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________________ Paryushana and Kalpa Sutra Pravin K. Shah Jaina Education Committee Jain Study Center of North Carolina 509 Carriage Woods Circle Raleigh, NC 27607-3969 Website: e-mail: jainaedu@gmail.com
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________________ Paryushana word is composed of Pari (Upasarga) + Vas (Dhatu) is joined with Ana (Pratyaya) To come together from all direction * * Parva * Religious / Spiritual activity celebrated together Simple meaning People coming together for religious activity Religious Direct all your thoughts from external object inward to reflect upon your qualities of the soul Paryushana Parva * *
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________________ Various names of Paryushana * Pariyay-vatthna, * Pajjo-samana * Pagaiya * Parivasna * Pajjusana * Vasavas * Padhm-samosaran * Thavana * Jatthoggaha
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________________ Five Activities of Paryushana 1. Jiv-daya (Amari pravartan) 2. Humanitarian Activity (Sadharmik Vatslya) 3. Forgiveness (Kshamapana) 4. Penance - Fasting for three days (Aththama tap) Shold be pure and pious (no Shalya - Maya, Niyanu, and Mithyatva) 5. Spreading of Religious principles (Chaityapati)
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________________ Meaning of Kalpa-Sutra Kalpa means an activity which enhances * Religious knowledge (Jnan) * Conduct (Charitra, Shila) * Self control (Penance or Tap) Sutra means a Scripture Kalpa-sutra is a scripture which describes; how to enhance our Jnan, Charitra, and Tap
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________________ Kalpa-Sutra Status in Agam Literature Kalpa-sutra * Kalpa-sutra is the ninth chapter of a religious scripture called Dashasrut-skandh * Dashasrut-skandh is one of the book of Chheda-sutras * Chheda-sutras are classified as Ang-bahya Agam sutras Author - Acharya Bhadrabahu-swami * Last Acharya who had the knowledge of 14 purvas Its basis - Ninth Purva - Pratyakhan-pravad
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________________ Kalpa-Sutra... First Reading #First Reading * Jain monks recited in Anandpur in the courtyard of king Dhruvasen * To comfort the king for the sudden demise of his son #Time period * There are three king Dhruvasen 519 to 549 AD 627 to 642 AD 650 to 654 AD
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________________ Topics Life Stories of Tirthankaras * Mahavir-swami * Parshva-natha * Nemi-natha * Rhushabha-dev * Time Period and breied history of 24 Tirthankars Life Stories of Acharyas (Sthaviravali) * Ganadhara-charitra * Jambu-swami * Bhadrabahu-swami * Sthulibhadra ...................... To .......... ........ ...... Devardhigani *
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________________ Topics.. Rules for Monks (Samachari) * Rules of staying during monsoon (Varshavas-kalpa) * Rules of begging (Bhikshachar-kalpa) * Rules for removal of hair (Keshlocha kalpa) * Forgiveness (Kshamapana)
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________________ Characteristics of Monks First Tirthankar * Understanding - Difficult (Jad) * Implementation - Simple (Rhuju) 22 Tirthankaras (2nd to 23rd) * Understanding - Proper (Prajna) * Implementation - Proper (Rhuju) Last Tirthankar * Understanding - Difficult (Jad) * Implementation - Selfish (Vakra)
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________________ Kalpa-Sutra Reading First Three Days (Shravan vad 12 to 14) Preparatory Days * Explanation of six Ashtahnikas Parva * Duties of Laypeople (Shravak) * Twelve vows of Laypeople 4th Day (Shravan vad 15 - Amas) Kalpa-sutra Reading Begins Mahavir's descend, Devanandi Brahmin's 14 dreams (Morning session) 27 past lives, Transfer of fetus to Trishala (Afternoon session
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________________ Kalpa-Sutra Reading (continued) 5th Day (Bhadarva shud 1) Trishala's 14 dreams (Morning) Birth of Lord Mahavir (Afternoon) 6th Day (Bhadarva shud 2) Birth celebration, Childhood, Education, Marriage, Renunciation - Diksha (Morning) Various Upasargas, Keval Jnan, and Gadharavad (Afternoon) 7th Day (Bhadarva shud 3) Life stories of remaining 23 Tirthankaras (Morning) Sthaviravali, Life stories of Acharyas, Samachari (Afternoon) 8th Day (Bhadarva shud 4) Recitation of Original text - 1200 sutras (Morning) Samvatsari Pratikraman (Evening)