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________________ 25 pannA samikkhae dhamma dharma zabda jitanA adhika vyApaka stara para pracalita hai aura usakA upayoga kiyA jA rahA hai, utanI hI usakI sUkSmattara vivecanA nahIM kI jA rahI hai| isa dizA meM ucita prayatna jo apekSita haiM, ve nahIM ke barAbara hai| aura jo kucha haiM bhI, ve mAnava cetanA ko kabhIkabhI dhuMdhalake meM DAla dete haiN| dharma kyA hai ? isakA pattA hama prAyaH vibhinna mata-paMthoM, unake pracAraka guruoM evaM tattat zAstroM se lagAte haiN| aura, Apa jAnate haiM, mata-paMthoM kI rAha eka nahIM hai| aneka prakAra ke eka-dUsare ke sarvathA viruddha kriyA kANDoM ke niyamopaniyamoM meM ulajhe hue haiM, ye saba / isa sthiti meM kise ThIka mAnA jAe, aura kise galata? dharma guruoM evaM zAstroM kI AvAjeM bhI alaga-alaga hai| eka guru kucha kahatA hai, to dUsarA guru kucha aura hI kaha tra, jisakA vidhAna karatA hai, dUsarA zAstra usakA niSedha kara detA hai| isa sthiti meM vidhi-niSedha ke vicina cakravAta meM mAnava-mastiSka apanA hoza kho baiThatA hai| vaha nirNaya kare, to kyA kare ? yaha sthiti Aja kI hI nahIM, kAphI purAtana kAla se calI A rahI hai| mahAbhAratakAra kahatA hai--zruti arthAt veda bhinna-bhinna hai| smRtiyoM kI bhI dhvani eka nahIM hai| koI eka muni bhI aisA nahIM hai, jise pramANa rUpa meM saba loga mAnyatA de skeN| dharma kA tattva eka taraha se aMdherI guphA meM chipa gayA hai-- "zrutivibhinnA - smRtyauvibhinnAH, naikomuniryasya vacaH pramANam / dharmasya tatvaM nihitaM guhAyAm / vizva jagat meM yatra-tana aneka upadrava, virodha, saMgharSa, yahA~ taka ki nara-saMhAra bhI pratIta ke itihAsa meM dekhate haiM / Aja bhI insAna kA khUna bedardI se bahAyA jA rahA hai / ataH dharma-tattva kI samasyA kA samAdhAna kahA~ hai, isa para kucha-na-kucha cintana karanA Avazyaka hai| mAnava, dharatI para ke prANiyoM meM sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai| usase bar3hakara anya kona zreSThatara prANI hai ? spaSTa hai, koI nahIM hai| cintana-manana karake yathocita nirNaya para pahu~cane ke lie usake pAsa jaisA mana-mastiSka hai, vaisA dharatI para ke kisI anya prANI ke pAsa nahIM hai| mAnava apanI vikAsa-yAtrA meM kitanI dUra taka aura U~cAiyoM taka pahu~ca gayA hai, yaha Aja sabake sAmane pratyakSa hai| koI svapna yA kahAnI nahIM hai| Aja mAnava Upara candraloka para vicaraNa kara rahA hai aura nIce mahAsAgaroM ke tala ko cha rahA hai| ekaeka paramANu kI khoja jArI hai| yaha saba kisI zAstra yA guru ke AdhAra para nahIM huA hai| isakA mUla manuSya ke mana kI cintana-yAtrA meM hI hai| ataH dharma-tattva kI khoja bhI idharaudhara se haTa kara mAnava-mastiSka ke apane mukta cintana para hI A khar3I hotI hai| yaha maiM naI bAta nahIM kaha rahA huuN| Aja se ar3hAI hajAra varSa se bhI kahIM adhika pahale zrAvastI kI mahattI sabhA meM do mahAn jJAnI muniyoM kA eka mahattvapUrNa saMvAda hai| muni haiM--kezI aura gautama / maiM dekhatA hai ki ukta saMvAda meM kahIM para bhI apane-apane zAstA evaM zAstroM ko nirNaya ke hetu bIca meM nahIM lAyA gayA hai| saba nirNaya prajJA ke AdhAra para hayA hai| vahA~ spaSTa ullekha hai, jo gautama ke dvArA upadiSTa hai ki prajJA ke dvArA hI dharma kI pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Interational
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________________ samIkSA honI caahie| sUtra hai--"pannA samikkhae dhammam' arthAt prajJA hI dharma kI samIkSA karane meM samartha hai| aura, dharma hai bhI kyA ? tattva kA arthAt satyArtha kA viziSTa nizcaya hI dharma hai| aura yaha vinizcaya antataH mAnava kI prajJA para hI AdhArita hai| zAstra aura guru saMbhavataH kucha sImA taka yoga de sakate haiN| kintu, satya kI Akhira maMjila para pahu~cane ke lie to apanI prajJA hI sAtha detI hai| 'pra' arthAt prakRSTa, uttama, nirmala aura 'jJA' arthAt jnyaan| __jaba mAnava kI cetanA pakSa-mukta hokara idhara-udhara kI pratibaddhatAoM se alaga hokara satyAbhilakSI cintana karatI hai, to use avazya hI, dharma-tattva kI sahI dRSTi prApta hotI hai| yaha RtambharA prajJA hai| Rt arthAt satya ko vahana karane vAlI zaddha jnyaan-cetnaa| yoga darzanakAra pataJjali ne isI saMdarbha meM eka sUtra upasthita kiyA hai--"RtaMbharA tanna prajJA", 1, 48. ukta sUtra kI vyAkhyA bhojavRtti meM isa prakAra hai--- "RtaM satyaM vibhatti kadAcidapi na viparyayeNA'cchAdyate sA RtaMbharA prajJA tasminsati bhvtiityrthH|" arthAt jo kabhI bhI viparyaya se AcchAdita na ho, vaha satya ko dhAraNA karane vAlI RtaMbharA prajJA hotI hai| mAnA ki sAdhAraNa mAnava kI prajJA kI bhI eka sImA hai| vaha asIma aura ananta nahIM hai| phira bhI usake binA yathArtha satya ke nirNaya kA anya koI prAdhAra bhI to nahIM hai| anya jitane prAdhAra hai, ve to sUne jaMgala meM bhaTakAne jaise haiM aura paraspara TakarAne vAle haiN| ataH jahA~ taka ho sake apanI prajJA ke bala para hI nirNaya ko AdhArita rakhanA caahie| antima prakAza usI se milegaa| zAstroM se bhI nirNaya kareMge, taba bhI prajJA kI apekSA to rahegI hii| binA prajJA ke zAstra mUka haiM ? ve svayaM kyA kareMge? isa sambandha meM eka prAcIna manISI ne kahA hai--"jisa vyakti ko apanI svayaM kI prajJA nahIM hai, usake lie zAstra bhI vyartha hai| zAstra usakA kyA mArga-darzana kara sakatA hai ? andhA vyakti yadi acchAse-acchA darpaNa lekara apanA mukha-maNDala dekhanA cAhe, to kyA vaha dekha sakatA "yasya nAsti svayaM prajJA, zAstraM tasya karoti kim / locanAbhyAM vihInasya, darpaNaH kiM kariSyati // " zAstra ke lie prAkRta meM 'sutta' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| usake saMskRta rUpAntara aneka prakAra ke haiM, unameM sutta zabda kA eka saMskRta rUpAntara supta bhI hotA hai| yaha rUpAntara acchI taraha vicAraNIya hai| suttaM arthAt supta hai, yAnI soyA huA hai| soyA humA kAryakArI nahIM hotA hai| usake bhAva ko evaM paramArtha ko jagAnA hotA hai| aura, vaha jAgatA hai, cintana evaM manana se arthAta mAnava kI prajJA hI usa supta zAstra ko jagAtI hai| usake abhAva meM vaha kevala zabda hai, aura kucha bhI nhiiN| ataH prAcIna vicArakoM ne zAstra ke sAtha bhI tarka ko saMyojita kiyA hai| saMyojita hI nahIM, tarka ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| prAcIna manISI kahate haiM ki, jo cintaka tarka se anusaMdhAna karatA hai, vahI dharma ke tattva ko jAna sakatA hai, anya nahIM / yukti-hIna vicAra se to dharma kI hAni hI hotI hai| "yastarkeNAnusaMdhatte, sa dharma vednettrH| yuktihIna vicAre tu, dharmahAniH prajAyate // " 1. uttarAdhyayana, 23, 25. 2. dhamma tatta viNicchyaM |--uttraadhyyn, 23, 25. 3. suttaM tu sutameva u| --arthana prabodhitaM suptamiva suptaM prAkRtazailyA sutaM / -bRhatkalpa bhASya evaM TIkA, 306 panA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational
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________________ prastuta saMdarbha meM merA bhI eka zloka hai, jisakA abhiprAya hai ki zAstroM ko acchI taraha spaSTatayA cintana karake hI grahaNa karanA caahie| cintana ke dvArA hI zAstra zivatva kI upalabdhi kA hetu hotA hai| cintana ke abhAva meM kevala zabda pradhAna zAstra ziva nahIM, zava hI raha jAtA hai| zava arthAta mata, murdaa| mata ko cipaTAye rahane se antataH jIvita bhI mRta hI ho jAtA hai| mRta kI upAsanA meM prANavAna urjA kaise prApta ho sakatI hai ? "zAstraM sucintitaM grAhya, cintanAddhi zivAyate / anyathA kevalaM zabda-pradhAnaM tu zavAyate // " bhAratIya-cintana kI cintana-dhArA meM prajJAvAda kA nAda anuguMjita hai| bauddha-sAhitya meM to prajJA-pAramitA kA vistAra se varNana hai hii| jaba taka prajJApAramitA ko nahIM prApta kara letA hai, taba taka vaha baddhatva ko nahIM prApta ho sktaa| jana-saMskRti meM bhI prajJA para hI aneka sthAnoM meM mahattvapUrNa bala diyA gayA hai| svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke lie bhI prajJA ke vizeSaNa prayukta kie gae haiN| bahuta dUra na jAe~, to sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha kA vIrathuI nAmaka adhyayana hamAre samakSa hai| usameM gaNadhara sudharmA kahate haiM se bhUIpanne---ve mahAn prajJAvAle haiN| kAsava Asupanne--mahAvIra sAkSAt satya ke draSTA AsuprajJAvAle haiN| se pannayA akkhaya sAgare vA--ve prajJA se akSaya sAgara ke samAna hai| anyatra bhI pAgama sAhitya meM prajJA zabda kA prayoga nirmala jJAna-cetanA ke lie prayukta hai| yaha prajJA kisI zAstra Adi ke AdhAra para nirmita nahIM hotI hai| yaha jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya yA kSamopazama se antaHsphurita jJAna-jyoti hotI hai| - vastutaH isI ke dvArA satya kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| isake abhAva meM kaisA bhI koI guru ho, aura kaisA bhI koI zAstra ho, kucha nahIM kara sktaa| isIlie bhArata kA sAdhaka nirantara--'tamaso mA jyotirgamaya' ke prArthanA sUtra kI raTa lagAe rahatA hai / ajJAna hI tamas hai aura tamas hI mRtyu hai| buddha ise pramAda zabda ke dvArA abhivyakta karate haiN| kahate haiM-pramAda mRtyu hai aura apramAda amRta hai "appamAno amatapadaM, pamAno maccuno padaM |"--dhmmpd, 2, 1. yaha apramAda kyA hai ? pramAda kA abhAva hokara jaba prajJA kI jyoti prajvalita hotI hai, taba apramAda kI bhUmikA prApta hotI hai| aura, isI meM sAdhaka amRtatva kI upalabdhi karatA hai| ___bhAratIya dharma aura darzana meM RSi zabda kA pracura prayoga huA hai| svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI parama maharSi kahA gayA hai "aNuttaraggaM paramaM mhesii|"---suutrkRtaaNg, 1, 6, 17. anyatra bhI aneka prajJAvAna muniyoM ke lie RSi zabda kA prayoga huA hai| harike zabala muni kI stuti karate hue kahA gayA "mahappasAyA isiNo havanti |"--uttraadhyyn, 12, 31. Apa jAnate haiM, RSi zabda kA kyA artha hai ? RSi zabda kA artha hai--satya kA sAkSAt-draSTA / RSi satya kA zrotA kadApi nahIM hotA, pratyut apane antaHsphUrta prajJA ke pannA samikkhae dhamma 317 Jain Education Interational
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________________ sata dvArA satya kA draSTA hotA hai| koSa-sAhitya meM RSi kA artha yahI kiyA gayA hai| vaha antaHsphUrta kavi, muni, mantra-draSTA aura prakAza kI kiraNa hai / kavi zabda kA artha kAvya kA racayitA hI nahIM, apitu Izvara-bhagavAn bhI hotA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM izopaniSad kahatA hai-- "kavirmanISiparibhUH svayaMbhU" ukta vivecana kA sAra yahI hai ki satya kI upalabdhi ke lie mAnava kI apanI svayaM kI prajJA hI hetu hai| prajJA ke abhAva meM vyakti, samAja, rASTra va dharma prAdi saba tamasAcchanna ho jAte haiN| aura isI tamasAcchanna sthiti meM se andha-mAnyatAe~ evaM andha-vizvAsa janma lete haiM, jo antataH mAnava-jAti kI sarvotkRSTatA ke sarvasva saMhAraka ho jAte haiN| atIta ke itihAsa meM jaba hama pahu~cate haiM, to dekhate haiM ki prajJA ke abhAva meM mAnava ne kitane bhayaMkara anartha kie haiN| hajAroM hI nahIM, lAkhoM mahilAeM, pati kI mRtyu para pativratA evaM satItva kI garimA ke nAma para pati ke zava ke sAtha jIvita jalA dI gaI haiN| Aja ke sadhArazIla.yaga meM yadA-kadA ukta ghaTanAe~ samAcAra patnoM ke paSThoM para mA jAtI haiN| yaha kitanA bhayaMkara hatyAkANDa hai, jo dharma evaM zAstroM ke nAma para hotA A rahA hai| devI-devatAoM kI prastara mUrtiyoM ke Age mUka-pazuoM ke balidAna kI prathA bhI dhArmika paramparAoM ke nAma para cAlU hai| eka-eka dina meM devI ke Age sAta-sAta hajAra bakare kATa die jAte hai| aura hajAroM nara-nArI, bacce, buDDhe, naujavAna harSollAsa se nAcate-gAte haiM evaM devI ke nAma kI jaya-jayakAra karate haiN| lagatA hai ki mAnava ke rUpa meM koI dAnavoM kA melA lagA hai| vicAra-carcA kareM aura virodha meM svara uThAe~, to jhaTapaTa koI zAstra lAkara sAmane khar3A kara diyA jAtA hai| aura, paNDe-pUrohita dharma-dhvaMsa kI duhAI dene la haiN| pazu hI kyoM, sAmUhika narabali taka ke itihAsa kI ye kAlI ghaTanAe~ hameM bhAratIya itihAsa meM mila jAtI haiM aura Aja bhI mAsUma baccoM ke sira kATa kara devI ko prasanna karane ke lie bali ke rUpa meM arpita kara die jAte haiN| andha-vizvAsoM kI paramparA kI kathA bar3I lambI hai| kahIM grAmINa mahilAeM sarvathA nagna hokara varSA ke lie khetoM meM hala jotane kA abhinaya karatI hai| aura, kahIM para pazubali evaM narabali taka isake lie de dI jAtI hai| prajJA-hIna dharma ke cakkara meM bhramita hokara logoM ne AtmapIDana kA kaSTa bhI kama nahIM uThAyA hai| vastrahIna nagna hokara himAlaya meM rahate haiN| jeTha kI bhayaMkara garmI meM cAroM ora dhUnI lagAte haiN| kAMTe bichAkara sote haiN| jIvita hI mukti ke hetu gaMgA meM kUda kara AtmahatyA kara lete haiN| aura, kucha loga to jIvita hI bhUmi meM samAdhi lekara mRtyu kA varaNa bhI karate haiN| aura, kucha Atma-dAha karane vAle bhI kama nahIM hai| lagatA hai, manuSya A~khoM ke hote hue bhI aMdhA ho gayA hai| dharma-rakSA ke nAma para vaha kucha bhI kara sakatA hai yA usase kucha bhI karAyA jA sakatA hai| dharma aura gurutroM ke nAma para aisA bhayaMkara zahIdo janUna savAra hotA hai ki apane se bhinna dharma-paramparA ke niraparAdha logoM kI sAmUhika hatyA taka karane meM unheM koI hicaka nahIM hotii| yaha saba upadrava deva-mUr3hatA, muru-mUr3hatA tathA zAstra-mUr3hatA ke kAraNa hote haiN| prajJA hI, ukta mUr3hatAoM ko dUra kara sakatI hai| kintu, dharma ke bhrama meM usane apanA yA samAja kA bhalA-burA socane se inkAra kara diyA hai| ataH apekSA hai, prajJA kI antar-jyoti ko prajvalita karane kii| binA jJAna kI jyoti prajvalita hue, yaha bhrama kA saghana andhakAra kathamapi dUra nahIM ho sktaa| ataH aneka bhArata ke prabuddha mabhISiyoM ne jJAna-jyoti ko prakAzita karane ke lie pravala preraNA dI hai| zrI kRSNa to kahate haiM-jJAna se bar3hakara vizva meM anya kucha bhI pavitna nahIM hai-- "na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyte|" pannA samikkhae dhamma 318 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ ajJAna tamasa ko naSTa karane ke lie jJAna kI agni hI sakSama hai| zrI kRSNa aura bhI bala dekara kahate haiM-"he arjuna ! jaise prajvalita agni kASTha samUha ko bhasma kara detI hai, vaise hI jJAnarUpa agni sampUrNa karmoM ko bhasma kara detI hai "yathavaghAMsi smiddho'gnirbhsmsaatkurte'rjunH| jJAnAgniH sarva-karmANi bhasmasAtkurute tathA // " -gItA, 4, 37 upaniSad-sAhitya meM sarvaprathama maulika sthAna IzopaniSad kA hai| yaha upaniSad yajurveda kA antima adhyAya hai| usakA eka sUtra vacana hai--vidyAyAmRtamaznute' arthAt vidyA se hI amRta-tattva kI upalabdhi hotI hai| tIrthakara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI jJAna-jyoti para hI atyadhika bala diyA hai| muni zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue unhoMne anya kisI bAhya kriyAkANDa vizeSa kI carcA na karake munitva ke lie samyak-jJAna kI hI hetutA ko svIkRta kiyA hai nANeNa ya muNI hoi |---uttraadhyyn, 25, 32. zramaNa Avazyaka sUtra meM eka pATha hai, jo hara bhikSu ko subaha-sAyaM pratikramaNa ke samaya upayoga meM lAnA hotA hai| vaha pATha hai-- "micchattaM pariyANAmi sammataM uvasaMpajjAmi / prabohi pariyANAmi bohiM uvasaMpajjAmi / annANaM pariyANAmi, nANaM uvsNpjjaami|" pATha lambA hai| usameM kA kucha aMza hI yahA~ uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| isakA bhAvArtha hai-"maiM mithyAtva kA parityAga karatA hU~ aura samyaktva ko svIkAra karatA huuN| maiM abodhi kA tyAga karatA hU~ aura bodhi ko svIkAra karatA huuN| maiM ajJAna kA tyAga karatA hU~ aura samyak-jJAna ko svIkAra karatA huuN|" kitane udAtta vacana hai ye| kAza, yadi hama ina vacanoM para caleM, to phira dharma ke nAma para cala rahe pAkhaNDoM ke bhrama kA aMdherA mAnava-mastiSka ko kaise bhrAnta kara sakatA hai ? apekSA hai, Aja prajJAvAda ke punaH pratiSThA kii| jana-cetanA meM prajJA kI jyoti prajvalita hote hI, jAti, paMtha tathA rASTra ke nAma para Ae dina hone vAle ugravAdI yA AtaMkavAdI jaise upadravoM ke kAle bAdala sahasA chinna-bhinna ho sakate haiN| aura, mAnava apane ko mAnava ke rUpa meM punaH pratiSThita kara sakatA hai| mRta hotI huI mAnavatA ko jIvita rakhane ke lie svatantra cintana ke rUpa meM prajJA kI UrjA hI kAma de sakatI hai "nA'nyaH panthA vidyate'yanAya" pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational