Pathik 1998 Vol 38 Ank 06

Author(s): Nagjibhai K Bhatti and Other
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535450/1

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pathika (itihAsa-purAtattvanuM eka mAtra gujarAtI mAsika) - Adya taMtrI sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa taMtrImaMDaLa DaoN. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa varSa : 38 muM, aMka : 6 vi.saM. 2054 : phAgaNa sana 1998 : mArca cartubhuja pArvatI - rANInI vAva (solaMkIkAla) - pATaNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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With Best Compliments from CHITRA ELEVATORS Mahipal Patel Tushar Patel Phone 741 35 31 743 36 90 Mobil 98250-15759 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra varSa 38 muM ] sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa smAraka TrasTa TrasTI-maMDaLa Do. ke. kA. zAstrI, DaoN. cinubhAI nAyaka, Do. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa pathika www.kobatirth.org phAgaNa, saM. 2054 : mArca, 1998 anukrama 'sattaramAM saikAmAM surata' ''kaccha itihAsa pariSada'' : ratnamaNirAva joTe ane temanuM itihAsa lekhanamAM pradAna - DaoN. ke. sI. bAroTa - prA. arUNa vAghelA [ aMka 6 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - jayaMtigiri pI. gosvAmI 10 | vArSika lavAjama rU. 35/- pAtrIsa : chUTaka nakalanA rU.4-50 / TapAla kharca sAthe H AjIvana sahAyakanA rU. 401 / lavAjama mATe ma.o. yA benka DrAphTa pathika kAryAlaya'nA nAmano I kaDhAvI mokalavo. 1 grAhakone vinaMti : lavAjamo mokalatAM temaja anya patravyavahAra karatAM potAno grAhaka nambara avazya noMdhavo. grAhakanambara nahi maLatAM inDeksa-slipo temaja keTalIkavAra grAhaka-noMdhapothI tapAsatA ghaNuM kaSTa paDe che. AjIvana sahAyaka temaja vArSika grAhako beu mATe A vinaMti che. lavAjamo : vArSika grAhakonAM ghaNAM lavajamo hajI bAkI che. potAnuM varSa pUruM thatAM ja lavAjama mokalI ApavuM ke jethI grAhaka tarIke cAlu rahevA mAge che ke nahi e spaSTa thAya. 12 For Private and Personal Use Only sUcanA pathika pratyeka aMgrejI mahinAnI 15mI tArIkhe prasiddha thAya che. pachInA 15 divasamAM aMka na maLe to sthAnika posTa oNphisamAM likhita phariyAda karavI ane nakala amane mokalavI. pathika sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA ane jJAnanuM mAsika che. jIvanane UrdhvagAmI banAvatAM abhyAsapUrNa ane ziSTa maulika lakhANone svIkAravAmAM Ave che. prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. kRti sArA akSare zAhIthI ane kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI hovI joIe. kRtimAM koI anya bhASAnAM avataraNa mUkyAM hoya to eno gujarAtI tarajUmo Apavo jarUrI che. kRtimAMnA vicAronI javAbadArI lekhakanI raheze. pathikamAM prasiddha thatI kRtionA vicAro-abhiprAyo sAthe taMtrI sahamata che ema na samajavuM. asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLavavA jarUrI TikiTo AvI haze to tarata parata karAze. namUnAnA aMkanI nakala mATe 5-00 nI TikiTo mokalavI. ma..DrAphTa-patro mATe lakho : pathika kAryAlaya `. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda 38000 e sthaLe mokalo. pathika kAryAlaya vatI mudraka prakAzaka : pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa, C\o. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. kaoNlejanA kempasamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 mudraNasthAna : kriSnA zrAphiksa, 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 * phona : 7484393 . tA. 15-3-99

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sattaramA saikAmAM surata | De. ke. sI. bAroTa suratano sthApanAkALa : bhAratavarSanA itihAsamAM videza vepAra, udyoga, dhaMdhA temaja kalA-kArIgarIne kSetre atyaMta prasiddha evAM kendromAM surata sadIothI mokharAnuM sthAna dharAve che. eka agatyanA vepArImathaka ane baMdara tarIke suratanI gaNanA cheka maLyugathI thatI AvI che. 14mA saikA pachI suratanA jaLa-sthaLa mArge deza videzanAM aneka mahattvapUrNa mathako sAthe saMkaLAyela jAya che. vartamAna suratanAM samIpavartI gAmo-katAragAma, kAmareja vagereno ullekha tAmrapatro vageremAMthI paNa maLI rahe che. tene AdhAre e. bI. renala jevA vidvAno mAne che ke "teramI sadInI zarUAta sudhI surata eka nAnakaDuM hatuM eTale ke) teramI sadInI pahelI pacIsI pachIthI surata vikasavA mAMDyuM haze.'' uparyukata matane samarthana maLI rahe tevuM maMtavya dharAvatAM DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI jaNAve che ke "suratanA janmapUrve katAragAma (katAragAma) vaDuM mathaka hatuM. enI dakSiNe solaMkI kALanA aMtamAM athavA prAyaH salanatakALanA AraMbhamAM (surata) vasyuM lAge che." e ja rIte gujarAtanA agragaNya purAtattvavida prophe. (Do.) ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA paNa uparyukata maMtavyane maLato mata ApatAM jaNAve che ke " 'tApI nadInA dakSiNa kinArA para vikasela suratanI AjubAjunA DamasathI kAmareja sudhInA pradezamAM junI mAnava-vasAhato maLI Avela che tethI A vistArano lAMbo itihAsa hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. jo ke) mAnava-vasAhata kyArathI zarU thai e prazna anuttara che, paraMtu upalabdha purAvAone AdhAre kahI zakAya ke suratanI vasAhata teramI sadI pahelAnI che." vAstavamAM suratanA ItihAsanI vyavasthita jANakArI ApaNane paMdaramA saikAnA prathama dazakathI maLe che, paraMtu vividha vidvAno surata sAthe saMkaLAyela daMtakathAone anulakSIne tenA itihAsane dasamA saikA sudhI laI javA prayatna kare che te stutya nathI, izunI dasamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM (I.sa. 90-1939) lakhAyelA "jasayuttavArIkhanA lekhaka razIrudIna gujarAtanA sAgarakAMThAnAM gAmonA ullekha kare che temAM bharUca ane damanapura baMdaronAM nAma)-che, paNa suratanuM nAma nathI. izunI agiyAramI sadInA uttarArdhamAM abu-abdullAha-ala idrasIe lakhelA adajhAnula mustAka' nAmanA graMthamAM gujarAtanAM nagaronAM nAmo ApelAM che temAM AzAvala, dhoLakA, siddhapura, bharUca, khaMbhAta vagereno ullekha che, paNa suratano ullekha nathI. e ja rIte I.sa. 126 1-75 vacce jhakarIyA-ala-kAjhavInIe lakhelA 'AsAluM bIlAda nAmanA graMthamAM anya nAmo che, paraMtu) suratanuM nAma nathI. vaLI pracalita 'rAsamALA'nA racayitA e.ke.phArbasa paNa mULarAja solaMkInuM sainya bharUca ane sUryapurathI pasAra thayAnuM jaNAvIne ukata sUryapurane vartamAna surata mAnI le che, paraMtu hariprasAda zAstrI jevA keTalAka vidvAno phArbasanA ukata abhiprAyane mAtra kAlpanika ja mAnIne suratane saltanatakALanA AraMbhamAM vasela jaNAvI A sUryapura viSaya vartamAna godharA-luNAvADA vistAramAM Avelo hato ema mAno che. DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrInA maMtavya anusAra saltanatakALa daramyAna suratanI sthApanA thayAnI vAta eTalA mATe samajAya tema che ke moTA bhAganA purAvA ke avazeSo gujarAtamAM saltanatanI sthApanA pachIno samaya surata mATe nirdeza che. Ama jovA jaie to "svataMtra gujarAtI saltanatanI pachI turata ja suratano ullekha maLe che. sultAna mujhaphpharazAha prathame (14-07-'10) sattAprApti pachI turata ja surata-rAMderanA hAkema tarIke tenA putra zekha malika urphe mastIkhAnane nImyAno ullekha "mirAte sikaMdarI'nA racayitA sikaMdara-bina-muhammada urphe maMjue karela che. sulatAna sAmenA A vidrohamAM bhAga lIdhA pachI moTe bhAge mastIkhAnane surata-rAMderanuM hAkemapada gumAvavuM paDyuM hovAthI teno koI ja ullekha prApta thatI nathI, * adhyApaka, itihAsa vibhAga, ela.DI. ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAda pathika'-mArca, 1998 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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suratanuM nAmAbhidhAnaH suratanI sthApanA aMge je rIte vAdavivAda prarvate che te 'ja rIte enA nAmAbhidhAna aMge paNa vividha vidvAno vacce mata-matAntaro jovA maLe che. suratanA nAmAbhidhAna aMge prA. DaoN. ramaNalAla nAgarajI mahetA jaNAve che "vikramanI bIjI sahasrAbdInA prathama caraNamAM suratanuM astitva spaSTa rIte sAbita thAya che. 'surata' zabda paNa saMbhavataH A sthaLanI vasAhata sAthe vikasela zabda che. khaMbhAtanI mAphaka surata paNa te vakhatanI lokabhASAmAMthI Avyo hoya (ema jaNAya che). tenI saMskRtaniSTha vyutpatti sUryapura vagere zabdo parathI thAya che te surata zabdano chello 'ta' barAbara samajAvatI nathI tethI surata zabdano 'sura'padAgra saMbhavataH tApI nadInI sAthe sUrya zabdanA saMbaMdhathI hoya, tethI 'sUra'nuM arthathI sUrajanuM gAma evo artha Ape. suratanA nAma sAthe A rIte sUryanuM nAma saMkaLAyela hovAthI mAnyatA vajUdavALI che. A to thai nAmanI zAbdika vyutpatti, paraMtu AlphreDa mAsTara jevA keTalAka vidvAno "killebaMdha nagarano artha dharAvatAM 'surata' ke 'purata' evo arabI phArasI mULanI zabdatinI saMketa kare che, jyAre vidvAna prAdyApaka DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA saMskRta zabda 'sUryapura' uparathI 'surata' sheje vyutpanna thai zake ema mAne che. temanA mate surata nAma sUryapura-sUrajapura-suratapura-e pramANe vyutpanna thaine sUryapura eTale sUryanuM nagara (ema artha Ape che) tenI sAthe ja rAnera (rAMdera) eTale sUryapatI rannAdenuM nagara ane te baMnenI vacce sUryakanyA tI(tApI) vahe che. tene kinAre azvinI-kumAro e sUrya putro che. pAse ja Avela sAMdhiyera ane okhA gAmo 'saMdhyA' ane 'upAnI' yAda Ape che.'' A to thai vartamAna vidvAnonI vividha mAnyatAo, paraMtu bhUtakALanAM sAdhano para thoDIka najara karIe to kavi padmanAbharacita 'kAnhaDake prabaMdha'mAM sUryano ullekha 'suti' zabdathI maLe che, jyAre suratanA malika gopI vize lakhAyela eka saMskRta kAvyamAM 'sUryapura' evo ullekha che. (e ja rIte) zoripura,'zauriyapura,' 'sauyApura'ane 'sUryApura' jevA zabdo jaina graMthomAM paNa maLe che. jaina anuzruti anusAra yAdavo dvArakAmAM AvyA te pahelAM mathurA pAsenA sauripura (vartamAna sUrajapura-jillo AgrA)mAM rokAyA hovAnuM mAne che chatAM purANomAM sUryapura jevo zabda kyAMya upalabdha nathI tethI DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANI jaNAve che ke "surata'zabda sUryapura uparathI na ja AvI zake. e nirAdhAra aTakaLa jaNAya che. (A aMge) jUnuM rUpa 'surata'hovAno mAro khayAla che. koi phArasI nAma (jemake malika gopI parathI gopIpurA) ke zabda (tenA) mULamAM hoya kadAca. Ama vividha vidvAnomAM suratanA nAmAbhidhAna mATe vividha matamatAntaro prarvata che, paraMtu surata zabdane 'sUrya'sAthe prathama dRSTie saMbaMdha hovAno bhrama jarUra utpanna thato hovAnuM kabulavuM rahyuM. suratanA saMsthApaka : suratanA nAmAbhidhAna aMge vividha matamatAntaro tapAsyA pachI enI sthApanA koNe karI e prazna sahaja rIte ja thato hoi atre tenA saMsthApaka aMge carcA karIzuM. itihAsanA vizALa phalaka para daSTipAta karIe to jaNAya che ke izunA teramA saikAmAM vAghelA vaMzanA aMtima rAjavIonA samaye kAzmIra, bihAra, uttarapradeza, khAnadeza, madhyapradeza temaja rAjasthAna vagere pradezomAM mukhya nagaromAM nAgara gRhastho mukhya sthAno para goThavAi cUkyA hatA. Avo eka nAgara rAma vaDanagarathI ke koi anya sthaLethI izunI dasamI sadInA prAraMbhamAM dakSiNe gujarAtamAM Avyo ane lATanA rAjAnI sevAmAM maMtrI -pade pahoMcyo teNe vartamAna zahera che. te bhUmi para surata vasAvyuM, teno vaMzaja malika gopI garbhazrImaMta ane mahApratApI hovAthI jyAre hiMduone rAjyamAM UMcA pade niyukita maLatI nahIM tyAre potAnI buddhapratibhA ane kuzaLatAne lIdhe teNe rAjyamAM mokharAnuM sthAna temaja puSkaLa saMpatti meLavyAM. sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA zAsana TANe A gopInAtha prakAzamAM Avyo ane aMtima varSomAM maMtrIpade pahoMcIne malikano khitAba ke je mAtra musalamAnone ke dharmaparivartana karela saradArane ja maLato te meLavyo. maleka gopInI dUraMdezitA 1 'pathika'-mArca, 1998 * 2 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tenI porTugIjho sAthenI maitrIthI jaNAya Ave che. i.sa.1514 mAM porTugIjha gavarnara Albukarke potAnA pratinidhi sulatAna pAse mokalyA tyAre teo suratamAM gopInAthabhAI mukunda urphe miyAMbAbunI havelImAM utarelA. suratanA vikAsa mATe eNe pUrato prayatna karela jaNAya che. teNe gIpIpurA nAmanuM paruM vasAvI, tyAM suMdara makAno baMdhAvI zrImaMta prajAjanone tyAM vasAvyA. ahIM teNe potAnA nAma parathI baMdhAvela gopItaLAva ane potAnI pattInA nAma parathI baMdhAvela rANItaLAva aMge sara Tomasa ro(isa.1966) A aMge vistRta rIte noMdhe che ke "A taLAvane soLa khUNAo che. tenI dareka bAju so kadama jeTalI lAMbI che. tenA taLiyAmAM pharasa bAMdhela che ane kAMThathI pANImAM UtaravA cAre tarapha pagathiyAM che. taLAvanI madhyamAM eka nAno dvIpa che tenI vacamAM vArigRha che. A taLAvamAM sImanuM pANI eka moTI nahera dvArA lAvI bharavAmAM Ave che. nahera upara pula bAMdhavAmAM Avyo che." AvI ja eka noMdha bIjA videzI DaoN.jhona DrAyara (I.sa. 1675)nI che temAM A taLAvanA eka mAilanA gherAvA tathA pALa para karAvavAmAM AvatA bethI traNa lAkha dIvAo aMge noMdha karavAmAM Avela che. Ama maleka gopIe tatkAlIna samaye atyaMta kaparA kALamAM suratanI ghaNI moTI sevA karela che. teNe suratane suzobhita karI. gujarAtanA ApakhUda ane julmI sultAno para niyaMtraNa mUkavA porTugIjhono sAtha meLavI rAjakIya cAturyano paricaya karAvela che. A rIte suratanI sthApanA aMgenA vividha mato temaja tenI sthApanA ane vikAsamAM mahattvapUrNa bhAga bhajavanAra maleka gopI vize pUratI mAhitI upalabdha che. rAjakIyakSetre sattaramA saikAnuM surata : sattaramAM saikAnA prAraMbhika dazaka daramyAna suratamAM vividha kSetre banela mahattvapUrNa banAvoe mAtra surata tathA gujarAtanA ja nahIM, paNa rAmagra bhAratanAM rAjakIya temaja Arthika pAsAM para amITa chApa pADI che. I.sa.1605mAM mahAna mughala samrATa akabaranuM avasAna thatAM jahAMgIra sattAsthAne Avyo teNe gujarAtanA saMcAlanamAM keTalAka jarUrI pheraphAra karyA. A samaye suratanuM baMdara deza-videzamAM atyaMta pracalita thai cUkayuM hatuM. vAstavamAM suratanA rAjakIya temaja vepArI mahattvano aMdAja meLavI cUkelA muslima zAsakoe tenA vikAsa tarapha vizeSa lakSa ApI tenI salAmatInI paNa pUratI kALajI lIdhI hatI. sulatAna bahAdurazAhe phiraMgIonA avAranavAra thatA humalAo ane herAnagatathI suratanuM rakSaNa karavA kAyamI sainya-prabaMdha karyo hato. sulatAna mahemUdazAha trIjAe suratanA hAkema 'khudAvaMdakhAna'nA samaye suratamAM nadIkinAre atyaMta majabUta killo baMdhAvI, surata baMdarane sthApI salAmatI bakSI hatI (I.sa.1540-41). DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI noMdhe che ke gujarAtanAM baMdaromAM jaima khaMbhAta solakIkALamAM vikasyuM ne saltanata kALamAM dezavidezamAM mazahUra thayuM tema surata saltanatakALamAM vikasyuM ne mudhalakALamAM ne 'baMdara mubAraka'tarIke khyAti pAmyuM.' 7754 tyArabAda mirjhAone niyaMtraNamAM levAnA AzayathI samrATa akabare surata para caDhAi karI (I.sa.1573), killo kabaje karI, baMdaranA sthAyI vahIvaTa mATe mutsadI(hAkema)nI niyukti karI makakAnI hajano mArga khullo karyo. I.sa. 1905mAM samrATa akabaranuM avasAna thatAM jahAMgIra sattAsthAne Avyo teNe gujarAtanA saMcAlanamAM keTalAka jarUrI pheraphAra karyA. suratanuM rAjakIya ane Arthika mahattva pichANIne te mATe vizeSa kALajI lIdhI. A arasAmAM IMglaeNnDanI isTa inDiyA kaMpanI'nA pratinidhi viliyama hokinse surata baMdara pAse potAnuM vahANa lAMgaryuM (i.sa. 1608). suktanA vizepa mahattvane oLakhI gayelA aMgrejoe sara TaoNmasa ronI madadathI kaMpanInI koThI tyAM sthApavAnI khAsa paravAnagI meLavI lIdhI(I.sa.1613) ane thoDAka samayamAM ja bharUca, amadAvAda ane AgrA jevAM bhAratamAM anya vepArI mathakeA (koThIo) kaMpanIe suratanI sattA nIce mUkI dIdhAM (I.sa. 1618-19). tyArabAda suratanI madadathI irAna sahita aneka videzI vepArI mathako sAthe vepAra vikasAvyo. yuropanI anya prajAo Daca-porTugIjha vageree paNa surata para potAnuM varcasa sthApavA karelA agaNita prayatno ane kAvA-dAvA jotAM sattaramA saikAmAM suratanuM sArvatrika mahattva keTaluM hatuM teno aMdAja AvyA vinA raheto nathI. 'pathika'-mArca, 1998 * 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mughala bAdazAha zAhajahAMe jahAMgIra sAme vArasAIne prazna karela vidrohane lIdhe dilhI najIka (balupura mukAma) thayelA yuddhamAM zAhI lazkarano vijaya thayo (mArca 163), paraMtu gujarAtanA sUbo vikramajitasiMha emAM mAryo jatAM jahAMgIre paMdara varSanA zAhajAdA dAvabalane gujarAtanA sUbApade niyukta karyo (me, 1923). bAhoza dIvAna saphIkhAne baLavAkhorone keda pakaDI vidroha dabAvI dIdho. te arasAmAM zAhajAdA khurrama pitAnA avasAnanA samAcAra jANI AgrA javA ravAnA thatAM samRddha suratano kabajo lai nANAM ekatrita karyA (Dise. 1627) hovAnI mAhitI batAvI Ape che ke surata keTaluM samRddha ane mahattvapUrNa hatuM. tyAra bAdajaI.sa.16 30-32 nAM varSomAM surata gujarAta temaja moTA bhAganA hiMda para pahelA "satyAsiyA dukALe ' ghaNI moTI tabAhI macAvI hovAthI rAjakIya pravAha pramANamAM haLavA banyA. duSkALane prabhAva eTalo vizeSa hato ke moTA bhAganuM janajIvana enAthI khoraMbhAI gayuM. deza-videzanA vividha vidvAno ane lekhakoe enI noMdha lIdhI che. 'mirAte ahamadI'mAM noMdhavAmAM AvyuM che ke loko eka roTalAnA badalAmAM jAta vecavA taiyAra thatA, paNa koi ja kharIdanAra nahatuM. koi pakaDIne khAi jaze e bIke koi ja bahAra nIkaLatuM nahIM. A dukALa bhUtakALanI marakI ane bhISaNa dukALane paNa bhUlAvI dIdhAM. bAdazAhanA hukamathI surata amadAvAda ane burahAnapuramAM rasoDAM zarU karAyAM, paraMtu e vakhatanA suratanA gavarnara mIra susAe koi khAsa prayatna karyo nahIM. tyArapachInA suratanA itihAsamAM sauthI vadhu dhyAna kheMce evo rAjakIya koi banAva hoya to te e zivAjInI suratanI lUMTa. vAstavamAM sattaramA saikAmAM suratanA itihAsamAM banela atyaMta mahattvapUrNa banAva tarIke tenI gaNanA thAya che. zivAjI suratanI samRddhi vize ghaNI mAhitI meLavI hatI. mughala zAsako sAthe cAlatA emanA avirata saMgharSamAM jo inAM nANAM meLavavAnA AzayathI eNe I.sa. 1664 ane 1970 mAM kala be vakhata suratane luTayuM hatuM. surA mughala uparAMta pArTugIjha - Daca- aMgreja prajAo mATe paNa mahatvapUrNa vepArI mathaka hatuM, suratanA baMdara dvArA videzo sAtheno dariyAi vepAra tathA makkA-madInAnI hajayAtrA vagerenI sagavaDane anulakSIne samRddha vepArIo temaja yAtrikonAM ToLeToLAM suratamAM jovA maLatAM. enA lIdhe vizALa bajAra ane nANAMnI relamachela dharAvatuM surata zivAjIne lUMTa karavA lalacAvatuM hatuM. vaLI tenA rakSaNa mATe sabaLa ane sAmUhika koI baMdobasta na hato. dareka potapotAnA vyaktigata rakSaNanuM dhyAna rAkhatA hatA. pariNAme zahera ane baMdarane surakSita rAkhato killo dekhabhALa ane rakSaNanI sagavaDanA abhAve jIrNa-zIrNa banI cUkyo hato ane bacAva mATe apUrato hato. e ja rIte bacAva mATe pUratuM sainya paNa zaheramAM hAjara na hovAthI jAnyu-1664 mAM prathama vakhatanA humalAmAM zivAjIe suratanA khyAtanAma vepArI vIrajI vorA, hAjI jhahIrabega ane hAjI kAsimane potAnuM lakSya banAvI temane potAnI samakSa hAjara thavA kaheNa mokalyuM, paraMtu tema na thatAM zivAjIe samagra zaherane lUMTayuM, uparyukata samRddha vepArIone paNa lUMTI lIdhA. A lUMTamAM eNe lagabhaga traNa lAkha pAunDanI kimatanuM jhaverAta, hIrAmotI tathA sonu-cAMdI temaja anya kiMmatI vastuo kabaje karI ne pachI jhaDapathI surata choDI cAlyo gayo. tyArabAda zivAjIe bIjI vAranI luMTa I.sa. 1970mAM mAtra cha varSa pachI ja) karI. suratanA mutsaddI (hAkema) pade mamrarakhAnanI nimaNuka tAjetaramAM ja karavAmAM AvI hovAthI haju sUratathI pUrI vAkepha tene zivAjInI luMTano bhoga banavuM paDyuM. A vakhate zivAjIe trIjI okaTobara 1970 thI traNa divasa sudhI samagra zaherane lUMTayuM. aMgrejo ane bIjA videzI vepArIoe kiMmatI bheTa sogAdo ApIne potAnI milakato tema mANasone A lUMTano bhoga banatAM aTakAvyA. zivAjIe paNa baMne caDAIo vakhate aMgreja, Daca tathA phreca prajAne lUMTI nahi ke temanI sAthe saMgharSa karela nahIM. A parathI anumAna thai zake ke mughalo sAthe vera hatuM, videzIo sAthe nahIM. jayAre bIjI lUMTa pachI suratane AvI lUMTamAMthI dara varSe bacAvavuM hoya to prativarSa bAra lAkha rUpiyA cUkavI devA athavA lUMTa mATe taiyAra rahevA zaheranA sattAvALAone dhamakI paNa ApI. Ama be vakhatanI lUMTathI surata pathika'-mArca, 1998 - 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lagabhaga naSTa thaI gayuM, tenA vepAra-dhaMdhA para bhAre asara thaI. tenI rAjakIya avyavasthA tathA nirbaLatA khullI paDI javA pAmI. pariNAme videzI vepArIoe have vadhu salAmata ane sArA vepArI mathakanI zodha karavA mAMDI. AnA anusaMdhAnamAM aMgrejoe potAnA mukhya vepArI mathaka tarIke muMbaIne pasaMda karyuM (I.sa. 1987). A badhAMne lIdhe vepAra-udhoga ane lokonI avarajavarathI satata dhamadhamatA surata temaja suMvALInI khADI jevAM mathako have sUmasAma thaI gayAM. samaya jatAM suMvALInI khADI purAI gaI. A uparAMta dharmajhanUnI raMgajhebanI bhedabhAva ane anyAya-yukta asahiSNu nItine lIdhe suratanI AmajanatA tathA vepArI vargamAM asaMtoSa vyApaka banatAM agragaNya vepArIo have muMbaI tarapha vaLyA; ke te pachI mahaMmadabegakhAna nAmanA mutsadInA samaye (isa. 16789) jUnA surata zaherane pharate killo baMdhAvIne tene majabUta tathA surakSita banAvavA prayatna karavAmAM Avyo. sattaramA saikAnA aMtabhAgamAM pharI Avo koI moTo banAva na banatAM surate potAnI jAhojalAlI punaH prApta karI hovAnI jANa ApaNane viMgTana nAmanA aMgreja pAdarI(I.sa. 1689-92)nI noMdha parathI thAya che. tatkAlIna surata vize te noMdhe che ke "surata jANeke samasta hiMdanuM eka bhavya saMgrahasthAna che. tamAma tarehano mAla ahIM maLe che. mAla AyAta karavA mATe nadI vizALa che ane vahANomAM mAla saraLatAthI ane jhaDapathI lAvI zakAya che. yuropa, cIna, IrAna, baTeriyA ane hiMdanA baMdare badarathI mAla suratanA bajAramAM Ave che. A noMdha parathI spaSTapaNe jaNAI Ave che ke I.sa.1664 ane 1678 nI zivAjInI lUMTa tathA anya videzI AkramaNo, dariyAI cAMciyAgIrI, vidharmIonAM AkramaNo ane atyAcAra, rogacALA, tApInI vinAzaka jaLarelo vagere sahana karatuM surata thoDA samayanA aMtare je te AghAta khaMkherIne punaH dhamadhamatuM banI gayu e bAbata tenI avirata saMgharSamaya rahevAnI tAsIra darzAve che. sattaramA saikAmAM suratanI Arthika samRddhi : vepAra-vANijaya, udyoga-dhaMdhA ane hunnara-kalAkSetre deza-videza sAthe saMparkamAM AvavAthI Avela vaividhya ane saMpannatAne lIdhe sadIothI surata atyaMta pracalita rahyuM che. maleka gopI, vIrajI vorA, hari vaizya, hAjI mahaMmada kahIdabega, mIrajhAphara, rastamajI mANekajI, tApIdAsa pArekha, bhImajI pArekha, mohanadAsa pArekha, tulasIdAsa zarekha, jADu zeTha, somajI chItA, choTA ThAkura temaja benIdAsa jevA zrImaMta zeTha zAhukAro tathA vepArIo suratanI samRddhi vadhAravAmAM atyaMta upayogI nIvaDyA che. mATe ja pheMca pravAsI theveno (I.sa. 166 6) suratanI potAnI mulAkAtathI prabhAvita thaI noMdhe che ke "zaheramAM aneka lakSAdhipatio hatA." pheMca musApharanI uparyukata noMdhane mirthana ApatAM enA samakAlIna bIjA eka videzI pravAsI phAdhara menyuala goDino (I.sa.166 3) paNa A aMge taNAve che ke "surata bhAratanuM sauthI moTuM vepArI mathaka che ane kadAca jagatabharamAM sauthI vadhu dhanasaMpanna che, kAraNa ahIM pasaMdagIno mAlasAmAna samudra ane bhUmimArge Ave che. samagra varSa daramyAna suratamAM cIna, malakkA, kAsAra, malukA, jakArtA, mAladIva, baMgALa, tenAsarIma, silona, kocIna, kAnAphUra, kAliphTa, makkA, eDana, ejha, maskata, mADAgAskara, horamajha, basarA, siMda, IMglenDathI-TUMkamAM, jagatanA badhA ja vistAromAMthI vahANo Ave che."* videzI pravAsIonI uparyukta noMdho suratanI Arthika samRddhinI sAkSI pUre che. vAstavamAM potAnA bhaugolika sthAnane kAraNe surata vepAra-udyoga temaja kalA-kArIgarIne kSetre atyaMta calita banela che. pArasI, porTugIjha, Daca temaja aMgreja prajAe potapotAnI vividha kalAcUjha tathA vepAra-udyogane gatI AvaDatanuM AdAna-pradAna karIne samRddhi meLavela che. A tamAma pravRttionA mukhya kendra tarIke surata hovAthI no addabhuta lAbha uThAvI zakavAnI suratane taka maLela jaNAya che; jemake jarIudhogamAM pracalita banela sura 5 iMca prajA pAsethI zIkhIne tene eTalI hade AtmasAt karI hatI ke phrAMsa pachI bhAratanuM nAma dvitIya krame Ave . te mATe suratane ja yaza Apavo rahyo. A uparAMta sutarAu, rezamI, jarI-kasabavALuM, sATIna temaja malamalanA paDanI dezavidezomAM ghaNI moTI jarUriyAta (mAMgI hatI. kApaDa para sonAcAMdInA tArathI jarInA bharata-buTTA pathika mArca, 1998 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bharavAno hunnara-udyoga suratamAM vikasyo hato. A uparAMta AkarSaka rAcaracIluM tathA suratanA jahAjavADAmAM, dariyAmAM banatAM jahAjo-vahANo aMge oviMgTana nAmano aMgreja pAdarI musAphara (1689-92) paNa jaNAve che ke "suratanA) vahANa bAMdhanArA suthAro ghaNA hoziyAra che. emAM teo evuM UMcA prakAranu lAkaDuM vApare che ke emAM baMdUkanI goLIthI tirADa sarakhI paDatI nathI." A lekhakanI noMdhamAM AgaLa upara suratanA vepAra-dhaMdhAnI vigate mAhitI maLI rahe che. te noMdhe che ke "atalasa, kinakhAkha, rezamI kApaDa, TApheTA, sATIna, jarI,gajI vagere mATe surata mazahUra che. hIrA, mANeka, motI vagere jhaverAtano temaja pharnicarano (ahIM) moTo vepAra cAle che. ahIM cokhkhu sonuM maLe che, (ahIMnI) cAMdInuM mUlya UMcu aMkAya che. ahIM sonAnA ane cAMdInA sikkA cAle che, dilhI, AgrA, bharUca, amadAvAda vagere zaherono temaja duniyAnA ghaNA dezono mAla ahIM Ave che. Armeniyano, irAnIo (pArasIo), arabo, turko ane yuropiyano e badhA mAlano bhAre vepAra kheDe che. ahIMnA kArIgaro kaMIka navuM jue to tenI nakala karavAmAM pAvaradhA che. kApaDanuM kAma to duniyAmAM kayAMya na thAya evuM suratamAM thAya che. lAkhanuM kAma ahIMnuM vakhaNAya che.'16 Ama jarIkAma ane kApaDaudyoga uparAMta eka dhIkatA baMdara tarIke surata 350 thI vadhu varSothI jANItuM che. ahIMnA kinArAnA pradezomAM jANItAM baMdaro hatAM. saMjANa paNa AvuM ja eka jANItuM baMdara hatuM. ahIMthI Araba dezomAM nIkAsa thatI.17 ApaNe jANIe ja chIe ke A baMdarethI AvIne pArasIo gujarAtanI prajA sAthe 'dUdhamAM sAkara bhaLe tema' bhaLI jaIne dezanA sArvatrika vikAsano eka bhAga banI gayA. e ja rIte aMgrejoe suratanu mahattva samajIne tyA potAnI vepArI koThI sthApI, dUranA dezo sAtheno vepAra vikasAvyo. porTugIjha prajAe A hetusara suratamA vepArI mathaka sthApI. yuropanA moTA bhAganA vepArI vahANo surata-suvALI baMdare naMgaratA suratanA vepArI ahIM chIMTa, cinAI mATInAM vAsaNo, cinAI sATIna, hAthIdAMta ane tenI vastuo, motInI chIpo, akIka, cokhA ane keLAM vecatA. suratanA vepArI hUMDI lakhI zaktA ane vahANanA jokhama mATe vImA paNa utAratA, suratathI sutarAu kApaDa, gaLI, surokhAra, pIpara, marI, lAkha, gAlIcA, sUtara, hIMgaLokI ane khAMDa vagerenI nikAsa thatI ane kalAi, pAro, paravALAM, sIsuM, sonA-cAMdInA tAranA bharatakAmanI AyAta karatA.A lekhake AgaLa jatAM noMdhyuM che ke ''suratano khuzkIvepAra dezamAM, gujarAtanAM zahero uparAMta, govalakoMDA, burahApura, AgrA, dilhI ane lAhAra sudhI cAlato. ahIM koMkaNa, malabAra, madrAsa, zrIlaMkA, sumAtrA,IrAna, arabastAna ane AphrikAnAM vAMNonA vAvaTA pharakatA. paradezamAM surata baMdaranA ghauMnI ghaNI mAMga rahetI. suratanu baMdara gaLIno vepAramAM mokhare hatuM. zaheranI sAMkaDI zaherIomAM vAhaNanI bhAre bhIDa rahetI. vakhAromAM mAlano bharAvo raheto.....rUnI bharelI rajAio, bhAtIgaLa zetaraMjIo, suMdara palaMgo, chIpo jaDelAM Tebalo, cAMdInI zobhAvALI cAmaDAnI DhAlo, vagerenI nikAsa thatI ane talavAra, cappu, cazmAM, arIsA, gulAbajaLa,marImasAlA, UnanuM kApaDa, kophI vagerenI AyAta thatI. ahIMnI peDhIo jAvAnAM baMdaromAM zAkhAo rAkhatI. musalamAna vepArIo okhA taraphanAM baMdaro sAthe vepAra kheDatA. suratanI TaMkazALa mughala sAmrAjyamAM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatI. sapTe.thI ahIM aMgrejo, valaMdAo, turko, yahUdIo, Arabo, tAtAnAra, Arameniyana ane irAnI sodAgaronI bhIDa jAmatI. makkAnI haju aMgenI avarajavara paNa thatI.navembarathI eprilanI mosamamAM zaheronAM parAMomaya rahevAmAM makAna maLatuM nahi. Ama surata baMdara satata vepArI pravRttiothI UbharAtuM rahetuM. zAhajahAMnA samaye suratanA baMdaranI Avaka sADA agiyAra lAkha jeTalI hatI. phreca pravAsI TeverniyAM (I.sa.1640-41-53) surata Avyo tyAre vepArI mathaka tarIke te ati samRddha hatuM. suratanI ATalI samRddhi ane kIrti mATe tenI sthApanAnA prAraMbhika tabakkAmAM -saMbhavataH sthApaka rAma maMtrInA vaMzaja gopInAthe moTo phALo Apela che. e ja rIte sattaramA saikAmAM suratamAM vepAra- vANijaya ane Arthika vikAsamAM vIrajI vorA dezabharamAM agrima 'pathika'-mArca, 1998 * 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sthAna dharAvato hato. tenA ejanTo kAlIkTa, govA, burahAnapura, AgrA, gaNadevI, navasArI, vaDodarA, amadAvAda vagere mathakoe hatA. videzomAM paNa eno dhIkato vepAra hato. enA prabhAvane lIdhe aMgreja vepArIo potAnA mAlanI niyamita heraphera aTakAvIne paNa tenA mAlanI heraphera nUra lIdhA vagara ja karI ApatA. I.sa.1925mAM te suratano eka mAtra sarvocca vepArI hato, tethI aMgrejone vIrajI vorAnI zarate ane kiMmata mAla vecavo paDato. tejAnA-garama mazAlAnA vepAramAM tenI ijArAzAhI hatI. marI, laviMga, jAyaphaLa, jAvaMtrIno tamAma jaththo kharIda karIne mAtra suratamAM ja nahi, paNa anya sthaLe manaphAve te bhAve vecato. I.sa.169mAM eNe 2,04,000-nAM marI aMgrejone vecyAM. I.sa. 1648mAM teNe 27 rUpiyAnA naphAthI laviMga Daca vepArIone vecyAM hatAM. I.sa. 1649mAM jAyaphaLa-jAvaMtrIno moTo jaththo kharIda karI kAlIkaTathI AgrA sudhInA vistAramAM potAnI ijArAzAhI UbhI karI hatI. "19 A uparAMta sonuM, cAMdI. pAro, paravALAM, hAthIdAMta ane kApaDano paNa teno ghaNo moTo vepAra hatA uparyukA AMkaDA sattaramA saikAnA hovAthI vartamAna samayanA rUpiyAmAM tenuM rUpAMtara karatA vIrajI vorAnA vepArano vyApa samajAya che. tenI kula saMpatti e vakhatanA koI paNa bhAratIya vepArI karatAM (rUpiyA pAMca karoDa) vadhu AMkavAmAM Ave che. aMgrejone paNa te vyAje nANAM dhIrato, mATe ja I.sa. 1614 mAM vIrajI vorAnA netRtva heThaLanA mahAjananI daramyAnagIrathI aMgrejo. ane mughala sattA vacce samajUtI thai."20 e ja rIte tenI Arthika samRddhino khyAla ApaNane zivAjIe tene lUMTI lIdho te pachI mAtra dasa mAsamAM pharI te pUrvavatu vepAra karato thai gayo te parathI Ave che. bIjA AvA ja eka pArasI sajjana rustama mANekanuM nAma suratanA vagadAra mANasomAM agratAkrame che. te aMgrejo nI koThIno dalAla ane sarApha hato. aMgrejone vepAra mATe te moTI rakama dhIrato hato. auraMgajeba samakSa (I.sa. 1960) yogya rajUAta karIne aMgreja vepArIone sArI evI madada karI hatI. "1 AvA aneka saMdarbhe DAM, makaraMda mahetAe 'mahAjanonI yazagAthA" ane "sama AspekTa oNpha surata ejha e TreDiMga senTara ina dha 17 senyurI-''mAM Apela che, paraMtu sthaLa-saMkocane kAraNe ane teno ulekha mAtra karIzuM. sAmAjika-dhArmika kSetre sattaramA saikAnuM surata : rAjakIya temaja Arthika kSetre suratano sattaramA saikAno vikAsa joyA pachI tenA sAmAjika-dhArmika kSetre najara karatAM jaNAya che ke vepAra-udyoganuM mukhya kendra ane pratiSThita suratanuM sAmAjika-dhArmika jIvana bahuraMgI pratibhA dharAvatuM hatuM. mATe ja pro. pI. sI. jozI noMdhe che ke " Dur hg 17 and 18 centuries Surat was the main centre of trade and commerce and a major port of the country, The city then was cosmopolitan and different cultures ming ed nto the city which gave it a distinctly personalty."** kahevAmAM AvyuM che tema sattaramA saikAnuM e agatyanuM baMdara vepArI mathaka ane sAcA arthamAM "kosmopoliTana siTI" banI cUkayuM hatuM. pArasI vidvAna edalajI paNa Avo ja mata dharAvatAM jaNAve che ke "eziyA, yuropa temaja A sahitanAM kula 84 baMdarothI vepArIo ahIM AvatA hovAthI temanA dhvaja suratanA nadItaTe laherAtA eTale (surata) 84 baMdarano vAvaTo evuM nAma maLyuM. jahAMgIranA samaye (I.sa. 1605-27) surata baMdara prakhyAta hatuM. makkA-madInAnI haja karavA javA icchatA muslima yAtriko surata AvI mahinAo sudhI rokAtA, dezavidezanA hAjI phakIra ane oliyAonI ahIM satata bhIDa rahetI. auraMgajhebanA samaye (1985-1707) suratane makkA' makkAnuM pravezadvAranuM upanAma maLyuM tethI ja saharA daravAjA tarapha pallu musApharakhAnuM baMdhAyuM. zAhajahAMe I.sa. 1927mAM jahAArAne surata baMdaranI 15 lAkhanI AvakavALI jAgIra ApI hatI temAMthI suratanI mutsadI hakIkatakhAne eka vizALa musApharakhAnuM baMdhAvyuM (I.sa.1644) hovAnuM paNa jaNAI Ave che. DaoN. navInacaMdra AcArya paNa A aMge nodhe che ke A makAna suratanA killedAre I.sa.1644mAM baMdhAvyuM hatuM te amadAvAdanA AjhamakhAnanA mahelane maLatuM Ave che. pathika-mArca, 1998 + 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A vidvAnonAM lakhANone AdhAre eka vAta spaSTa thAya che ke e samayanA suratanI tAsIra potAnA samakAlIna evA koi paNa bhAratIya zahera karatAM sAva nirALI hatI. vividha dharma, jAti, pradeza,ane bhASAnA lokothI UbharAtuM surata samRddhinAM zikharo sara karI zakyuM hatuM, tema chatAM A samayanA suratamAM kai vastI keTalA pramANamAM hatI teno koi cokkasa AMkaDo maLato nathI. phreMca musAphara jIna-da-rthavano (I.sa.1666) paNa e aMge noMdhe che ke "vastIno cokkasa AMkaDo Apavo muzkela che. jyAre vahANo Ave tyAre zaheramAM vastI khUba ja hoya che...zaheramAM bhAratIo, irAnIo, Arabo, turkI, phreMco, Aramiyano, ane khristIo che...ekaso gharo ketholikanAM che.25 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir E AvA ja eka bIjA videzI lekhaka piTara vAna Dena broka (I.sa.1620-29) ke je suratanI Daca koThIno vaDo hato te tenI vepAra-dhaMdhAnI noMdha vacce suratanA janajIvanano ullekha karatAM noMdhe che- ''AgrAthI kAphalAne surata pahoMcatAM Azare be mAsa ane dasa divasa thatA (te mATe) be mArgoe javAtuM : eka ke amadAvAda-mahesANAsiddhapura-pAlanapura-meDatA-ajamera-bayAnA-phatepura sikrI thai AgrA ane bIjeA surata-burahAnapura-zirojha-gvAliyaradholapura thai AgrA jato. AgrAthI surata AvatA UMTanu bhADuM 15 rUpiyA traNa AnA ane gADAnA 40-45 rUpiyA thatA iMglaeNnDathI ATha mahinA ane 20 divase surata pahocAtuM.' A DAyarImAM A uparAMta tatkAlIna bhAratanA rItarivAjo, gunA, sajA, lagno, baLAtkAra vagerenI mAhitI paNa, ApatAM te nodhe che ke jAnyuArI 1625 mAM marIno bhAva eka maNano sADA soLa mahemUdI (eka rUpiyA barAbara aDhI mahemUdI) ane jUna sa 1927mAM laviMgano bhAva eka maNano 157 mahemUdI hato. A uparAMta surata AvatAM vahANo, tenAM nAma ane vepArI vigato tathA varasAda, tophAna ane anya noMdho paNa ApaNane sattaramA saikAmAM suratanI jhalaka Ape che. upasaMhAra : pAdaTIpa 1. 2. uparyukta noMdho, sAhitya-saMdarbho, sAdhana-sAmagrI uparAMta suratanA rAjA-ovArA para paDelA prAcIna -avazeSo tathA zaheranAM purAtana maMdironA bhagnAvazeSo, lakhANavALA pALiyAo, tAmrapatro - dAnapatro, mAlavaNa temaja ebA(kAmareja tAluko)nAM khodakAmo dara-myAna maLelA Adya aitihAsika kALanA mATInAM citrita vAsaNo, akIkanAM cappu-pAnAM, kALA paththaranI kuhADI, suratanA samIpavartI vistAronI bhUpRSTharacanA, zaheranAM jUnAM sthaLanAmo tayA zAstro-purANonI mAhitI vagere jevAM vipula sAdhanone dhyAnapUrvaka cakAsavAmAM Ave to suratanI sthApanAthI mAMDIne tenA vividha tabakkAnA jana-jIvanane lagatAM vividha pAsAMne AvarI letI keTalIka rasaprada ane navatara mAhitI acUka prApta thai zake tema che. AvI sAdhanasAmagrIne ekatrita karI, tapAsIne DaoN.makaraMda mahetA tathA DaoN.guNavaMtarAya desAi jevA keTalAka vidvAno ane vinubhAI desAI tathA prA.kurezI jevA itihAsapremIoe je rIte suratanA mahAjano, temanI vepArI pravRttio ane suratanA baMdara temaja aThAvIsI paragaNAne lagatI rasaprada mAhitI ekatrita karela che te jotAM lAge che ke AvI sAdhanasAmagrInAM upayoga ane adhyayana pAchaLa pUratI kALajI levAmAM Ave to suratanI sthApanAthI mAMDIne Adhunika kALa sudhIno eka saLaMgasUtra ane AdhArabhUta itihAsa taiyAra thai zake. jo tema thAya / sattaramA saikAnA suratanI bhavya gauravaprada ane preraNAdAyI aitihAsika mAhitI pra thaI zake tema che. The. sI, 53 bhAgavatanagara so., sAgarabaMgalA sAme, solAroDa, amadAvAda 61 desAi izvaralAla icchArAma, 'surata sonAnI mUrata' -surata i. sa. 1958 pR.3 prophe. (DaoN.) mahetA ramaNalAla nagarajI,'suratano vikAsakrama', 'smaraNikA', guja. itihAsa pariSada, surata i,sa. 1981, pR. 1 'pathika'-mArca, 1998 + 8 For Private and Personal Use Only

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desAi zaMbhuprasAda hariprasAda-maleka gopI, maraNikA, uparyukata-pR. 36 4. phArbasa alekjhAnDara ke, 'rAsamALA' pR.46 zAstrI hariprasAda jI. 'maitrakakAlina gujarAta' bhAga-1, pR. 203 gujarAta rAjaya sarvasaMgraha- surata jillo-amadAvAda, 1994, pR. 81 Do. mahetA ramaNalAla nAgarajI, uparyukta, pR.1 8. Do. sa sara bhogIlAla 'zabda ane artha', pR.166 9 palANa narottamabhAI, surata zabdanI pheravicAraNA-smaraNikA pR.17 10. desAi zaMbhuprasAda malaka gopI', maraNikA, pR. 36 11. desAi zaMbhuprasAda 'malaka gopI, 'smaraNikA, pR. 36 12. Da. zAstrI hariprasAda baMdare mubAraka'-smaraNikA, pR.4 13. gujarAta rAjaya sarvasaMgraha, surata jillA, amadAvAda, 1994 pR. 102 14. 'smaraNikA ke uparyukta-pU.1.8 15. desAI IzvaralAla IcachArAma, surata sonAnI mUrata'-1958, pR.10 16. 'smaraNikA'- uparyukta pR.6 17. Do. sAMkaLiyA hasamukhabhAI, prAgaitihAsika surata, smaraNikA, pR.9 18. desAI I.I., uparyukta, pR.23-25 22. prA. jozI pI.sI, ikonomika sTrakacara oNpha surata siTI-e hisTorikala-praspekaTiva, smaraNikA, pR.63 23. guja. rAjya sarvasaMgraha, uparyukta pRSTha 82 24. DaoN. AcArya navInacaMdra, mughalakAlIna guja., pR. 274 25. juna-da-parvanA, smaraNikA, pR.51 26. medhANI mohana, ''thiyeTara vAna bIka ane tenI surata DAyarI", smaraNikA, pR. 5ra saMdarbha sAhityasUci : (1) AcArya navIcaMdra, "mughalakAlIna gujarAta'-1974 (2) kavi nhAnAlAla, "suratanI sukumAratA"-1927 (3) komisariyaTa ema. esa., hisTrI opha gujarAta-'1957 (4) gujarAta rAjaya sarvasaMgraha-surata jillA-1994 (5) jozI pI.sI., "ikonomika sTrakacara opha surata siTI-e hisTorikta praspeTiva'. 1981 (6) desAi izvarabhAI IcchArAma, ''surata sonAnI mUrata" 1958 (7) desAi guNavaMtarAya, "pazcima bhAratamAM aMgrejo"(8) phArbasa elekajhAnDara ke., rAsamALA-1999 (9) parIkha rasikalAla ane zAstrI eca.jI. "gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa"-1979 (10) mahetA makaraMda je, "mahAjanonI yazagAthA (11) mahetA makaraMda je., "sama AspekaTa oNpha surata eNjha e TreDiMga senTara ina dha 17 senyurI'1984 {1.2) mahetA ramaNalAla nAgajI - "suratano vikAsa krama-1981 (13) mahetA ramaNalAla nAgarajI "bhAratIya vasavATa"(18) mArzala ratana rustamajI ,suratanA be -lattA-sustamapurA-nAnapurA, 1942 (15) sAMkaLiyA hasamukha, "prAgaitihAsika surata"-1981 (16) saMpaTa DugarathI dharamazI "mogala samayanuM gujarAta"-1940 (17) zeTha eca.pI., "ikonomika sTrakcara oNpha surata siTI-e hisTorikala prayeTiva-1981 (18)zAvI hariprasAda, jI., "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta'-'1955 'pathika'-mArca, 1998 - 9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kaccha ItihAsa pariSada" zuM adhivezana" -zrI. yaMtigiri pI. gosvAmI sthaLa : saMta zrI izvararAmajI Azrama-vAMDhAya-kaccha tArIkha : 20, 21-Disembara-1997-zani, ravi, mAgazIrSa vadi-6,7, prathama divasa : tA, 27, 12,97, zanivAra "prathama satra" A satranI zarUAta bhagavAnane prArthanAthI yAda karIne karavAmAM AvI. A prArthanA zrI zaMbhubhAi jozI sAthe sarve pariSadanA sabhyoe karyA bAda saMtazrI karazanadAsajInA haste dIpaprAgaTya ne AzIrvAda thI AgaLa vadhI. A be divasanA adhivezana-satranA prathama divasanA samagra kAryakramanuM adhyakSapada pariSadanA pramukha zrI prANagiri pI. gosvAmIe saMbhALyuM hatuM. kaccha itihAsa pariSadanA maMtrIzrI zaMbhubhAi sI.jozIe svAgata pravacana karI saMsthAnI cha varSanI pragatino citAra-adhivezano jJAnasatro zaikSaNika zibiro ane saMzodhanapravAso vagereno vistRta ahevAla rajU karyo. A saMsthAnA anya maMtrIzrI aruNabhAI Thakkare pote saMsthA taraphathI yojAyela saMzodhanapravAsamAM itihAsanA pAnAmAM na caDelAM kacchanI dhIMgI dharAmAM UMDe patharAyelA purAtana sthAno- pALiyAo vagere vize je navuM jANuM enI vigate mAhitI ApI. sAthe saMsthAnA sabhyo potAnA svakharce A pravAso kare che te paNa jaNAvyuM. saMsthAnA upapramukhazrI vAghubhA jADejAe "kacchI zabdo''ane kacchamAM pANInI samasyA aMge-itihAsanA saMdarbho ApIne rasaprada pravacana ApyuM hatuM temaja kacchano 'battI'nAmano pradeza e bannI' kema kahevAya e zabdanI utpatti ane eno artha samajAvyo. sAthe kacchamAM sidhu, narmadA, macchu vagere nadInAM pANI nahero dvArA kai rIte lAvI zakAya e paNa samajAvela. A kAma kacchanA cUMTAyelA pratinidhio nakkI karI na zake to sAmAjika saMsthAoe A kArya karavA mATe AgaLa AvavuM joie, to ja kacchanI kAyApalaTa thaze te bhArapUrvaka jaNAvela. porabaMdaranA AdaraNIya murabbI sva. zrI maNibhAi vorAnI hayAtIthI ja A saMsthAne jemanI hUMpha maLI che, evA "porabaMdara saMzodhana maMDaLa"nA juvAna kAryakara zrI DAhyAbhAi 'zilpI'A-kAryakramanI saphaLatA icchato "porabaMdara saMzodhana maMDaLa"no saMdezo lAvyA hatA. sAthe itihAsapremI zrI vAsudevabhAI maNibhAi vorAe "ka itihAsa pariSada dvArA dara adhivezana TAMkaNe itihAsa ane purAtattva mATe-nibaMdha lakhAya ane enA mATe "sva.maNibhAI vorA" caMdraka apAto rahe te mATe rU.1500-mokalAvela, te A saMsthAnAM khajAnacI zrI harSadabhAi buddhabhaTTIe svIkAryA ane jaNAvela ke "porabaMdara saMzodhana maMDaLa" ane "sva. maNibhAi vorA"parivArane kacchanI A pariSada pratye keTalI aMtaranI lAgaNI che tenI pratIti saune karAvela che. A badala AbhAranI lAgaNI vyakta karI hatI. tA. 20,12,97-bIjuM satra : bapore 3 thI 6 baporanA samayamAM "kacchanI zakitapITho" "bhUjanAM aitihAsika zivamaMdiro" tathA "kacchanAM jaina maMdiro" aMge Avela-nibaMdho paikI prathama kakSAnA caMdrakanibaMdhonuM vAcana thayuM hatuM ane rIpya caMdrako zrIaMbikA dhUnabhakti maMDaLano * meghachAyA, bilDiMga, gosvAmI coka-bhIDa, bhUja (kaccha)-370 01 "pathika' mArca, 1998 + 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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caMdraka, "zrI jAdavarAya dhoLakiyA smRti caMdraka", sva.harajI gAMgajI vorA-rIpyacaMdraka zrI azokabhAi vorA taraphathI jAhera thayA hatA. A ja samaye-upasthita itihAsapremIo-sabhya pratinidhionAM pravacano sAthe 5 thI 6 prArthanA-darzanano lAbha levAyo hato. tyAra bAda sAmAnya sabhAmAM jarUrI TharAvo, sUcano grAhya rahyAM hatAM. bAda saue zrI umiyA bhavAnIjI tathA rAmacaMdrajI maMdironI sAya- AratIno lAbha lIdho hato, kaccha itihAsa paripada lokAbhimukha banavA "jJAnasatramAM aitihAsika kAvyapaThana ane "adhivezana"mAM ArAya- saMtavANIne paNa zirasto apanAvyo che, e rIte rAtre - 9 thI 11nA gALAmAM "ThAkarathALI" yojAi hatI, jemAM A dharmasaMsthAnA agraNI kAryakara tathA kacchanA khyAtanAma kalAkAra zrI bacubhAi bhagata, bhUjanA zrI prANalAla dakkara, mirajhApara maMDaLanA zrI gaNAtrAno bhAizrI zyAmagarabhAi, gAMdhIdhAmanA zrI amRtalAla bAroTa. je rAvaNahathA kalAkAra che ane bhUjanA lokasAhityakAra zrI velajIbhAi bAroTa paNa joDAyA hatA ane potapotAnI zaktionI rasalahANuM pIrasI hatI, yakSa sAMyarAnA vRddha kalAkAra zrI mIrabhAie kacchI rAga-rAgaNIonI saMtavANI dvArA pichAna karAvI hatI ane AzA-AzAvarInAM bhajano karImAM raju karyA hatAM. dvitIya divasa tA, 21-12-97, ravivAre prathamasatra-samApanasabhA prabhAte vahelA UThI, prathama prabhAtiyAM-gAnano kAryakrama rahyo hato, jemAM pramukha zrI prANagiri gosvAmI, zrI biharIbhAi ajANI zrI zyAmagarabhAi, zrI prANalAlabhAi Thakkara vageree nRsiha mahetAnA prabhAtiyAM rajU karyA hatAM, jene zrI amRtalAla borATe potAnA vAdya para saMgata ApI hatI, spardhA nibaMdhonA nirNAyaka tarIke zrI bApAlAlabhAi jADejA temaja zrI harIzabhAI sonIe potAnI amulya sevAo ApI hatI, AjanA A satranA adhyakSa tarIke-bhUjanA jANItA eNDavokeTa zrI ratnAkarabhAI dhoLakiyA hAjara hatA tathA "bhUja TAimsa" patranA taMtrIzrI vinodabhAi gAlA atithivizeSa tarIke hAjara rahyA hatA, samApana samAraMbhanA adhyakSazrI rasAkarabhAI dhoLakiyAe - vijetAonuM saMmAna karatAM kaccha ItihAsa pariSadanI pravRttionI prazaMsA karI zubhecchAo ApI hatI ane kahyuM hatuM ke kacchanAM juvAnone "kaccha ItihAsa pariSada dvArA suMdara jJAna maLe che e AjanA kALamAM khUba ja jarUrI che. pariSada'ne dara adhivezane kacchanA aitihAsika nibaMdha mATe potAnA itihAsa premapitA zrI jAdavarAyabhAinI smRtimAM eka rIpya caMdraka paNa enAyata karavA jAherAta karI hatI. kacchanA itihAsa aMge mananIya pravacana ApI pariSadanI pravRttione sahayoga ApavA khAtrI ApI hatI. bhuja TAimsa'nA taMtrI zrI vinodabhAi gAlAe atithivizeSapadethI bolatAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke saMsthA dareka prakAre sahayoga ApavAnI AthI khAtrI ApuM chuM, ane potAnAM rava. pitA zrIzivajIbhAI gAlAnA smaraNArthe-saMsthAnAM jJAnasatro'prasaMge-je zALA mahAzALAonA vidyArthIo ke zikSaka-prAdhyApako-karachanA itihAsa para sAruM vaktavya Apaze e zALA ke mahAzALAne-roliMga zilDa ApavAnI jAherAta karI hatI, A caturtha adhivezanaTAMkaNe navA AjIvana sabhyonI nodhaNI karavAnI sAthe baMne divasoe upasthita rahela, sau itihAsapremIoe saMrathAne judI judI rIte anudAna ApavAnI paNa jAherAto karI hatI. A banne divasonA adhivezanakAryane saphaLa banAvavA pariSadanA traNe maMtrIzrIo, kozAdhyakSa zrIrSadabhAi buddhabhaTTI, zrI zAMtilAlabhAi paramAra, zrI yugazakti maMDaLa-suragakhaparanA zrIyogezabhAI gaNAtrA zrI hitezabhAi Thakkara vageree jahemata uThAvI hatI. "jIvana saMdhyA" vRddhAzrama Azrama (koTaDA-rohA) nA movaDI zrI harajIvanabhAI popaTa, zrImatI maMgalAbahena jeThI, ku. UrmilAbena Thakkara, sAmAjika kAryakara zrImatI kaMkubahena Thakkara, zrI azvinabhAi pomala, zrItejasa paTTaNI (patrakAra), zrI yogezabhAi paMDyA (AkAzavANI)tathA AzramanAM jiMdAdila kAryakaro upasthita rahyA hatA. 'pathika-mArca, 1998 - 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ratnamaNirAva joTe : ane temanuM itihAsa lekhanamAM pradAna pro. aruNa vAghelA manuSya cAlato rahe che, cAlato rahe che. cAlatAM pharatAM bhaTakatAM tenA paga nIce na jANe keTakeTalI saMgharSautkarSa mahenata ane mahattvAkAMkSAonI vAto dabAyelI paDI che. eka bIjo mANasa A ja padacihnonI dhULa sUMdhato e ja rastA para cAle che, saphaLatA-niSphaLatAonI keTalIya vAto ene paNa vikherAyelI hAlatamAM maLe che ane te e badhAne saMyoje che, nIra-kSIranA viveka dvArA ene toLavAnI kozIza kare che ane emAMthI nIkaLatuM satya duniyA sAme rajU kare che, jene duniyA itihAsakAra kahe che. itihAsakAra lAla bahAduranA uparyukata zabdo koi paNa itihAsakAra mATe eka AdarzarUpa banavA joie. tene kendramAM rAkhI gujarAtanA itihAsamAM vipula pramANamAM saMzodhana ane lekhana karanAra ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTenuM prastRta lekhamAM mUlyAMkana karavAno prayatna che. Ara. bI. jorTanAM TUMkA nAme jANItA banelA ratnarmANarAva bhImarAva joTe gujarAtanAM itihAsa vize lakhanArA gujarAtI itihAsakAronA agresara che. vinayananA snAtaka sudhIno ja abhyAsa hovA chatAM gujarAtanA itihAsamAM vipula kahI zakAya tevuM saMzodhana tema lekhana karyu che. emanA itihAsaviSayaka graMthomAM (1) gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda (1928), (2) khaMbhAtano itihAsa (1935) (3) gujarAtanAM sAMskRtika itihAsa bhAga 1-2-3-4 uparAMta temanI 'somanAtha' (1949) ane 'jetalapura' (1931) jevI pustikAo paNa aitihAsika mAhitI mATe upayogI che. pustakalekhananI sAthe sAthe 'prasthAna' 'buddhiprakAza' 'navacetana' ane 'vasaMta' jevAM sAmayikomAM itihAsa para saMzodhanalekho lakhyA hatA. Ara. bI. joTenuM itihAsa-lekhana : gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda (1928) 51 prakaraNomAM vaheMcAyeluM temanuM A pustaka amadAvAdanI sthApanA(1411)thI laI mughala samayanuM amadAvAda, marAThA samayanuM amadAvAda, amadAvAdanI TaMkazALa ane sikkA, amadAvAdanA bagIcAo. sthApatya ane enI vizeSatAo, nagararacanAM vagereno itihAsa Alekhe che, taduparAMta prastRta graMthamAM amadAvAdano vepAra-udyoga, mahAjano, jovAlAyaka sthaLo, amadAvAdanA muslima saMto, aitihAsika puruSo, mukhya vepArIo, bhakto, sudhArako, lekhako vagerenI vistRta ane rasaprada mAhitI Ape che. A graMthamAM amadAvAdanI sthApanAnA varSa aMge tathA tenI sthApanA aMge je daMtakathAo prarvate che tenI spaSTatAmAM teo jaNAve che ke ''muslima tavArIkho je e vakhatanAM pramANamAM tArIkho ApavAmAM sauthI cokkasa che temaNe paNa sAlavArI ApavAmAM bhUlo karI che. mirAte-sikaMdarI, mirAte-ehamadI ane tabakAta- akabarIne dhyAnamAM rAkhI I.sa. 1411nI sAlane amadAvAdanuM sthApanAvarSa gaNe che amadAvAdanI sthApanA karavA pAchaLa rahelI daMtakathAone dUra karI (kUtarA-sasalAnI vArtA, AzA bhIlanI putrI tejAM ane ahamadAbAdanA bAdazAhanI premakathA) amadAvAdamAM rahelI havA-pANInI suvidhAne kAraNe ahamadazAhe amadAvAdanI thApanA karI hovAnuM puravAra kare che. e ja rIte amadAvAdanAM vividha sthAno vize prarvatIte daMtakathAonuM paNa potAnI aitihAsika dRSTithI khaMDana karyuM che. dA. ta. mANekacoka ane mANekanatha bAvAnI daMtakathA, sAbaramatInA pravAhane ahamadazAhe badalAvI lAvyA hovAnI daMtakathA vagere. A ja pustakamAM mirAte-ehamadI, mirAte-sikaMdarI, abulaphajhala uparAMta bArbosA, sara Tomasa ro, viliyama phIca, viliMgTana, eDavarDa TerI, thevonoTa jevA videzI musApharonI amadAvAda vizenI noMdho * pro. aruNa vAghelA, zeTha pI.TI. ArTsa eNnDa sAyansa kaoNleja, godharA 'pathika'-mArca, 1998 * 12 For Private and Personal Use Only

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samakAlIna graMthone AdhAre ApI che. (prakaraNa 12) amadAvAdanAM muslima sthApatya nAmanA prakaraNamAM amadAvAda ane dilhInI jummA masjidonI suMdara tulanA karatAM jaNAve che ke "dilhInI jummA masjida ApaNane sArA kaMpaDA paherelI paradezI strI jevI lAge che, jyAre amadAvAdanI jummA masjida suMdara hiMdI strI jevI lAge che." (pR.578) A uparAMta prastuta graMthamAM adamadazAhanI moDAsA, khAnadeza, mALavA, cAMpAnera, iDara, bahamanInI laDAIo, teno rAjyavahIvaTa, nyAyapaddhati uparAMta temanA samayanA saMta puruSonI vigato ApavAmAM AvI che. amadAvAda vize ATaluM vistRta ane chaNAvaTapUrvaka lakhanArAomAM rA. maganalAla vakhatacaMda pachI teo bIjA itihAsakAra che. amadAvAdanAM sthaLo vize saMzodhana karanArAo mATe A graMtha AdhArarUpa banI zake tema che. khaMbhAtano itihAsa(1935) A graMtha khaMbhAtanA nAmadAra navAbasAheba bahAdura (dilAvarajaMga navAba mirjhA husaiMyAvarakhAna bahAdura)nA hukamathI lakhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 18 prakaraNo ane sAta pariziSTomAM vaheMcAyeluM A pustaka khaMbhAtano paurANika samayathI svataMtra saMsthAna tarIkeno kaI rIte vikAsa thayo tenI silasilAbaMdha vigato Ape che, uparAMta khaMbhAtano baMdara tarIkeno vikAsa, tenI paDatI, muphatAbIrakhAna(momInakhAna bIjA)nA samayamAM khaMbhAta, khaMbhAtano vepAra ane vahANavaTuM, dhaMdhArojagAra (akIka udyoga) ane jovA lAyaka sthaLonI upayogI mAhitI ApI che. A ja graMthamAM khaMbhAtanAM prAcIna nAmomAM khaMbhAyata, staMbhatIrtha, traMbAvatI, tAmralipta, mahinagara, bhogavatI, pApavatI, karNAvatImAMnAM ghaNAM nAmo itihAsakAronA bhramathI lakhAyelAM hovAnuM sAbita kare che. prAcIna bhAratamAM itihAsalekhananAM sAdhano nahivat che evA dAvAne paDakAratAM teo A graMthamAM prAcIna bhAratamAM itihAsanAM sAdhano evAM purANo vize jaNAve che ke "paurANika kathAo e gapagoLA nathI. e paraMparAgata kathAomAMthI bAhmaNoe aMgata lAbhane mATe dAkhala karelAM mAhAtmyo ane camatkArika varNanone tAravI aitihAsika satyone bahAra lAvavAM joie." (prakaraNa-12 pAja 24) khaMbhAtanuM aitihAsika mahattva samajAvatAM jaNAve che ke "khaMbhAta rAjya nAnuM che, paraMtu enuM mahattva aitihAsika dRSTie ghaNuM che. ghaNAM prAcIna kALamAM dhArmika ane sAmAjika pravRttionA kendra tarIke khaMbhAte agatyano bhAga bajavelo e vivAdAspada bAbatane eka bAju mUkIe topaNa Arthika pravRttinI dRSTie hiMdustAnanA eka vakhatanA moTA baMdara tarIke enuM sthAna AkhA hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsamAM moTuM che." AgaLa jaNAve che ke ''aitihAsika mahattva haMmezA kada ke dhanasaMpatti uparathI mapAtuM nathI, paraMtu deza kAla ane saMjogonI paristhitinI sarakhAmaNI uparathI mapAya che. e rIte prAcIna kALathI Aja sudhIno khaMbhAtano itihAsa rasamaya ane mahattvapUrNa che. Ara. bI. joTee prastRta graMthamAM AdhAro tarIke navAbanA dastAvejo uparAMta anya samakAlIna sAdhanono upayoga karyo hovA chatAM navAbanA Azraye A pustaka lakhAyuM hovAthI atizayoktinI saMbhAvanA kharI ! gujarAtano sAMskRtika itihAsa :- islAmayuga khaMDa 1-2-3-4 : khaMDa-1 (1945) Ara. bI. joTenuM A pustaka kula 41 prakaraNomAM vaheMcAyeluM che. uparAMta gujarAtanAM vahANavaTAne lagatuM eka uttama pariziSTa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. khaMDa-1 mAM prAgaitihAsika samayathI mauryasamayanuM gujarAta, zaka-kSatrapo- valabhInuM rAjya, solaMkI-vAghelAyuganuM gujarAta, eno samAveza thAya che. uparAMta A khaMDamAM gujarAtanAM muslima samaya pahelAMnAM bAMdhakAmone lagatuM eka svataMtra prakaraNa ApeluM che. prAcIna bhAratanA itihAsalekhananAM sAdhanonI uttama chaNAvaTa karavAmAM AvI che. gujarAtanA prAcIna avazeSo je rIte nAza pAmI rahyA che te aMge jaNAve che ke "aneka nAnAM-nAnAM dezI rAjyomAM vaheMcAi javAnI gujarAtanI kamanasIbIne lIdhe ghaNA avazeSo nAza pAmyA che ane vecAi gayA che. e ja kAraNathI 'pathika'-mArca, 1998 * 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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eno saMgraha karavAnuM muzkela thai paDyu che(khaMDa1.2 peja-123). khaMDa-2 :- AmAM sulatAna ahamadazAhathI lai mahamUda begaDAnA samaya sudhInA sAMskRtika banAvone AvarI letI vigatono samAveza thAya che A graMthanI prastAvanAmAM Ara.bI.joTe bhAratIya itihAsalekhanapaddhati vize jJAve che ke 'AjanA itihAsavijJAnanA siddhAnto pramANe rAjAo ane lazkaranI doDAdoDa ane vijayonuM varNana ke tArIkho e sAMskRtika itihAsa nathI, paraMtu ApaNAM dezanI itihAsa-sAmagrI, ApaNA, sAmAjika baMdhAraNanA viziSTa, saMjogo ane ApaNA prAcIna sAhityanI itihAsane noMdhavAnI viziSTa paNa vicitra rIta, ApaNA sAhityanI mAnasika bhUmikA vagerene dhyAnamAM letAM ApaNA dezamAM itihAsalekhana bIjA dezo karatAM kaMika bhinna pAresthiti utpanna kare che. A khaMDamAM sulatAna amadazAhanA samayanuM gujarAta, tenI laDAio ane dhArmika sahiSNutAnuM pRththakkaraNa kareluM che. A pustakamAM amadazAhe hiMduone vaTalAvyA hatA, emanI putrIone janAnakhAnAmAM bavabarIthI dAkhala karI hatI te pracalita vAtonuM khaMDana karI jaNAve che ke "hindu kanyAo sAthenAM ahamadazAhanAM lagnone julma na gaNI zakAya, ene badale je prajA upara vijetAne rAjya karavuM che. temanI sAthe lohIno saMbaMdha baMdhAya to rAjanItinuM eka sAruM pagaluM gaNavuM joie ''ema jaNAvI purAvA tarIke akabaranAM hiMdu strIo sAthenAM lagnonAM udAharaNa TAMke che. A khaMDanAM ullekhanIya prakaraNomAMnuM eka muslima samayanuM sthApatya paNa che, jemAM hiMdu-muslima saMskRtionAM maulika bheda,dhArmika sthAnono taphAvata, minArA ane masjidanI bAMdhaNIne lagatI vigatapUrNa carcA karI che. A bhAga gujarAtanI muslima saltanatanA suvarNayuga tarIke oLakhAve che gujarAtanI saltanatanA itihAsamAM sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnuM vivAdAspada vyaktitva che. tenI rAjyaprApti, tenAM vijayo, prajAkIya AbAdI, tenA zokha, tenA vizenI prarvatatI daMtakathAo vagerenI rasaprada chatAM aitihAsika mAhitI ApI che. uparAMta cAMpAneranI kAmacalAu rAjadhAnI tarIkenI pasaMdagI, pAvAgaDhanuM aitihAsikaane dhArmika mahattva, pAvAgaDhanuM patane, pAvAgaDhanA patAi-rAvaLa vize pracalita daMtakathAonuM khaMDana karIne tenI aitihAsikatA puravAra karI che. I.sa. 1957 mAM lakhAyeluM temanuM 'gujarAtano sAMskRtika itihAsa khaMDa-3' pustakamAM sulatAna mujhaphpharazAha bIjAnA samayathI laI sulatAna bahAdura tathA sulatAna mahamUda bIjA sudhInA samayanI sAskRtika ane rAjakIya bAbatonuM varNana karyuM che. sulatAna mujhaphpharazAha bIjAnA samayane gujarAtanA muslima zAsanakALanA sAMskRtika itihAsa tarIke oLakhAvyo che. khaMDa-4 : pustaka Ara. bI. jAMTenA mRtyu pachI prakAzita thayuM hatuM. cothA khaMDamAM gujarAta mujhaphpharazAha trIjAthI lai gujarAtamAM muslima saltanatanA patana sudhIno itihAsa Alekhyo che. pariziSTamAM 'gujarAtanuM vahANavaTuM' nAmanuM uttama pariziSTa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. kula pAMca prakaraNomAM vaheMcAyelA A cothA khaMDamAM itihAsakAra jorTae gujarAtanI saltanatanA patananAM kAraNo, porTugIjhanI gujarAtanA rAjakAraNamAM dakhalagIrI, sulatAna mujhaphphara trIjAnA parAjayo, akabaranI gujarAta paranI caDAio ane gujarAtanI saltanatano aMta vagerenuM talasparzI parikSaNa kareluM che. "gujarAtanuM vahANavaTuM" pariziSTamAM gujarAtanI pravRttio sarvathI vizeSa ane vividhatAvALI prAcIna kALathI che e bAbatane siddha karI che. A ja pustakamAM Ara. ke. mukharajInA "prAcIna hiMdanuM vahANavaTuM" pustakanI prazaMsA karI che, paraMtu sAthe sAthe jaNAvyuM che ke "A graMtha uttama hovA chatAM A pustakamAM prAcIna gujarAta ke je vahANavaTAnI pravRttimAM sarvathI AgaLa hatu ane anyAya thayo che." Ara. ke. mukharajInA pustakamAM gujarAtanA vahANavaTAnI prAcInatAnI upekSA karAi, tenI Ara. bI. jorTae AdhArabhUta sAdhano ane potAnI maulika dalIlo 'pathika'-mArca, 1998 * 14 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #18
dvArA TIkA karI che. chatAM A TIkAmAM kyAMya temanI pradezavAdI itihAsakAra tarIkenI chApa UThatI nathI. gujarAtanA vahANavaTAnI prAcInatA puravAra karatAM teo jaNAve che ke "prAcIna gujarAtanA itihAsano je abhyAsa kare che, eziyAmAM hiMdustAnanI ane hiMdustAnamAM gujarAtanI bhaugolika sthitino je vicAra kare che ane hAlanA gujarAtane e najare jue che, tene to ApoApa khyAla Ave che ke gujarAta prAcIna kALathI dariyAI vepAra mATe mazahUra che, kAraNa ke gujarAtanuM koi paNa sthaLa dariyAkAMThAthI 100 mAilathI vadhAre dUra nathI (pA.1044) hayuiTa, zrIgjha, TolemI, mirAte- ehamadI, vividha pradezanAM gejheTiyaro, dezI jainasAhitya, kAvyo, nATako vagereno AdhAra lai gujarAtanA vahANavaTAnI prAcInatA puravAra karI che. itihAsakAranuM eka kArya gai kAlano AvatI kAla mATe zo saMdeza che zI upayogitA che, zI prAMsagikatA che ane potAnI rIte jANavAno ane loko sudhI tene pahoMcato karavAnuM kArya che e anusAra Ara. bI. jorTanA gujarAtanA vahANavaTAno vikAsa, baMdaronI Avaka, baMdara parano vepAra, vahANa- udyoga, vahANone lagatA pAribhASika zabdonI carcA to karelI ja che, uparAMta gujarAtanA vahANavaTAnA bhaviSyanA vikAsa mATe uttama ane upayogI sUcano karyA che. uparyukta graMthonI sAthe Ara. bI. joTenA 'somanAtha' (1949) ane 'jetalapura ' (1931) jevAM itihAsaviSayaka pustaka paNa che; joke temAM anya pustakonI sarakhAmaNImAM aitihAsika mAhitI alpa ane UtaratI jaNAya che. sAmayikonA lekho : Ara.bI. jorTae potAnAM uparyukta itihAsane lagatAM pustako uparAMta sAmAyikomAM paNa saMzodhanalekho lakhyA hatA. A saMzodhanalekhomAM graMthonI apekSAe AdhArabhUtatA vadhu jaNAya che. dA. ta. 'prasthAna' mAM 'khovAyelI nadI' zIrSaka heThaLa sarasvatI nadInA pravAhanAM rUpAMtarono saMzodhanAtmaka ane aitihAsika paricaya Apyo che. 'kumAra' (1951) 'vAvanuM sthApatya' zIrSaka nIce gujarAtanA vAvasthApatyanI vizeSatAo para rozanI pheMkI che. A uparAMta 'sIdI saiyadanI jALI ' ane 'gujarAtanuM muslima sthApatya' vagere temanA ullekhanIya saMzodhanalekho che. A sarvemAM 'suratamAM aMgrejI koThI ' (kumAra-1934) alaga saMzodhanalekha kahI zakAya tevo che. itihAsakAra tarIke mUlyAMkana : Ara. bI. joTee itihAtaviSayaka graMtho ane sAmayikomAMnA saMzodhana lekho dvArA gujarAtanA itihAsalekhanamAM potAnuM AgavuM pradAna ApyuM che. gujarAtanA itihAsa vize lakhanArA du. ke. zAstrI, ema. esa. komi soriyaTa sAthe Ara. bI. jorTane paNa ullekhanIya gaNI zakAya. potAnA itihAsalekhanamAM samakAlIna ane AdhArabhUta sAdhanonI sAthe prAcIna saMskRta ane gujarAtI sAhityano upayoga karyo hovA chatAM bahu oche koika ThekANe tenI aitihAsikatA jokhamAI che. itihAsakAranuM eka kartavya potAnI anugAmI peDhIne preraNA ApavAnuM paNa che, e anusAra "khaMbhAtane itihAsa"nI prastAvanAmAM jaNAve che ke "ApaNA prAcIna itihAsanA bhoMyarAmAM pahelAMnA dIvaDAe jhAMkhI joyelI keTalIka vastuo khoTI ane keTalIka kharI che, eTale jUnI mAnyatAo eka vAra dUra karI navesarathI AkhuM bhoMyaruM tapAsavAnI jarUra che." A dvArA saMsodhako e itihAsakArone itihAsanA punarlekhana mATe prerita kare che. potAnA lekhananAM prAcIna saMskRta graMthono AdhAra lIdho che tyAre tenI AdhArabhUtatA puravAra karatAM lakhe che ke "vedomAM itihAsa samULago nathI ema na kahevAya, jeTalA aitihAsika AdhAro vedomAM che emAM tenI prAcInatAne kAraNe ane e vakhatanI paraMparA lupta thavAthI vivecakoe enAM tarehavAra nivedana karyAM che, tethI tene keTaluM vajana ApavuM te prazna che.' A zabdo dvArA prAcIna sAhityanA itihAsalekhanamAM kevI rIte upayoga karavo tenuM dizA-sUcana karyu che. prAcIna sAhityanA AdhAra para ja temaNe gujarAta prAcIna che e vAtane puravAra karI 'pathika'-mArca, 1998 * 15 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #19
batAvI che. (khaMbhAtano itihAsa pA.-20) koi paNa itihAsakAranuM itihAsalekhana maryAdA vagaranuM hoi zake kharuM? Ara. bI. koTenA graMthamAM daMtakathAo ane rahasyakathAonA puSkaLa ullekho maLe che, tyAre ghaNAM kissAomAM tenI aMtihAsikatA puravAra thaI zakatI nathI, dA.ta. "gujarAtano sAMskRtika itihAsa khaMDa-2mAM pAvAgaDha nAmAbhidhaAnanI vizada carcA chatAM temAM saMbhavitatAnI tulanAe cokkasatA khUba ochI jovA maLe che. e ja rIte A ja graMthamAM gujarAtanI prajAnI koI paNa rAjaya vaMzanA patanamAM nyAya ane nItithI thatI bhraSTatA sAme aMgulinirdeza karyA che (pR.-pa79) to pAvAgaDhanA patana mATe prayojAyelA garabAmAM aitihAsika saMzodhananI jarUriyAta jue che pR.-638) ramA baMne bAbatomAM virodhAbhAsa spaSTa dekhAya che. uparyukta keTalIka maryAdAo hovA chatAM temanI itihAsakAra tarIkenI moTI khAsiyata e che ke temanI koI paNa ghaTanAnA AlekhanamAM eka ja dastAveja ke AdhArano upayoga thayo hoya tevA bahu ochA saMjogo jovA maLe che ane enAthI agAunA itihAsamAM rahelI azuddhione paNa emaNe dUra karavAno prayatna karyo che. chelle, emanA graMtho gujarAtImAM lakhAyA hovA chatAM tenuM mahattva anyonI tulanAmAM ochuM nathI. saMdarbha graMtho (1) joTe Ara. bI., 'gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda (2) joTe Ara. bI., khaMbhAtano itihAsa (3) jeTe Ara, bAM, gujarAtano sAMskRtika itihAsa (islAma yuga) (4) joTe Are, bI."somanAtha' vRttapatranA kAyadA pramANe pathika' mAsika saMbaMdhI hakIkata (phorma-4 niyama 8 pramANe) (1) prakAzana sthaLa : bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-38809 (2) prakAzakanI mudata : mAsika (3) mudraka-prakAzaka-taMtrInuM nAma : pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa rASTriyatA bhAratIya che? : hA saranAmuM : bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda 380008 (4) vRtapatranA mAliko sva. mAnasaMgajI, bAraDa smAraka TrasTa, madhuvana, elisabrija, amadAvAda-380OOK huM, subhASa brahmabhaTTa, jaNAvuM chuM ke upara jaNAvelI vigato mArA jANavA tathA samajavA pramANe sAcI che. tA. 1-3-98 - subhASa brahmabhaTTa pathika'-mArca, 1998 . 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #20
mArca '98 Reg. No. GAMC-19 bAjalIdAma ane uttama kAma, minalalAuM.samRdhibharyavAna. ( kudaratI khAtara che 1 ki.grA. poliyesTara pAhaya pekamAM * 5 ane pa0 ki.grA. eca.DI.pI.I. betramAM ZYME SUPER PLANT GROWTH PROMOTERS KENTRIES viziSTa yuriyA koTiMga pAvaDara, nukazAnarahita, jaMtu-pratirodhaka, harbala ane bAyoDIgreDebala che. vanaspati vRddhivardhaka 100, 200, 500 mI.lI. 1 lITara ane 5 lITaranA pekamAM 500 grAma ane 1 .grA. poliyesTara pAusa pekamAM tIvra jhADirekTIva (harbala proDakTasa) pravAhI ane dANAdAra 100, 500 mI.lI., 1 lITara ane 5 lITaranA paMmAM kI vadhu jANakArI mATe MIR " eminala mauta enDaegro InDaTarIjha ( mo mALa, pezvara hAusa, Azrama roDa, amadhavAda-9ona : dAnapeba, 403322 448094 phaNa: 9426723 For Private and Personal Use Only