnubhavasaha rajU karyuM ke jethI samagra mAnavajAta e jJAnano lAbha laI zake. saMtomAM saMkucitatA jarAya hotI nathI. temane koI dharma ke saMpradAyanA vADAnAM baMdhana hotAM nathI. teo haMmezAM jIvanamukta sthitino AhlAda anubhavatA heAya che. teonuM lakSya pUrNamaya: * * AdhyApaka, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 'pathika' - eprila * 1998 * 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pUrNamimAM u52 ja hoya che. teoe dvaM satno anubhava karelo hoya che. tethI ja temanI dRSTie mitra ke zatru, sukha duHkha moha ke zoka badhuM ja samAna hoya che. teo AtmAnuM sarvatra samadarzana karatA hoya che. emanA daihika ama ane mamano lopa thayelo hoya che. ke ' teo haMmezA prema, zAMti ane sahanazIlatAno Adeza ApatA hoya che ane potAnAmAM tene caritArtha karatA hoya che. teo haMmezA kahetA hoya che : "sahanAvavatu saumunatu, sahavIrya varavA vahai / tejasvinAvadhItamastu `sAvidviSAvahai / " ' temanuM jIvana niSkAma hoya che. gItAmAM kahyuM che ke jarmanyevAdhiAraste mA teNu vAvana A temano jIvanamaMtra hoya che-basa ananya bhAvathI jagatanI sevA karavI ane sarata svamAna, nahi mana buTitApha, yathA sAma saMtoSI-A temanuM lakSaNa hoya che. sarve'trasuravIna: sattu e temanI bhAvanA hoya che. saMto jagatanI jaDatAmAMthI ni:zreyasanA mArge sarvane dorI jAya che. A ja puNyabhUmimAM prema-jJAna tyAga siMdhu pUrNAvatAra zrIkRSNe gItAno upadeza Apyo, satyadharmanuM darzana karAvyuM. A ja tapobhUmimAM ahiMsAmUrti tapa-tyAga sAgara bhagavAna mahAvIranAM puNya pagalAM paDyAM ane duniyAmAM peThelA anAcAranAM AvaraNo dUra thayAM. A ja karmabhUmimAM karuNA-sAgara bhagavAna buddhe jagatane vizva premano saMdeza Apyo, kalyANano rAjamArga ciMdhyo ane ahiMsAnI sAttvika jyoti pragaTAvI. A ja dharmabhUmimAM jJAnamUrti jagadguru zaMkarAcArye sAMskRtika ekatA sthApI jJAna-vedAMtanA dhvanine gUMjato karyo je Aja paryaMta avicchinna che. A ja premabhUmimAM bhakti-samrATa zrI vallabhAcArye bhaktinI bhAgirathI vahevaDAvI. Aja yogabhUmimAM dharma diggaja AcAryo zrI rAmAnujAcArya, niMbArkAcArya, madhvAcArya, caitanya mahAprabhujI jevAoe jJAna ane bhaktinA samuccaya dvArA navA ja rAhanuM pathadarzana karyuM. A ja divya bhUmimAM kabIra, gurunAnaka jevA saMto udbhava pAmyA. A ja saMta bhUmimAM jJAnadeva, ekanAtha, tulasIdAsa, sUradAsa, narasiMha mahetA, mIrAMbAI, jalArAma, sAMIbAbA, saMta tiruvalluvara jevAo satya-zodhananA prayAsane vegavaMta karyA. A ja devabhUmimAM rAmAnaMda, samartha rAmadAsa, tukArAma, sahajAnaMda svAmI dayAnaMda jevAoe pAkhaMDanuM khaMDana karI satkarmane prakAzamAna karyo. rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa, svAmI vivekAnaMda, svAmI rAmatIrtha, araviMda ghoSa ane ramaNa maharSie dharma, saMskRti ane bhAratanI rASTrabhAvanAne zuddha banAvyAM. teoe prItama, akho, vallabha bhaTTa vagere ane jJAta-ajJAta saMtoe Aryatvano uddhAra karyo. lokamAnya tilaka, vinobA bhAve, paMDita sAtavaLekarajIe dharma mATe potAnuM sarvasva rASTrane samaryuM. temaNe dharmane navA svarUpe rajU karyo. bhAratIya saMskRtimAM mukhyatve bhaktimArganA vikAsamAM moTAbhAganA saMtoe phALo Apyo che. paNa bhAratIya saMskRtina sarvAMgINa, sArvabhauma, niSkalaMka ane kalpavRkSa jevA svarUpane samAjanA hRdayamAM pratiSThita karavAnI prakriyAmAM pU mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe je phALo Apyo che, te phALAno namUno itihAsanA utthAnakALathI mAMDIne atyAra sudhIma bhAgye ja maLI zake tema che. Ama mAnavIthI ajJAta evA kALathI mAMDIne hajAro saMtonI paraMparA UtarI Ave che. tethI bhAratavarSa e saMtonI avatArabhUmi gaNAya che. saMto e bhAratIya saMskRtino aDIkhama staMbho che. saMskRti ane tenA aikyane TakAvI, jALavI rAkhavA, teo tana, mana, dhana badhuM ja kurabAna karI de che. A saMtoe vizvamAM bhAratIya saMskRtino DaMko vagADyo che. bhAratIya saMtonI diSTa AMtamAM vaLelI hovAthI, temanI zodha AMtarathI zarU thaI jenI phalazruti rUpe teo AdhyAtmika jIvananA ane AMtara cetanAnAM rahasyo khullA karI zakyA. jyAre pAzcAtya vicArakonI dRSTi bAhyamAM hovAthI ane temanI zodha bAhya jagatamAM thatI hovAthI, teoe Adhibhautika jIvananA siddhAMto sthApyAM. RSi 'pathika' - eprila 1998 * 2 For Private and Personal Use Only

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munionI zodha adRSTa tattvanI hatI, jyAre pAzcAtya vidvAnonI zodha dazyamAna vizvanI che | vivekAnaMde yuropamAM "Brothers and Sisters" jevA uddagAro thakI vizva-baMdhutvanI, samadarzitAnI bhAvanA janmAvI. AnA mATe eka amerikana patra lakhe che. "ame murkha chIe ke amArA mizanarIone bhAratamAM mokalIe chIe ke jyAM AvAM mahAmUlAM ranonI khANa paDI che. paNa te bhArata ! tuM tArA mizanarIo ahIM mokalaje ke jethI amAro uddhAra thAya." A che bhAratIya saMtanA gaurava ane viziSTatA. atyAre sAMprata samayamAM paNa aneka saMto mAnavatAnA uddhAra mATe satata prayatnazIla che.* bhAratane saMtonI deNagI che. teoe ja bhAratane UMcA sthAne laI javAno bhAre prayatna karyo che. prema, dayA, ahiMsA, tapa, tyAga, zAMti, satya, bhakti, jJAna, kSamA, aparigraha, samadarzitA, samAnatA, virakatatA, nisvArthatA, vimaLatA, nirmaLatA, pavitratA, vAtsalya, karuNA ane paropakAritAno vizALa guNAlaya eTale ja bhAratIya saMta. kulaM pavitraM jananI kRtArthA vasundharA puNyavatI ca tena / apArasaMvitsukhasAgare'smin lInaM parabrahmaNi yasya ceta: // apAra jJAna ane sukhanA sAgararUpa parabrahmamAM jemanuM citta lIna thayuM che evA mahAtmAo je kuLamAM janmyA hoya te kuLa pavitra che, je jananInI kUkhe avataryA hoya te jananI kRtArtha che ane je bhUmi para teo janmyAM hoya te bhUmi bhAgyazALI che. pathika' - eprila 2 1998 4 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratanuM paheluM samAcArapatra prA. nItA parIkha ekavAra briTiza saMsadamAM koI mahattvanA muddAnI carcA karatA karatA eDamanDa barke patrakAratva mATe cora jAgIra' zabdano upayoga karyo tyArathI akhabAro mATe A zabda pracalita banyo che. e jamAnAmAM iMglenDamAM pahe traNa jAgIro (1) lorDajha eTale ke umarAva (2) komansa eTale sAmAnya prajAo ane (3) kalarjI eTale carca hatI. jyAre AjanA vizvamAM saMsada kArobArI ane nyAyataMtrane pahelI traNa jAgIro gaNavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu patrakAratva cothuM sthAna to yathAvatuM ja che. bhAratamAM A "cothI jAgIra'nA Agamana mATe eka rIte briTana ja javAbadAra che kAraNa ke bhAratamAM patrakAratvano prAraMbha aMgrejI zAsananI ADapedAza rUpe thayo hato. 1980nI 29mI jAnyuArIe bhAratanA prathama samAcArapatrano prAraMbha thayo hato. bhAratathI vahANomAM tejAno bharIne iMglenDa jaIne vecatA Daca vepArIoe marInA bhAvamAM vadhAro karyo jenA pratyAghAtarUpe iMglenDanA vepArIoe isTa inDiyA kaMpanInI sthApanA karI ane e sAthe ja bhAratanI basa varSanI gulAmInI kALI tavArIkha citarAI. I.sa. 1613nA prAraMbhe sara thomasa roe jahAMgIranA darabArama najarANAM peza karIne bhAratamAM vepArI thANAM nAkhavAnI paravAnagI mAMgI je baha AsAnIthI maLI gaI. e pachI sadImAM vicakSaNa vepArI evA aMgrejoe dhIme dhIme AkhA dezamAM paga pesAro karI lIdho. I.sa. 1757mAM robarTa kalAIva plAsInuM yuddha jItyo e sAthe ja baMgALa ane bihArano keTaloka pradeza briTiza hakUmata heThaLa Avyo. vepArI tarIke AvelI prajA ahIM zAsaka banI beThI, hiMdanI samRddhinA aneka guNagAna jemaNe sAMbhaLyA hatA tevA sattA lAlacu ane mahattvAkAMkSI aMgreja navayuvAnoe vatana choDIne bhArata bhaNI prayANa AdaryuM tyAre iMglenDamAM patrakAratvanA prAraMbhane pAMca dAyakA vItI gayA hatA. vizvanuM prathama niyatakAlIna patra 'DeIlI korATa' I.sa. 1702mAM laMDanathI zarU thayuM hatuM. iMglenDanI mukta ane svataMtra vicArovALI AbohavAmAMthI bhArata AvatA aMgrejone ahIM akhabAronI khoTa sAlatI. keTalAka keLavaNIpremI aMgrejonA prayAsathI baMgALamAM Thera Thera zALAo ane kolejo khUba hatI. AthI navazikSita bhAratIyonI jJAnanI bhUkha ughaDI hatI. temanI daSTi vizALa banI hatI ane dezanA anya bhAgomAM zuM banI rahyuM che te jANavAnI utsatyatA vadhI hatI. A daramIyAna ahIM mudraNakaLAno paNa sAro evo vikAsa thaI cUkyo hato. A samaye eka Daca nAgarike bhAratamAM akhabAra zarU karavAno prayAsa karyo to hato paraMtu te niSphaLa nivaDyo hato. - viliyama boTse 1766mAM 3 sapTembara mAsamAM pote eka akhabAra zarU karavA icche che tema darzAvatI eka noTisa kalakattAnA kAunsila hAusanA daravAje tathA anya jAhera sthaLoe lagAvI hatI jemAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke, "chApakhAnAnA abhAve sAmAnya loko samAcAra jANI zakatA nathI. AthI jemane chApakhAnAnA dhaMdhAmAM rasa hoya temaNe mi. boTsano saMparka sAdhavo tathA rasa dharAvatA loko mi. boTsane maLIne samAcAranI hastalikhita noMdho vAMcI zake che." boTsa laMDana tathA lisbanamAM ekathI vadhu nokarIonA anubhavo meLavIne aMte isTa inDiyA kaMpanImAM joDAyo hato paraMtu A divaso isTa inDiyA kaMpanInA adhikArIo vaccenI AMtarika laDAInA hovAthI A noTisathI khaLabhaLATa macI gayo. aMgreja adhikArIone AmAM kAvatarAMnI gaMdha AvI. boTsanI dharapakaDa karIne tAtkAlika tene iMglenDa bhego karI devAyo. Ama, prathama patra zarU karavAno prayAsa ja niSphaLatAne varyo. 'pathika - eprila : 1998 : 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tyAra bAda bAreka varSano gALo vItI gayo. yuropathI AvatA aMgrejo pArasparika saMparka mATe DAnsa ArTIo, zikAra, pikanIka ane nATakanA zonuM Ayojana karatA. kyAreka maLI jatA iMglenDanA vAsI akhabAro AMcIne teo saMtoSa mAnI letA. Ama chatAM, temanI akhabAranI tIvra jarUriyAta mahesUsa thavA lAgI hatI. jo maiM sattA sthAne baThelA aMgreja adhikArIo A bAbate asahiSNu hatA ane potAnI TIkA karI zake tevA mAdhyamanA {nma sAme temane cIDa hatI. AvA vAtAvaraNa vacce hIkIe potAnuM patra zarU karyuM. je moTe bhAge 'beMgAla gejheTa' thavA 'hIkI gejheTa' tarIke ja oLakhAtuM. 12 x 8 iMcanuM be pAnAnuM A patra dara zanivAre bahAra paDatuM. temA nne pAnAnI banne tarapha traNa traNa kolamo chapAtI. 1, hIkInuM A sAptAhika AjanA akhabAro jevuM apa Tu DeTa na hatuM. te taddana aNaghaDa rIte chapAtuM. mAhitI, draNa ane prakAzananI dRSTie paNa te prAthamika kakSAnuM hatuM. paraMtu, aitihAsika dRSTie tenuM AgavuM mUlya che. ratIya patrakAratvanI AjanI aDIkhama ane bulaMda imAratano te pAyAno paththara hatuM. A patranI 200 nakalo patI. patrano taMtrI, mudraka, prakAzaka, vyavasthApaka ane bIbAM goThavanAra khuda hIkI ja hato. u A patramAM hIkInI potAnI eka kolama hatI. jemAM e potAnA sukhaduHkhanI vAto lakhato. sthAnika ane gharagAmanA khabarapatrIonA ahevAlo ane vAcakonA patro tathA iMglenDanA vAsI akhabAromAMthI uThAvAyelA rAcAro 'tAjA samAcAra' tarIke chapAtA. khAsa karIne yuropIyana prajAne rasa paDe tevI gosIpa paNa temAM bedhaDaka utI. laMDanamAM cAlatI phezananA sacitra ahevAlo temAM rajU thatAM. jo ke temAM samAcAra karatAM jAherAtonuM pramANa " rahetuM hIkInA A patramAM e vakhatanA kalakattAnA samAjajIvananuM ThIka ThIka darzana thatuM. aMgreja adhikArIo vacce nalatI sattAnI sAThamArI ane bhAratamAM vasatAM yuropIyana samAjanA AMtarika pravAhonuM nirUpaNa temAM jovA maLatuM. k hIkI potAnA patranI jAti spaSTa karatA temAM evuM chApato ke, "badhAM pakSo mATe khulluM chatAM koInI asara Mce na AvatuM. rAjakIya tathA Arthika sAptAhika' jo ke aMgreja adhikArIonAM jhaga..DAM ane lapharAnI vigato pavAmAM hIkIne saMkoca na hato. hIkI kalakattAnA e vakhatanA AgevAno ane ucca adhikArIonA nAma pADato ne te nAmathI ahevAlo chApato. pariNAme teNe bahu jhaDapathI dezanA prathama gavarnara janarala vorana hesTIMgsa ane UMca ucca adhikArIono roSa vahorI lIdho. vorana hesTIMgsane teNe 'greTa mughala' kahIne utArI pADyo ane eka ||Nita mahilA mAriyana imphoka sAthenA tenA prema prakaraNanI TIkA karI. A daramiyAna aneka adhikArIo IInA patra sAme pagalAM levAnI mAMgaNI karI cUkyA hatA. / I.sa. 1781mAM hIkInA harIpho pITara rIr3a ane bI. mesivika nAmanA vepArIoe eka navuM patra nDiyA gejheTa' zarU karyuM. temaNe zarUthI ja sarakAra sAsathe sArAsArI rAkhI AthI A patrane TapAlane lagatI keTalIka - oSa savalato maLI. bIjI bAju hIkIne apAyelI keTalIka savalato pAchI kheMcI levAI. hIkI uzkerAyo ane teNe 2 karyuM ke, "je loko leDI hesTIMgsa sAthe ADA saMbaMdho rAkhIne vadhu suvidhA meLavatA hoya te bhale meLave. amane / rasa nathI.'' eka svIDiza pAdarI jahona kIrenDara 'inDiyA gejheTa'ne bIbAM ane mudraNa sAmagrI pUrI pADato hovAnI thI teNe 'eka pAdarI mukhya devaLa vecI kADhavAno che' tevA samAcAra chApyA. kIrenDarane gavarnara janarala samakSa AnI sAme thayelA AkSepono khulAso karavo paDyo ane teNe turata ja hIkI para badanakSIno dAvo dAkhala karyo. geMgsa paNa hIkI para khaphA to hato ja. AthI gavarnara janarala ane mukhya nyAyAdhIza ilijAra impenA tAtkAlika zathI zastradhArI yuropIyano ane 400 dezI sipAhIoe hIkIne pakaDavA tenA presa para daroDo pADyo paraMtu vyAkhyAtA, patrakAratva vibhAga, saurASTra yuni., rAjakoTa-5 'pathika' - eprila 1998 * 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hIkIe temane yenakena prakAre pAchA mokalyA ane pote vaTathI 'svaicchika' rIte korTamAM hAjara thayo, tenI dharapakaDa karIne rU. 1000 nA jAmIna pa2 tene mukta karavAmAM Avyo. A pachI paNa hIkI sakhaNo rahe tevI AzA to na hatI. teNe eka kAlpanika saMgItasabhAno ahevAla lakhyo. jemAM mukhya nyAyAdhIza ilijAra impenA bhatrIjAne pula bAMdhavA mATe apAyelA khAsa konTrAkaTanI vAta teNe vaNI lIdhI. parAkramone kAraNe hIkI mATe paNa tenA purogAmI bolTsa jevI sajA nizcita banatI jatI hatI. evAmAM teNe eka vadhu aDapaluM karyuM. teNe evA samAcAra chApyA ke kaMpanI sarakAranA keTalAka adhikArIoe tene mArI nAkhavAnuM kAvataruM karyuM che ane A adhikArIo tenA para humalo karavA AvyA hatA. hIkIthI gaLe AvI gayelI kaMpanI sarakAre khuda AkSepAtmaka lakhANo aMge hIkI sAme kesa karyo. pharI ekavAra tene impe samakSa rajU karavAmAM Avyo. tene gunegAra TharAvIne cAra mahinAnI jela ane rU. 500no daMDa karavAmAM Avyo. jo ke hIkI haju gabharAyo na hato. briTiza adhikArIonI evI gaNatarI hatI ke hIkI jelamAM jaze eTale 'beMgAla gejheTa' baMdha thaI jaze paraMtu evuM na thayuM. patra pahelAnI mAphaka niyamita rIte bahAra paDatuM ane temAM agamya rIte hIkInI kolama paNa chapAtI. jelamAM beThAM beThAM paNa teNe kalamanI dhArane buThThI thavA na dIdhI. 'beMgAla gejheTa'ne paNa agAunI mAphaka ja vAcakono utkaTa pratibhAva maLato rahyo. krodhe bharAyelA hesTIMgse aMte mArca 1982mAM tenuM prinTIMga presa kabje karyuM. Ama, be varSamAM ja A patra akALe maraNa pAmyuM. 'hIkI gejheTa'no A be varSano itihAsa tophAnI, baLavAkhora ane romAMcaka hato. hIkImAM bhAratIya patrakAratvanA prAraMbhakartA tarIkenI vizeSatA e hatI ke te svAtaMtryano cAhaka hato. ane akhabArI svataMtrya mATe cheka sudhI jhajhumyo hato. Ama chatAM, teNe hiMdavAsIonI svataMtratAnI tarapheNa kyAreya karI na hatI. dharma, pramANikatA ke naitikatA jevI bAbatone avagaNIne teNe dhaNIvAra gaMdA tathA atizayoktibharyA ahevAlo paNa chApyA hatA. pachInA varSomAM sattA ane akhabAro vaccenA 'avirata saMgharSanuM paheluM pagathiyuM hIkI hato. sattA sAme teNe AdarelI laData ajoDa hatI. paraMtu, pILA patrakAratva taraphano teno jhukAva khUMce tevo hato. tenuM pUrvajIvana paNa khAsa utsAhajanaka na hatuM. AyAta-nikAsanA vepAramAM thayelI khoTa bharapAI na karI zakavAthI tene jela thaI hatI ane te rahasyamaya rIte ja jelamAMthI chUTI gayo hato. tyAra bAda mudraka tarIkenA anubhavane kAraNe kuTuMbanA bharaNapoSaNa arthe teNe chApakhAnuM zarU karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. A chApakhAnuM e ja 'beMgAla gejheTa'. te potAnA kAmane gulAmI samajato hato chatAM tenA gaurava mATe te cheka sudhI jhajhumyo. 'beMgAla gejheTa'e bhAratamAM patrakAratvanA janmasthaLa evA kalakattAmAM vadhu sAmayiko ane akhabAro zarU karavAnI preraNA ApI. hIkInA sAhasa pachInA cha varSomAM kalakattAmAMthI cAra sAmayika ane eka mAsika bahAra paDavA mAMDyA hatA. hIkIe kaMDArelI keDI para temaNe kadama to mAMDyA paraMtu kadAca satata jhajhUmavAnI zaktinA abhAve I.sa. 1799 sudhImAM to temAMthI mAMDa ekAduM jIvaMta hatuM. pAdaTIpa 1, Rangaswami Pauthsauthi, Journalism in India, New Delhi, 1991, page-19. 2. Rangaswami Pauthsauathi, Journalism in India, New Delhi, 1991, page-6. 3. J. Natrajan History of Journalism in India, New Delhi, 1991, page-5. 4. rameza raMganAtha gautama, tRtavivecana, muMbaI, 1945, pR. 194. 5. Rangaswami Pauthsauthi, Journalism in India, New Delhi, 1991, page-21. pathika' - eprila 1998 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saradAra paTelanI vANI DaoN. maheza ema. trivedI saradAra vallabhabhAI paTelane nATyakAra caMdravadana mahetA (caM.cI.mahetA)e dharmavIra' ane dezabhakta' tarIke biradAvyA hatA. kavi bAlamukunda davee "vajapuSpanI upamA saradAra mATe prayoji hatI. zrI eca.ema.paTele vallabhabhAIne 'bhAratanI apUrva ektAnA sarjaka tarIke oLakhAvyA che. saradAranI vANInI sarAhanA karatAM kavi nAthAlAla davee varNavyuM che ke, - gAjI hatI A gujarAta, vajara vANI saradAranI, nirbhaya siMhasamI e chAtI, bulaMda jomabharI UbharAtI, zauryavaMtI, tIkhI ne tAtI jema dhAra hoya talavAranI....gAjI'' che. jyAre umAzaMkra jozIe saradAra vizenA eka kAvyamAM saradAranI vANIne "agnijharatA zabdonuM udbhavasthAna kahIne bIradAvI che. temanI vANInI tAkAta ne zabdomAM mApatAM lakhyuM che ke, "dhAradAra zabdonA ghA karavAmAM rAce che paNa hamaNAM hamaNAM to emanI AtmAnI gophaNamAMthI chUTe-zabda nahIM, paNa tAtI saMkalpazakti. enA zabdo zabdo nathI paraMtu kAryo che." saradAranI vANI kheDA satyAgraha hoya ke roleTa satyAgraha, gujarAtamAM jAgRti lAvavAmAM upakAraka nIvaDI hatI, saradAranA bhASaNomAM svarAja prAptinA Adarza sAthe prajAne thayelA anyAyane vAcA ApavAnI gajaba tAkAta hatI. tenA zabda zabda loka-lAgaNI prabaLa banatI hatI. gAMdhIjInA satyAgrahone svAtaMtryanI caLavaLanA nAnA-moTAM kAryakamone saphaLatA apAvavAmAM temanuM netRtva ane temanI vANIe jabaro prabhAva pADyo hato. saradArane sAhityanI daSTie bhASAnI zuddhi-azuddhi ke jhINavaTanI kAMI bahu paDI na hatI. emaNe emanI AgaLa akhAno Adarza rAkhelo jaNAya che, jemake bhASAno zuM vaLage bhUra. je raNamAM jIte te zUra. dezabhaktithI sadAya prajaLI rahelA ane janatAnAM duHkho joIne valovAI rahelA hRdayamAMthI nIkaLelI emanI bAnI (vANI) ApoApa sAhitya banI jatI kAraNa ke temAM satyano raNako vizeSa saMbhaLAto: I.sa. 1915-16mAM saradAre gujarAtanA jAhera jIvanamAM praveza karI gAMdhIjInI sAthe rAjakIya saMbaMdho sthApyA hatA, je pAchaLa Atmiya ane kauTuMbika banyA hatA. I.sa. 1918 thI I.sa. 1947 sudhI temanA bhASaNonA graMthastha thayelAM pustakamAM saradArano gAMdhIjI pratyeno bhaktibhAva aneka sthaLe joI zakAya che. gAMdhIjInA Adarzono paDagho ke pratibiMba saradAranA bhASaNomAM Thera Thera jovA maLe che. temanAM bhASaNone keTalAMka lokamAnya TiLaka ke abrAhama liMkana sAthe sarakhAve che. temanAM bhASaNomAM taLapadA rUDhaprayogo, arthagarbha kahevato UDIne AMkhe vaLage tevI che. gAMdhIvAdano pracAra ane prasAra tenI vANImAM AbAda jhIlAyo che. temanAM bhASaNomAM bahu vidvatAne badale jIbhanI tIkhAza ane satyano raNako avazya saMbhaLAto. saradAranI vANImAM akhAnI vedhakatA, narmadano jusso ane svAmI AnaMdanI taLapadI zailImAM prasaratI dharatInI maheMka ema traNeya lakSaNo eka sAthe pragaTa thatA jovA maLe * adhyApaka, itihAsa vibhAga, ela.ena.sI. mahetA ArTsa koleja, elisabrija, amadAvAda-9 pathika' - eprila 1998 % 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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che. saradAranI vANImAM vyaMga, hradaya soMsarI UtarI jAya tevI dalIlo, gharagaththu upamAo, vinoda, tarkano tikhAro, vedhaka kaTAkSa, camacamatA cAbakhA ane bhASA saMyama spaSTa jovA maLe che. saradAranA sauthI prANavAna pravacano bAraDolInA satyAgraha veLAnAM che. bAraDolI satyAgraha veLAM temanAM bhASaNA hRdayasparzI hatA. lokavANI sAthe temAMthI dezadAjha ane narI vAstavikatA nItare che. saradAranA jAhera bhASaNano prAraMbha kheDA satyAgraha veLAe 18 mI eprila 1918nA roja thayelo jayAre temaNe chelluM bhASaNa dilhInA rAmalIlA medAnamAM tA.11-8-1947 no roja Apela hatuM. kanaiyAlAla munazI saradAranI vANI vize potAno abhiprAya TAMkatA jaNAve che ke, "sAdhAraNa rIte saradAra bahuM bolakaNA na hatA. garamAgarama carcA samaye teo prazAMta mUrtinI peThe besI rahetA, bolavAne khAtara teo kadA bolyA ja nathI. paraMtu jyAre jarUra paDI che tyAre teo garjanA karI zakatA. temanI vaktRtvazakti asAdhAraNa hatI.' 'hindachoDo' caLavaLa daramiyAna temaNe kareluM joradAra pravacana tejAbI bhASAmAM ke agnibharyA zabdonAM dhodha vaheDAvatuM hatuM. 'haTha' zabda upara temaNe karelI ramUja avismaraNIya che. 'haTha' zabdanA be artha che, eka to haThalevI te ane bIjuM pIchehaTa karI. temaNe kahyuM ke "eka kahevatamAM jaNAvyuM che tema duniyAmAM traNa prakAranI haTha jANItI che. strIhaTha, bALahaTha ane rAjahaTha, paraMtu aMgrejoe cothI haTha zodhI kADhI che je pIchehaTha che-saradAranI vANInAM aneka pAsAMo che-enuM vaividhya apAra che. saradAranI vANImAM vinodavRtti eka noMdhapAtra bAbata hatI, svAmI AnaMda ane gAMdhIjInA bhASaNomAM 'huM'no khaTako kyAMya na khUMce jyAre saradAranA bhASaNomAM 'huM'no vAraMvAra ullekha jovA maLe che. dA.ta. pAdaTIpa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir "huM beTho chuM tyAM sudhI prajAne namavA nahIM dauM.'' huM kAMI AgevAna nathI, huM to eka bApuno sipAhI chuM. ''huM kheDUtano dIkaro chuM.'' 'huM to kheDUta rahyo. eka ghAe be TUkaDA karavAnI mArI janmathI Teva nathI.' 14 saradAranI lokavANImAM ramUjavRttinA aneka prasaMgo temaNe kahyA hatA. "bAraDolInA kheDUtonI jamIna levA nIkaLelAM ema samaje che ke Ato dharamarAjAno goLa lUMTAya che. emane khabara nathI ke Ato kAco pAro che. ruMve rUMve phUTI nIkaLavavAno che.' saradAranI vANI jema ja temanI kalamamAMthI paNa gAMdhIniSThA ane gurubhAva Tapake che. 1. nAthAlAla dave, saradAranI vANI, anurAga prakAzana, 1973 2. umAzaMkara jozI, 'saradAra kAvya', nirIkSaka tA. 30-10-84 3. narahira dvA. parIkha. ane u.dI. zAha, 'saradAra vallabhabhAInA bhASaNo', navajIvana prakAzana (1949). 4. IzvaralAla I. desAI - 'bAraDolI satyAgraha', svAtaMtrya itihAsa samiti, jillA paMcAyata surata (1930) pA. naM. 384. 5. aMbelAla go. desAi-"saradAra vallabhabhAi paTelanI vicArasaraNI, saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela smAraka so. zAhIbAga, I.sa. 1996. pathika' - eprila * 1998 * 8 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rASTravAda ane janajAgRtinA vikAsamAM gAMdhIyuganA gItonuM pradAna (1915-1947) prA. vikeza suzIlacaMdra paMDyA * rASTrIya bhAvanAnuM mukhya srota jeTaluM bauddhika che teTaluM ja te AdhyAtmika ane bhAvanAtmaka ekatAnA svarUpanuM paNa che. je jamAnAmAM bhArata ane gujarAtano ghaNo moTo janasamUha tadana nirakSara hovAthI te akhabAra ane sAmayikomAM prasiddha thatI mAhitIothI vaMcita rahyo hato. te jamAnAmAM rASTrIya bhAvanAno prasAra ane pracAra karanAra hoya to te rASTragIto hatA. umAzaMkara joSI ane sneharazmi jevA tejasvI kavionAM gItomAM vyakta thayelo bhAva sAmAnya mANaso samajI zake tema na hatuM. jo sAdI ane taLapadI bhASAmAM rASTragIto racAya to ja milamajUro, gAmaDAnA kheDUto ane AdIvAsIo samajI zake tevI sthitimAM hatA. gujarAtanA sadbhAgye AvA saMjogomAM evA aneka strI-puruSo pedA thayAM jeo svAtaMtrya senAnIo paNa hatA, pAyAnA kAryakaro (grass-roots works) paNa hatA ane kavio paNa hatA. alabatta temanA kAvyo AMjI nAkhe tevA na hatA, paraMtu pracAra ane prasAranA mAdhyama tarIke teNe je bhUmikA bhajavI te sAce ja dAda mAgI le tevI hatI. sAcA arthamAM temanI gaNanA "kavi' tarIke thaI zake nahi, paraMtu saMjogoe temane rASTragIto racavAne prerita karyA hatA. A prakAranA kavio koNa hatA ? temaNe kyAM rASTragIto lakhyAM ? ane, temanI kRtionI sAmAnya janatA para kevA prakAranI asara thaI ? - eka ItihAsakAra tarIke AvA prazno pUchIne A lekhanI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. kheDA jillAnA keTalAka kavio - asahakAranA AMdolana (1920-22) daramyAna "varlejavALA manahare" aneka gIto racyAM hatA. teo kheDA jillAnA eka kheDUta hatA ane A AMdolana daramyAna temaNe khAdI ane reMTiyo apanAvyAM hatAM. temaNe raceluM nIcenuM rASTragIta gAmaDAonI bhAgoLo ane jhUMpaDAomAM gavAtuM : mAro reMTiyo "dhIro dhIro cAle re mITho mITho gAje re, rUDo mAre reTiyo ho jI. e reMTiyAmAM dezodayanA nIkaLe tAra, e tAre tAre bhALu bhAratano uddhAra. dhIro dhIro cAle re......." kezavadAsa gokaLadAsa zAha nAmanA racanAtmaka kAryakara bharUca temaja naDiyAdamAM pustaka vikretAnI dukAna dharAvatA. teo pote mAtra aMgrejI 4 dhoraNa sudhInuM ja zikSaNa pAmyA hatA. Ama chatAM temanI svadeza premanI bhAvanA evI to utkaTa hatI ke temaNe 1923mAM "hamArA hakko" zIrSaka nIce keTalAka kAvyo prasiddha karyA. A graMtha aprApya che. A graMthamAMthI nIcenuM gIta "gajhala'nA svarUpamAM gAmaDAomAM gavAtuM : tamArI pAse mAgIzuM "videzI pAdhaDI kevI, narakanI TopalI jevI, * vyAkhyAtA, itihAsa vibhAga, samAjavidyA bhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda-9 pathika' - eprila * 1998 9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zire kAM sAcavo evI, videzI pAghaDIvALA. videzI pAghaDI kevI, garIbanI ThAThaDI jevI, garIbonI khoparI jevA, videzI pAghaDIvALA." kheDA jillAnA vasonA rahevAsI izvarabhAI gAMdhIjInA racanAtmaka kAryone to varelA ja hatA paraMtu temaNe asahakAranA AMdolana daramyAna evA to coTadAra rASTragIto racyA ke muMbaI sarakAre temanA gItone japta karyA. mahArASTra sTeTa ArkAIvanI phAIlomAM temanA rASTragIto Aje paNa sacavAyelA che. temAnuM eka gIta "prapaMcI ko kharA ke nahi" gujarAtanA ghaNAkharAM gAmaDAo ane nagaromAM lokagIto caDelA A rASTragItanI keTalIka kaDIo 'nIce mujaba che : prapaMcI ko kharA ke nahi "amAre AMgaNe AvI, amone khuba lalacAvI, gayA Aje tame phAvI, prapaMcI ko kharA ke nahi. salAmI to prathama bharatA, kahyuM DahApaNa bharyuM karatA, hamArAthI bahu DaratA, prapaMcI ko kharA ke nahi. karI vepAranI vAto, phasAvyA bhoLavI Ato , have mAro tame lAto, prapaMcI ko kharA ke nahi. dhiya nANAM kapaTa vidhi, lakhAvI milakato lIdhI, na pAchI e tame dIdhI, prapaMcI ko kharA ke nahi. nivAbI cAlatI jyAM jayAM, karyA kadamo tyAM tyAM tame laDAvyAM mAMho mAMhe tyAM, prapaMcI ko kharA ke nahi." ! * phUlacaMdabhAI zAha naDiyAdanA vatanI hatA ane temaNe temanuM prAthamika zikSaNa paNa naDiyAdamAM ja prApta karyuM hatuM. teo vyavasAya kavi na hatAAma chatAM 1928mAM bAraDolI satyAgraha vakhate temaNe raceluM nIcenuM gIta gujarAta bharamAM lokapriya banyuM hatuM. lIdhI pratijJA "ame lIdhI pratijJA pALazuM re, bhale jaNInA julamo thAya. bhale varase varasAda mahA julmano re, bhale tAluko khAlasA thAya. bAraDolInuM nAma nahi boLazuM re, bhale kAyAnA kaTakA thAya. " dakSiNa gujarAtanA svAtaMtrya senAnIoe racelAM rASTragIto : bhAratanI AjhAdInI laDatamAM jugatarAma dave, mIThuMbena pITITa, jayotsanAbena zukala ane kuMvarajI mahetA jevA strI puruSoe to mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo ja hato, paraMtu temAM AdivAsIoe paNa mahattvanI bhUmikA bhajavI hatI. AdIvAsIomAM dArU ane tADI pIvAno rivAja comera prasaryo hato. hALI prathAnI lokhaMDI beDI to temane vaLagI ja hatI, paraMtu dArU-tADInA sevanane lIdhe paNa temanI paristhitI tadana lAcAra banI gaI hatI. paraMtu gAMdhIvAdI kAryakramonI temanI upara vidhAyaka asaro paDavI zarU thaI. A saMdarbhamAM nIcenAM gIto mahattvanA che. pathika' - eprila 1998 * 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jugatarAma davenuM samagra jIvana AdivAsIonA uddhAra mATe vyatIta thayuM hatuM. temaNe eka tarapha reTiyA ane khAdIne AdivAsIomAM lokapriya banAvyA ane bIjI tarapha temaNe nazAkArI dravyo sAme jhuMbeza zarU karI. jugatarAmanA kAvyo taddana sAdI ane saraLa bhASAmAM evI rIte racAtAM ke AdivAsIo te samajI zake. temanA nIcenA be gIto atre TAMkIzuM. (1) lakhamIdhara zeTha "huM to lakhamIdhara zeTha mAruM bahu moTuM peTa ! duniyA AkhI samAya temAM, sonA cAMdI sameta ! mArUM bahu moTuM che peTa dukALiyAnI bhUkha e to mAruM moTuM sukha! e bhUkhamAMthI mahora pakAvuM, evo mAro peca ! mAruM bahu moTuM peTa !" (2) pIzomAM "tame pIzomAM pIzomAM pIzomAM, dAravo pIzomAM, tame bhaDa bhaDa bhaDa bALanAro dAravo pIzomAM." gAMdhIjInA pAyAnA kAryakaronA athAga parizramane pariNAme ukAbhAI caudharI jevA aneka AdivAsI netAo AjhAdInI laDatamAM temaja svAtaMtrya AMdolanamAM sAmela thayA. ukAbhAI caudharIe khAdI ane reMTiyAnA aneka gIto racyA hatA, paraMtu temanA kAvya "DUbiyAM DUbiyAM DUbiyA"mAM to AdivAsI prajAnA mananuM sAcuM duHkha vyakta thatuM hatuM. temanuM hRdayadrAvaka gIta te samayanI AdivAsIonI paristhitinuM AbehUba zabdacitra dore che. teo kahe che ke atyAra sudhI ApaNe to zoSaNanI cakkImAM pIsAyA karatA hatA ane A joIne durjano rAjI thatI hatA. ApaNane jo koI ugAranAra hoya to te gAMdhIjI ja che. A gIta samagra AdivAsI prajAmAM te samaye avAra-navAra gavAtuM ane lalakArAtuM. biyAM DUbiyAM DUbiyAM DUbiyAM DUbiyAM DUbiyAM ApaNe duHkhane dariye DUbiyAM re, DUbato joIne durIjanoe uparathI dAMbiyA re, .... DUbiyAM DUbiyAM te to ApaNa DUbiyAM paDakhe koI nava UbhiyA re, paDakhe nA UbhiyA ne ApaNe UbhiyA DUbatAM joIne gAMdhIjI AvyA, reMTiyA nAvaDI lAviyAM re, pathika' - eprila 1998 - 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAdaTIpa 1. nAvaDImAM jhaTa amane caDAviyAM duHkha dariyethI tAriyAM re...... DUbiyAM 7 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir samApana : gAMdhIyuga daramyAna bhAratanI AjhAdInI laDatamAM gujarAtanuM pradAna viziSTa hoya te svAbhAvika ja hatuM. rASTravAdanI laData pracAra ane prasAranA mAdhyamo dvArA paNa laDAI hatI. A lekhanuM mukhya tAraNa e che ke gAMdhIyuganI anekavidha asarone lIdhe keTalAMka taddana sAmAnya gaNAya tevA mANasoe paNa temanI kAvya kRtio dvArA rASTrIya bhAvanA prasAra karavAnuM kArya karyuM hatuM. AvA kavionI bhASAmAM koI camatkRti na hatI, temano hetu paNa kavi tarIke prasiddhi pAmavAno na hato. temano mULabhUta hetu lokone rojI roTI ApI zake tevA khAdI ane reMTiyAnA kAryakramone janasamUhamAM phelAvavAno hato. majUro ane AdivAsIone dArU-tADInA sevanamAMthI mukta karavAno temano mukhya hetu hato. je jamAnAmAM briTiza saltanata sAme ahiMsaka rIte laDavA mATe samAjanA tamAma vargo, varNo ane komonI ekatAnI jarUra hatI te prakAranI sAcI ekatAne vikasAvavAno teno hetu hato. je rIte gujarAtanA sAmAnya mANaso rASTragIto racI zakyA te batAve che ke gAMdhIjInA kAryakramo samagra janatAmAM lokapriya banyA hatA. AjanI yuvAna peDhI mATe ane khAsa karIne Adarzo vagaranA ApaNA svArthI rAjakIya netAo mATe gAMdhIyuganA balidAno sAce ja padArthapATha samAna che. mRdulA purohita, gujarAtI kAvya-sAhityamAM vyakta thayelI rASTrIyatAnI bhAvanA, 1915-1947 (aprakAzita pIeca.DI. mahAnibaMdha, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, 1988) pR. 106 .. A kAvya saMgraha mAtra mahArASTra sTeTa ArkAivamAMthI ja mane upalabdha thayo hato. 18mA saikAnA surata aMge jyAre huM saMzodhana kArya mATe mahArASTra sTeTa ArkAIvamAM gayo tyAre mane A kAvya saMgraha upalabdha thayo hato . 3. Home (Special) Departinent, File No. 114 of 1923. Maharashtra State Archives, Bombay. izvaralAla desAI, laDatanA gIto (surata, 1970) pR. 46. 4. 5. izvaralAla desAI (saMpA.) rAnI parajamAM jAgRti (surata, 1971) pR. 187. ... svarAjyanA gIto gurjara graMtharata kAryAlaya, (amadAvAda, 1931) pR. 121. 9. bhIkhAbhAI puruSottama vyAsa (saMpA.), rASTrakIrtana (amadAvAda, 1923) pR. 10. 'pathika' - eprila * 1998 12 - For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchanA Arthika vikAsanAM pariprekSyamAM kaMDalA baMdaranuM mahattva prA. ema. je. paramAra * ItihAsa mAnavInAM karelA kAryonuM varNana kare che. koI paNa rAjyanI pragati tenA arthataMtrane AbhArI hoya che. rAjaya samRddha hoya to ja tenI saMskRtino dareka kSetramAM vikAsa thato hoya che. mAnavI potAnA dareka kSetramAM arthanI bAbata joto hoya che. kacchanA ItihAsamAM kaccha prAcIna samaye samRddha pradeza hato, kacchanI Arthika sthiti khUba ja sArI hatI. tethI to kacchanA prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna itihAsa, kacchanI prajA, tenA saMskAro, bhAtIgaLa jIvana vagerenA vipula pramANamAM purAvA prApta thAya che. kacchanA jADejA rAjAonAM samayamAM kacchanA moTA vepArIo jemAM zeTha jagaDuzA paNa hoya, paNa kadAca te pachI paristhiti palaTAI hoya tema lAge che. kacchanI kacchI prajA vividha zaheromAM jaIne vasI che. Aje temano vAraso kacchano bhavya itihAsa vAgoLe che. ane hajAro rUpiyAnA dAna dakSiNA kaccha mATe Ape che. kacchano bhaugolika pradeza bhAratanA nakazAmAM uttara akSAMza 22 ane pUrva rekhAMza 68 ane 7ranI madhyamAM sthita kaccha traNa bAjuethI samudrathI ane raNathI gherAyelI pradeza che. Ama kaccha samudra ane raNathI AvRtta pradeza che.' kaccha gujarAtano sauthI moTo jillo che. kacchano kula vistAra 4pa612 kilomITara che. A pradeza lagabhaga 257 kilomITara lAMbo ane 56 thI 112 kilomITara pahoLo che. kacchane kudarate nAnA-moTA DuMgara ane TekarIothI zaNagAryuM che. A DuMgarAo traNa zRMkhalAmAM jovA maLe che. uttaranI rasadhAranI pahADIo pacchama-khaDIra ane prAMthalacorADa sudhI phelAyelI che. madhyanI girimALA kacchanAM uttara raNathI lakhapatanAM jharA DuMgarathI pUrva pazcima kIDA ane halAya DuMgaranAM rUpamAM vistarela che. ahIM dhINodhara, vArAra, jUrA, ilAya, rohA, pacADavA, bhujIyo, dhINodhara jevA DuMgaro Avela che. kacchano samudra kinAro 35ra kilomITara lAMbo che. je dAtA-dAtAvALo nahoto samatala che. jemAM nAnI moTI nALo che. keTalIka nALonI kudaratI racanA evI sarasa ane upayogI che ke hindImAM AvI uMDI lAMbI pahoLI ane uMDI pANInI salAmata nALo thoDI ja haze, A nALo kaccha mATe vartamAna samayamAM AzirvAda samAna che. kaccha lakhapatathI mAMDavI sudhI arabI samudra ane mAMDavIthI zikArapura sudhI kacchano akhAta, kacchanA samudra kinAre jakhaulakhapata-mAMDavI-mudrA baMdaro hatA. kaMDalAnuM junuM baMdara nAnuM hatuM. navA baMdaranI jarUriyAta hatI. mAMDavIthI zikArapura sudhImAM kacchanA akhAtanAM kinAre mudrA ane tuNAe be nAnA mAMDavI baMdara kaMDalA baMdara karatAM mahattvanuM baMdara hatuM. kacchanI dariyAI vizeSatAmAM kacchanA akhAtamAM koI moTI nadIo kAMpa ThAlavatI nathI. bhAratamAM kula 171 baMdara che. je paikI gujarAtamAM eka moTuM ane 12 madhyama kakSAnAM ane 28 nAnAM baMdaro che. bhAratamAM sauthI vadhAre gujarAtane darIyAkAMThAno lAbha prApta thayo che. AthI I.sa. 1958 pachI gujarAtanuM sauthI moTuM mukta vyApAra jhona AyAtI baMdara tarIke vikAsa thato rahyo che. te dvArA kaccha bhAratanAM anya bhAga sAthe joDAI gayuM che. (1) kaMDalA baMdaranA vikAsa pUrve kacchanA baMdara kaMDalAnI sthiti : kacchanAM upara ki.mI. lAMbA dariyAkAMThAmAM lakhapata, mAMDavI, koTezvara, jakhau, mundrA tRNA kaMDalAnuM nAnuM baMdara hatuM. bhadrezvara baMdara hatuM. bhadrezvaramAM samudra pAcho khasI jatAM baMdara tarIke temanuM mahattva ghaTI gayuM je bhadrezvara prAcIna maMdiro tenI bhutakAlIna jAhojalAlInI sAkSI pUre che. I.sa. 1819nAM dharatIkaMpane lIdhe tenI rahI sahI samRddhi paNa naSTa thaI gaI. I.sa. 1818mAM gujarAtamAM briTiza sattA sthira thaI te pUrve kacchano vepAra meDana, , * itihAsa bhavana, bhAvanagara yunivarsiTI, bhAvanagara. pathika' - eprila - 1998 * 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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maskata, basarA, madhyapUrvanAM baMdaro tathA pUrvamAM AphrikAnAM mombAsA, dAre salAma, jhAMjhabAra ane laMkA sAthe dhIkato hato. 19mI sadInAM uttarArdhamAM temAM oTa AvI, ane muMbaI baMdarano vikAsa thavAthI kacchanAM baMdaronI avagati thaI. kacchanAM akhAtamAM nALavALA bhAgamAM jUnA kaMDalAnI nIcenI nALamAM navA baMdare vikasAvyuM. jUnuM kaMDalA e kudaratI bArI che. AjanAM baMdarathI be mAIla dUra kaMDalAnI nALamAM tenAM mukha tarapha navuM moTuM baMdara vikasyuM. ahIMyA vamaLa vinAnA pravAhavALI nALa dariyAI vyavahAra mATe kudaratI rIte salAmata che. kacchanAM cheka bhumivALA bhAgamAM ghuselI A zAMta ane uMDI nALamAM dariyAI tophAnothI paNa saMpUrNa rakSaNa maLe che. bIjA baMdaronI jema breka voTaranI paNa ene jarUra nathI. A nALamAM sAdhAraNarIte 13 phUTa jeTaluM pANI satata vahyAM kare che. bharatInAM samaye 25 phuTa jeTaluM pANI Ave che. 3 (2) kaMDalA khAte baMdaranAM vikAsanA saMjogo : A kaMDalAnI khADInI prAthamika sarvezAhI naukAdaLe I.sa. 1851mAM karI hatI. tyArabAda zAhI naukAdaLanAM aphasara kepTana berIe 1922mAM teno sarve karyo hato. tenI bhalAmaNa mujaba khegAMrajI trIjAe I.sa.1930mAM kaMDalA baMdarane vikasAvavA mATe nirNaya lIdho. 1931mAM 300 phUTano dhakko bAMdhyo. bhAratane AjhAdI maLatAM bhAratanAM bhAgalAM paDatAM pUrvemAM citAgoga (caTagAMva) ane pazcime karAMcInAM baMdaro hindanAM hAthathI gayAM. hindanI 3500 mAIla lAMbI sAgara kAMThAmAM have kalakattA, muMbaI, madrAsa, vizAkhApaTTanama, kocIna, moTAM baMdaro rahyAM. AthI hindanAM keTalAka bhAgomAM karAMcInI baMdarIya sagavaDo maLatI baMdha thaI. tethI A moTA vizALa AMtara pradeza mATe pazcima kAMTho bhAratane eka navuM praveza dvAra kholI ApavAnI jarUriyAta tAtkAlika UbhI thaI. AthI 1949mAM madhyastha sarakAre zrI kasturabhAI lAlabhAInAM adhyakSapade eka kamiTi (vesTa kosTa mejara pArTa kamiTi) nImI. A kamiTie kacchanAM akhAtano abhyAsa karI evA abhiprAyo Apyo ke jarA paNa khacakAyA vagara mukhya moTAbaMdara tarIke kaMDalA baMdarane vikasAvavAM sArU tenI pasaMdagI karIne kaMDalAnI nALa hindanuM navuM pravezadvAra banyuM.4 A uparAMta karAMcInuM baMdara pAkistAnane phALe gayuM. AthI vAyavya bhAratanAM pradeza mATe mATA baMdaranI bhArata sarakArane jarUra jaNAI. muMbaI ane kalakattAnAM baMdaro upara A vadhArAnAM TrAphIkano bojo paDatAM sTImarone bArAnI bahAra rAha jovI paDatI. AthI keTalIka jahAMjI kaMpanIoe 5 thI 10 TakA saracArja levAnuM zarU karyuM. muMbaI baMdarethI utarelo mAla mokalavAmAM mogho paDavA lAgyo. tethI kacchanAM akhAtamAM baMdarano vikAsa jarUrI banyo.pa I.sa. 1949mAM muMbaInI sthiti sagavaDatA vALI thaI A kAraNe svataMtra bhAratamAM have vadhatAM vepAranI khilavaNI mATe eka navuM poTuM baMdara jarUrI hatuM. kaMDalA mahAbaMdara thAya te mATe ujaLA saMjogo e hatAM ke pAkistAnanAM siMdha pradezamAMthI ghaNA badhA siMdhIyo (vepArIo) bhAratanAM kacchamAM AvavA lAgyAM ane siMdhanAM nirvAsItone ThekANe pAMDavAnAM hovAthI ane temanA nagaro kaMDalAthI najIka hovAnuM kacchanAM kaMDalAne mejaraporTa tarIke vikasAvavAnI ujaLI taka UbhI thaI. vaLI uttara bhAratanAM nagaro muMbaI karatAM kaMDalAthI vadhAre najIka paDatAM rAjasthAna, dilhI, madhyapradeza, harIyANAnAM vepArI mathako bIjA baMdara karatAM kaMDalAnI pasaMdagI vadhAre karatA. (3) kaMDalA mahAbaMdaranI sthApanA : navA baMdaranI racanAnuM kArya traNa tabakkAmAM thayuM che. jUnA baMdarathI 15 noTi mAIla dUra navuM baMdara bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM che. A baMdara 22:58 uttara akSAMza ane 70:13 pUrva rekhAMza upara AveluM. tenuM bAMdhakAma 1948mAM zarU thayuM. A baMdaranI sthApanAno zilAropaNavidhi 1952nI 10mI jAnyu.nAM vaDApradhAna zrI javAharalAla naherUnAM varada haste thayo. vidhi mATenAM zilAmAM 'kurmazilA'nI upara zAsrokta rIte AkRti kotarela che. vacce kUrma 'pathika' - eprila * 1998 * 14 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mathALe zaMkha jala-prahara, mAchalI, sarpa, deDako, magara, kurmi, grAsa che. cAre bAju e trizula, vajazakti, daMDa talavAra, nAgapAza ane gadA che. A samaye saradAra paTela tA. ra0-ra-1949nAM roja patra lakhyo che. temAM lakhyuM che - aneka sadIo pahelAnuM purANI duniyAnuM A jagatamAM koI sthaLa jotuM hoya to e kaccha che. jyAM Adhunika duniyAnI koI havA lAgI nathI. jemanuM tema paDI rahyuM che. tyAM atyAre to duSkALa che. temAM madhyastha sarakAra lAkho rUpiyA kharcI rahI che. sAthe sAthe kaMDalAne karAMcI banAvavAnI yojanA taiyAra thaI rahI che. tenI sAthe be relve joDavAno prayatna che. siMdhIo baMdaranI pAse moTuM nagara vasAvavAnA che. moTuM eroDrAma banavAnuM che. Ama cAre taraphathI kacchanI sikkala badalavAno prayatna thaI rahyo che. A baMdarano vikAsa traNa tabakka thayo. pahelo tabakko 1949 thI 1955mAM pUro thayo. 8mI eprilanA roja 1955mAM naherUnA haste baMdarane khullu mukyuM. pachI 1957mAM 1159 mITara lAMbI ane 9.6 mITara pahoLI jeTalI baMdhAI kaMDalA baMdara pAse moTA goDAuno tela saMgrahavA mATenAM moTA kUvAo ane peTrolIyama sivAyanI pravAhI vastuonAM vAhana mATe pAMca pAIpalAIna che. baMdarano vahIvaTa bhArata sarakAra porTa TrasTa dvArA thAya che. uparAMta madhyastha vera hAusIMga korporezana, gujarAta vera hAusIMga tathA khAnagI vyaktionI vakhAro, vividha tela kaMpanIo, 3.41 lAkha Tana peTroliyama pedAza saMdharavA mATenI 43 TAMkIo che. baMdarathI goDAuna sudhI mAlanI heraphera mATe relve sAIDIMga che. bharatI mApavA oTomeTIka TAIDageja che. sTImabarone baMdara pAse salAmata rIte lAvavA pAyaloTa che. kaMDalAmAM varasAdI divasomAM 335 mI.mI. varasAda paDe che. eTale ke AkhuM varSa mAlanI heraphera thaI zake che. vAvAjhoDAno bhaya nathI. (4) kaMDalA baMdarano vikAsa - 4.1 AyAta-nikAsanAM saMdarbhe - kaMDalA baMdare peTroliyama pedAzo, phospharaka esIDa, anAja, khAdyatela, khAtara, yurIeTa poTAza, rokapheseTa, gaMdhaka, jhAlka, salphaTa, trAMbAnA gaThThA, simenTa, nyujha prinTa vagerenI A baMdara mAraphata AyAta thAya che. kaMDalA mukhyatve AyAtI rahyuM che. Alkohola, cokhA, khAMDa, mIThuM, guvAra, hADakAno bhukko, benTonAiTa, trAMbAnA rIveTa, bokasAITa, cIroDI, cA, Dhora, rU vagerenI A baMdarothI nikAsa thAya che. AjhAdI pUrve kaMDalAmAMthI phakata mIThAnI nikAsa thatI hatI. kaMDalAnA kula vepAramAM paradeza sAthe vepArano hisso 634 che. peTroliyama pedAzonI AyAta Araba, amIrAta, kuvaita, sAudI arebIyA, irAna, irAkathI thaI hatI. lokhaMDanAM bhaMgAranI AyAta yu.esa.e., raziyA, phrAnsa, siMgApura, nedharalenDa, maleziyA, khAMDanI AyAta thAIlenDa, cIna ane maleziyAthI thAya che. peTrolyama ane khAtara mATe vADInAra mahattvanA ekamano vikAsa thayo che. 4.2 vAhana-vyavahAranA saMdarbhe . kaMDalA baMdaranI sthApanA thaI te pahelAM thoDA bhAgamAM relve hatI. te pachI kacchanuM hindanAM bIjA bhAga sAthe relve joDANa thayuM. uttara gujarAta, saurASTra, rAjasthAna, dilhI, hariyANA, paMjAba, jammu-kAzmIra, pazcima uttara pradeza, madhya bhAratano thoDo bhAga baMdara thavAthI saMparkamAM AvyAM. I.sa. 1964-69nAM gALAmAM 234 ki.mI. lAMbo jUDa kaMDalA broDageDa rela mArga banyo. pUrva rAjasthAnano bhAga sIdhA saMparkamAM Avyo. viramagAma, amadAvAda, himaMtanagara, udepura lAIna sAthe joDAI gayo che. kaMDalAthI khArAghoDA-viramagAma lAIna thaI. I.sa. 1968mAM kaMDalA amadAvAdane joDato 8 e rASTrIya dhorI mArga gAMdhIdhAma, bhacAu, morabI, vAMkAnera, coTIlA thaIne amadAvAda, himaMtanagara, vaDodarA, aMkalezvaranuM sIdhuM joDANa thayuM. kacchamAM kosTala dhorI mArga kaMDalA, lakhapata, jarmo, mAMDavI, mudrAne joDe che. suraja dhArInAM pula dvArA rAjakoTa, morabI, TaMkArA taraphano rAjya dhorI mArga maLatAM rAjakoTa, jUnAgaDha, jAmanagarano saMparka vadhyo. 1952mAM kaMDalA vimAnI mathaka banyuM. pathika - eprila 1998 * 15 For Private and Personal Use Only

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uparAMta kaMDalAthI capaTa thaIne banAsakAMThA, pAlanapura, tharAdane joDato rasto baMdhAyo. je rASTrIya dhorI mArga 15 I. dvArA kaMDalAne vadhAre phAyado thayo. A pUrve bhUjamAM vimAnI mathaka hatuM. vAhana-vyavahArano vikAsa thavAthI kaccha ane prajAmAM saraLatA paDI. muMbaI, kalakattA, madrAsa, beMglora ane anya koI pradezomAM vasatA kacchIone relve, basa, havAI mArgothI suvidhA prApta thaI. kacchanAM roDa paranAM nagaro samRddha banyA. 4.3 mukta vyApAra jhona ane tenuM mahattva - bhAratamAM udyogono vikAsa tathA tenI nikAsa vadhAravA mATe 1965mAM 283 hekaTara jamInamAM 'mukta vyApAra jhona'nI racanAM karavAmAM AvI. nikAsa mATeno mAla taiyAra karavA mATe yaMtro kAcA-mAlanI AyAtane jakAta mUkti apAI dezanAM bhAgomAMthI kAcomAla lAvI zakAya che. vijaLI ane pANInAM daramAM rAhata apAI. tethI 100 jeTalAM kArakhAnAM sthapAyA. kaMDalA AMtararASTrIya vepAra vistAra banyuM. davAo, plAsTIka, magaphaLI, rabbaranI vastuo, bharataguMthaNa, sTenalesa sTIlanAM vAsaNo, hAthe guMthavAnAM mazIno vagerenI nikAsa thavA lAgI. AthI kaccha Arthika dRSTie sAdhana-saMpanna banI rahyuM che. kacchI prajA tenA gAmaDAno vikAsa thaI rahyo che. (5) gAMdhIdhAma zaheranI sthApanA-vikAsa-kacchanAM anya zaherono vikAsa : kaMDalA baMdara sAthe saMlagna gAMdhIdhAma 15000 ekaramAM vaselI navI vasAhata che. je siMdhanAM nivAsIto mATe bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. ahIMyA naLIyA, pharnicara, kApaDa, tela, ijanerI, samAna vagerenAM udyogono vikAsa thayo che. ahIMyA kaMDalAnI porTa ophisa, sTApha kavATarsa, bIjI mahattvanI kacerIo, audyogika vikAsanI vRddhi thAya mATe AkhuM nagara plAna pramANe taiyAra thayuM. sekaTara paddhati pramANe che. I.sa. 1949mAM iTAlIyana ijanera merIyo bekIsInI salAha levAmAM AvI. gAMdhIdhAma je phekaTarI yerIyA ane Adipura udyogone lagatI vasAhata ubhI thaI. rastAnuM Ayojana, pANInI vyavasthA, prAthamikathI ucca kakSAnuM zikSaNa, Tekanika zikSaNa, matsya udyoga, vahANa bAMdhavAno vyavasAya, lAMkaDAmAMthI vividha vastu banAvavAno vyavasAya, sonA-cAMdI uparanuM nakazIkAma, gAMdhIdhAma ane Adipura audyogika nagaro tarIke ubhA thayA. A gAMdhIdhAmanI sthApanA mahAtmA gAMdhInAM AzIrvAda sAthe UbhI thaI. gAMdhInAM nAma sAthe saMkaLAyela gAMdhIdhAma kaMDalA hindamAM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. kacchanAM Arthika vikAsamAM sTenlesa sTIlanAM vAsaNo, davAo, hAthe guMthavAno mazInano, taiyAra kapaDAM, plAsTIkanAM pAIpo, vijaLInAM sAdhano, vepAra-vANijyamAM temanI pragati lAve che. kacchamAM bokasAITa, lignAITa, benTonAITa, akIka kAcanI retI, cunAnA pattharo, ciroDI, ane raMgIna mATI vagerenI vipulatA che. temanAM udyogomAM vikAsa thaI rahyo che. mIThApuramAM tAtAnuM kArakhAnuM che. kacchamAM mIThuM ane cunAnA pattharonI vipulatA jotAM rasAyaNa udyogone vikAsanI ghaNI tako prApta che. simenTano udyoga vikasAvavAnI zakyatA che. iphakonuM sauthI moTuM kArakhAnuM te dvArA hajAro kacchIoe potAnI rojI-roTI meLave che. kacchanAM loko bharatakAma sAruM jANe che. bharata bharelAM kapaDAMno vyavasAya che. mATInAM ramakaDAM ane kacchano mIThA udyoga paNa mahattvano kaMDalA thavAthI vepAramAM mukta vepAra jhona tarIke vikasAvavAnAM hetuthI ghaNAM kArakhAnAM ubhA thayAM tethI Aje sauthI vadhAre TrAphika gujarAtamAM rASTrIya dhorImArga para jovA maLe che. ane kaMDalA mahAbaMdara thavAthI duniyAmAM ane bhAratamAM tenuM mahattvanuM sthAna che. pAdanoMdha : 1. DaoN. govardhana zarmA, kaccha loka ane saMskRti, 1987, pR. 15. 2. DaoN. zivaprasAda rAjagora, gujarAtanAM baMdaro eka paricaya, 1987, pR. 17. 3. ejana, pRSTha-9. 5. ejana, pRSTha-11. 7. ejana, pRSTha-258. 4. DaoN. zivaprasAda rAjagora, gujarAtanA baMdarono vikAsa, 1992, pR. 9. 6. rAmasiMhajI rAThoDa, kacchanuM saMskRti darzana, 1959, pR. 218 8. rAmasiMhajI rAThoDa, pervAkta graMtha, pR. 222. pathika' - eprila jhU 1998 * 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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eprila '98 Reg. No. GAMC-19 vyAjalIdAma ane uttamukAma, minailAve. samRdhibharyuvAna. hatA ! ki.grA. poliyesTara pAuca pemAM * 5 ane 50 kigA. eca.DI.pI.I. begamAM MINZYME PLANT GROWTH PROMOTE TInI NEEMOL ACESIRATE 2007 viziSTa yuciA koTiMga pAvaDara, nukazAnahita, jaMtu-pratirodhaka, harbala ane bAyoDagaDabala che. vanaspati vRddhivardhaka 100, 200, 500 mI.lI. 1lITara ane 5 lITaranA pemAM 500 grAma ane dvi.. poliyesTara pAuca pekamAM tIvra jhADirekTIna (harbala proDakTasa) pravAhI ane dANAdAra 100, 500 mI.lI., lITara ane 5 lITaranA pemAM Muda oleva ales del coszly to Avo pAra kami, mArA amadAvAdanAM pAnapeDA, jApAna, jarA enI For Private and Personal Use Only