Niryukti Sahitya Ek Punarchintan

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Vijyanandsuri_Swargarohan_Shatabdi_Granth_012023.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211278/1

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niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana - pro. sAgaramala jaina jisa prakAra vedoM ke zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama nirukta likhe gaye, sambhavata: usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM AgamoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie sarvaprathama niyuktiyAM likhane kA kArya huaa| jaina AgamoM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM likhe gaye granthoM meM niyuktiyAM prAcInatama haiN| Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya mukhya rUpa se nimna pAMca rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai- 1. niyukti 2. bhASya 3. cUrNi 4. saMskRta vRttiyAM evaM TIkAeM aura 5. TabbA arthAt Agamika zabdoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie prAcIna maru-gurjara meM likhA gayA AgamoM kA zabdArtha / inake atirikta samprati Adhunika bhASAoM yathA hindI, gujarAtI evaM aMgrejI meM bhI AgamoM para vyAkhyAeM likhI jA rahI haiN| suprasiddha jarmana vidvAna zArapenTiyara uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI bhUmikA meM niyukti kI paribhASA ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki "niyuktiyAM mukhya rUpa se kevala viSayasUcI kA kAma karatI hai / ve sabhI vistArayukta ghaTanAoM ko saMkSepa meM ullikhita karatI haiN|" anuyogadvArasUtra meM niyuktiyoM ke tIna vibhAga kiye gaye haiM 1. nikSepa-niyukti--isameM nikSepoM ke AdhAra para pAribhASaka zabdoM kA artha spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai| 2. upodghAta-niyukti--isameM Agama meM varNita viSaya kA pUrvabhUmikA ke rUpa meM spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana

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3. sUtrasparzika-niryukti--isameM Agama kI viSaya-vastu kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / pro. ghATake iNDiyana hisTArIkala kvArTaralI khaNDa 12 pR. 270 meM niyuktiyoM ko nimna tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai 1. zuddha-niyuktiyAM jinameM kAla ke prabhAva se kucha bhI mizraNa na huA ho, jaise AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI niyuktiyaaN|| 2. mizrita kintu vyavacchedya-niyuktiyA~ jinameM mUlabhASyoM kA samizraNa ho gayA hai, tathApi ve vyavachedya haiM, jaise dazavaikAlika aura AvazyakasUtra kI niyuktiyAM / 3. bhASya mizrita-niryuktiyA~ ve niyuktiyA~ jo Ajakala bhASya yA bRhadbhASya meM hI samAhita ho gayI haiM aura una donoM ko pRthak-pRthak karanA kaThina hai| jaise nizItha Adi kI niyuktiyaaN| niyuktiyA~ vastuta: Agamika paribhASika zabdoM evaM Agamika viSayoM ke artha ko sunizcita karane kA eka prayatna hai| phira bhI niyuktiyA~ ati saMkSipta haiM, inameM mAtra Agamika zabdoM evaM viSayoM ke artha-saMketa hI haiM, jinheM bhASya aura TIkAoM ke mAdhyama se hI samyak prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai / jaina AgamoM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM jina niyuktiyoM kA praNayana huA, ve mukhyata: prAkRta gAthAoM meM haiM / Avazyakaniyukti meM niyukti zabda kA artha aura niyuktiyoM ke likhane kA prayojana batAte hue kahA gayA hai--"eka zabda ke aneka artha hote haiM, ata: kauna sA artha kisa prasaMga meM upayukta hai, yaha nirNaya karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ke AdhAra para likhita Agamika granthoM meM kauna se zabda kA kyA artha hai, ise spaSTa karanA hI niyukti kA prayojana hai|" dUsare zabdoM meM niyukti jaina paramparA ke pAribhASika zabdoM kA spaSTIkaraNa hai| yahA~ hameM smaraNa rahe ki jaina paramparA meM aneka zabda apane vyutpattiparaka artha meM grahIta na hokara apane pAribhASika artha meM grahIta haiM, jaise--astikAyoM ke prasaMga meM dharma evaM adharma zabda, karma siddhAnta ke saMdarbha meM prayukta karma zabda athavA syAdvAda meM prayukta syAt zabda / AcArAMga meM daMsaNa (darzana) zabda kA jo artha hai, uttarAdhyayana meM usakA vahI artha nahIM hai| darzanAvaraNa meM darzana zabda kA jo artha hotA hai vahI artha darzana moha ke sandarbha meM nahIM hotA hai| ata: Agama granthoM meM zabda ke prasaMgAnusAra artha kA nirdhAraNa karane meM niyuktiyoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyA-zailI kA AdhAra mukhya rUpa se jaina paramparA meM pracalita zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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nikSepa-paddhati rahI hai| jaina paramparA vAkya ke artha kA nizcaya nayoM ke AdhAra para evaM zabda ke artha kA nizcaya nikSepoM ke AdhAra para hotA hai| nikSepa cAra haiM-- nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva / ina cAra nikSepoM ke AdhAra para eka hI zabda ke cAra bhinna artha ho sakate haiM / nikSepa-paddhati meM zabda ke sambhAvita vividha arthoM kA ullekha kara unameM se aprastuta artha kA niSedha karake prastuta artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM Avazyaka- niyukti ke prArambha meM abhinibodha jJAna ke cAra bhedoM ke ullekha ke pazcAt unake arthoM ko spaSTa karate huye kahA gayA hai ki arthoM (padArthoM) kA grahaNa avagraha hai evaM unake sambandha meM cintana IhA hai| isI prakAra niyuktiyoM meM kisI eka zabda ke paryAyavAcI anya zabdoM kA bhI saMkalana kiyA gayA hai, jaise--Abhinibodhika zabda ke paryAya haiM-- IhA, apoha, vimarza, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, saMjJA, smRti, mati evaM prajJA / niryuktiyoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jahAM eka ora ve AgamoM ke mahattvapUrNa * pAribhASika zabdoM ke arthoM ko spaSTa karatI haiM, vahIM AgamoM ke vibhinna adhyayanoM aura uddezakoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa bhI detI haiN| yadyapi isa prakAra kI pravRtti sabhI niryuktiyoM meM nahIM hai, phira bhI unameM AgamoM ke pAribhASika zabdoM ke artha kA tathA unakI viSaya-vastu kA ati saMkSipta paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai / pramukha niryuktiyA~ Avazyaka niryukti meM lekhaka ne jina dasa niryuktiyoM ke likhane kI pratijJA kI thI, ve nimna haiM4 1. Avazyaka-niryukti 2. dazavaikAlika - niryukti 3. uttarAdhyayana-niryukti 4. AcArAMga - niryukti 5. sUtrakRtAMga-niryukti 6. dazAzrutaskaMdha - niryukti 7. bRhatkalpa-niryukti 8. vyavahAra-niryukti 9. sUrya - prajJapti-niryukti niryukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 91

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10. RSibhASita-niryukti vartamAna meM uparyukta dasa meM se ATha hI niryuktiyAM upalabdha haiM, antima do anupalabdha haiM / Aja yaha nizcaya kara pAnA ati kaThina hai ki ye antima do niyuktiyAM likhI bhI gayI yA nahIM ? kyoMki hameM kabhI bhI aisA koI nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA, jisake AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakeM ki kisI kAla meM ye niryuktiyAM rahIM aura bAda meM vilupta ho gayIM / yadyapi maiMne apanI RSibhASita kI bhUmikA' meM yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki vartamAna ' isImaNDalatthU' sambhavataH RSibhASita niryukti kA parivartita rUpa ho, kintu isa sambandha meM nirNayAtmaka rUpa se kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai / ina donoM niyuktiyoM ke sandarbha meM hamAre sAmane tIna vikalpa ho sakate haiM 1. sarvaprathama yadi hama yaha mAneM ki ina dasoM niyuktiyoM ke lekhaka eka hI vyakti haiM aura unhoMne ina niryuktiyoM kI racanA usI krama meM kI hai, jisa krama se inakA ullekha Avazyaka niryukti meM haiM, to aisI sthiti meM yaha sambhava hai ki ve apane jIvana kAla meM ATha niyuktiyoM kI hI racanA kara pAyeM hoM tathA antima do kI racanA nahIM kara pAyeM hoM / 2. dUsare yaha bhI sambhava hai ki granthoM ke mahattva ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue prathama to lekhaka ne yaha pratijJA kara lI ho ki vaha ina dasoM Agama granthoM para niyukti likhegA, kintu jaba usane ina donoM Agama granthoM kA adhyayana kara yaha dekhA ki sUrya - prajJapti meM jaina - AcAra maryAdAoM ke pratikUla kucha ullekha hai aura RSibhASita meM nArada, maMkhaligozAla Adi una vyaktiyoM ke upadeza saMkalita haiM jo jaina paramparA ke lie vivAdAspada haiM, to usane ina para niyukti likhane kA vicAra sthagita kara diyA ho / 3. tIsarI sambhAvanA yaha bhI hai ki unhoMne ina donoM granthoM para niyuktiyA~ likhI hoM kintu inameM bhI vivAdita viSayoM kA ullekha hone se ina niyuktiyoM ko paThana-pAThana se bAhara rakhA gayA ho aura phalata: apanI upekSA ke kAraNa kAlakrama meM ve vilupta ho gayI hoM / yadyapi yahA~ eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki, yadi jaina AcAryoM ne vivAdita hote hue bhI ina donoM granthoM ko saMrakSita karake rakhA to unhoMne inakI niyuktiyoM ko saMrakSita karake kyoM nahIM rakhA ? 4. eka anya vikalpa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra darzanaprabhAvaka grantha ke rUpa meM mAnya govindaniryukti vilupta ho gaI hai, usI prakAra ye niryuktiyAM bhI vilupta ho gaI hoM / niryukti sAhitya meM uparokta dasa niryuktiyoM ke atirikta piNDaniryukti, oghaniryukti evaM ArAdhanAniryukti ko bhI samAviSTa kiyA jAtA hai, kintu inameM se zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha 92

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piNDaniyukti aura oghaniyukti koI svataMtra grantha nahIM hai| piNDaniyukti dazavaikAlika niyukti kA eka bhAga hai aura oghaniyukti bhI Avazyaka niyukti kA eka aMza hai / ata: ina donoM ko svatantra niyukti grantha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi vartamAna meM ye donoM niyuktiyAM apane mUla grantha se alaga hokara svatantra rUpa se hI upalabdha hotI haiN| AcArya malayagiri ne piNDaniyukti ko dazavaikAlikaniyukti kA hI eka vibhAga mAnA hai, unake anusAra dazavaikAlika ke piNDaiSaNA nAmaka pAMcaveM adhyayana para vizada niyukti hone se usako vahAM se pRthaka karake piNDaniyukti ke nAma se eka svatantra grantha banA diyA gayA / malayagiri spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki jahA~ dazavaikAlika niyukti meM lekhaka ne namaskArapUrvaka prArambha kiyA, vahI piNDaniyukti meM aisA nahIM hai, ata: piNDaniyukti svataMtra grantha nahIM hai| dazavaikAlikaniyukti tathA Avazyakaniyukti se inheM bahuta pahale hI alaga kara diyA gayA thaa| jahAM taka ArAdhanAniyukti kA prazna hai, zvetAmbara sAhitya meM to kahIM bhI isakA ullekha nahIM hai| pro. eena. upAdhye ne bRhatkathAkoza kI apanI prastAvanA (pR. 31) meM mUlAcAra kI eka gAthA kI vasunandI kI TIkA ke AdhAra para isa niyukti kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu ArAdhanAniyukti kI unakI yaha kalpanA yathArtha nahIM hai / mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra vasunandI svayaM evaM pro. eena. upAdhye jI mUlAcAra kI usa gAthA ke artha ko samyak prakAra se samajha nahIM pAye haiN| vaha gAthA nimnAnusAra hai "ArAhaNa Nijjuti maraNavibhattI ya sNghtthudio| paccakkhANAvasaya dhammakahAo ya eriso|" (mUlAcAra, paMcacAradhikAra, 279) arthAt ArAdhanA, niyukti, maraNavibhakti, saMgrahaNIsUtra, stuti (vIrastuti), pratyAkhyAna (mahApratyAkhyAna, AturapratyAkhyAna), AvazyakasUtra, dharmakathA tathA aise anya granthoM kA adhyayana asvAdhyAya kAla meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / vastuta: mUlAcAra kI isa gAthA ke anusAra ArAdhanA evaM niyukti ye alaga-alaga svatantra grantha haiN| isameM ArAdhanA se tAtparya ArAdhanA nAmaka prakIrNaka athavA bhagavatI-ArAdhanA se tathA niyukti se tAtparya Avazyaka Adi sabhI niyuktiyoM se hai| ata: ArAdhanAniyukti nAmaka niyukti kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai| isa niyukti ke astitva kI koI sUcanA anyatra bhI nahIM milatI hai aura na yaha grantha hI upalabdha hotA hai| ina dasa niyuktiyoM ke atirikta Arya govinda kI govindaniyukti kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 93

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kintu yaha bhI niyukti vartamAna meM anupalabdha hai| inakA ullekha nandIsUtra', vyavahAra-bhASya, AvazyakacUrNideg evaM nizIthacUrNi1 meM milatA hai / isa niyukti kI viSaya vastu mukhya rUpa se ekendriya arthAt pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati Adi meM jIvana kI siddhi karanA thaa| ise govinda nAmaka AcArya ne banAyA thA aura unake nAma ke AdhAra para hI isakA nAmakaraNa huA hai| kathAnakoM ke anusAra ye bauddha paramparA se Akara jaina paramparA meM dIkSita hue the| merI dRSTi meM yaha niyukti AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana aura dazavaikAlika ke caturtha SaT-jIva nikAya nAmaka adhyayana se sambandhita rahI hogI aura isakA uddezya bauddhoM ke viruddha pRthvI, pAnI Adi meM jIvana kI siddhi karanA rahA hogaa| yahI kAraNa hai isakI gaNanA darzana prabhAvaka grantha meM kI gayI hai| saMjJI-zruta ke sandarbha meM isakA ullekha bhI yahI batAtA hai|12 . isI prakAra saMsakta niyukti nAmaka eka aura niyukti kA ullekha milatA hai| isameM 84 AgamoM ke sambandha meM ullekha hai| isameM mAtra 94 gAthAe~ haiN| 84 AgamoM kA ullekha hone se vidvAnoM ne ise paryApta paravartI evaM visaMgata racanA mAnA hai / ata: ise prAcIna niyukti sAhitya meM parigaNita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vartamAna niyuktiyAM dasa niyuktiyoM meM samAhita ho jAtI haiM / inake atirikta anya kisI niyukti nAmaka grantha kI jAnakArI hameM nahIM dasa niyuktiyoM kA racanA krama : yadyapi dasoM niyuktiyAM eka hI vyakti kI racanAyeM haiN| phira bhI inakI racanA eka krama meM huI hogii| Avazyakaniyukti meM jisa krama se ina dasa niyuktiyoM kA nAmollekha hai usI krama se unakI racanA huI hogI, vidvAnoM ke isa kathana kI puSTi nimna pramANoM se hotI hai 1. Avazyakaniyukti kI racanA sarvaprathama huI hai, yaha tathya svata: siddha hai, kyoMki isI niyukti meM sarvaprathama dasa niyuktiyoM kI racanA karane kI pratijJA kI gayI hai aura usameM bhI Avazyaka kA nAmollekha sarvaprathama huA hai|5 puna: Avazyakaniyukti se nihnavavAda se sambandhita sabhI gAthAeM (gAthA 778 se 784 taka) uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM (gAthA 164 se 178 taka) meM lI gayI hai| isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki Avazyakaniyukti ke bAda hI uttarAdhyayananiyukti Adi anya niyuktiyoM kI racanA huI hai| Avazyakaniyukti ke bAda sabase pahale dazavaikAlikaniyukti kI racanA huI hai aura usake bAda pratijJAgAthA ke kramAnusAra anya niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI gii| isa kathana kI puSTi Age diye gaye uttarAdhyayananiyukti ke 94 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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sandarbho se hotI hai| 2. uttarAdhyayananiyukti gAthA 29 meM 'vinaya' kI vyAkhyA karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai--'viNao pubuddiTThA' arthAt vinaya ke sambandha meM hama pahale kaha cuke haiN|18 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayananiyukti kI racanA se pUrva kisI aisI niyukti kI racanA ho cukI thI, jisameM vinaya sambandI vivecana thA / yaha bAta dazavaikAlika niyukti ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtI hai, kyoMki dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM vinaya samAdhi nAmaka naveM adhyayana kI niyukti (gAthA 309 se 326 taka) meM 'vinaya' zabda kI vyAkhyA hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayananiyukti (gAthA 207) meM 'kAmApubuddiTThA' kahakara yaha sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki kAma ke viSaya meM pahale vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| yaha vivecana bhI hameM dazavaikAlikaniyukti kI gAthA 161 se 163 taka meM mila jAtA hai|21 uparokta donoM sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki uttarAdhyayananiyukti dazavaikAlikaniyukti ke bAda hI likhI gyii|| 3. Avazyakaniyukti ke bAda dazavaikAlikaniyukti aura phira uttarAdhyayananiyukti kI racanA huI, yaha to pUrva carcA se siddha ho cukA hai| ina tInoM niyuktiyoM kI racanA ke pazcAt AcArAMganiyukti kI racanA huI hai, kyoMki AcArAMga niyukti kI gAthA 5 meM kahA gayA hai'AyAre aMgammi ya puvvuddiTTha caukkayaM nikkhevo' AcAra aura aMga ke nikSepoM kA vivecana pahale ho cukA hai|22 dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM dazavaikAlikasUtra ke kSullakAcAra adhyayana kI niyukti (gAthA 79-88) meM 'AcAra' zabda ke artha kA vivecana22 tathA uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke tRtIya 'caturaMga' adhyayana kI niyukti karate hue gAthA 143-144 meM 'aMga' zabda kA vivecana kiyA hai| ata: yaha siddha hotA hai ki Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika evaM uttarAdhyayana ke pazcAt hI AcArAMganiyukti kA krama hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga kI caturtha vimukticUlikA kI niyukti meM vimukti zabda kI niyukti karate hue gAthA 331 meM likhA hai ki 'mokSa' zabda kI niyukti ke anusAra hI 'vimukti' zabda kI niyukti bhI samajhanA caahie|24 cUMki uttarAdhyayana ke aTThAvIsaveM adhyayana kI niyukti (gAthA 497-98) meM mokSa zabda kI niyukti kI jA cukI thii|5 ata: isase yahI siddha huA ki AcArAMganiyukti kA krama uttarAdhyayana ke pazcAt hai| Avazyakaniyukti, dazavaikAlikaniyukti, uttarAdhyayananiyukti evaM AcArAMganiyukti ke pazcAt sUtrakRtAMganiyukti kA krama AtA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi isa AdhAra para bhI hotI hai ki sUtrakRtAMganiyukti kI gAthA 99 meM yaha ullikhita hai ki 'dharma' zabda ke nikSepoM kA vivecana pUrva niyukti sAhitya : eka panarcintana

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meM ho cukA hai (dhammopuvvuddiTTho) / 26 dazavaikAlikaniryukti meM dazavaikAlikasUtra kI prathama gAthA kA vivecana karate samaya dharma zabda ke nikSepoM kA vivecana huA hai / 27 ise yaha siddha hotA hai ki sUtrakRtAMganiryukti, dazavaikAlikaniryukti ke bAda nirmita huI hai| isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMganiryukta kI gAthA 127 meM kahA hai ' gaMthopuvvuddiTTho' / hama dekhate haiM ki uttarAdhyayananiyukti gAthA 267-268 meM grantha zabda ke nikSepoM kA bhI kathana huA hai / 29 isase sUtrakRtAMganiryukti bhI dazavaikAlikaniryukti evaM uttarAdhyayananiyukti se paravartI hI siddha hotI hai / 28 4. uparyukta pAMca niryuktiyoM ke yathAkrama se nirmita hone ke pazcAt hI tIna cheda sUtroM yathaH-- dazAzrutaskaMdha, bRhatkalpa evaM vyavahAra para niyuktiyAM bhI unake ullekha krama se hI likhIM gayIM haiM, kyoMki dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti ke prArambha meM hI prAcInagotrIya sakala zruta ke jJAtA aura dazAzrutaskaMdha, bRhatkalpa evaM vyavahAra ke racayitA bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM bhI ina tInoM granthoM kA ullekha usI krama se hai jisa krama se niryukti- lekhana kI pratijJA meM hai / 30 ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina tInoM granthoM kI niyuktiyAM isI krama meM likhI gayI hoNgii| uparyukta ATha niryuktiyoM kI racanA ke pazcAt hI sUryaprajJapti evaM isi bhAsiyAI kI niyukti kI racanA honI thii| ina donoM granthoM para niyuktiyAM likhI bhI gayIM yA nahIM, Aja yaha nirNaya karanA atyanta kaThina hai, kyoMki pUrvokta pratijJA gAthA ke atirikta hameM ina niyuktiyoM ke sandarbha meM kahIM bhI koI bhI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai / ata: ina niyuktiyoM kI racanA honA saMdigdha hI hai| yA to ina niyuktiyoM ke lekhana kA krama Ane se pUrva hI niyuktikAra kA svargavAsa ho cukA hogA yA phira ina donoM granthoM meM kucha vivAdita prasaMgoM kA ullekha hone se niyuktikAra ne inakI racanA karane kA nirNaya hI sthagita kara diyA hogA / I ata: sambhAvanA yahI hai ki ye dono niryuktiyAM likhI hI nahIM gaI, cAhe inake nahIM likhe jAne ke kAraNa kucha bhI rahe hoM / pratijJAgAthA ke atirikta sUtrakRtAMganiryukti gAthA 189 meM RSibhASita kA nAma avazya AyA hai / 31 vahAM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jisa-jisa siddhAnta yA mata meM jisa kisI artha kA nizcaya karanA hotA hai usameM pUrva kahA gayA artha hI mAnya hotA hai, jaise ki--RSibhASita meM / kintu yaha ullekha RSibhASita mUla grantha ke sambandha meM hI sUcanA detA hai na ki usakI niyukti ke sambandha meM / niryukti ke lekhaka aura racanA - kAla : niryuktiyoM ke lekhaka kauna haiM aura unakA racanA kAla kyA hai ye donoM prazna eka-dUsare se jur3e hue haiN| ata: hama una para alaga-alaga vicAra na karake eka sAtha hI vicAra kareMge / 96 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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paramparAgata rUpa se antima zrutakevalI, caturdazapUrvadhara tathA chedasUtroM ke racayitA Arya bhadrabAhu prathama ko hI niryuktiyoM kA karttA mAnA jAtA hai| muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne atyanta parizrama dvArA zruta- kevalI bhadrabAhu ko niyuktiyoM ke karttA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane vAle nimna sAkSyoM ko saMkalita karake prastuta kiyA hai / jinheM hama yahAM avikala rUpa se de rahe haiM32sudharmasvAmiprabhRtayaH yAvadasya bhagavato niryuktikArasya 1. "anuyogadAyinaH bhadrabAhusvAminazcaturdazapUrvadharasyAcAryo'tastAn sarvAniti // " --- - AcArAMgasUtra, zIlADkAcArya kRta TIkA-patra 4. 2. " na ca keSAMcidihodAharaNAnAM niyuktikAlAdarvAkkAlAbhAvitA ityanyoktatvamAzaGkanIyam sa hi bhagavAMzcaturdazapUrvavit zrutakevalI kAlatrayaviSayaM vastu pazyatyeveti kathamanyakRtatvAzaDkA ? iti / " uttarAdhyayanasUtra zAntisUrikRtA pAiyaTIkA-patra 139. 3. "guNAdhikasya vandanaM karttavyam na tvadhamasya, yata uktam- " guNAhie vaMdaNayaM " / bhadrabAhusvAminazcaturdazapUrvadharatvAd dazapUrvadharAdInAM ca nyUnatvAt kiM teSAM namaskAramasau karoti ? iti / atrocyate - guNAdhikA eva te, avyavacchittiguNAdhikyAt, ato na doSa iti / " oghaniryukti droNAcAryakRtazTIkA-patra 3. 4. " iha caraNakaraNakriyAkalApatarumUlakalpaM tAvadarthatastIrthakaraiH sAmAyikAdiSaDadhyayanAtmakazrutaskandharUpamAvazyakaM sUtratastu gaNadharairviracitam / asaya cAtIva gambhIrArthatAM sakalasAdhu -- zrAvakavargasya nityopayogitAM ca vijJAya caturdazapUrvareNa zrImadbhadrabAhunaitadvayAkhyAnarUpA" AbhiNibohiyanANaM." ityAdiprasiddhagrantharUpA niryuktiH kRtA / " vizeSAvazyaka maladhArihemacandrasUrikRta TIkA-patra 1. 5. " sAdhUnAmanugrahAya caturdazapUrvadhareNa bhagavatA bhadrabAhusvAminA kalpasUtraM vyavahArasUtraM cAkAri, ubhayorapi ca sUtrasparzikAniryuktiH / " bRhatkalpapIThikA malayagirikRta TIkA-patra 2. 6. iha zrImadAvazyakAdisiddhAntapratibaddhaniryuktizAstrasaMsUtraNasUtradhAraH zrIbhadrabAhusvAmI kalpanAmadheyamadhyayanaM niryuktiyuktaM niryUDhavAn / bRhatkalpapIThikA zrIkSemakIrtisUrianusandhitA TIkA-patra 177 / ina samasta sandarbhoM ko dekhane se spaSTa hotA hai ki zruta- kevalI caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu prathama ko niyuktiyoM ke karttA ke rUpa meM mAnya karane vAlA prAcInatama sandarbha AryazIlAMka kA hai / AryazIlAMka kA samaya lagabhaga vikrama saMvat kI 9vIM - 10vIM sadI mAnA jAtA hai / jina anya AcAryoM ne niryuktikAra ke rUpa meM bhadrabAhu prathama ko mAnA hai, unameM AryadroNa, maladhArI niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 97

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hemacandra, malayagiri, zAntisUri tathA kSemakIrti sUri ke nAma pramukha haiM, kintu ye sabhI AcArya vikrama kI dasavIM sadI ke pazcAt hue haiN| ata: inakA kathana bahuta adhika pramANika nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne jo kucha bhI likhA hai, vaha mAtra anuzrutiyoM ke AdhAra para likhA hai| durbhAgya se 8-9vIM sadI ke pazcAt caturdaza pUrvadhara zruta-kevalI bhadrabAhu aura vArAhamihira ke bhAI naimittika bhadrabAhu ke kathAnaka, nAmasAmya ke kAraNa eka-dUsare meM ghula-mila gaye aura dUsare bhadrabAhu kI racanAyeM bhI prathama ke nAma car3hA dI gaI / yahI kAraNa rahA ki naimittika bhadrabAhu ko bhI prAcInagotrIya zruta-kevalI caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA hai aura donoM ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke isa ghAla-mela se aneka anuzrutiyAM pracalita ho gii| inhIM anuzrutiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa niyukti ke kartA ke rUpa meM caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu kI anuzruti pracalita ho gyii| yadyapi muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne bRhatkalpa-sUtra (niyukti, laghu bhASya vRtyUpetam) ke SaSTha vibhAga ke Amukha meM yaha likhA hai ki niyuktikAra sthavira Arya bhadrabAhu hai, isa mAnyatA ko puSTa karane vAlA eka pramANa jinabhadra gaNikSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI svopajJa TIkA meM bhI milatA hai|33 yadyapi unhoMne vahAM usa pramANa kA sandarbha sahita ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| maiM isa saMdarbha ko khojane kA prayatna kara rahA hUM, kintu usake mila jAne para bhI hama kevala itanA hI kaha sakeMge ki vikrama kI lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI se niyuktikAra prAcInagotrIya caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu haiM, aisI anuzruti pracalita ho gayI thii| niyuktikAra prAcInagotrIya caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu hai athavA naimittika (vArAhamihira ke bhAI) bhadrabAhu haiM, yaha donoM hI prazna vivAdAspada haiN| jaisA ki hamane saMketa kiyA hai niyuktiyoM ko prAcInagotrIya caturdaza pUrvadhara Arya bhadrabAhu kI mAnane kI paramparA AryazIlAMka se yA usake pUrva jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa se prArambha huI hai| kintu unake ina ullekhoM meM kitanI pramANikatA hai yaha vicAraNIya hai, kyoMki niyuktiyoM meM hI aise aneka pramANa upasthita haiM, jinase niyuktikAra pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu haiM, isa mAnyatA meM bAdhA utpanna hotI hai / isa sambandha meM munizrI puNyavijayajI ne atyanta parizrama dvArA ve saba sandarbha prastuta kiye haiM, jo niyuktikAra pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu haiM, isa mAnyatA ke virodha meM jAte haiM / hama unakI sthApanAoM ke hArda ko hI hindI bhASA meM rUpAntarita kara nimna paMktiyoM meM prastuta kara rahe haiM 1. Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthA 764 se 776 taka meM vajrasvAmI ke vidyAguru AryasiMhagiri, AryavajrasvAmI, toSaliputra, AryarakSita, Arya phalgumitra, sthavira bhadragupta jaise AcAryoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai34 / ye sabhI AcArya caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu se paravartI haiM aura toSaliputra ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI kA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM hai| yadi niyuktiyAM 98 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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caturdaza pUrvadhara AryabhadrabAhu kI kRti hotI to unameM ina nAmoM ke ullekha sambhava nahIM the| 2. isI prakAra piNDaniyukti kI gAthA 498 meM pAdaliptAcArya kA evaM gAthA 503 se 505 meM vajrasvAmI ke mAmA samitasUri26 kA ullekha hai sAtha hI brahmadIpakazAkhA kA ullekha bhI hai--ye tathya yahI siddha karate haiM ki piNDaniyukti bhI caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcInagotrIya bhadrabAhu kI kRti nahIM hai, kyoMki pAdaliptasUri, samitasUri tathA brahmadIpakazAkhA kI utpatti ye sabhI prAcInagotrIya bhadrabAhu se paravartI haiN| 3. uttarAdhyayananiyukti kI gAthA 120 meM kAlakAcArya38 kI kathA kA saMketa hai| kAlakAcArya bhI prAcInagotrIya pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu se lagabhaga tIna sau varSa pazcAt hue haiM / 4. oghaniyukti kI prathama gAthA meM caturdaza pUrvadhara, daza pUrvadhara evaM ekAdaza-aMgoM ke jJAtAoM ko sAmAnya rUpa se namaskAra kiyA gayA hai39, aisA droNAcArya ne apanI TIkA meM sUcita kiyA hai| yadyapi muni zrI puNyavijaya jI sAmAnya kathana kI dRSTi se ise asaMbhAvita nahIM mAnate haiM, kyoMki Aja bhI AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM muni namaskAramaMtra meM apane se choTe pada aura vyaktiyoM ko namaskAra karate haiN| kintu merI dRSTi meM koI bhI caturdaza pUrvadhara dasapUrvadhara ko namaskAra kare, yaha ucita nahIM lagatA / puna: Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthA 769 meM dasa pUrvadhara vajrasvAmI ko nAma lekara jo vaMdana kiyA gayA hai, vaha to kisI bhI sthiti meM ucita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| 5. puna: Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthA 763 se 774 meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki ziSyoM kI smaraNa zakti ke hrAsa ko dekhakara Arya rakSita ne, vajrasvAmI ke kAla taka jo Agama anuyogoM meM vibhAjita nahIM the, unheM anuyogoM meM vibhAjita kiyaa|42 yaha kathana bhI eka paravartI ghaTanA ko sUcita karatA hai| isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki niyuktiyoM ke kartA caturdazapUrvadhara prAcInagotrIya bhadrabAhu nahIM haiM, apitu AryarakSita ke pazcAt hone vAle koI bhadrabAhu hai| 6. dazavaikAlikaniyukti kI gAthA 4 evaM oghaniyukti kI gAthA 2 meM caraNakaraNAnuyoga kI niyukti kahU~gA aisA ullekha hai| yaha bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai ki niyukti kI racanA anuyogoM ke vibhAjana ke bAda arthAt AryarakSita ke pazcAt huI hai| 7. Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthA 778-783 meM tathA uttarAdhyayana niyukti kI gAthA 164 se 178 taka meM 7 nihnavoM aura AThaveM boTika mata kI utpatti kA ullekha huA hai| antima sAtavAM nihnava vIranirvANa saMvat 584 meM tathA boTika mata kI utpatti vIranirvANa saMvat niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana

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609 meM huI / ye ghaTanAeM caturdazapUrvadhara prAcInagotrIya bhadrabAhu ke lagabhaga cAra sau varSa pazcAt huI hai| ata: unake dvArA racitaniyukti meM inakA ullekha honA sambhava nahIM lagatA hai| vaise merI dRSTi meM boTika mata kI utpatti kA kathana niyuktikAra kA nahIM hai--niyukti meM sAta nihnavoM kA hI ullekha hai| nihnavoM ke kAla evaM sthAna sambandhI gAthAeM bhASya gAthAeM hai--jo bAda meM niyukti meM mila gaI haiN| kintu niryuktiyoM meM sAta nihnavoM kA ullekha honA bhI isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki niyuktiyAM prAcInagotrIyapUrvadhara bhadrabAhu kI kRtiyAM nahIM haiN| 8. sUtrakRtAMganiyukti kI gAthA 146 meM dravya-nikSepa ke sambandha meM ekabhavika, baddhAyuSya aura abhimukhita nAma-gotra aise tIna AdezoM kA ullekha huA hai| ye vibhinna mAnyatAeM bhadrabAhu ke kAphI pazcAt Arya suhasti, Arya maMkSu Adi paravartI AcAryoM ke kAla meM nirmita huI hai| ata: ina mAnyatAoM ke ullekha se bhI niyuktiyoM ke kartA caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcInagotrIya bhadrabAhu hai, yaha mAnane meM bAdhA AtI hai| . munijI puNyavijayajI ne uttarAdhyayana ke TIkAkAra zAntyAcArya, jo niyuktikAra ke rUpa meM caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ko mAnate haiM, kI isa mAnyatA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki niyuktikAra trikAlajJAnI hai / ata: unake dvArA paravartI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha honA asambhava nahIM hai|" yahAM muni puNyavijayajI kahate haiM ki hama zAntyAcArya kI yaha bAta svIkAra kara bhI leM, to bhI niyuktiyoM meM nAmapUrvaka vajrasvAmI ko namaskAra Adi kisI bhI dRSTi se yukti saMgata nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ve likhate haiM ki yadi uparyukta ghaTanAeM ghaTita hone ke pUrva hI niyuktiyoM meM ullikhita kara dI gayIM hoM to bhI amuka mAnyatA amuka puruSa dvArA sthApita huI yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai| puna: jina dasa Agama granthoM para niyukti likhane kA ullekha Avazyaka niyukti meM hai, usase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhadrabAhu ke samaya AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi ativistRta evaM paripUrNa the / aisI sthiti meM una AgamoM para likhI gayI niyukti bhI ativizAla evaM cAroM anuyogamaya honA caahie| isake virodha meM yadi niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu the, aisI mAnyatA rakhane vAle vidvAn yaha kahate haiM ki niyuktikAra to bhadrabAhu hI the aura ve niyuktiyA~ bhI ativizAla thIM, kintu bAda meM sthavira AryarakSita ne apane ziSya puSyamitra kI vismRti evaM bhaviSya meM hone vAle ziSyoM kI maMda-buddhi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jisa prakAra AgamoM ke anuyogoM ko pRthak kiyA, usI prakAra niyuktiyoM ko bhI vyavasthita evaM saMkSipta kiyaa| isake pratyuttara meM muni zrI puNyavijayajI kA kathana hai ki prathama to yaha ki AryarakSita dvArA anuyogoM ke pRthak karane kI bAta to kahI jAtI 100 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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hai, kintu niyuktiyoM ko vyavasthita karane kA eka bhI ullekha nahIM hai / skaMdila Adi ne vibhinna vAcanAoM meM AgamoM ko hI vyavasthita kiyA, niyuktiyoM ko nhiiN|50 dUsare upalabdha niyuktiyAM una aMga-AgamoM para nahIM hai jo bhadrabAhu prathama ke yuga meM the| paramparAgata mAnyatA ke anusAra AryarakSita ke yuga meM bhI AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga utane hI vizAla the, jitane bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM the| aisI sthiti meM cAhe eka hI anuyoga kA anusaraNa karake niyuktiyAM likhI gayI hoM, unakI viSayavastu to vizAla honI cAhie thii| jabaki jo bhI niyuktiyAM upalabdha haiM ve sabhI mAthurIvAcanA dvArA yA valabhI vAcanA dvArA nirdhArita pATha vAle AgamoM kA hI anusaraNa kara rahI hai / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki anuyogoM kA pRthakkaraNa karate samaya AryarakSita ne niyuktiyoM ko bhI puna: vyavasthita kiyA aura unameM aneka gAthAyeM prakSipta bhI kI, to prazna hotA hai ki phira unameM goSThAmAhila aura boTika mata kI utpatti sambandhI vivaraNa kaise Aye, kyoMki ina donoM kI utpatti AryarakSita ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt hI huI hai| yadyapi isa sandarbha meM merA munizrI se matabheda hai| mere adhyayana kI dRSTi se sapta nihnavoM ke ullekha vAlI gAthAeM to mUla gAthAeM haiM, kintu unameM boTika mata ke utpatti sthala rathavIrapura evaM utpattikAla vIra ni.saM.609 kA ullekha karane vAlI gAthAyeM bAda meM prakSipta haiM / ve niyukti kI gAthAeM na hokara bhASya kI haiM, kyoMki jahAM nihnavoM evaM unake matoM kA ullekha hai vahAM sarvatra sAta kA hI nAma AyA hai| jabaki unake utpattisthala evaM kAla ko sUcita karane vAlI ina do gAthAoM meM yaha saMkhyA ATha ho gyii|51 Azcarya yaha hai ki Avazyakaniyukti meM boTikoM kI utpatti kI kahIM koI carcA nahIM hai, aura yadi boTikamata ke prastotA evaM unake mantavya kA ullekha mUla Avazyakaniyukti meM nahIM hai, to phira unake utpatti-sthala evaM utpatti kAla kA ullekha niyukti meM kaise ho sakatA hai? vastuta: bhASya kI aneka gAthAyeM niyuktiyoM meM mila gaI hai| ata: ye nagara evaM kAla sUcaka gAthAeM bhASya kI honI cAhiye / yadyapi uttarAdhyayananiyukti ke tRtIya adhyayana kI niyukti ke anta meM inhIM sapta nihnavoM kA ullekha hone ke bAda anta meM eka gAthA meM zivabhUti kA rathavIrapura nagara ke dIpaka udyAna meM AryakRSNa se vivAda hone ke ullekha haiN|52 kintu na to isameM vivAda ke svarUpa kI carcA hai aura na koI anya bAta, jabaki usake pUrva pratyeka nihnava ke mantavya kA Avazyakaniyukti kI apekSA vistRta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / ata: merI dRSTi meM yaha gAthA bhI prakSipta hai| yaha gAthA vaisI hI hai jaisI ki Avazyaka mUlabhASya meM pAyI jAtI hai| puna: vahAM yaha gAthA bahuta adhika prAsaMgika bhI nahIM kahI jA sktii| mujhe spaSTa rUpa se lagatA hai ki uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM bhI nihnavoM kI carcA ke bAda yaha gAthA prakSipta kI niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 101

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gayI hai| __ yaha mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM lagatA ki caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM racita niyuktiyoM ko sarvaprathama AryarakSita ke kAla meM vyavasthita kiyA gayA aura puna: unheM paravartI AcAryoM ne apane yuga kI Agamika vAcanA ke anusAra vyavasthita kiyA / Azcarya taba aura adhika bar3ha jAtA hai ki isa saba parivartana ke viruddha bhI koI svara ubharane kI kahIM koI sUcanA nahIM hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki AgamoM meM jaba bhI kucha parivartana karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA to usake viruddha svara ubhare haiM aura unheM ullikhita bhI kiyA gyaa| uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM usake 'akAmamaraNIya' nAmaka adhyayana kI niyukti meM nimna gAthA prApta hotI hai "sabve e e dArA maraNavibhattIe vaNNiA kmso| sagalaNiuNe payatthe jiNa caudasa pubvi bhAsaMti" // 232 // (jJAtavya hai ki munipuNyavijayajI ne ise gAthA 233 likhA hai| kintu niyuktisaMgraha meM isa gAthA kA krama 232 hI hai / ) isa gAthA meM kahA gayA hai ki maraNavibhakti meM ina sabhI dvAroM kA anukrama se varNana kiyA gayA hai, padArthoM ko sampUrNa rUpa se to jina athavA caturdazapUrvadhara hI jAna sakate haiN| yadi niyuktikAra caturdazapUrvadhara hote to ve isa prakAra nahIM likhate / zAntyAcArya ne svayaM ise do AdhAroM para vyAkhyAyita kiyaa| prathama caturdaza pUrvadharoM meM Apasa meM arthajJAna kI apekSA se kamI-adhikatA hotI hai, isI dRSTi se yaha kahA gayA ho ki padArthoM kA sampUrNa svarUpa to caturdaza pUrvI hI batA sakate haiM athavA dvAra gAthA se lekara Age kI ye sabhI gAthAeM bhASya gAthAeM hoM / 53 yadyapi muni puNyavijaya jI inheM bhASya gAthAeM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| cAhe ye gAthAeM bhASya-gAthA hoM yA na ho kintu merI dRSTi meM zAntyAcArya ne niyuktiyoM meM bhASya gAthA milI hone kI jo kalpanA kI hai, vaha pUrNatayA asaMgata nahIM hai| puna: jaisA pUrva meM sUcita kiyA jA cukA hai, sUtrakRtAMga ke puNDarIka adhyayana kI niyukti meM puNDarIka zabda kI niyukti karate samaya usake dravya nikSepa se ekabhavika, baddhAyuSya aura abhimukhita nAma-gotra aise tIna AdezoM kA niyuktikAra ne svayaM hI saMgraha kiyA hai / 54 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya (prathamavibhAga, pR. 44-45) meM ye tInoM Adeza Aryasuhasti, Arya maMgU evaM Aryasamudra kI mAnyatAoM ke rUpa meM ullikhita haiM / 55 itanA to nizcita hai ki ye tInoM AcArya pUrvadhara prAcInagotra bhadrabAhu (prathama) se paravartI hai aura unake matoM kA saMgraha pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu dvArA 102 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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sambhava nahIM hai| dazAzrutaskaMdha kI niyukti ke prArambha meM nimna gAthA dI gayI hai "vaMdAmibhaddabAhuM pAINaM carimasayalasuyanANiM / suttassa kAragamisiM dasAsu kappe ya vavahAre // " isameM sakalazrutajJAnI prAcInagotrIya bhadrabAhu kA na kevala vaMdana kiyA gayA hai, apitu unheM dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpa evaM vyavahAra kA racayitA bhI kahA hai , yadi niyuktiyoM ke lekhaka pUrvadhara zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hote to, ve svayaM hI apane ko kaise namaskAra karate? isa gAthA ko hama prakSipta yA bhASya gAthA bhI nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki prathama to yaha grantha kI prArambhika maMgala gAthA hai, dUsare cUrNikAra ne svayaM isako niyuktigAthA ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki niyuktikAra caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcInagotrIya bhadrabAhu nahIM ho skte| isa samasta carcA ke anta meM muni jI isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki paramparAgata dRSTi se dazAzrutaskaMdha, kalpasUtra, vyavahArasUtra evaM nizItha ye cAra chedasUtra, Avazyaka Adi dasa niyuktiyAM, uvasaggahara evaM bhadrabAhu saMhitA ye sabhI caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcInagotrIya bhadrabAhu svAmI kI kRti mAne jAte haiM, kintu inameM se 4 cheda sUtroM ke racayitA to caturdaza pUrvadhara Arya bhadrabAhu hI hai| zeSa dasa niyuktiyoM, uvasaggahara evaM bhadrabAhu saMhitA ke racayitA anya koI bhadrabAhu hone cAhie aura sambhavata: ye anya koI nahIM, apitu vArAhasaMhitA ke racayitA vArAhamihira ke bhAI, maMtravidyA ke pAragAmI naimittika bhadrabAhu hI honA caahie|15 munizrI puNyavijayajI ne niyuktiyoM ke kartA naimittika bhadrabAhu hI the, yaha kalpanA nimna tarkoM ke AdhAra para kI hai'6 1. Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthA 1252 se 1270 taka meM gaMdharva nAgadatta kA kathAnaka AyA hai| isameM nAgadatta ke dvArA sarpa ke viSa utArane kI kriyA kA varNana hai|57 uvasaggahara (upasargahara) meM bhI sarpa ke viSa utArane kI carcA hai / ata: donoM ke kartA eka hI haiM aura ve maMtra-taMtra meM AsthA rakhate the| 2. puna: naimittika bhadrabAhu kI niyuktiyoM ke kartA hone cAhie isakA eka AdhAra yaha bhI hai ki unhoMne apanI pratijJAgAthA meM sUryaprajJapti para niyukti likhane kI pratijJA kI thii|58 aisA sAhasa koI jyotiSa kA vidvAna hI kara sakatA thaa| isake atirikta AcArAMganiyukti meM to spaSTa rUpa se nimitta vidyA kA nirdeza bhI huA hai|59 ata: munizrI puNyavijayajI niyukti ke kartA ke rUpa meM naimittika bhadrabAhu ko svIkAra karate haiN| niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 103

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yadi hama niyuktikAra ke rUpa meM naimittaka bhadrabAhu ko svIkAra karate haiM to hameM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki niyuktiyAM vikrama kI chaThIM sadI kI racanAeM haiM, kyoMki vArAhamihira ne apane grantha ke anta meM zaka saMvat 427 arthAt vikrama saMvat 568 kA ullekha kiyA hai|60 naimittika bhadrabAhu vArAhamihira ke bhAI the, ata: ve unake samakAlIna hai| aisI sthiti meM yahI mAnanA hogA ki niyuktiyoM kA racanAkAla bhI vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI kA uttarArddha hai| yadi hama uparyukta AdhAroM para niyuktiyoM ko vikrama kI chaThIM sadI meM hue naimittika bhadrabAhu kI kRti mAnatehaiM, to bhI hamAre sAmane kucha prazna upasthita hote haiM 1. sarvaprathama to yaha ki pAkSika sUtra evaM nandIsUtra meM niyuktiyoM ke astitva kA spaSTa ullekha hai"sa sutte saatthe sagaMthe sanijjutie sasaMgahaNie" --(pAkSikasUtra, pR.80) "saMkhejjAo nijjutIo saMkhejjA saMgahaNINao" -(nandIsUtra, sUtra saM. 46) itanA nizcita hai ki ye donoM grantha vikrama kI chaThavIM sadI ke pUrva nirmita ho cuke the| yadi niyuktiyAM chaThI sadI uttarArddha kI racanA hai to phira vikrama kI pAMcavI zatI ke uttarArddha yA chaThI zatI ke pUrvArddha ke granthoM meM chaThI sadI ke uttarArddha meM racita niyuktiyoM kA ullekha kaise saMbhava hai? isa sambandha meM munizrI puNyavijaya jI ne tarka diyA hai ki nandIsUtra meM jo niyuktiyoM kA ullekha hai, vaha govinda-niyukti Adi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hogaa|61 yaha satya hai ki govindaniyukti eka prAcIna racanA hai kyoMki nizIthacUrNi meM govindaniyukti ke ullekha ke sAtha-sAtha govindaniyukti kI utpatti kI kathA bhI dI gaI hai|62 govindaniyukti ke racayitA vahI Aryagovinda hone cAhie jinakA ullekha nandIsUtra meM anuyogadvAra ke jJAtA ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| sthavirAvalI ke anusAra ye Arya skaMdila kI cauthI pIr3hI meM haiN|63 ata: inakA kAla vikrama kI pAMcavIM sadI nizcita hotA hai / ata: muni zrIpuNyavijaya jI isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki pAkSikasUtra evaM nandIsUtra meM niyukti kA jo ullekha hai vaha Arya govinda kI niyukti ko lakSya meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra muni jI dasoM niyuktiyoM ke racayitA ke rUpa meM naimitti bhadrabAhu ko hI svIkAra karate haiM aura nandIsUtra athavA pAkSikasUtra meM jo niyukti kA ullekha hai use ve govindaniyukti kA mAnate haiM / hama muni zrI puNyavijayajI kI isa bAta se pUrNata: sahamata nahIM ho sakate haiM, kyoMki zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha 104

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uparokta dasa niyuktiyoM kI racanA se pUrva cAhe Aryagovinda kI niyukti astitva meM ho, kintu nandIsUtra evaM pAkSika sUtra meM niyukti sambandhI ullekha haiM, ve AcArAMga Adi Agama granthoM kI niyukti ke sambandha meM haiM, jabaki govindaniyukti kisI Agama grantha para niyukti nahIM hai| usake sambandha meM nizIthacUrNi Adi meM jo ullekha haiM ve sabhI use darzanaprabhAvaka grantha aura ekendriya meM jIva kI siddhi karane vAlA grantha batalAte haiN|64 ata: unakI yaha mAnyatA ki nandIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtra meM niyukti ke jo ullekha haiM, ve govindaniyukti ke saMdarbha meM haiM, samucita nahIM hai| vastuta: nandIsUtra evaM pAkSikasUtra meM jo niyuktiyoM ke ullekha haiM ve Agama granthoM kI niyuktiyoM ke haiN| ata: yaha mAnanA hogA ki nandI evaM pAkSikasUtra kI racanA ke pUrva arthAt pAMcavI zatI ke pUrNa AgamoM para niyukti likhI jA cukI thii| 2. dUsare ina dasa niyuktiyoM meM aura bhI aise tathya haiM jinase inheM vArAhamihira ke bhAI evaM naimittika bhadrabAhu (vikrama saMvat 566) kI racanA mAnane meM zaMkA hotI hai / Avazyakaniyukti kI sAmAyikaniyukti meM jo nihnavoM ke utpatti sthala evaM utpattikAla sambandhI gAthAyeM haiM evaM uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM uttarAdhyayana ke tIsare adhyayana kI niyukti meM jo zivabhUti kA ullekha hai, ve prakSipta haiN| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, jo ki isa niyukti para eka prAmANika racanA hai, meM 167 gAthA taka kI hI cUrNi dI gayI hai| nihnavoM ke sandarbha meM antima cUrNa 'jeTThA sudaMsaNa' nAmaka 167vIM gAthA kI hai| usake Age nihnavoM ke vaktavya ko sAmayikaniyukti (Avazyakaniyukti) ke AdhAra para jAna lenA cAhie aisA nirdeza hai|65 jJAtavya hai ki sAmAyikaniyukti meM boTikoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| hama yaha bhI batA cuke haiM ki usa niyukti meM jo boTika mata ke utpattikAla evaM sthala kA ullekha hai, vaha prakSipta hai evaM ve bhASya gAthAeM haiN| uttarAdhyayanacUrNi meM eka saMketa yaha bhI milatA hai ki usameM nihnavoM kI kAlasUcaka gAthAoM ko niyuktigAthAeM na kahakara AkhyAnaka saMgrahaNI kI gAthA kahA gayA hai|66 isase mere usa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai ki Avazyakaniyukti meM jo nihnavoM ke utpattinagara evaM utpattikAla sUcaka gAthAeM hai ve mUla meM niyukti kI gAthAeM nahIM haiM, apitu saMgrahaNI athavA bhASya se usameM prakSipta kI gayI haiN| kyoki ina gAthAoM meM unake utpatti nagaroM evaM utpatti-samaya donoM kI saMkhyA ATha-ATha hai| isa prakAra inameM boTikoM ke utpattinagara aura samaya kA bhI ullekha hai-Azcarya yaha hai ki ye gAthAeM sapta nihnavoM kI carcA ke bAda dI gaI-jabaki boTikoM kI utpatti kA ullekha to isake bhI bAda meM aura mAtra eka gAthA meM hai| ata: ye gAthAeM kisI bhI sthiti meM niyukti kI gAthAyeM nahIM mAnI jA sakatI haiN| niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 105

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puna: yadi hama boTika nihnava sambandhI gAthAoM ko bhI niyukti gAthAeM mAna bhI leM to bhI niyukti ke racanAkAla kI apara sImA ko vIranirvANa saMvat 610 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatI ke pUrvArdha se Age nahIM le jAyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki isake bAda ke koI ullekha hameM niyuktiyoM meM nahIM mile / yadi niyukti naimittika bhadrabAhu (vikrama kI chaThI sadI uttarArddha) kI racanAeM hotI to unameM vikrama kI tIsarI sadI se lekara chaThI sadI ke bIca ke kisI na kisI AcArya evaM ghaTanA kA ullekha bhI, cAhe saMketa rUpa meM hI kyoM na ho, avazya hotA / anya kucha nahIM to mAthurI evaM valabhI vAcanA ke ullekha to avazya hI hote, kyoMki naimittika bhadrabAhu to unake bAda hI hue haiN| valabhI vAcanA ke Ayojaka devarddhigaNi ke to ve kaniSTha samakAlika hai, ata: yadi ve niyukti ke kartA hote to valabhI vAcanA kA ullekha niyuktiyoM meM avazya karate / 3. yadi niyuktiyAM naimittika bhadrabAhu (chaThavIM sadI- uttarArddha) kI kRti hotI to usameM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA avazya hI pAI jaatii| chaThIM sadI ke uttarArddha meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA vikasita ho gaI thI aura usa kAla meM likhI gaI kRtiyoM meM prAya: guNasthAna kA ullekha milatA hai kintu jahAM taka mujhe jJAta hai, niyuktiyoM meM guNasthAna sambandhI avadhAraNA kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai / Avazyakaniyukti kI jina do gAthAoM meM caudaha guNasthAnoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai, ve mUlata: niyukti gAthAeM nahIM haiN| Avazyaka mUla pATha meM caudaha bhUtagrAmoM (jIva-jAtiyoM) kA hI ullekha hai, guNasthAnoM kA nahIM / ata: niyukti to bhUtagrAmoM kI hI likhI gayI / bhUtagrAmoM ke vivaraNa ke bAda do gAthAoM meM caudaha guNasthAnoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM / yadyapi yahAM guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai| ye donoM gAthAeM prakSipta haiM, kyoMki haribhadra (AThavIM sadI) ne Avazyakaniyukti kI TIkA meM 'adhunAmumaiva guNasthAnadvAreNa darzayannAha saMgrahaNikAra' kahakara ina donoM gAthoM ko saMgrahaNI gAthA ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai|68 ata: guNasthAna siddhAnta ke sthira hone ke pazcAt saMgrahaNI kI ye gAthAeM niyukti meM DAla dI gaI haiN| niyuktiyoM meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kI anupasthiti isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki unakI racanA tIsarI-cauthI zatI ke pUrva huI thii| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki niyuktiyAM naimittika bhadrabAhu kI racanA nahIM hai| 4. sAtha hI hama dekhate haiM ki AcArAMganiyukti meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI unhIM dasa avasthAoM kA vivecana hai69 jo hameM tattvArthasUtra meM bhI milatI hai aura jinase Age calakara guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA vikasita huI hai| tattvArthasUtra tathA AcArAMganiyukti donoM hI vikasita guNasthAna siddhAnta ke sambandha meM sarvathA mauna haiM, jisase yaha phalita hotA hai ki 106 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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niyuktiyoM kA racanAkAla tattvArthasUtra ke sama-sAmayika (arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI-cauthI sadI) hai| ata: ve chaThI zatI ke uttarArdha meM hone vAle naimittika bhadrabAhu kI racanA to kisI sthiti meM nahIM ho sktiiN| yadi ve unakI kRtiyAM hotI to unameM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina dasa avasthAoM ke citraNa ke sthAna para caudaha guNasthAnoM kA bhI citraNa hotA hai| 5. niyukti gAthAoM kA niyukti gAthA ke rUpa meM mUlAcAra meM ullekha tathA asvAdhyAya kAla meM bhI unake adhyayana kA nirdeza yahI siddha karatA hai ki niyuktiyoM kA astitva mUlAcAra kI racanA aura yApanIya sampradAya ke astitva meM Ane ke pUrva kA thaa| yaha sunizcita hai ki yApanIya sampradAya 5vIM sadI ke anta taka astitva meM A gayA thaa| ata: niyuktiyAM 5vIM sadI se pUrva kI racanA honI cAhie--aisI sthiti meM bhI ve naimittika bhadrabAhu (vi.6vIM sadI uttarArddha) kI kRti nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| puna: niyukti kA ullekha AcArya kundakunda ne bhI Avazyaka zabda kI niyukti karate hue niyamasAra gAthA 142 meM kiyA hai / 72 Azcarya yaha hai ki yaha gAthA mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka nAmaka adhikAra meM bhI yathAvat milatI hai| isameM Avazyaka zabda kI niyukti zabda kI niyukti kI gaI hai / isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki niyuktiyAM kama se kama mUlAcAra aura niyamasAra kI racanA ke pUrva arthAt chaThI zatI ke pUrva astitva meM A gaI thii| 6. niyuktiyoM ke kartA naimittika bhadrabAhu nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki AcArya mallavAdI (lagabhaga cauthI pAMcavIM zatI) ne apane grantha nayacakra meM niyuktigAthA kA uddharaNa diyA hai niyukti lakSaNAmAha--"vatthUNaM saMkamaNaM hoti avatthU Naye samabhiruDhe / " isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki valabhI vAcanA ke pUrva niyuktiyoM kI racanA ho cukI thii| ata: unake racayitA naimittika bhadrabAhu na hokara yA to kAzyapagotrIya Aryabhadragupta hai yA phira gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra 7. puna: valabhI vAcanA ke AgamoM ke gadyabhAga meM niyuktiyoM aura saMgrahaNI kI aneka gAthAeM milatI haiM, jaise jJAtAdharma kathA meM mallI adhyayana meM jo tIrthaMkara-nAma-karma-bandha sambandhI 20 boloM kI gAthA hai, vaha mUlata: Avazyakaniyukti (179-181) kI gAthA hai / isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki valabhI vAcanA ke samaya niyuktiyoM aura saMgrahaNIyasUtroM se aneka gAthAyeM AgamoM meM DAlI gaI hai| ata: niyuktiyAM aura saMgrahaNiyAM valabhI vAcanA ke pUrva haiM ata: ve naimittika bhadrabAhu ke sthAna para lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthI zatI ke kisI anya bhadra nAmaka AcArya kI kRtiyAM haiN| niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 107

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8. niyuktiyoM kI sattA valabhI vAcanA ke pUrva thI, tabhI to nandIsUtra meM AgamoM kI niyuktiyoM kA ullekha hai / puna: agastyasiMha kI dazavaikAlikacUrNi ke upalabdha evaM prakAzita ho jAne para yaha bAta puSTa ho jAtI hai ki Agamika vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM niyuktiyAM valabhI vAcanA ke pUrva likhI jAne lagI thii| isa cUrNi meM prathama adhyayana kI dazavaikAlikaniyukti kI 54 gAthAoM kI bhI cUrNi kI gaI hai / yaha cUrNi vikrama kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI meM racI gaI thii| isase yaha tathya siddha ho jAtA hai ki niyuktiyAM bhI lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthI zatI kI racanA hai| jJAtavya hai ki niyuktiyoM meM bhI paravartI kAla meM paryApta rUpa se prakSepa huA hai, kyoMki agastyasiMha cUrNi meM dazavaikAlika ke prathama adhyayana kI cUrNi meM mAtra 54 niyukti gAthoM kI cUrNi huI hai, jabaki vartamAna meM dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM prathama adhyayana kI niyukti meM 151 gAthAeM hai / ata: niyuktiyAM Aryabhadragupta yA gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra kI racanAyeM haiN| isa sambandha meM eka Apatti yaha uThAI jA sakatI hai ki niyuktiyAM valabhI vAcanA ke AgamapAThoM ke anurUpa kyoM hai? isakA prathama uttara to yaha hai ki niyuktiyoM kA Agama pAThoM se utanA sambandha nahIM hai, jitanA unakI viSayavastu se hai aura yaha satya hai ki vibhinna vAcanAoM meM cAhe kucha pATha-bheda rahe hoM kintu viSayavastu to vahI rahI hai aura niyuktiyAM mAtra viSayavastu kA vivaraNa detI hai| puna: niyuktiyAM mAtra prAcIna stara ke aura bahuta kucha aparivartita rahe AgamoM para hai, sabhI Agama granthoM para nahIM hai aura ina prAcIna stara ke AgamoM kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa to pahale hI ho cukA thaa| mAthurIvAcanA yA valabhI vAcanA meM unameM bahuta adhika parivartana nahIM huA hai| Aja jo niyuktiyAM haiM ve mAtra AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, Avazyaka, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, dazAzrutaskandha vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa para hai ye sabhI grantha vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM prAcIna stara ke haiM aura inake svarUpa meM bahuta adhika parivartana nahIM huA hai| ata: valabhIvAcanA se samarUpatA ke AdhAra para niyuktiyoM ko usase paravartI mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| ___ uparyukta samagra carcA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki niyuktiyoM ke kartA na to cartudaza pUrvadhara Arya bhadrabAhu hai aura na vArAhamihira ke bhAI naimittika bhadrabAhu / yaha bhI sunizcita hai ki niyuktiyoM kI racanA chedasUtroM kI racanA ke pazcAt huI hai| kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki niyuktiyoM kA astitva AgamoM kI devarddhi ke samaya huI vAcanA ke pUrva thaa| ata: yaha avadhAraNA bhI bhrAnta hai ki niyuktiyAM vikrama kI chaThavIM sadI ke uttarArddha meM nirmita huI haiN| nandIsUtra evaM pAkSikasUtra kI racanA ke pUrva Agamika niyuktiyAM avazya thii| aba yaha prazna uThatA hai ki yadi niyuktiyoM ke kartA zruta-kevalI pUrvadhara prAcInagotrIya 108 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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bhadrabAhu tathA vArAhamihira ke bhAI naimittika bhadrabAhu donoM hI nahIM the, to phira ve kauna se bhadrabAhu haiM jinakA nAma niyukti ke kartA ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| niyukti ke rUpa meM bhadrabAhu kI anuzruti jur3I hone se itanA to nizcita hai ki niyuktiyoM kA sambandha kisI "bhadra" nAmaka vyakti se honA cAhie aura unakA astitva lagabhaga vikrama kI tIsarI-cauthI sadI ke Asa-pAsa honA caahie| kyoMki niyamasAra meM Avazyaka kI niyukti, mUlAcAra meM niyuktiyoM ke asvAdhyAya kAla meM bhI par3hane kA nirdeza tathA usameM aura bhagavatIArAdhanA meM niyuktiyoM kI anekoM gAthAoM kI niyukti-gAthA ke ullekha pUrvaka upasthiti, yahI siddha karatI hai ki niyukti ke kartA usa avibhakta paramparA ke hone cAhie, jisase zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya sampradAyoM kA vikAsa huA hai| kalpasUtra sthivirAvalI meM jo AcArya paramparA prApta hotI hai, usameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA meM prAcInagotrIya zruta-kevalI bhadrabAhu ke atirikta do anya 'bhadra' nAmaka AcAryoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai--1. Arya zivabhUti ke ziSya kAzyapagotrIya Aryabhadra aura 2. Arya kAlaka ke ziSya gautamagotrIya aarybhdr| ___saMkSepa meM kalpasUtra kI yaha AcArya paramparA isa prakAra hai mahAvIra, gautama, sudharmA, jambU, prabhava, zayyambhava, yazobhadra, saMbhUti vijaya, bhadrabAhu (cartudazapUrvadhara), sthUlibhadra (jJAtavya hai ki bhadrabAhu evaM sthUlibhadra donoM hI saMbhUti vijaya ke ziSya the), Arya suhasti, susthita, indradinna, Aryadinna, AryasiMhagiri, Aryavajra, Arya vajrasena, Aryaratha, Arya puSyagiri, Arya phalgumitra, Arya dhanagiri, AryazivabhUti, Aryabhadra (kAzyapagotrIya), AryakRSNa, AryanakSatra, AryarakSita, AryanAga, Arya jyeSThila, AryaviSNu, AryakAlaka, AryasaMpAlita, Aryabhadra (gautamagotrIya) AryavRddha, Arya saMghapAlita, AryahastI, Aryadharma, AryasiMha, Aryadharma, SAMDilya (sambhavata: skaMdila, jo mAthurI vAcanA ke vAcanA pramukha the) Adi / gAthAbaddha jo sthavirAvalI hai usameM isake bAda jambU, nandila, duSyagaNi, sthiragupta, kumAradharma evaM devarddhikSapakazramaNa ke pAMca nAma aura Ate haiN|73 / / jJAtavya hai ki naimittika bhadrabAhu kA nAma jo vikrama kI chaThI zatI ke uttarArdha meM hue haiM, isa sUcI me sammilita nahIM ho sakatA hai / kyoMki yaha sUcI vIra nirvANa saM. 980 arthAt vikrama saM. 510 meM apanA antima rUpa le cukI thii| isa sthavirAvalI ke AdhAra para hameM jaina paramparA meM vikrama kI chaThI zatI ke pUrvArdha taka hone vAle bhadra nAmaka tIna AcArya ke nAma milate haiM--prathama prAcInagotrIya Arya bhadrabAhu, dUsare Arya zivabhUti ke ziSya kAzyapagotrIya Arya bhadragupta, tIsare Arya viSNu ke praziSya aura niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 109

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AryakAlaka ke ziSya gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra / inameM varAhamihira ke bhrAtA naimittika bhadrabAhu ko jor3ane para yaha saMkhyA cAra ho jAtI hai| inameM se prathama evaM antima ko to niyuktikartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, isa niSkarSa para hama pahuMca cuke haiN| aba zeSa do rahate haiM--1. zivabhUti ke ziSya Aryabhadragupta aura dUsare AryakAlaka ke ziSya Aryabhadra / inameM pahale hama Arya dhanagiri ke praziSya evaM Arya zivabhUti ke ziSya Aryabhadragupta ke sambandha meM vicAra kareMge ki kyA ve niyuktiyoM ke kartA ho sakate haiM? ___kyA Aryabhadragupta niyuktiyoM ke kartA haiM ? niyuktiyoM ko zivabhUti ke ziSya kAzyapagotrIya bhadragupta kI racanA mAnane ke pakSa meM hama nimna tarka de sakate haiM 1. niyuktiyAM uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha se vikasita zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya donoM sampradAyoM meM mAnya rahI haiM, kyoMki yApanIya grantha mUlAcAra meM na kevala zatAdhika niyukti gAthAeM uddhRta haiM, apitu usameM asvAdhyAya kAla meM niyuktiyoM ke adhyayana karane kA nirdeza bhI hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki niyuktiyoM kI racanA mUlAcAra se pUrva ho cukI thii|74 yadi mUlAcAra ko chaThI sadI kI racanA bhI mAneM to usake pUrva niyuktiyoM kA astitva to mAnanA hI hogA, sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki niyuktiyAM mUlarUpa meM avibhakta dhArA meM nirmita huI thiiN| cUMki paramparA bheda to zivabhUti ke pazcAt unake ziSyoM kauDinya aura koTTavIra se huA hai| ata: niyuktiyAM zivabhUti ke ziSya bhadragupta kI racanA mAnI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki ve na kevala avibhakta dhArA meM hue, apitu lagabhaga usIkAla meM arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatI meM hue haiM, jo ki niyukti kA racanA kAla hai| 2. puna: AcArya bhadragupta ko uttara-bhArata kI acela paramparA kA pUrvapuruSa do-tIna AdhAroM para mAnA jA sakatA hai| prathama to kalpasUtra kI paTTAvalI ke anusAra Aryabhadragupta AryazivabhUti ke ziSya haiM aura ye zivabhUti vahIM haiM jinakA AryakRSNa se muni kI upadhi (vastra-pAtra) ke prazna para vivAda huA thA aura jinhoMne acelatA kA pakSa liyA thA / kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM Arya kRSNa aura Aryabhadra donoM ko Arya zivabhUti kA ziSya kahA hai| cUMki Aryabhadra hI aise vyakti haiM jinheM Aryavajra evaM AryarakSita ke zikSaka ke rUpa meM zvetAmbaroM meM aura zivabhUti ke ziSya ke rUpa meM yApanIya paramparA meM mAnyatA milI hai| puna: AryazivabhUti ke ziSya hone ke kAraNa Aryabhadra bhI acelatA ke pakSadhara hoMge aura isalie unakI kRtiyAM yApanIya paramparA meM mAnya rahI hoNgii| 110 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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3. vidizA se jo eka abhilekha prApta huA hai usameM bhadrAnvaya evaM Aryakula kA ullekha hai zamadamavAna cIkarat (1) AcArya - bhadrAnvayabhUSaNasya ziSyo hysaavaarykulodgtsy(|) AcArya - goza ___ (jai.zi.saM. 2, pR. 57) sambhAvanA yahI hai ki bhadrAnvaya evaM Aryakula kA vikAsa inhIM Arya bhadra se huA ho| yahAM ke anya abhilekhoM meM muni kA 'pANitalabhojI' aisA vizeSaNa hone se yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai yaha kendra acela dhArA kA thaa| apane pUrvaja AcArya bhadra kI kRtiyAM hone ke kAraNa niyuktiyAM yApanIyoM meM bhI mAnya rahI hoNgii| oghaniyukti yA piNDaniyukti meM bhI jo ki paravartI evaM vikasita haiM, do cAra prasaMgoM ke atirikta kahIM bhI vastra-pAtra kA vizeSa ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yaha isa tathya kA bhI sUcaka hai ki niyuktiyoM ke kAla taka vastra-pAtra Adi kA samarthana usa rUpa meM nahIM kiyA jAtA thA, jisa rUpa meM paravartI zvetAmbara sampradAya meM huaa| vastra-pAtra ke sambandha meM niyukti kI mAnyatA bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra se adhika dUra nahIM hai| AcArAMganiyukti meM AcArAMga ke vastraiSaNA adhyayana kI niyukti kevala eka gAthA meM samApta ho gayI hai aura pAtraiSaNA para koI niyukti gAthA hI nahIM hai / ata: vastra-pAtra ke sambandha meM niyuktiyoM ke kartA Arya bhadra kI sthiti bhI mathurA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke aMkana se adhika bhinna nahIM hai / ata: niyuktikAra ke rUpa meM Arya bhadragupta ko svIkAra karane meM niyuktiyoM meM vastra-pAtra ke ullekha adhika bAdhaka nahIM hai / 4. cUMki Aryabhadra ke niryApaka AryarakSita mAne jAte haiM / niyukti aura cUrNi donoM se hI yaha siddha hai AryarakSita bhI acelatA ke hI pakSadhara the aura unhoMne apane pitA ko, jo prArambha meM acela dIkSA grahaNa karanA nahIM cAhate the, yojanApUrvaka acela banA hI diyA thA / cUrNi meM jo kaTIpaTTaka kI bAta hai, vaha to zvetAmbara pakSa kI puSTi hetu DAlI gayI pratIta hotI hai| __ bhadragupta ko niyukti kA kartA mAnane ke sambandha meM nimna kaThinAiyAM haiM : 1. Avazyakaniyukti evaM AvazyakacUrNi ke ullekhoM ke anusAra AryarakSita bhadragupta ke niryApaka (samAdhimaraNa karAne vAle) mAne gaye / Avazyakaniyukti na kevala AryarakSita kI vistAra se carcA karatI hai, apitu unakA AdarapUrvaka smaraNa bhI karatI hai / bhadragupta AryarakSita se dIkSA meM jyeSTha haiM, aisI sthiti meM unake dvArA racita niyuktiyoM meM AryarakSita kA ullekha itane vistAra se evaM itane AdarapUrvaka nahIM AnA cAhie / yadyapi paravartI ullekha ekamata se yaha mAnate niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 111

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haiM ki Aryabhadragupta kI niryApanA AryarakSita ne karavAyI, kintu mUla gAthA ko dekhane para isa mAnyatA ke bAre meM kisI ko sandeha bhI ho sakatA hai, mUla gAthA nimnAnusAra hai-- "nijjavaNa bhaddagutte vIsuM paDhaNaM ca tassa puvvagayaM / pavvAvio ya bhAyA rakkhiakhamaNehiM jaNao a" "1 - Avazyakaniryukti, 776 yahAM "nijjavaNa bhaddagutte " meM yadi " bhaddagutte" ko ArSa prayoga mAnakara koI prathamA vibhakti meM samajheM to isa gAthA ke prathama do caraNoM kA artha isa prakAra bhI ho sakatA hai--bhadragupta ne AryarakSita kI niryApanA kI aura unase samasta pUrvagata sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA / gAthA ke uparokta artha ko svIkAra karane para to yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki niyuktiyoM meM AryarakSita kA jo bahumAna pUrvaka ullekha hai, vaha aprAsaMgika nahIM hai / kyoMki jisa vyakti ne AryarakSita kI niryApanA karavAyI ho aura jinase pUrvoM kA adhyayana kiyA vaha unakA apanI kRti meM sammAnapUrvaka ullekha karegA hI / kintu gAthA kA isa dRSTi se kiyA gayA artha cUrNi meM prastuta kathAnakoM ke sAtha evaM niryukti gAthAoM ke pUrvApara prasaMga ko dekhate hue kisI bhI prakAra saMgata nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| cUrNi meM to yahI kahA gayA hai ki AryarakSita ne bhadragupta kI niryApanA karavAyI aura Aryavajra se pUrvasAhitya kA adhyayana kiyaa| yahAM dUsare caraNa meM prayukta "tassa" zabda kA sambandha Arya vajra se hai, jinakA ullekha pUrva gAthAoM meM kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI yahAM bhaddagutte meM saptamI kA prayoga hai, jo eka kArya ko samApta kara dUsarA kArya prArambha karane kI sthiti meM kiyA jAtA hai| yahAM sampUrNa gAthA kA artha isa prakAra hogA-- AryarakSita ne bhadragupta kI niryApanA (samAdhimaraNa) karavAne ke pazcAt (Aryavajra se) pUrvoM kA samasta adhyayana kiyA hai aura apane bhAI aura pitA ko dIkSita kiyA / yadi AryarakSita bhadragupta ke niryApaka haiM aura ve hI niyuktiyoM ke karttA bhI haiM, to phira niyuktiyoM meM AryarakSita dvArA unakA niryApana (samAdhimaraNa) karavAne ke bAda kiye gaye kAryoM kA ullekha nahIM honA thA / kintu aisA ullekha hai, ata: niryuktiyAM kAzyapagotrIya bhadragupta kI kRti nahIM ho sakatI haiM / I 2. dUsarI eka kaThinAI yaha bhI hai ki kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra AryarakSita Aryavajra se 8vIM pIr3hI meM Ate haiM / ata: yaha kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ki 8vIM pIr3hI meM hone vAlA vyakti apane se ATha pIr3hI pUrva ke Aryavajra se pUrvoM kA adhyayana kare / isase kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM diye gaye krama meM saMdeha hotA hai, hAlAMki kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI evaM anya srotoM se itanA to nizcita hotA hai ki Aryabhadra AryarakSita se pUrva meM hue haiN| usake anusAra AryarakSita 112 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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Aryabhadra gupta ke praziSya siddha hote haiM / yadyapi kathAnakoM meM AryarakSita ko toSaliputra kA ziSya kahA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai ki toSaliputra Aryabhadra gupta ke ziSya rahe hoN| sthavirAvalI ke anusAra Aryabhadra ke ziSya AryanakSatra aura unake ziSya AryarakSita the| cAhe kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM kucha aspaSTatAeM hoM aura do AcAryoM kI paramparA ko kahIM eka sAtha milA diyA gayA ho, phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki Arya bhadra AryarakSita se pUrvavartI yA jyeSTha samakAlika haiM / aisI sthiti meM yadi niyuktiyAM Aryabhadragupta ke samAdhimaraNa ke pazcAt kI AryarakSita ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa detI haiM, to unheM zivabhUti ke ziSya kAzyapagotrIya Aryabhadragupta kI kRti nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi hama Aryabhadra ko hI niyukti ke kartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA cAhate haiM to isake atirikta koI vikalpa nahIM hai ki hama AryarakSita, antima nihnava evaM boTikoM kA ullekha karane vAlI niyukti gAthAoM ko prakSipta mAneM / yadi AryarakSita Aryabhadragupta ke niryApaka haiM to aisI sthiti meM Aryabhadra kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa saM. 560 ke Asa-pAsa mAnanA hogA kyoMki prathama to AryarakSita ne bhadragupta kI niryApanA apane yuvAvasthA meM hI karavAyI thI aura dUsare taba vIra nirvANa saM.584 (vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdi) meM svargavAsI hone vAle Aryavajra jIvita the / ata: niyuktiyoM meM antima nihnava kA kathana bhI sambhava nahIM lagatA, kyoMki abaddhika nAmaka sAtavAM nihnava vIranirvANa ke 584 varSa pazcAt huA hai| ata: hameM na kevala AryarakSita sambandhI apitu antima nihnava evaM boTikoM sambandhI vivaraNa bhI niyuktiyoM meM prakSipta mAnanA hogaa| yadi hama yaha svIkAra karane ko sahamata nahIM haiM, to hameM yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki kAzyapagotrIya Aryabhadragupta bhI niyuktiyoM ke kartA nahIM ho sakate haiN| ata: hameM anya kisI bhadra nAmaka AcArya kI khoja karanI hogii| kyA gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra niyuktiyoM ke kartA haiM? kAzyapagotrIya bhadragupta ke pazcAt kalpasUtra paTTAvalI meM hameM gautamagotrIya AryakAlaka ke ziSya aura Arya saMpalita ke gurU bhAI Arya bhadra kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| ye Aryabhadra Arya viSNu ke praziSya evaM AryakAlaka ke ziSya haiM tathA inake ziSya ke rUpa meM Arya vRddha kA ullekha hai / yadi hama Arya vRddha ko vRddhavAdI mAnate haiM, to aisI sthiti meM ye Aryabhadra siddhasena ke dAdA guru siddha hote haiN| yahAM hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki kyA ye Aryabhadra bhI spaSTa saMghabheda arthAt zvetAmbara, yApanIya aura digambara sampradAyoM ke nAmakaraNa ke pUrva hue haiM? yaha sunizcita hai ki sampradAya bheda ke pazcAt kA koI bhI AcArya niyukti kA kartA nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 113

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niryuktiyAM yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM meM mAnya hai / yadi ve eka sampradAya kI kRti hotIM to dUsarA sampradAya use mAnya nahIM karatA / yadi hama Arya viSNu ko digambara paTTAvalI meM ullikhita Arya viSNu samajheM to inakI nikaTatA acela paramparA se dekhI jA sakatI hai| dUsare vidizA ke abhilekha meM jisa bhadrAnvaya evaM Arya kula kA ullekha hai usakA sambandha ina gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra se bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki inakA kAla bhI spaSTa sampradAya bheda evaM usa abhilekha pUrva hai| durbhAgya se inake sandarbha meM Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM kahIM koI vivaraNa nahIM milatA, kevala nAma - sAmya ke AdhAra para hama inake niryuktikAra hone kI sambhAvanA vyakta kara sakate haiM / inakI vidvatA evaM yogyatA ke sambandha meM bhI Agamika ullekhoM kA abhAva hai, kintu vRddhavAdI jaise ziSya aura siddhasena jaise praziSya ke guru vidvAna hoMge, isameM zaMkA nahIM kI jA sakatI / sAtha hI inake praziSya siddhasena kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha digambara aura yApanIya AcArya bhI karate haiM, ata: inakI kRtiyoM ko uttara- bhArata kI acela paramparA meM mAnyatA milI ho aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| ye AryarakSita se pAMcavIM pIr3hI meM mAne gaye haiM / ataH inakA kAla inake sau-Der3ha sau varSa pazcAt hI hogA arthAt ye bhI vikrama kI tIsarI sadI ke uttarArddha yA cauthI ke pUrvArddha meM kabhI hue hoNge| lagabhaga yahI kAla mAthurIvAcanA kA bhI hai| cUMki mAthurIvAcanA yApanIyoM ko bhI svIkRta rahI hai, isalie ina kAlaka ke ziSya gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra ko niyuktiyoM kA karttA mAnane meM kAla evaM paramparA kI dRSTi se kaThinAI nahIM hai / yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM meM niyuktiyoM kI mAnyatA ke hone ke prazna para bhI isase koI bAdhA nahIM AtI, kyoMki ye Aryabhadra Arya nakSatra evaM Arya viSNu kI hI paramparA ziSya hai| sambhava hai ki digambara paramparA meM AryanakSatra aura Arya viSNu kI paramparA meM hue jina bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa meM jAne ke ullekha milate haiM, jinase acela dhArA meM bhadrAnvaya aura Aryakula kA AvirbhAva huA ho ve ye hI Aryabhadra hoN| yadi hama inheM niryuktiyoM kA karttA mAnate haiM, to isase nandIsUtra evaM pAkSika sUtra meM jo niryuktiyoM ke ullekha haiM ve bhI yuktisaMgata bana jAte haiM / ataH hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki niryuktiyoM ke karttA Arya nakSatra kI paramparA meM hue Arya viSNu ke praziSya evaM Arya saMpalita ke guru bhrAtA gautamagotrIya Aryabhadra hI haiM / yadyapi maiM * apane isa niSkarSa ko antima to nahIM kahatA, kintu itanA avazya kahUMgA ki ina Aryabhadra ko niryukti kA karttA svIkAra karane para hama una aneka vipratipattiyoM se baca sakate haiM, jo prAcInagotrIya pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu, kAzyapagotrIya Aryabhadragupta aura vArAhamihira ke bhrAtA naimittika zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha 114

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bhadrabAha ko niyuktiyoM kA kartA mAnane para AtI hai| hamArA yaha durbhAgya hai ki aceladhArA meM niyuktiyAM saMrakSita nahIM raha sakI, mAtra bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM unakI kucha gAthAyeM hI avaziSTa haiN| inameM bhI mUlAcAra hI mAtra aisA grantha hai jo lagabhaga sau niyukti gAthAoM kA niyukti gAthA ke rUpa meM ullekha karatA hai| dUsarI ora sacela dhArA meM jo niyuktiyAM upalabdha haiM, unameM aneka bhASyagAthAyeM mizrita ho gaI haiM, ata: upalabdha niyuktiyoM meM se bhASya gAthAoM evaM prakSipta gAthAoM ko alaga karanA eka kaThina kArya hai, kintu yadi eka bAra niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAla, usake kartA tathA unakI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa ho jAye, to yaha kArya sarala ho sakatA hai| AzA hai jaina vidyA ke niSpakSa vidvAnoM kI agalI pIr3hI isa dizA meM aura bhI anveSaNa kara niyukti sAhitya sambandhI vibhinna samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta kregii| prastuta lekhana meM muni zrI puNyavijayajI kA Alekha merA upajIvya rahA hai| AcArya hastImala jI ne jainadharma ke maulika itihAsa ke lekhana meM bhI usI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| kintu maiM ukta donoM ke niSkarSoM se sahamata nahIM ho sakA / yApanIya sampradAya para mere dvArA grantha lekhana ke samaya merI dRSTi meM kucha naI samasyAyeM aura samAdhAna dRSTigata hue aura unhIM ke prakAza meM maiMne kucha navIna sthApanAyeM prastuta kI haiM, ve satya ke kitanI nikaTa haiM, yaha vicAra karanA vidvAnoM kA kArya hai| maiM apane niSkarSoM ko antima satya nahIM mAnatA hUM ata: sadaiva unake vicAroM evaM samIkSAoM se lAbhAnvita hone kA prayAsa kruuNgaa| sandarbha 1. (a) nijjuttA te atthA, jaM baddhA teNa hoi NijjuttI / - Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 88 (ba) sUtrArthayo paraspara niyojana sambandhanaMniyukti: - Avazyakaniyukti TIkA haribhadra, gAthA 83 kI TIkA 2. atthANaM uggahaNaM avaggahaM taha viAlaNaM ihN| . - Avazyakaniyukti, 3 3. IhA apoha vImaMsA, maggaNA ya gvesnnaa| saNNA saI maI paNNA savvaM AbhinibohiyaM / / - Avazyakaniyukti, 12 4. Avassagassa dasakAliassa taha uttrjjhmaayaare| niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 115

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sUyagaDe nijjuttiM vucchAmi tahA dasANaM ca // kappassa ya nijjurti vavahArasseva paramaNi nnss| suriapaNNattIe vucchaM isibhAsiyANaM ca // - Avazyakaniyukti, 84,85 5. isibhAsiyAI (prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura), bhUmikA, sAgaramala jaina, pR. 93 6. bRhatkathAkoza (siMdhI jaina granthamAlA) prastAvanA e.ena. upAdhye, pR. 31 7. ArAdhanA ... tasyA niyuktirAdhanAniyukti: / - mUlAcAra, paMcAcArAdhikAra, gA. 279 kI TIkA (bhAratIya jJAnapITha 1984) 8. goviMdANaM pi namo aNuoge viuladhAraNiMdANaM / - nandisUtra sthavirAvalI, gA. 41 9. vyavahArabhASya, bhAga 6, gA. 267-268 10. so ya heugovaeso govindanijjuttimAdito... / darisaNappabhAvagANi satthANi jahA goviNdnijjuttimaadii| - AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR. 353, bhAga 2, pR.201, 322 11. goviMdo... pacchAteNa egidiya jIva sAhaNaM goviMda nijjutikyaa| nizItha bhASya gAthA 3656, nizIthacUrNi, bhAga 3, pR. 260, bhAga 4, pU. 96 12. nandIsUtra, (saM. madhukaramuni) sUtrasaMkhyA, 13. (a) prAkRtasAhitya kA itihAsa, DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina, pR. (ba) jainasAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA, pR. 6 14. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 84,85 15. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 84 16. bahuraya paesa avvattasamucchAdugatiga abaddhiyA ceva / sattee NiNhagA khalu titthaMmi u vaDhemANassa // bahuraya jamAlipabhavA jIvapaesA ye tiisguttaao| avvattA''sADhAo saamuccheyaa''smittaao| gaMgAo dokiriyA chalugA terAsiyANa uppttii| therAya goTThamAhila puTThamabaddhaM paruviMti // sAvatthI usabhapura seyaviyA mihila ullugAtIraM / purimaMtaraMji dasapura rahavIrapuraM ca ngraaiN|| coddasa solasa vAsA coddasavIsuttarA ya doNNi syaa| aTThAvIsA ya duve paMceva sayA u coyaalaa| paMca sayA culasIyA chacceva sayA NavottarA hoti / NANupattIya duve uppaNNA Nivbue sesA // 116 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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evaM ee kahiyA osappiNIe u niNhavA satta / vIravarassa pavayaNe sesANaM pavvayaNe Natthi / / 17. bahuraya jamAlipabhavA jIvapaesA yA tiisguttaao| avvattA''sADhAo saamuccheyaa''smittaao| gaMgAo dokiriyA chalugA terAsiyANa uppttii| therAya goTramAhila paTTamabaddhaM paraviMti // jiTThA sudaMsaNa jamAli aNujja sAvatthi tiNdugujjaanne| paMca sayA ya sahassaM DhakeNa jamAli muttUNaM // rAyagihe guNasilae vasu caudasapubbi tiisguttaao| AmalakappA nayari mittasirI karapiMDAdi / siyaviyapolAsADhe joge taddivasahiyayasUle y| sohammi nilaNagumme rAyagihe puriya balabhadde / mihilAe lacchighare mahagiri koDinna Asamitto a| NeuNamaNuppavAe rAyagihe khaMDarakkhA y|| naikheDajaNava ullaga mahagiri dhaNagutta ajjagaMge y| kiriyA do rAyagihe mahAtavo tiirmnninaae| purimaMtaraMji bhuyaguha balasiri sirigutta rohagutte y| parivAya puTTasAle ghosaNa paDisehaNA vaae| vicchuya sappe mUsaga migI varAhI ya kAgi poyaaiN| eyAhiM vijjAhiM so u parivvAyago kuslo|| moriya nauli birAlI vagghI sIhI ya ulugi ovaai| eyAo vijjAo giNha privvaaymhnniio|| dasapuranagarucchughare ajjarakkhiya pusamittattiyagaM ca / guTThAmAhila nava aTTha sesapucchA ya vijhassa / / puTTho jahA abaddho kaMcuiNaM kaMcuo smnnei| evaM puTThamabaddhaM jIvaM kammaM samannei / paccakkhANaM seyaM aparimANeNa hoi kAyavvaM / jesi tu parImANaM taM durvha hoi aasNsaa| rahavIrapuraM nayaraM dIvagamujjANa ajjakaNhe a| sivabhUissuvahimi pucchA therANa kahaNA ya / / - uttarAdhyayananiyukti, 165-178 18. -- uttarAdhyayananiryakti, gAthA 29 19. - dazavaikAlikaniyukti, gAthA 309-326 20. - uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 207 00 niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 117

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21. - dazavaikAlikaniyukti, gAthA 161-163 22. AcArAMganiyukti, gAthA 5 23. (a) dazavaikAlikaniyukti, gAthA,79-88 (ba) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 143-144 24. jo ceva hoi mukkho sA u vimutti pagayaM tu bhAveNaM / desavimukkA sAhU savvavimuk bhave siddhA / / - AcArAMganiyukti, 331 25. uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 497-92 26. sUtrakRtAMganiyukti, gAthA 99 27. dazavaikAlikaniyukti, gAthA 3 28. sUtrakRtAMganiyukti, gAthA 127 29. uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 267-268 30. dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti, gAthA 1 31. tahavi ya koI attho uppajjati tammi taMmi smyNmi| puvvabhaNio aNumato a hoi isibhAsiesu jahA / / - sUtrakRtAMganiyukti, gAthA, 189 32. (ka) bRhatkalpasUtrama, SaSTha vibhAga, prakAzaka- zrI AtmAnanda jaina sabhA bhAvanagara, prastAvanA, pR. 4,5 33. vahI, Amukha, pR. 2 34. (ka) mUDhaNaiyaM suyaM kAliyaM tu Na NayA samoyaraMti ihN| apuhutte samoyAro, natthi puhutte samoyAro // jAvaMti ajjavairA, apahattaM kAliyANuoge y| teNA'reNa puhuttaM, kAliyasuya diTThivAe ya / - Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 762-776 (kha) tuMbavaNasannivesAo, niggaya piusgaasmlliinnN| chammAsiyaM chasu jayaM, mAUya samanniyaM vaMde // jo gujhAehiM bAlo, nimaMtio bhoyaNeNa vaasNte| Necchai viNIyaviNao, taM vairarisiM NamaMsAmi / / ujjeNIe ja jaMbhagehiM ANakkhiUNa thymhio| akkhINamahANasiyaM sIhagiripasaMsiyaM vaMde // jassa aNuNNAe vAyagattaNe dasapurammi nnyrmm| devehiM kayA mahimA, payANusAriM NamaMsAmi / 118 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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jo kannAi dhaNeya ya, NimaMtio juvvaNammi gihavaiNA / nayarammi kusumanAme, taM bairarisiM NamaMsAmi // jaNuddhAraA vijjA, AgAsagamA mahAriNNAo / vaMdAmi ajjavairaM, apacchimo jo suyaharANaM // (ga) apuhutte aNuogo, cattAri duvAra bhAsaI ego / puhutANuogakaraNe, te attha tao u vocchinnA // deviMdavaMdiehiM, mahANubhAgehiM rakkhiajjehiM / jugamAsajja vibhatto, aNuogo to kao. cauhA // mAyA ya ruddasomA, piyA ya nAmeNa somadeva tti / bhAyA ya phaggurakkhiya, tosaliputtA ya AyariA // NijjavaNabhadbhutte, vIsaM paDhaNaM ca tssa puvvagayaM / pavvAvio ya bhAyA, rakkhiakhamaNehiM jaNao ya // 35. jaha jaha paesiNI jANugammi pAlittao bhamADei / taha taha sIse viyaNA, paNassai muruMDarAyassa // - piNDaniryukti, gAthA 498 36. nai kaNha - vinna dIve, paMcasayA tAvasANa NivasaMti / pavvadivasesu kulavai, pAlevuttAra sakkAre // jaNa sAvagANa khisaNa, samiyakkhaNa mAiThANa leveNa / sAvaya payattakaraNaM, aviNaya loe calaNa dhoe / / paDilAbhiya vaccaMtA, nibuDDa naikUlamilaNa samiyAo / vimhiya paMca sayA tAvasANa pavvajja sAhA ya // - piNDaniryukti, gAthA 503-505 37. (a) vahI, gAthA 505 (ba) nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI gAthA, 36 (sa) mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM isa zAkhA kA ullekha brahmadAsika zAkhA ke rUpa meM milatA hai / 38. ujjeNI kAlakhamaNA sAgarakhamaNA suvaNNabhUmIe / iMdo Auyasesa, pucchai sAdivvakaraNaM ca // - uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 119 39. arahaMte vaMdittA caudasapuvvi taheva dasapuvvI / ekkArasaMgasuttatthadhArae savvasAhU ya // - oghaniryukti, gAthA 1 40. zrImatI oghaniryukti, saMpAdaka- zrImadvijayasUrIzvara, prakAzana - jaina granthamAlA, gopIpurA, sUrata, niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 119

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pR. 3-4 41. jeNuddhariyA vijjA AgAsagamA mhaaprinnaao| vaMdAmi ajjavairaM apacchimo jo suahraannN|| - gAthA,769 42. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 763-774 43.apahattapattAiM niddisiuM ettha hoi ahigaaro| caraNakaraNANuogeNa tassa dArA ime huMti // - dazavaikAlika niyukti, gAthA 4 44. oheNa u nijjuttiM vucchaM crnnkrnnaannuogaao| appakkharaM mahatthaM aNuggahatthaM suvahiyANaM / - oghaniyukti, gAthA 2 45. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 778-783 46. uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 164-178 47. egabhavie ya baddhAue ya abhimuhiyanamagoe y| ete tinnivi desA davvaMmi ya poNddriiyss| - sUtrakRtAMganiyukti, gAthA 146 48. uttarAdhyayana TIkA zAntyAcArya, uddhRta bRhatkalpasUtram, bhASya, SaSTha vibhAga prastAvanA, pR. 12 49. vahI, pR. 9 50. bRhatkalpasUtram, bhASya SaSThavibhAga, AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara, pR. 11 51. sAvara tthI usabhara para seya3 viyA mihila4 ullagItIraM5 / pudimaMta6 raMji dasa7 pura rahavIra8 puraM ca ngraaiN|| codda1 sa sola2 sa vAsA coddasavIsu3ttarA4 ya doNNi spaa| aTThAvIso5 ya duve paMceva sayA6 u coyaalaa|| - Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 81-82 52. rahavIrapuraM nayaraM dIvagamujjANa ajjakaNhe a| sivabhUhassuvahimi pucchA thorANa kahaNA y|| - uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 178 53. svayaM caturdazapUrvitve'pi yaccaturdazapUrbhupAdAnaM tat teSAmapi SaTsthAnapatitatvena zeSamahAtmyasthApanaparamaduSTameva, bhASyagAthA vA dvAragAthAdvayAdArAbhya lakSyanta iti preryAnavakAza eveti / / - uttarAdhyayana TIkA, zAntyAcArya, gAthA 233 54. egabhavie ya baddhAue ya abhimuhiyanAmagoe y| 120 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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ete tinnivi desA davvaMmi ya poNddriiyss| ___ - sUtrakRtAMganiyukti, gAthA 146 55. ye cAdezAH4, yathA- AryamaDgurAcAryastrividhaM zaDkhamicchati- ekabhAvikaM baddhAyuSkamabhimukhanAmagotraM ca, Aryasamudro dvividhama- baddhAyuSkamabhimukhanAmagotraM ca, AryasuhastI ekam-abhimukhanAma gotramiti; - bRhatkalpasUtrama, bhASya bhAga 1, gAthA 144 56. vahI, SaSThavibhAga, pR.saM. 15-17 57. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1252-1260 58. vahI, gAthA-85 59. jattha ya jo paNNavao kassavi sAii disAsu ya NimittaM / jattomuho ya DhAI sA puvvA pacchavo avarA // - AcArAMganiyukti, gAthA 51 60. saptAzvivedasaMkhya, zakakAlamapAsya caitrazuklAdau / ardhAstamite bhAnau, yavanapure saumyadivasAye / - paMcasiddhAntikA uddhRta, bRhatkalpasUtram, bhASya SaSThavibhAga, prastAvanA, pR. 17 61. bRhatkalpasUtrama, SaSThavibhAga, prastAvanA, pR. 18 62. goviMdo nAma bhikkhU... pacchA teNa egidiyajIvasAhaNaM goviMdanijjuttI kyaa| esa nANateNo / - nizIthacUrNi, bhAga 3, uddezaka 11-sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, pR. 260 63. (a) goviMdANaM pi namo, aNuoge viuladhAraNidANaM / NiccaM khaMtidayANaM paruvaNe dullabhiMdANaM / - nandIsUtra, gAthA 81 (ba) Arya skaMdila Arya himavaMta Arya nAgArjuna Arya govinda __-dekheM nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, gAthA 36-41 64. pacchA teNa egidiyajIvasAhaNaM goviMdaNijjuttI kyaa| esa nnaanntenno| eva dsnnpbhaavgstthtttthaa| -nizIthacUrNi, pR. 260 niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana

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65. niNhayANa vattavvayA bhANiyavvA jahA sAmAiyanijjuttIe / - uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, jinadAsagaNimahattara, vikrama saMvat 1989, pR. 95 66. idANiM etesi kAlo bhaNNati 'cauddasa solasa vIsA' gAhAu do, idANi bhaNNati- 'coddasa vAsA taiyA' gAthA akkhANayasaMgahaNI / vahI, pR. 95 67. micchaddiTThI sAsAyaNae ya taha sammamicchadiTThI ya / avirayasammaddiTThI virayAvirae pamatte ya // tatto ya appamatto niyaTThi aniyaTThi bAyare suhume / uvasaMta khINamohe hoi sajogI ajogI ya // 68. Avazyakaniryukti (haribhadra) bhAga 2, prakAza zrI bherulAla kanhaiyA lAla koThArI dhArmika TrasTa, mumbaI, vIra saM. 2508, pR. 106-107 69. sammattupattI sAvae ya viraNa aNaMtakammase / daMsaNamohakkhavae uvasAmaMte ya uvasate // khavae ya khINamohe jiNe a seDhI bhave asaMkhijjA / tavvivarIo kAlo saMkhajjuguNAi seDhIe || - AcArAMganiryukti, gAthA 222, 223 (niryuktisaMgraha, pR. 441 ) 122 - Avazyakaniryukti, (niryuktisaMgraha, pR. 140) 70. samyagdRSTizrAvakaviratAnantaviyojakadarzanamohakSapakopazamakopazA ntamohakSapakakSINa mohajinA: kramazo'saMkhyeyaguNa nirjarAH / - tattvArthasUtra (umAsvati) sukhalAla saMghavI, 9/47 71. (a) NijjuttI NijjuttI esA kahidA mae samAseNa / aha vitthAra paMsago'Niyogado hodi NAdavvo // AvAsagaNijjuttI evaM kadhidA samAsao vihiNA / No uvajuMjadi NiccaM so siddhiM jAdi visuddhappA || * mUlAcAra (bhAratIya jJAnapITha) 691, 692 ... eso aNNo gaMtho kappadi paDhiduM asajjhAe / ArAhaNA Nijjutti maraNavibhattI ya saMgrahatthudio / paccakkhANAvasaya dhammakahAo erisa o // - mUlAcAra, 278, 279 (ba) Na vaso avaso avasassakammamAvassayaMti bodhavvA / jutti tti uvAaMti NaNiravayavo hodi NijjuttI // mUlAcAra, 515 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha

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72. Na vaso avaso avasassa kamma vAvassayaM ti bodhavvA jutti tti uvAaMti ya Niravayavo hodi nnijuttii|| -niyamasAra, gAthA 142, lakhanaU, 1931 73. dekheM-kalpasUtra, sthavirAvalI vibhAga, 74. dekheM-mUlAcAra SaDAvazyaka-adhikAra 75. therassa NaM ajja vinhussa mADharassaguttassa ajjakAlae there aMtevAsI goyamasagutte therassaNaM ajjakAlassa goyamasaguttassa ime duve therA aMtevAsI goyamasagutte ajja saMpalie there ajjabhadde, eesi dunhavi goyamasaguttANaM ajja buDDe there| - kalpasUtra (munipyAracandajI, ratalAma) sthavirAvalI, pR. 233 niyukti sAhitya : eka punarcintana 123