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________________ DA0 kanhaiyAlAla sahala adhyakSa hindI vibhAga, bir3alA ArTasa kaoNleja, pilAnI niyati kA svarUpa kAvyaprakAzakAra ne kavi-bhAratI kA jayajayakAra karate hue 'niyatikRtaniyamarahitA' kA prayoga kiyA hai jisase spaSTa hai ki ve niyati' ko niyama-samaSTi athavA niyamana karane vAlI zakti ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM. 'niyati' zabda kA isa taraha kA prayoga vaidika 'Rta' se bahuta-kucha milatA-julatA hai jahA~ Rta ke kAraNa hI saMsAra meM niyama-cakra calatA hai tathA brahmANDa meM vyavasthA dRSTigocara hotI hai.2 / / vaijJAnika adhyayana aura prayogoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa aba yaha tathya adhikAdhika spaSTa hotA jA rahA hai ki yaha vizva kucha aise niyamoM dvArA saMcAlita hai jo akATya aura anullaMghanIya hai. isa vicAradhArA ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti vizvazrRMkhalA kI eka kar3I mAtra hai. saMskRta ke aneka prAcIna graMthoM meM niyati ke svarUpa kI vivecanA kI gaI hai. udAharaNArtha yogavAsiSTha ke nimnalikhita zlokoM ko lIjie yathAsthitaM brahmatattvaM sattA niyatirucyate / sA vineturvineyatvaM sA vineyvineytaa| -prakaraNa 2, sarga 10 zloka 1. zrAdisarge hi niyatirbhAvavaicitryamakSayam / anenetthaM sadA bhAvyamiti saMpadyate param / -prakaraNa 3, sarga 62, zloka 6. mahAsatteti kathitA mahAcitirita smRtaa| mahAzaktiriti khyAtA mahAdRSTiriti sthitA / 10 / mahAkriyeti gaditA mahodbhava iti smRtA / / mahAspanda iti prauDhA mahAtmaikatayoditA // 11 // tRNAnIva jagatyevamiti daityAH surA iti / iti nAgA iti nagA ityAkalpaM kRtA sthitiH / 12 / arthAt sarvatra sama rUpa se sthita jo vyApaka brahma kI sattA hai, usI kA nAma niyati hai, vahI kArya-kAraNa ke niyamya aura niyAmaka rUpa se sthita hai. kAraNa hone para kArya avazya hotA hai aura kArya hone para usakA koI kAraNa avazya hotA hai. isI niyama kA nAma niyati hai. vahI kAraNa Adi kI niyAmakatA hai aura vahI kArya Adi kI niyamyatA bhI hai. sRSTi ke prArambha se hI agni Adi kI uSNatA aura Urdhvajvalana niyati ke kAraNa haiM, para brahma svayaM apane saMkalpa se padArthoM kI vicitratAsahita akSaya niyati kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai. vahI niyati saMpUrNa brahmANDoM kI sthiti, vistAra, 1. niyamyante dharmA anayA iti niytiH| 2. There is no error in the Eternal plan, All kings are working for the final good of man. -Wordsworth 777 amvarerarersmaroseronly merimeniorary.org
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________________ 416 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya sAmarthya, viveka, racanA, janma aura arthakriyAkAritAdi kI hetutA se mahAsattA, mahAciti, mahAzakti, mahAdRSTi, mahAkriyA, mahAudbhava aura mahAspanda, gati ityAdi nAmoM se kahI gaI hai. tRNoM ke samAna saba jagat kA parivartana karatI huIdaitya isa prakAra ke krUra haiM, devatA isa prakAra zAnta haiM, nAga aise haiM, parvata aise jar3a haiM ityAdi rUpa se kalpaparyanta niyati apane rUpa meM sthita rahatI hai. na zakyate laMdhayitumapi rudraadibuddhibhH| -3,62,2. sarvajJo'pi bahujJo'pi mAdhavo'pi, haro'pi ca / anyathA niyati katuna zaktaH kazcideva hi| -5,86,26. sargAdau yA yathArUDhA saMviktacanasaMtatiH / / sA'dyApyacalitA'nyena sthitA niytirucyte| -3,54,22. AmahArudaparyantamidamitthamiti sthiteH / pAtuNapadmajaspandaM niyamAnniyatiH smRtA / -6,37,21. arthAt rudrAdi devatA bhI niyati kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakate. mAdhava aura hara ke samAna sarvajJa aura bahujJa bhI niyati ke niyamoM meM vyatikrama nahIM kara sakate. vartamAna vizva ke prArambha meM niyati kI jaisI kalpanA kI gaI thI, usI rUpa meM vaha Aja bhI acala bhAva se sthita hai. rudra se lekara choTe-se-choTe tRNa paryanta niyati kA hI niyamana-vyApAra sarvatra dikhalAI par3atA hai. isa niyamana ke kAraNa hI ise niyati kahA gayA hai. yogavAsiSTha meM hI niyati kI naTI ke rUpa meM bhI kalpanA kI gaI hai niyatinityamudva gavarjitA primaarjitaa| eSA nRtyati vai nRtyaM jagajjAlakanATakam / -prakaNa 6, sarga 37, zloka 23. arthAt yaha niyati nitya udvegarahita tathA parimAjita rahate hue jagajjAla rUpa nATaka racatI rahatI hai. Rational Mysticism ke lekhaka ne bhI niyati ke prabhutva ko svIkAra kiyA hai- "Individual man can modify the course of nature on the earth in many minor ways; but he can not alter the course of nature as a whole, that is to say, those cosmic happenings which are determind by a higher power, or by higher powers" -(Kingsland) : Rational Mysticism p 354 arthAt bahuta se choTe-moTe rUpoM meM to vyakti prakRti ke kArya-vyApAra meM rUpAntara upasthita kara sakatA hai kintu kula milAkara vaha prakRti kI padyati ko badala nahIM sakatA arthAt vizva kI jo ghaTanAe~ kisI uccatara zakti athavA uccatara zaktiyoM dvArA niyata kara dI jAtI haiM, unameM parivartana upasthita karanA vyakti ke vaza kA roga nahIM. yogavAsiSThakAra ke matAnusAra niyati vizva kI niyAmikA zakti hai, jisake anuzAsana ko akhila bhuvana tathA cara aura acara sabhI svIkAra karate haiM. eka choTI-sI sabhA ke saMcAlana ke liye bhI jaba niyama banAe jAte haiM, taba isa virAT brahmANDa ke liye niyamoM kI kitanI adhika AvazyakatA hai, isakA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai. niyamoM ke abhAva meM sarvatra dhAMdhalI aura avyavasthA phaila jAyagI, karma-vyavasthA ke saMbandha meM veda meM bhI kahA gayA hai 'na kilbiSamatra nAdhAro asti na yanmigaiH samamAna eti , anUnaM nihitaM pAtraM na etat paktAraM pakvaH punarAvizati / ' arthAt karma-vyavasthA meM kisI prakAra kI truTi nahIM ho sakatI. Ama kA bIja DAlane se jamIna meM Ama hI ugatA hai. yaha kAraNa-kAryavidhAna vizva meM sarvatra lAgU hai. yahAM koI AdhAra yA siphAriza bhI nahIM calatI aura na yahI saMbhava hai ki mitroM ke sAtha gati prApta kI jA sake. kisI bhI bAhya kAraNa se hamAre isa karma-phala-pAtra meM koI ghaTA-bar3hI nahIM
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________________ DA0 kanhaiyAlAla sahala ; niyati kA svarUpa : 417 huI. jaisA aura jitanA hamane ise bharA, vaisA aura utanA hI yaha surakSita hai. pakAne vAle ko pakA padArtha phira A milatA hai arthAt karma-phala se chuTakArA nahIM milatA. zaivAgamoM dvArA kiyA gayA niyati kA nirUpaNa bhI isa prasaMga meM ullekhanIya hai. niyati zaivAgama darzana kA eka viziSTa zabda hai jo usa tattva ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai jisake kAraNa pratyeka vastu kI kArikA zakti niyata rahatI hai. 'niyatiniyojanAM dhatte viziSTa kAryamaNDale.' niyati ke kAraNa hI sarasoM ke bIja se sarasoM kA aMkura phUTatA hai aura agni meM kevala jalAne kI zakti hai, niyati ke kAraNa hI pavana meM jala ko Andolita karane kI kSamatA pAI jAtI hai. bahuta se niyativAdiyoM kA to kahanA yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jo ApAtataH Akasmika aura AzcaryamayI ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI huI dikhalAI par3atI haiM, ve vastutaH na Akasmika hotI haiM aura na AzcaryamayI. AkasmikatA aura Azcarya kI sattA to una logoM ke liye hai jo niyati ke rahasya ko hRdayaMgama nahIM kara pAte. niyati yadi vizva kI niyAmikA zakti hai, yadi yaha karma-cakra kI saMcAlikA hai, yadi niyati kI preraNA se hI yaha golaka, karma-cakra kI bhAMti ghUma rahA hai to avazya hI yaha saba kisI vidhAna ke antargata hotA hogA. kintu isake viparIta eka vicAradhArA aisI bhI hai jo bhAgya ko andhA mAna kara calatI hai. yoropIya dezoM ke logoM kA vizvAsa thA ki koI aisI zakti avazya hai jo manuSya ke janma ke samaya hI usake saMpUrNa jIvana kI gatividhi nizcita kara hamezA ke liye usake bhAgya kA nipaTArA kara detI hai. bhAgya, vaha avazyaMbhAvI daivI vidhAna hai jisake anusAra pratyeka padArtha aura vizeSataH manuSya ke saba kArya-unnati, avanati, nAza Adi pahale se hI nizcita rahate haiM aura jisase anyathA kucha ho hI nahIM sakatA. azikSitoM meM se adhikAMza logoM kA yahI vizvAsa rahatA hai ki saMsAra meM jo kucha hotA hai, vaha sadA bhAgya se hI hotA hai aura usa para manuSya kA koI adhikAra nahIM hotA. sAdhAraNata: zarIra meM bhAgya kA sthAna lalATa mAnA jAtA hai. bahuta-se loga yaha mAnate haiM ki chaThI ke dina bhAgya kI devI zizu ke lalATa para bhAgya kA aMkana kara jAtI hai jisameM na rAI ghaTatI hai, na tila bar3hatA hai. sAmAnya logoM kI dRSTi meM bhAgya andhA hai aura usake dvArA niyojita kArya-vyApAra meM kAraNa-kArya kI koI zRMkhalA nahIM dikhalAI par3atI. grIsa deza ke duHkhAnta nATakoM meM bhI kismata kI jo kalpanA kI gaI hai, usake anusAra vaha eka aisI nirapekSa zakti hai jisake anuzAsana ko sabhI svIkAra karate haiM kintu svayaM vaha kisI bhI prakAra ke prAkRtika athavA naitika vidhAna ko mAnakara nahIM calatI. sva0 DaoN0 ansArI kisI rogI kI cikitsA ke silasile meM rela dvArA yAtrA kara rahe the. DaoNkTara sAhaba una mahAbhAgoM meM se the, jo gAMdhIjI kI bhayaMkara-se-bhayaMkara bImArIkI khabara sunate hI mahAtmAjI ko sUcita kiyA karate the ki maiM Apako mRtyu ke mukha se chur3A lAU~gA kintu unhIM DaoNkTara ansArI ko rela ke Dibbe meM hI jaba hRdroga ne A dabAyA to kahane lage-'maiM mRtyu ke pada-cApoM kI nikaTatama AtI huI dhvani ko suna rahA hU~. cAhatA hUM ki kabhI vidhi ke vidhAna meM kucha divasa apane liye aura surakSita karavA lUM kintu koI upAya nahIM, koI cArA nahIM. ve hI DaoNkTara sAhaba, jo kisI dUsare ko mRtyu ke bhISaNa mukha se nikAlane jA rahe the, svayaM karAla kAla ke garbha meM samA gaye. DANTe ke 'inphanoM' tathA 'homara' ke 'IliyaDa' aura 'oDIsI' se lekara Adhunika yuga taka ke lekhakoM ne bhavitavyatA kI prabalatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai. kintu jo bhavitavya hai, vaha kyA pahale se niyata hai? kyA vaha kisI kAraNa-kArya-paramparA kA anusaraNa karatA hai athavA unakA sArA kArya vyApAra andhavat-pravRtta hotA hai ? isa prakAra ke aneka prazna bhavitavyatA ke sambandha meM hamAre mana meM uThe binA nahIM rahate. duniyA ke manISiyoM ne isa viSaya para bhinna-bhinna vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM. cIna kI eka kahAvata meM kahA gayA hai ki bImArI kA ilAja ho jAtA hai, kintu bhAgya kA nahIM. aneka bAra aisA huA hai ki bhAgya se bacane ke liye kisI ne jisa mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA, usI mArga meM vaha apane durbhAgya kA zikAra ho gayA. isa sambandha meM rAbarTa sAUde kA nimnalikhita kathana ullekhya hai AAVAN Jain Edda Patinal Uses www.jaimelibrary.org
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________________ 418 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya -0-0---0-0-0-0--0-0-0 "The poor slaves...must drag the car if Destiny wherever she drives, inexorable and blind jo hamAre bhAgya kI gAr3I calatI hai, vaha yadi andhI ho to phira isa jIvana kA kyA ThikAnA hai. ukta vivecana ko par3ha kara aisA lagatA hai ki yadi isa vizva meM saba kucha pUrvanirdiSTa hai to kyA manuSya kI svatantra icchA zakti ke liye yahA~ koI sthAna nahIM hai ? darzana-zAstra kA yaha eka bar3A jaTila prazna hai jisa para gambhIratA se vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai. DA0 rAdhAkRSNan ne zAyada kahIM kahA thA ki 'svatantraH kartA' kevala pANini kA hI sUtra nahIM, vaha hamAre deza kA dArzanika sUtra bhI hai. prAkRtika jagat kI vastuoM kI bhAMti manuSya vastu nahIM, vaha vastuoM ko apanI icchAnusAra rUpa dene vAlA kartA hai. jaba vaijJAnika kisI vastu kA AviSkAra karatA hai, taba vaha usa vastu se apane ko alaga kara letA hai aura taba usake rahasyodghATana kA prayatna karatA hai. isase spaSTa hai ki jahA~ taka vyakti kA sambandha hai, usameM apanI svatantra icchA-zakti kA tattva sannihita hai. vaha tattva vastu-bAhya athavA Antarika hai. isa tattva kI jaba hama upekSA karane lagate haiM taba hama apane Apa ko mAtra vastu mAna lete haiM. jar3a padArthoM kI bhAMti hama apane Apako yaMtra kA eka purjA samajhane lagate haiM aura usa svatantratA se apane Apako vaMcita kara lete haiM jo hamArA janmasiddha adhikAra hai. manuSya niyati ke adhIna hai athavA karma karane meM svatantra hai, isa prazna kA vedAnta ne spaSTa zabdoM meM uttara diyA hai. vedAnta ke anusAra jaba taka manuSya avidyA ke vazIbhUta rahatA hai, taba taka vaha svatantra nahIM kahA jA sakatA. mokSa athavA svAtantrya, vidyA dvArA hI sambhava hai. jo manuSya icchA tRSNA athavA vAsanAoM kA zikAra hai, vaha svatantra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA. svatantra banane ke lie satata sAdhanA dvArA use Atma-sAkSAtkAra karanA hogA. sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki manuSya kI manuSyatA isa svAtantrya-siddhi meM hI hai kyoMki vahI eka aisA prANI hai jo sAdhanA dvArA Atma-saMskAra kara sakatA hai. per3a-paudhoM, pazu-pakSiyoM tathA jIva-jantuoM meM yaha zakti nahIM ki ve manuSya kI bhAMti apanA saMskAra kara sakeM. ve apanI sahaja vRtti se Upara nahIM uTha sakate. daivavAda tathA svAtantryavAda ke sambandha meM jo vicAra para prakaTa kie gaye haiM, ve hamAre deza kI dArzanika vicAradhArA ke anurUpa haiM kintu vyAvahArikatA kI dRSTi se hamAre jIvana meM daiva tathA pauruSa donoM kA sthAna hai. mAgha kavi ke zabdoM meM "nAlambate daiSTikatAM, nA niSIdati pauruSe / zabdAthauM saskaviriva, dvayaM vidvaanpeksste| -zizupAlavadha, dvitIya sarga, zloka 86. arthAt vidvAn na to kevala deva kA sahArA letA hai aura na pauruSa para hI sthita rahatA hai. jisa prakAra satkavi zabda aura artha donoM kA Azraya grahaNa karatA hai, usI prakAra vidvAn bhI deva aura pauruSa donoM ko jIvana meM Avazyaka samajhatA hai. gItAkAra ne bhI kArya siddhi meM adhikaraNa, kartA, bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke kAraNa tathA vividha ceSTAoM se sAtha 'daivaM caivAtra paMcamam' kaha kara deva kI bhI sattA svIkAra kI hai. eka bAra hamAre pradhAnamantrI paM0 neharU ne niyativAda aura svatantra icchAzakti kA tAratamya batalAte hue likhA thA-'isa vizva meM niyativAda aura svatantra icchA-zakti donoM ke liye sthAna hai. ise eka udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai. brija ke khela meM pratyeka khilAr3I ko jo tAza ke patte milate haiM, usameM khilAr3I kI svatantra-icchA-zakti kA koI hAtha nahIM rahatA kintu unhIM pattoM kI sahAyatA se apane anubhava aura buddhi-kauzala dvArA catura khilAr3I jo khela, khelatA hai usameM usakI svatantra icchA-zakti kA pUrA yoga hai.' eka dUsarA udAharaNa lIjie. pitA ke cunAva meM putra svatantra nahIM hai kintu putra rUpa meM avatarita vyakti apanI svatantra icchA zakti dvArA apane vyaktiva kA samucita vikAsa kara sakatA hai. karNa ke sArathi-putra hone kI bAta kaha kara jaba azvatthAmA ne usake marmasthala para coTa karanI cAhI to karNa ne kahA thA HALALAALAILLAIILLIUMLD wwwwwwwwww wwwwwww wwwwwwwy o, lolololo oldiole i oloil ololololololol Jain E cation Interfatis antes person Orw.jainelibray.org
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________________ -0-0-0-0--0-0-0--0-0 DA0 kanhaiyAlAla sahala : niyati kA svarUpa : 416 sUto vA sUtaputro vA yo vA ko vA bhavAbhyaham , daivAyattaM kule janma, madAyattaM tu pauruSam / karNa kI isa ojamayI ukti meM hI niyati aura svAtantrya kA tattva samAhita hai. maMkhali gozAlaka kA niyativAda isa prasaMga meM makkhali gozAla ke niyativAda kI carcA karanA bhI avAMchanIya na hogI. makkhali, AjIvakoM ke suprasiddha siddhAMta niyativAda ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiM. ve bahuta samaya taka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha rahe kintu phira matabheda ke kAraNa unase pRthak ho gaye. 'bhagavatI sUtra' tathA Avazyaka sUtra' kI cUNi meM donoM ke pArthakya kA vivaraNa upalabdha hai. kahA jAtA hai ki eka dUsare se pRthak hone para ye donoM 16 varSoM taka apane-apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra karate rahe. isa avadhi meM makkhali gozAla kI bhI pratiSThA bar3ha gaI aura zrAvastI meM unake aneka anuyAyI ho gaye. unhoMne apane Apako tIrthaMkara bhI ghoSita kara diyA. vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra se unakA maulika matabheda niyativAda ke sambandha meM hI thA. jahA~ gozAla ekAMta niyativAdI the, vahAM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra anekAntavAda ke samarthaka the. 'zrImadupAsakadazAMgasUtra' kA nimnalikhita prasaMga yahA~ ullekhya haieka dina saddAlaputra 'AjIvikopAsaka' vAyu se kucha sUkhe hue miTTI ke kacce baratanoM ko ghara se bAhara nikAla kara dhUpa meM sukhA rahA thA. usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne usase pUchA : 'he saddAlaputra! ye miTTI ke baratana kisa prakAra banate haiM ? saddAlaputra ne uttara diyA : 'he bhagavan ! prathama ye saba miTTI ke rUpa meM the, usa miTTI ko pAnI meM bhigo kara usameM rAkha aura lIda milAte haiM, pIche bahuta khUda karake usako cAka para car3hAte haiM jisase bahuta se karave. kuMje Adi taiyAra hote haiM. yaha sunakara zramaNa bhagavAn ne phira pUchA : 'saddAlaputrA, esaNaM kolAlabhaMDe ki uTThANeNaM jAva purisakkAraparakkameNaM kajjati udAhu aNuTThANoNaM jAva apurisakkAraparakkameNaM kajjati ?" arthAt he saddAlaputra ! jo ye miTTI ke baratana bane haiM, ye saba utthAna, bala, vIrya aura puruSakAra-parAkrama se bane haiM yA binA utthAna, bala vIrya aura puruSakAra-parA- krama se bane haiM ? isa para saddAlaputra ne uttara diyA, 'bhaMte ! aNuTThANeNaM jAva apurisakkAraparakkameNaM, natthi uTThANe i vA jAva parakkame i vA, niyayA savvabhAvA' arthAt he bhagavan ! vinA utthAna, bala, vIrya aura parAkrama se banate haiM. inake banAne meM utthAna, bala aura parAkrama kI kucha bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kyoMki saba bhAva niyata haiM. isa para zramaNa bhagavAn ne phira pUchA, "saddAlaputtA ! jai NaM tubhaM kei purise vAyAyaM vA pakkelayaM vA kolAlabhaMDaM avaharejjA vA vikkhi rejjA vA bhidejjA vA acchiMdejjA vA pariTThavejjA vA aggimittAe vA bhAriyAe saddhi viulAI bhogabhogAI bhujamANe viharejjA, tassa NaM tumaM purisassa kiM daMDaM vattejAsi ?" arthAta he saddAlaputra ! yadi koI puruSa kacce meM se pake hue tere baratanoM kI corI kara le jAya, bikhera de, pheMka de, cheda karade, phor3a DAle yA bAhara lejAkara chor3a de athavA terI agnimitrA bhAryA ke sAtha aneka prakAra se bhoga, bhoge to tU usa puruSa ko daMDa de athavA nahIM ? yaha sunakara saddAlaputra ne uttara diyA, "bhaMte ! ahaM NaM taM purisaM AosejjA vA harojjA vA baMdhejjA vA mahejjA vA tajjejjA vA tAlejjA vA nicchoDejjA vA nibbhacchejjA vA akAle ceva jIviAo vavarovejjA." arthAt he bhagavan ! maiM usa puruSa para Akroza karUM, daMDAdika se mArUM, rassI se bAMdha laM, tarjanA karUM, tamAcA lagAUM dAma vasUla karake tiraskAra karUM aura usake prANa le lUM. yaha suna kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA, "he saddAlaputra ! tumhAre matAnusAra to utthAna, bala, vIrya aura parAkrama kucha nahIM hai, saba bhAva niyata hI haiM to tere pake hue miTTI ke baratanoM ko corane vAle yA phor3ane vAle tathA tumhArI bhAryA S a rji EKHElis III AWARIYAWADIMANA NASVED IOMAASITI) Ling wikini T IMITTHI. MRTMant||LATINDIANS IIIT NAMITHAIJAATWITTIS110...HINITIATIMIMAmredIT111... Jain Education Intemational
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________________ -0-0-0-0-0--0-0-0-0-0 420 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya se bhoga karane vAle ko tuma kyoM mArate ho jaba ki tumhAre mata se honahAra hokara hI rahatA hai tathA utthAna, bala, vIrya, parAkrama Adi saba vyartha haiM." zramaNa bhagavAn ke ukta zabda suna kara saddAlaputra se kucha uttara dete na banA aura usane pratibodha pAyA. isI prasaMga meM 'upAsakadazAMga sUtra' ke 6The adhyayana meM upalabdha kuMDakolika aura deva kA vivAda bhI uddharaNIya hai. deva ne kahA, utthAna karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra tathA parAkrama vyartha hai kyoMki aneka bAra utthAnAdi karane para bhI kArya siddhi nahIM hotI. kahA bhI hai prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH, so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubhAzubho vA, bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne, nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhaavino'stinaashH| na hi bhavati yanna bhAvyaM bhavati ca bhAvyaM vinA'pi yatnena, karatalagatamapi nazyati yasya tu bhavitavyatA nAsti / -uvAsaga-dasAgro, 6-165 arthAt niyati ke bala para jo kucha bhI zubha athavA azubha hone vAlA hai, vaha hokara hI rahegA. prANI cAhe kitanA bhI bar3A prayatna kyoM na kare, jo kucha nahIM hone vAlA hogA, nahIM hogA, aura isI prakAra, jo hone vAlA hogA, usakA nAza bhI nahIM ho sakegA. jo bhavitavya nahIM hai, nahIM hogA aura jo bhavitavya hai, vaha binA prayatna ke bhI hogA kintu jisa vyakti ke liye usakI bhavitavyatA nahIM, usakI hathelI meM Akara bhI vaha naSTa ho jAyagA. yaha suna kara kuNDakolika zramaNopAsaka ne deva se pUchA : "tumane isa prakAra kI divya devaRddhi, divya devadyuti aura divya deva-prabhAva kisa prakAra prApta kiye ? utthAnAdika se prApta kiye athavA anutthAnAdika se ?" isa para deva ne uttara diyA : "mujhe isa prakAra kI devaRddhi Adi vinA utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra parAkrama kiye prApta huI hai." yaha suna kara kuMDakolika ne kahA : "yadi yahI bAta hai to jo jIva utthAna Adi nahIM karate, ve bhI tere jaisI divya deva-Rddhi kyoM nahIM prApta kara lete? vastuta: tU ne utthAnAdi se hI deva-Rddhi prApta kI hai aura terA kathana mithyA hai." ukta vacana suna kara deva zaMkita ho gayA hai ki gozAla kA mata satya hai yA zramaNa bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra svAmI kA mata satya hai. niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda kA viSaya cirakAla se hI dArzanika kSetra meM vAdavivAda kA viSaya rahA hai. zrI guNaratnasUrikRta 'SaDdarzana samuccayaTIkA' kI prastAvanA meM niyati ke svarUpa kI vivecanA karate hue kahA gayA hai te (niyativAdinaH) hUyevamAhuniyati ma tattvAntaramasti yadazAdete bhAvAH sarve'pi niyatenaiva rUpeNa prAdurbhAvamaznuvate, nAnyathA. tathAhi yad yadA yato bhavati tattadA tata eva niyatenaiva rUpeNa bhavadupalabhyate, anyathA kAryakAraNavyavasthA pratiniyatarUpa vyavasthA ca na bhavet niyAmakAbhAvAt. tata evaM kAryanayatyataH pratIyamAnAmenAM niyati ko nAma pramANapathakuzalo bAdhituM kSamate ? mA prApad (anyathA) anyatrApi pramANapathavyAghAtaprasaMga:. tathA coktam niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti yat, tato niyatijA yete, tatsvarUpAnubedhataH / yadyadaiva yato yAvattattadaiva tatastathA, niyataM jAyate nAnyAt ka enAM bAdhituM kSamaH / ukta udAharaNa se spaSTa hai ki niyativAdI niyati ko kAryakAraNa kI niyAmikA zakti ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM yadi niyati na ho to kAryakAraNa kI vyavasthA hI bhaMga ho jAya. 992 Jain Ede www.inclibrary.org
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________________ DA. kanhaiyAlAla sahala : niyati kA svarUpa : 421 0-0--0--0-0----------- niyativiSayaka yaha dRSTikoNa atyanta vaijJAnika hai jisakI tulanA vaidika 'Rta' tathA pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ke niyatavAda (Deteromiinsm) se kI jA sakatI hai, yahA~ yaha samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki niyati saMbandhI yaha dhAraNA andha bhAgyavAda (Blind fatalism) kI kisI bhI prakAra nahIM hai-jahA~ bhAgya ke devatA ko andhA citrita kiyA gayA hai. babUla kA per3a lagAne se babUla kA per3a hI ugatA hai, anya koI per3a nahIM, isakA kAraNa niyati hI hai, aura kucha nahIM. niyati ke viSaya meM yahI dRSTikoNa kAzmIra zaivAgamoM meM bhI gRhIta huA hai. miTTI se miTTI kA ghar3A hI nirmita hotA hai, svarNa-ghaTa nahIM, isake mUla meM bhI kAryakAraNa kI niyAmikA zakti niyati hI vartamAna hai. makkhali gozAla ke niyativAda kA vAstavika rUpa kyA thA, yaha prazna sahaja hI hamAre mana meM upasthita hotA hai. 'upAsakadazAMga sUtra' meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tathA makkhali gozAla ke anuyAyiyoM meM jisa prakAra kA vArtAlApa huA hai, usase makkhali bhAgyavAdI, (Fatalist) siddha hote haiM, guNaratnasUrI dvArA pratipAdita niyativAda ke mAnane vAle nahIM. yadi makkhali ke anuyAyI guNaratnasUrI dvArA prastuta niyativAda ke mAnane vAle hote to ve zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke praznoM kA bhalI-bhAMti Uttara de sakate the, unheM niruttara hone kI AvazkatA nahIM thI. makkhali gozAla dvArA kiyA huA niyativAda kA svataMtra vivecana yadi upalabdha ho to makkhali ke niyativAda kA yathArtha rUpa samajhane meM bar3I sahAyatA milegI. zrIparazurAma caturvedI ne 'AjIvakoM kA niyativAdI sampradAya' zIrSaka apane eka lekha meM likhate haiM :'chuTa-puTa avataraNoM ke sahAre bhI yaha anumAna karate adhika vilaMba nahIM lagatA ki makkhali gozAla ke niyativAda meM sAratattva kI kamI nahIM hai. unakI mAnyatA kI AdhAra-zilA yaha pratIta hotI hai ki 'niyata' kisI suvyavasthA ke siddhAMta kA eka vyApaka evaM sarvagrAhI niyama hai jo pratyeka kArya evaM pratyeka dRzya ko mUlataH zAsita kiyA karatA hai, jisa kAraNa manuSya ke karma svAtaMtrya ko koI sthAna nahIM aura na usakI kriyAzakti kA hI koI pariNAma saMbhava hai. vAstava meM yaha niyati eka prakAra ke kisI prAkRtika va vizvAtmaka niyama kI pratIka hai jisake kisI na kisI rUpa ko svayaM bhagavAn buddha evaM mahAvIra ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai. unake dvArA upadiSTa karmavAda meM bhI eka sarva vyApaka niyama dRSTigocara hotA hai jo sAre vizva ko niyaMtrita evaM zAsita karatA hai, antara kevala yahI ho sakatA hai ki vahA~ para apavAda kI bhI saMbhAvanA hai, isI prakAra sAMkhya darzana ke pariNAmavAda meM bhI hameM niyativAda ke tatva dIkha par3ate haiM, kintu vahA~ para bhI AjIvakoM kI jaisI kaThoratA kA patA nahIM calatA. niyati kI carcA karate samaya makkhali gozAla kA kathana kucha isa prakAra kA thA ki jisa prakAra koI sUta se bharI rIla pheMkane para barAbara ubharatI calI jAtI hai aura vaha usakI pUrI laMbAI taka eka hI prakAra se bar3hatI jAtI hai, usI prakAra cAhe koI mUrkha ho, cAhe koI paMDita hI kyoM na ho, sabhI ko ThIka eka hI niyama kA anusaraNa kara apane duHkha kA anta karanA hai, makkhali gozAla ke isa niyativAda kI dhAraNA ko unake dakSiNI anuyAyiyoM ne kucha aura bhI vikasita kiyA. unhoMne, kadAcit pakudha kaccAyana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, niyati ko 'avicalitanityatvam' jaisA vizeSaNa athavA nAma diyA jisakA bhAva yaha thA ki vaha sabhI prakAra se aparivartanazIla hai. isa prakAra niyati kA rUpa gatizIla na hokara sarvathA 'nitya sthAyI' (Statie) sA bana jAtA hai jisameM kisI prakAra ke kAla (Time) kI bhI guMjAyaza nahIM rahatI. eka tamila grantha ke anusAra dhana evaM nirdhanatA, pIr3A aura Ananda, kisI eka deza kA nivAsa aura anya dezoM meM bhramaNa-ye sabhI pahale se hI garbha ke bhItara nizcita kara diye gae rahate haiM aura yaha sArA jagat kisI kaThora niyati dvArA zAsita aura paricAlita hai.' makkhali gozAla ke dakSiNI anuyAyiyoM kI vicAradhArA ko yadi eka bAra chor3a deM to ukta uddharaNa ke AdhAra para makkhali usa niyativAda ke samarthaka jAna par3ate haiM jisake anusAra vizva kAryakAraNa ke niyamoM dvArA saMcAlita hai. yaha dRSTikoNa 'upAsakadazAMga sUtra' meM prastuta kiye hue niyativAdI dRSTikoNa se bhinna jAna par3atA hai tathA zrI guNaratnasUri 1. bhAratIya sAhitya (julAI 1958) pR0 26-30 Me Only
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________________ 422 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya ---0-0--0--0-0-0--0-0-0 ke ullekha se mela khAtA hai. makkhali gozAla ke niyativAda kA tAttvika rUpa vastutaH gaveSya hai. 'niyati' deva kA rUpa hai athavA karma kA, yaha prazna vidvAnoM dvArA vicAraNIya hai. devavAdI 'deva' ko hI pratyeka kAryasiddhi kA hetu mAnate haiM kintu jaina dArzanika siddhasena divAkara ne ekAnta kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, pUrvakRtavAda, puruSArthavAda Adi kI alaga-alaga ekAnta mAnyatA ko mithyAvAda kahate hue ina sabake samudAya ko hI kAryasAdhaka mAnA hai kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvakayaM purisakAraNegaMtA / micchattaM te ceva u, samAso hoMti sammataM / / --sanmatitarka prakaraNa tRtIya khaNDa gItAkAra ne bhI kisI bhI karma kI siddhi ke liye adhiSThana, kartA, bhinna-bhinna sAdhana, bhinna-bhinna ceSTAe~ tathA deva-ye pA~ca hetu mAne haiM.' 1. paMcaitAni mahAbAho kAraNAni nibodha me / sAMkhye kRtAnte proktAni siddhaye sarvakarmaNAm / / aghiSThAnaM tathA kartA karaNaM ca pRthagvidham | vividhAzca pRthaka ceSTA daivaM caivAtra paMcamam / / Jain Education Intemational