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________________ 'nyAyakamudacandra' kA prAkathana ___ yadi zrImAn premIjI kA anurodha na hotA jinheM ki maiM apane ine-gine digambara mitroM meM sabase adhika udAra vicAravAle, sAmpradAyika hote hue bhI asAmpradAyika dRSTivAle tathA saccI lagana se digambarIya sAhitya kA utkarSa cAhane vAle samajhatA hU~, aura yadi nyAya kumudacandra ke prakAzana ke sAtha thor3A bhI merA saMbandha na hotA, to maiM isa vakta zAyada hI kucha likhtaa| digambara-paraMparA ke sAtha merA tIsa varSa pahale adhyayana ke samaya se hI saMbandha zurU huA, jo bAhya-zrAbhyantara donoM dRSTi se uttarottara vistRta evaM ghaniSTha hotA gayA hai| itane lambe paricaya meM sAhityika tathA aitihAsika dRSTi se digambara paramparA ke saMbandha meM zrAdara evaM ati taTasthatA ke sAtha jahA~ taka ho sakA maiMne kucha avalokana evaM ciMtana kiyA hai| mujhako digambarIya paramparA kI madhyakAlIna tathA uttarakAlIna sAhityika pravRtti meM eka virodha naz2ara AyA / namaskaraNIya svAmI samaMtabhadra se lekara vAdirAja taka kI sAhityika pravRtti dekhie-aura isake bAda kI sAhityika pravRtti dekhie / donoM kA milAna karane se aneka vicAra Ate haiN| samaMtabhadra, akalaGka Adi vidvadrUpa AcArya cAhe banavAsI rahe hoM, yA nagaravAsI phira bhI una saboM ke sAhitya ko dekhakara eka bAta nirvivAda rUpa se mAnanI par3atI hai ki una saboM kI sAhityika manovRtti bahuta hI udAra evaM saMgrahiNI rahI / aisA na hotA to ve bauddha aura brAhmaNa paramparA kI saba dArzanika zAkhAoM ke sulabha durlabha sAhitya kA na to adhyayana hI karate aura na usake tattvoM para anukUla-pratikUla samAlocanA-yogya gambhIra cintana karake apanA sAhitya samRddhatara banA pAte / yaha kalpanA karanA nirAdhAra nahIM ki una samarthaM prAcAryoM ne apane tyAga va digambaratva ko kAyama rakhane kI ceSTA karate hue bhI apane Asa-pAsa aise pustaka saM ha kiye karAye ki jinameM apane sampradAya ke samagra sAhitya ke alAvA bauddha aura brAhmaNa paramparA ke mahatvapUrNa choTe-bar3e sabhI graMthoM kA saMcaya karane kA bharasaka prayatna huaa| ve aise saMcaya mAtra se hI saMtuSTa nahIM rahate the, para unake adhyayana-adhyApana kArya ko apanA jIvana krama banAye hue the| isake
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________________ 464 jaina dharma aura darzana binA unake upalabhya graMthoM meM dekhA jAnevAlA bicAra-vaizadya va dArzanika pRthakkaraNa saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| ve usa vizAlarAzi tatkAlIna bhAratIya sAhitya ke ciMtana, manana rUpa dohana meM se navanIta jaisI apanI kRtiyoM ko binA banAye bhI saMtuSTa na hote the| yaha sthiti madhyakAla kI rhii| isake bAda ke samaya meM hama dUsarI hI manovRtti pAte haiN| karIba bArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara bIsavIM zatAbdI taka ke digambarIya sAhitya kI pravRtti dekhane se jAna par3atA hai ki isa yuga meM vaha manovRtti badala gaI / agara aisA na hotA to koI kAraNa na thA ki bArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara aba taka jahA~ nyAya vedAnta mImAMsA, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa Adi viSayaka sAhitya kA bhAratavarSa meM itanA adhika, itanA vyApaka aura itanA sUkSma vicAra va vikAsa huA, vahA~ digambara paramparA isase bilakula achUtI sI rhtii| zrIharSa, gaMgeza, pakSadhara, madhusUdana, appadIkSita, jagannAtha Adi jaise navayuga prasthApaka brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ke sAhitya se bhare hue isa yuga meM digambara sAhitya kA isase bilakula achUtA rahanA apane pUrvAcAryoM kI manovRtti ke viruddha manovRtti kA sabUta hai| agara vAdirAja ke bAda bhI digambara paramparA kI sAhityika manovRtti pUrvavat rahatI to usakA sAhitya kucha aura hI hotaa| kAraNa kucha bhI ho para isameM tanika bhI saMdeha nahIM hai ki pichale paNDitoM aura bhaTTArakoM kI manovRtti hI badala gaI aura usakA prabhAva sArI paramparA para par3A jo aba taka spaSTa dekhA jAtA hai aura jisake cihna upalabhya prAyaH sabhI bhaNDAroM, vartamAna pAThazAlAoM kI adhyayana-adhyApana praNAlI aura paNDita maNDalI kI vicAra va kAryazailI meM dekhe jAte haiM / ___ abhI taka mere dekhane sunane meM aisA eka bhI purAnA digaMbara bhaNDAra yA aAdhunika pustakAlaya nahIM AyA jisameM bauddha, brAhmaNa aura zvetAMbara paramparA kA samagra sAhitya yA adhika mahattva kA mukhya sAhitya saMgRhIta ho| maiMne digaMbara paramparA kI eka bhI aisI saMsthA nahIM dekhI yA sunI ki jisameM samagra darzanoM kA AmUla adhyayana-ciMtana hotA ho yA usake prakAzita kiye hue bahumUlya prAcIna graMthoM kA saMskaraNa yA anuvAda aisA koI nahIM dekhA jisase yaha vidita ho ki usake sampAdakoM yA anuvAdakoM ne utanI vizAlatA va taTasthatA se una mala granthoM ke lekhakoM kI bhA~ti nahIM to unakA zatAMza yA sahasrAMza bhI zrama kiyA ho / eka tarapha se paraMparA meM pAI jAne vAlI udAtta zAstra bhakti, Arthika sahaliyata aura buddhizAlI paMDitoM kI bar3I tAdAda ke sAtha jaba Adhunika yuga ke subhIte kA vicAra karatA hU~, tathA dUsarI bhAratavarSIya paraMparAoM kI sAhityika
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________________ " 30 'nyAya kumudacandra' 465 upAsanA ko dekhatA hU~ aura dUsarI tarapha digambarIya sAhitya kSetra kA vicAra karatA hU~ taba kama se kama mujhako to koI saMdeha hI nahIM rahatA ki yaha saba kucha badalI huI saMkucita yA ekadezIya manovRtti kA hI pariNAma hai / merA yaha bhI cirakAla se manoratha rahA hai ki ho sake itanI tvarA se digambara paramparA kI yaha manovRtti badala jAnI cAhie / isake binA vaha na to apanA aitihAsika va sAhityika purAnA anupama sthAna sa~bhAla legI aura na vartamAna yuga meM sabake sAtha barAbarI kA sthAna pA skegii| yaha bhI merA vizvAsa hai ki agara yaha manovRtti badala jAe to usa madhyakAlIna thoDe, para asAdhAraNa mahattva ke, aise grantha use virAsata meM labhya haiM jinake bala para aura jinakI bhUmikA ke Upara uttarakAlIna aura vartamAnayugIna sArA mAnasika vikAsa isa vakta bhI bar3I khUbI se samanvita va saMgrahIta kiyA jA sakatA hai / isI vizvAsa ne mujhako digambarIya sAhitya ke upAdeya utkarSa ke vAste kartavya rUpa se mukhyatayA tIna bAtoM kI ora vicAra karane ko bAdhita kiyA hai| (1) samaMtabhadra, kalaMka vidyAnaMda Adi ke grantha isa DhaMga se prakAzita kiye jAe~ jisase unheM par3hanevAle vyApaka dRSTi pA sakeM aura jinakA avalokana tathA saMgraha dUsarI paraMparA ke vidvAnoM ke vAste anivArya sA ho jAe / (2) AptamImAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana aSTazatI, nyAyavinizcaya yadi granthoM ke anuvAda aisI maulikatA ke sAtha tulanAtmaka va aitihAsika paddhati se kiye jAe~, jisase yaha vidita ho ki una granthakAroM ne apane samaya taka kI kitanI vidyAoM kA parizIlana kiyA thA aura kina-kina upAdAnoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne apanI kRtiyA~ ravIM thIM- tathA unakI kRtiyoM meM sanniSTa vicAra paraMparAoM kA Aja taka kitanA aura kisa taraha vikAsa huA hai / (3) ukta donoM bAtoM kI pUrti kA ekamAtra sAdhana jo sarva saMgrAhI pustakAlayoM kA nirmANa, prAcIna bhANDAroM kI pUrNa va vyavasthita khoja tathA Adhunika paThanapraNAlI meM AmUla parivartana hai, vaha jaldI se jaldI karanA / kisI samaya AsamImAMsA kA / maiMne yaha pahale hI soca rakhA thA ki apanI ora se binA kucha kiye auroM ko kahane kA koI vizeSa artha nahIM / isa dRSTi se anuvAda maiMne prArambha bhI kiyA, jo pIche raha gayA isa bIca meM sanmatitarka ke sampAdana kAla meM kucha pUrva digambarIya grantha ratna mile, jinameM se siddhivinizvaya TIkA eka hai / nyAyakumudacandra kI likhita prati jo 'zrI' saMketa se prastuta saMskA meM upayukta huI hai vaha bhI zrIyuta premIjI ke dvArA milI / jaba maiMne use dekhA tabhI usakA viziSTa saMskaraNa nikAlane kI vRtti balavatI ho gii| udhara -
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________________ 466 jaina dharma aura darzana premIjI kA takAjA thA ki madada maiM yathAsaMbhava karU~gA para isakA sammati jaisA saMskaraNa nikAlo hI / idhara eka sAtha aneka bar3e kAma jimme na lene kI manovRtti | isa dvaMda meM dasa varSa bIta gae / maiMne isa bIca meM do bAra prayatna bhI kiye para ve saphala na hue| eka uddezya merA yaha rahA ki kumudacandra jaise digambarIya granthoM ke saMskaraNa ke samaya yogya digambara paMDitoM ko hI sahacArI banAU~ jisase phira usa paraMparA meM bhI svAvalaMbI cakra calatA rhe| isa dhAraNA se ahamadAbAda meM do bAra alaga-alaga se, do digambara paMDitoM ko bhI, zAyada san 1626-27 ke AsapAsa, maiMne bulAyA para kAmayAbI na huI / vaha prayatna usa samaya vahIM rahA, para premIjI ke takAz2e aura nijI saMkalpa ke vaza usakA paripAka uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA, jise mUrta karane kA avasara 1633 kI julAI meM kAzI pahu~cate hI dikhAI diyA / paM0 kailAzacandrajI to prathama se hI mere paricita the, paM0 mahendrakumArajI kA paricaya nayA huA / maiMne dekhA ki ye donoM vidvAn 'kumuda' kA kArya kareM to upayukta samaya aura sAmagrI hai| donoM ne bar3e utsAha se kAma ko apanAyA aura udhara se premIjI ne kAryasAdhaka Ayojana bhI kara diyA, jisake phalasvarUpa yaha prathama bhAga sabake sAmane upasthita hai / ise taiyAra karane meM paMDita mahAzayoM ne kitanA aura kisa prakAra kA zrama kiyA hai use sabhI abhijJa abhyAsI zrApa hI Apa jAna sakeMge / ataeva maiM usa para kucha na kahakara sirpha prastuta bhAga gata TippaNiyoM ke viSaya meM kucha kahanA upayukta samajhatA hU~ | merI samajha meM prastuta TippaNiyA~ do dRSTi se kI gaI haiN| eka to yaha ki granthakAra ne jisa-jisa mukhya aura gauNa mudde para jainamata darzAte hue anukUla thA pratikUla rUpa se jainetara bauddha brAhmaNa paramparAoM ke matoM kA nirdeza va saMgraha kiyA hai ve mata aura una matoM kI poSaka paramparAe~ unhIM ke mUlabhUta granthoM se batalAI jAe~ tAki abhyAsI granthakAra kI prAmANikatA jAnane ke alAvA yaha bhI savistara jAna sakeM ki amuka mata yA usakI poSaka paraMparA kina mUla graMthoM para avalaMbita hai aura usakA asalI bhAva kyA hai ? isa jAnakArI se abhyAsazIla vidyArthIpaMDita prabhAcandra varNita darzanAntarIya samasta saMkSipta muddoM ko atyanta spaSTatApUrvaka samajha sakeMge aura apanA svataMtra mata bhI bA~dha skeNge| dUsarI dRSTi TippaNiyoM ke viSaya meM yaha rahI hai ki pratyeka mantavya ke tAttvika aura sAhityika itihAsa kI sAmagrI upasthita kI jAya jo tattvajJa aura aitihAsika donoM ke saMzodhana kArya meM Avazyaka hai /
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________________ . nyAyakumudacandra' 467 agara prastuta bhAga ke abhyAsI ukta donoM dRSTiyoM se TippaNiyoM kA upayoga kareMge to ve TippaNiyA~ sabhI digambara-zvetAmbara nyAya-pramANa granthoM ke vAste eka "sI kArya sAdhaka siddha hoNgii| itanA hI nahIM, balki bauddha brAhmaNa paramparA ke dArzanika sAhitya kI aneka aitihAsika gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM bhI kAma deNgii| ... udAharaNArtha- 'dharma' para kI TippaNiyoM ko lIjie / isase yaha vidita ho jAegA ki graMthakAra ne jo jaina sammata dharma ke vividha svarUpa batalAye haiM una sabake mUla AdhAra kyA-kyA haiN| isake sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI mAlUma par3a jAegA ki granthakAra ne dharma ke svarUpa viSayaka jina aneka matAntaroM kA nirdeza va khaNDana kiyA hai ve haraeka matAntara kisa-kisa paramparA ke haiM aura ve usa paramparA ke kinakina granthoM meM kisa taraha pratipAdita haiN| yaha sArI jAnakArI eka saMzodhaka ko bhAratavarSIya dharma viSayaka mantavyoM kA Anakhazikha itihAsa likhane tathA unakI pArasparika tulanA karane kI mahattvapUrNa preraNA kara sakatI hai| yahI bAta aneka choTe-choTe TippaNoM ke viSaya meM kahI jA sakatI hai| prastuta saMskaraNa se digambarIya sAhitya meM nava prakAzana kA jo mArga khulA hotA hai, vaha Age ke sAhitya prakAzana meM patha-pradarzaka bhI ho sakatA hai| rAja.. vArtika, tattvArthazlokavArtika, aSTasahasrI zrAdi aneka utkRSTatara granthoM kA jo apakRSTatara prakAzana huaA hai usake sthAna meM bhAge kaisA honA cAhie, isakA yaha namUnA hai jo mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA meM digambara paMDitoM ke dvArA hI taiyAra hokara prasiddha ho rahA hai| aise TippaNIpUrNa granthoM ke samucita adhyayana adhyApana ke sAtha hI aneka iSTa parivartana zurU hoMge / aneka vidyArthI va paMDita vividha sAhitya ke paricaya ke dvArA sarvasaMgrAhI pustakAlaya nirmANa kI preraNA pA sakeMge, aneka viSayoM ke, aneka granthoM ko dekhane kI ruci paidA kara sakeMge / aMta meM mahattvapUrNa prAcIna granthoM ke asAdhAraNa yogyatAvAle anuvAdoM kI kamI bhI usI preraNA se dUra hogii| saMkSepa meM yoM kahanA cAhie ki digambarIya sAhitya kI viziSTa aura mahatI aAntarika vibhUti sarvopAdeya banAne kA yuga zurU hogaa| . TippaNiyA~ aura unheM jamAne kA krama ThIka hai phira bhI kahIM-kahIM aisI bAta zrA gaI hai jo taTastha vidvAnoM ko akhara sakatI hai| udAharaNArtha--'pramANa' para ke avataraNa saMgraha ko lIjie isake zurU meM likha to yaha diyA gayA hai ki kama-vikasita pramANa-lakSaNa isa prakAra haiN| para phira una pramANa-lakSaNoM kA krama, jamAte samaya kramavikAsa aura aitihAsikatA bhulA dI gaI hai / taTastha vicAraka ko aisA dekhakara yaha kalpanA ho jAne kA saMbhava hai ki jaba avataraNoM kA saMgraha .
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana . sampradAyavAra jamAnA iSTa thA taba kramavikAsa zabda ke prayoga kI kyA jarUrata thI? __ Upara kI sUcanA maiM isaliye karatA hU~ ki zrAyaMdA agara aitihAsika dRSTi se aura kramavikAsa dRSTi se kucha bhI nirUpaNa karanA ho to usake mahattva kI ora vizeSa khyAla rhe| paraMtu aisI mAmUlI aura agaNya kamI ke kAraNa prastuta TippaNiyoM kA mahattva kama nahIM hotaa| aMta meM digambara paraMparA ke sabhI niSNAta aura udAra paMDitoM se merA namra nivedana hai ki ve aba viziSTa zAstrIya adhyavasAya meM lagakara sarvasaMgrAhya, hiMdI anuvAdoM kI bar3I bhArI kamI ko jaldI se jaldI dUra karane meM laga jAe~ aura prastuta kumudacandra ko bhI bhulA dene vAle anya mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA saMskaraNa taiyAra kreN| vidyApriya aura zAstrabhakta digaMbara dhanikoM se merA anurodha hai ki ve aise kAryoM meM paMDita-maMDalI ko adhika se adhika sahayoga deN| nyAya kumudacandra ke chape 402 peja, arthAt mUla mAtra pahalA bhAga mere sAmane hai / kevala usI ko dekhakara maiMne apane vicAra likhe haiN| yadyapi jaina paramparA ke sthAnakavAsI aura zvetAmbara phirakoM ke sAhitya tathA tadviSayaka manovRtti , ke car3hAva-utAra ke saMbaMdha meM bhI kucha kahane yogya hai| isI taraha brAhmaNa paramparA kI sAhitya viSayaka manovRtti ke jude-jude rUpa bhI jAnane yogya haiN| phira bhI maiMne yahA~ sirpha digambara paramparA ko hI lakSya meM rakhakara likhA hai| kyoMki yahA~ vahI prastuta hai aura aise saMkSipta prAkkathana meM adhika carcA kI koI guMjAiza bhI nhiiN| I0 1638] [ nyAyakumudacandra kA prAkathana