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________________ nyAya - vidyAmRta nyAya eka vidyA hai, jise nyAyazAstra, tarkazAstra, AnvIkSikI vidyA aura hetuvidyA yA hetuvAda kahA gayA hai| AcArya anantavIryane to isa nyAya vidyAko amRta kahA hai / parIkSA - mukhakI vyAkhyAke ArambhameM maGgalAcaraNake bAda ve likhate haiM--- 'vidvattAse otaprota jina vidvAn AcArya mANikyanandine akalaGkake vacana samudrakA avagAhana kara usase nyAyavidyArUpa amRtako nikAlA arthAt parIkSAmukha likhA una mANikyanandike lie vinamratApUrvaka namaskAra ( praNAma karatA hU~ / ' akalaGkavaco'mbhodheruddadhra yena dhImatA / nyAya - vidyAmRtaM tasmai namo mANikyanandine // yahA~ anantavIryane mANikyanandike parIkSAmukhako 'nyAyavidyAmRta' kahA hai, jo jaina nyAyakA Adya sUtra grantha hai | amRta jisa prakAra amaratva pradAna karatA hai usI prakAra nyAyavidyA tattvajJAnako pradAna kara AtmAko amara ( mithyAjJAnAdi saMsAra - bandhana se mukta ) kara detI hai / nizcaya hI yaha nyAya-vidyAke prabhAvako udghoSaNA 1 pratyakSAdi pramANako athavA pramANanayAtmaka yuktiko nyAya kahA hai ' / nipUrvaka 'iN' gamanArthaka dhAtuse 'karaNa' artha meM 'dhan' pratyaya karanepara 'nyAya' zabdakI siddhi hotI hai, jisakA yaha artha hotA hai ki jisake dvArA padArthoM kA jJAna nizcita rUpameM hotA hai / tattvArthasUtrakArane bhI yahI likhA hai / ve kahate haiM ki pramANa aura nayase jIvAdi tattvoMkA jJAna hotA hai / ataH tattvajJAnakI prApti ke lie pramANa -nayAtmaka nyAyavidyAkA adhyayana Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya bhI hai| isalie aisI vidyAko 'amRta' kahA jAnA upayukta hai / sabhI darzanoM meM isa vidyAkA pratipAdana aura vizeSa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM isa vidyAke pracura bIja AcArya gRddhapicchake" tattvArthasUtra meM upalabdha hote haiM / svAmI samantabhadrake devAgama (AptabhImAMsA), yuktyanuzAsana aura svayambhUstotra meM nyAyakA vikAsArambha prApta hai / 1. prameya ratnamAlA, prathama samuddeza, zloka 2 / 2. pratyakSAdipramANaM nyAyaH / athavA nayapramANAtmikA yuktiyayaH / nirvAdiNgatAvityasmAddhAtoH karaNe ghaJpratyayaH, tena nyAyazabdasiddhiH / nitarAM Iyate jJAyate'rtho'neneti nyAyaH / -- vahI, TippaNa pR0 4 / 3. ta0 sU0 1-6 / 4. nyAyadI0 pR0 5 mUla va Tippa0 / 5. 'tattvArtha sUtra meM nyAyazAstra ke bIja' zIrSaka nibandha, jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, pR0 70 / 6. inhoMne apane granthoMmeM nyAyazAstrakI eka uttama evaM yogya bhUmikA prastuta kI hai, jise jaina nyAyake vikAsakA AdikAla kaha sakate haiM / dekho, jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, pR0 7 se 11 / - 281 - 36
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________________ svAmI samantabhadra ne bhAratIya dArzanika kSetrake jaina darzana kSetrameM yuga-pravartakakA kArya kiyA hai| unake pahale jaina darzanake prANabhUta tattva 'syAdvAda' ko prAyaH AgamarUpa hI prApta thA aura usakA Agamika tattvoMke nirUpaNameM hI upayoga hotA thA tathA sIdhI-sAdhI vivecanA kara dI jAtI thii| vizeSa yuktivAda denekI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI thii| kintu samantabhadrake samayameM usa yuktivAdako AvazyakatA mahasUsa huii| dUsarItIsarI zatAbdIkA samaya bhAratavarSake sAMskRtika itihAsa meM apUrva dArzanika krAntikA rahA hai, isa samaya sabhI darzanoMmeM aneka krAntikArI vidvAn paidA hue haiM / yaha hama usa samaya ke dArzanika granthoMse jJAta kara sakate haiM / samantabhadrako AptamImAMsA isakI sAkSI hai, jisameM bhAvakAnta, abhAvaikAnta Adi aneka ekAntoMkI carcA aura unakI samAlocanA upalabdha hai| isIlie samantabhadrake kAlako jaina nyAyake vikAsakA AdikAla kahA jAtA hai| isa taraha isa AdikAla athavA samantabhadra kAlameM jaina nyAyakI eka yogya aura uttama bhUmikA taiyAra ho gayI thii| ukta bhUmikApara jaina nyAyakA uttuga aura sarvAMgapUrNa mahAn prAsAda jisa kuzala aura tIkSNabuddhi tArkika-zilpIne khar3A kiyA, vaha hai akalaMka / akalaMkake kAla meM bhI samantabhadrase kahIM adhika jabardasta dArzanika muThabher3a ho rahI thii| eka tarapha zabdAdvaitavAdI bhartRhari, prasiddha mImAMsaka kumArila, nyAyaniSNAta udyotakara prabhRti vaidika vidvAn apane pakSoMpara ArUr3ha the, to dUsarI aura dharmakIrti aura unake tarkapaTu ziSya evaM vyAkhyAkAra prajJAkara, dharmottara, karNakagomi Adi bauddha tAkika apane pakSapara dRr3ha the| zAstrArthoM aura zAstra nirmANako parAkASThA thii| pratyeka dArzanikakA prayatna thA ki vaha jisa kisI taraha apane pakSako siddha kare aura parapakSakA nirAkaraNa kara vijaya prApta kre| itanA hI nahIM, parapakSako asad prakAroMse parAjita evaM tiraskRta bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| virodhoko 'pazu', 'ahoka' jaise gahita zabdoMse vyava hRtakara usake siddhAntoMko tuccha prakaTa kiyA jAtA thaa| yaha kAla jahA~ tarkake vikAsakA madhyAhna mAnA jAtA hai vahA~ isa kAlameM nyAyakA bar3A upahAsa bhI huA hai| tattvake saMrakSaNake lie chala, jAti, nigrahasthAna jaise asad upAyoMkA khulakara prayoga karanA aura unheM zAstrArthakA aMga mAnanA isa kAlakI dena bana gayoM / kSaNikavAda, zunyavAda, vijJAnavAda Adi pakSoMkA samarthana isa kAlameM dhar3allese kiyA gayA aura kaTTaratAse itarakA nirAsa kiyA gyaa| toNadRSTi akalaGkane isa sthitikA adhyayana kiyA aura sabhI darzanoMkA gaharA evaM sUkSma abhyAsa kiyaa| isake lie unheM kA~cI, nAlandA Adike tatkAlIna vidyApIThoMmeM pracchanna veSa meM rahanA par3A / samantabhadra dvArA sthApita sthAdvAdanyAyako bhUmikAko Thoka taraha na samajhaneke kAraNa diGnAga, dharmakIrti, udyotakara, kumArila Adi bauddha-vaidika vidvAnoMne pakSAgrahI dRSTikA hI samarthana kiyA thA tathA jaina darzanake syAdvAda, anekAnta Adi siddhAntoMpara AkSepa kiye the / ataH akalaGkane mahAprayAsa karake tIna apUrva kArya kiye / eka to zAstrArthoM dvArA jaina darzanake sahI rUpako prastuta kiyA aura AkSepoMkA nirAkaraNa kiyaa| dUsarA kArya yaha kiyA ki syAdvAdanyAyapara Aropita dUSaNoMko dUra kara use svaccha banAyA aura tIsarA kitanA hI nayA nirmANa kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake dvArA nirmita granthoMmeM cAra grantha kevala nyAyazAstrapara hI likhe gaye haiM, jinameM vibhinna vAdiyoM dvArA diye gaye sabhI dUpaNoMkA parihAra kara unake ekAnta siddhAntoM kI kar3I samIkSA kI gayI hai aura jaina nyAyake jina Avazyaka upAdAnoMkA jaina darzanameM vikAsa nahIM ho sakA thA, unakA unhoMne vikAsa kiyA athavA unakI pratiSThA ko hai / unake ve mahattvapUrNa nyAyagrantha nimna 1. nyAyasU0 1 / 1 / 1, 4 / 2 / 50, 1 / 2 / 2, 3, 4 Adi aura unakI vyAkhyAe~ / -282 -
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________________ prakAra hai-1. nyAyavinizcaya (svopajJavRtti sahita) 2. siddhi-vinizcaya, 3. pramANasaMgraha aura 4. ladhIyastraya (svopajJavRtti sahita) / ye cAroM grantha kArikAtmaka haiM / akalaGkane jaina nyAyako jo rUparekhA aura dizA nirdhArita kI, usIkA anusaraNa uttaravartI sabhI jaina tAkikoMne kiyA hai| haribhadra, vIrasena, kUmAranandi vidyAnanda, anantavIrya prathama, vAdirAja, mANikyanandi Adi madhyayugIna AcAryoMne unake kAryako Age bar3hAyA aura use yazasvI banAyA hai| unake sUtrAtmakaevaM durUha kathanako ina AcAryoMne apanI racanAoM dvArA suvistRta aura supuSTa kiyA hai| haribhadra kI ane kAntajayapatAkA, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, vIrasenako tarkabahula dhavalA-jayadhavalA TIkAe~, kumAranandikA vAdanyAya, vidyAnandake vidyAnandamahodaya, tattvArthazlokavArtika, aSTasahasrI, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, AptaparIkSA, satyazAsanaparIkSA, anantavIryakI siddhivinizcayaTIkA, pramANasaMgrahabhASya, vAdirAjake nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, pramANa-nirNaya aura mANikyanandikA parIkSAmukha isa kAlakI anUThI nyAya-racanAe~ haiM / jaina nyAyake vikAsakA uttarakAla prabhAcandrakA kAla mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki prabhAcandrane isa kAlameM apane pUrvaja AcAryoMkA anugamana karate hue jo vizAlakAya vyAkhyAgrantha likhe haiM vaise vyAkhyAgrantha unake bAda nahIM likhe gaye / akalaMkake laghIyastrayapara laghIyastrayAlaMkAra, jisakA dUsarA nAma nyAyakumudacandra hai aura mANikyanandike parIkSAmukhapara prameyakamalamArtaNDa nAmakI prameyabahala evaM tarkapUrNa TIkAe~ racI haiM, jo prabhAcandrakI amogha tarkaNA aura ujjvala yazako prasata karatI hai| abhayadevakI sanmatitarkaTIkA aura vAdi-devasUrikA syAdvAdaratnAkara (pramANanaya-tattvAlokAlaMkAraTIkA) ye dI TIkAe~ bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM, jo prabhAcandrakI tarka-paddhatise prabhAvita hai| isa kAlameM maulika granthoMke nirmANakI kSamatA prAyaH kama ho gayI aura vyAkhyAgranthoMkA nirmANa haa| laghu anantavoryane parIkSAmukhakI laghuvRtti-prameyaratnamAlA, abhayadevane sanmatitarkaTIkA, devasUrine pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra aura usakI svopajJa TIkA syAdvAdaratnAkara, abhayacandrane laghIyastrayatAtparyavRtti, hemacandrane pramANamImAMsA, malliSeNane syAdvAdamaMjarI, AzAdharane prameyatnAkara, bhAvasenane vizvatattvaprakAza, ajitasenane nyAyamaNidIpikA, dharmabhUSaNane nyAyadIpikA, cArukIrtine arthaprakAzikA aura prameyaratnAlaMkAra, vimaladAsane saptaGgi-taraMgiNI, narendrasenane pramANaprameyakalikA aura yazovijayane aSTasahasrIvivaraNa, jJAnabindu aura jaina tarkabhASAkI racanA kI, jo vizeSa ullekhayogya nyAyagrantha haiN| isake bAda jaina nyAyakI dhArA prAyaH banda ho gyii| hA~, bIsavIM zatAbdImeM zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI nyAyAcArya, paM0 mANicandra jI nyAyAcArya, paM0 sukhalAlajI prajJAcakSu, paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA aura paM0 mahendra kumArajI nyAyAcArya ke bhI nAma ullekha yogya haiM, jinhoMne nyAyazAstrakA gaharA adhyayana kiyA aura nyAyagranthoMkA sampAdanakara unake sAtha zodhapUrNa prastAvanAe~ nibaddha kI hai| isa nyAya-vidyAke adhyayanakI vidvattA aura pANDitya prApta karane ke lie bahuta AvazyakatA hai / usase buddhi painI evaM tarkapravaNa hotI hai / nyAyazAstrakA adhyetA parIkSA-cakSu hotA hai / nyAyavidyAke adhyayanase lAbha 1. hareka vyaktikI buddhi svabhAvataH kucha na kucha tarkazIla rahatI hai / nyAyazAstrake adhyayanase usa tarkameM vikAsa hotA hai , buddhi parimArjita hotI hai, prazna karane aura use jamA kara upasthita karanekA buddhi meM mAdA AtA hai / binA tarkakI buddhi kabhI-kabhI UTapaTAMga-jIko sparza na karane vAle prazna kara baiThatI hai. jisase vyakti hAsyakA pAtra banatA hai / -283
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________________ 2. nyAya-granthoMkA par3hanA vyavahArakuzalatAke liye bhI upayogI hai| usase hameM yaha mAlUma ho jAtA hai ki duniyAmeM bhinna-bhinna vicAroMke loga hamezAse rahe haiM aura rheNge| yadi hamAre vicAra ThIka aura satya hai aura dUsareke vicAra ThIka evaM satya nahIM haiM to darzanazAstra hameM dizA dikhAtA hai ki hama satyake sAtha sahiSNu bhI baneM aura apanese virodhI vicAra vAloMko apane tarkoM dvArA hI satyakI ora lAnekA prayatna kareM, jora-jabaradastIse nhiiN| jaina darzana satyake sAtha sahiSNu hai| isIliye vaha aura usakA sampradAya bhAratameM TikA calA A rahA hai, anyathA bauddha Adi darzanoMkI taraha usakA TikanA azakya thaa| andhazraddhAko haTAne, vastusthitiko samajhane aura vibhinna vicAroMkA samanvaya karaneke liye nyAya evaM dArzanika granthoMkA par3hanA, manana karanA, cintana karanA jarUrI hai / nyAya-granthoM meM jo AlocanA pAI jAtI hai usakA uddezya kevala itanA hI hai ki satyakA prakAzana aura satyarUA grahaNa ho / nyAyAlayameM bhI jhUThe pakSakI AlocanAkI hI jAtI hai / 3. nyAyazAstrakA prabhAvakSetra vyApaka hai / vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, rAjanIti, itihAsa, siddhAnta Adi sabapara isakA prabhAva hai| koI bhI viSaya aisA nahIM hai jo nyAyake prabhAvase achatA ho / vyAkaraNa aura sAhityake ucca granthoMmeM nyAyasaryakA tejasvI aura ujjvala prakAza sarvatra phailA haA milegaa| maiM una mitroMko jAnatA haiM jo vyAkaraNa aura sAhityake adhyayanake samaya nyAyake adhyayanakI apanemeM mahasUsa karate haiM aura usakI AvazyakatApara jora dete haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki nyAyakA adhyayana kitanA upayogI aura lAbhadAyaka hai| 4. kisI bhI prakArakI vidvattA prApta karane aura kisI bhI prakArake sAhitya-nirmANa karaneke liye calatA dimAg2a cAhiye / yadi calatA dimAg2a nahIM hai to vaha na to vidvAna bana sakatA hai aura na kisI tarahake sAhityakA nirmANa hI kara sakatA hai / aura yaha prakaTa hai ki calatA dimAga mukhyataH nyAyazAstrase hotA hai / use dimAgako tIkSNa evaM druta gatise calatA karaneke lie usakA avalambana jarUrI hai| sonemeM camaka kasauTIpara hI kI jAtI hai| ataH sAhityasevI aura vidvAna bananeke lie nyAyakA abhyAsa utanA hI jarUrI hai jitanA Aja rAjanIti aura itihAsakA adhyayana / 5. nyAyazAstra meM kuzala vyakti saba dizAoM meM jA sakatA hai aura saba kSetroMmeM apanI viziSTa unnati kara sakatA hai-vaha asaphala nahIM ho sakatA / sirpha zarta yaha ki vaha nyAyagranthoMkA kevala bhAravAhI na ho| usake rasase pUrNataH anuprANita ho / 6. nisargaja tarka kama logoMmeM hotA hai| adhikAMza logoM meM to adhigamaja tarka hI hotA hai, jo sAkSAt athavA paramparayA nyAyazAstra-tarkazAstrake abhyAsase prApta hotA hai| ataeva jo nisargataH tarkazIla nahIM haiM unheM kabhI bhI hatAza nahIM honA cAhie aura nyAyazAstra adhyayana dvArA adhigamaja tarka prApta karanA caahie| isase ve na kevala apanA hI lAbha uThA sakate haiM kintu ve sAhitya aura samAjake lie bhI apUrva denakI sRSTi kara sakate haiM / 7. samantabhadra, akalaMka, vidyAnanda Adi jo bar3e-bar3e diggaja prabhAvazAlI vidvAnAcArya hue haiM ve saba nyAyazAstrake abhyAsase hI bane haiN| unhoMne nyAyazAstra-ratnakArakA acchI taraha avagAhana karake hI uttamauttama grantharatna hameM pradAna kiye haiM. jinakA prakAza Aja prakaTa hai aura jo hameM haiM, jinakA prakAza Aja prakaTa hai aura jo hameM dharoharake rUpameM saubhAgyase prApta haiM / hamArA kartavya hai ki hama una ratnoMko AbhAko adhikAdhika rUpameM duniyAke kone-konemeM phailAyeM, jisase jaina zAsanakI mahattA aura jaina darzanakA prabhAva lokameM khyAta ho| vastutaH nyAya-vidyA eka bahuta upayogI aura lAbhadAyaka vidyA hai, jisakA adhyayana laukika aura pAramArthika donoM dRSTiyoMse Avazyaka hai| - 284 -