Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nimAr3I bhASA aura usakA kSetra vistAra nimAr3a aura usakI sImA : hindustAna ke nakze meM vindhya aura satapur3A ke bIca meM jo bhU-bhAga basA hai, vaha nimAr3a ke nAma se prasiddha hai| vaise zAsana vyavasthA kI dRSTi se yaha do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita rahA hai| eka pUrvI nimAr3a tathA dUsarA-pazcimI nimAr3a / lekina rahana-sahana, rIti-rivAja, Aba-havA, bhAva-bhASA aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se donoM eka aura abhinna haiN| bhaugolika sImA kI dRSTi se uttara meM vindhyAcala, dakSiNa meM satapur3A, pUrva meM choTI tavA nadI aura pazcima meM hariNaphAla ke pAsa sudUra dhArA aura bar3avAnI ko lekara isakI sImAyeM banatI haiM / yaha eka saMyoga kI bAta hai ki uttara dakSiNa meM yadi do parvata sajaga praharI kI taraha isake do kinAroM para khar3e haiM to pUrva aura pazcima meM do nadiyAM jisakI sImA-rakSA karatI AyI haiN| anya bhASA-bhASI prAntoM kI dRSTi se uttara meM mAlavA, dakSiNa meM khAnadeza, pUrva meM hozaMgAbAda aura pazcima meM sudUra gujarAta ko isakI sImAyeM chUtI haiN| kucha loga nimAr3a aura mAlavA ko eka hI sImA meM ginate calate haiN| lekina vAstava meM mAlavA yadi narmadA ke uttara meM phailA hai, to nimAr3a narmadA ke dakSiNa meM pUrva aura pazcima kI ora phailate haye sudura khAnadeza taka calA gayA hai| DAkTara yadunAtha sarakAra ke mata aura mAlave kI eka lokokti se bhI jisakI puSTi hotI hai / DAkTara yadunAtha sarakAra ne (iDiyA eNDa oraMgajeba) meM mAlavA kI sImA ke sambandha meM spaSTa likhA hai ki-sthUla rUpa se dakSiNa meM narmadA nadI, pUrva meM betavA, evaM uttara pazcima meM cambala nadI prAnta kI sImA nirdhArita karatI thii| eka lokokti ke anusAra bhI dakSiNa mAlave kI sImA narmadA taka hI mAnI jAtI hai| usake zabda haiM-- 'ita cambala uta betavA, mAlava sIma sajAna, dakSiNa disi hai narmadA, yaha pUro pahicAna / ' samUce nimAr3a kI janasaMkhyA karIba 12 lAkha aura kSetraphala 10 hajAra varga mIla hai| nAma: jahAM taka isake nAma kA sambandha hai, aisA anumAna hai ki yaha uttara bhArata va dakSiNa bhArata kA sandhi-sthala hone se prArya aura anAryoM kI mizrita bhUmi rahA hogA aura isI nAte isakA nAma 'nimArya (nIma Arya) par3A hogaa| 'nIma' kA artha bhI nimAr3I meM prAdhA hotA hai| isI nimArya kA badalate badalate nimAra aura nimAr3a ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| isakA dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki nimAr3a mAlave se nIce kI ora basA hai| mAlave se nimAr3a kI ora pAne meM nirantara nIce kI ora utaranA hotA hai| isa taraha 'nimnagAmI' hone se jisakA
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nimAr3I bhASA aura usakA kSetra vistAra 175 nAma 'nimAnI' aura usase badala kara 'nimArI' aura 'nimAr3I' ho gayA hogaa| pahale kI apekSA yaha dUsarA kAraNa prAmANika va ucita bhI pratIta hotA hai / prAcIna itihAsa : prAcIna itihAsa kI khoja karane se patA calatA hai ki sudUra rAmAyaNa kAla meM (I0 pUrva 1600 ke)1 yahAM para 'mAhiSmatI' (Adhunika mahezvara) ko rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM lekara eka sazakta rAjya sthApita thaa| mahezvara ko haihayavaMzI rAjA sahastrArjuna evaM cedIvaMzI ke rAjA zizupAla kI rAjadhAnI hone kA gaurava prApta thA / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM haihayavaMzIya sahastrArjuna ko 'arjunoM jayantA zreSTho mAhiSmatyA pati prabho' arthAta mAhiSmatI nagarI kA rAjA mahA vijayI arjuna aisA likhA hai2 jisa rAvaNa ne kubera, yama aura varuNa ko bhI jIta liyA thA use sahastrArjuna ne mahezvara meM parAjita kiyA thaa| kucha logoM ne Adhunika mAndhAtA ko mAhiSmatI darzAyA hai| lekina yaha sarvathA nirAdhAra hai| sahastrArjuna ne jahAM apane sahastroM hAthoM se narmadA ko rokA thA aura jahAM se narmadA kA jala sahastroM hAthoM meM se hokara bahA thA, vaha sthAna Aja bhI mahezvara meM sahastrajJadhArA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM bhI sahastradhArA ke nikaTa hI, sahastrArjuna aura rAmAyaNa meM yuddha honA pAyA jAtA hai|| zrI zAMtikumAra nAnurAma vyAsa ne bhI zrI nandalAla de kI (jAgraphIkala DikzanarI Apha enasieTa eNDa miDivala iNDiyA ) ke AdhAra para iMdaura se 40 mIla dUra dakSiNa meM narmadA taTa sthita mahezvara ko hI mAhiSmatI darzAyA hai| kahate haiM havA vaMza ke rAjA mAMdhAtA ke tIsare putra mucakuMda ne mahezvara ko basAyA thaa| usane pArimAtra aura RkSaparvatoM ke bIca narvadA kinAre eka nagara basAyA thA aura use durga ke samAna cAroM ora se surakSita kiyA thaa| vahI Adhunika mahezvara hai| bAda meM haihayavaMzIya rAjA mAhiSmata ne use jIta kara usakA nAma 'mAhiSmatI' rakhA / pazcAt sahastrArjuna ne karkoTaka nAgoM se yuddha kara anUpa deza para kabjA kara liyA thA aura mAhiSmatI ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA / prAcIna rAja vyavasthA kA jikra karate huye zrI bAlacandra jaina ne likhA hai, 'usa kAla meM madhya pradeza kA bahuta sA hissA 'daNDakAraNya' kahalAtA thaa| usake pUrvI bhAga meM kauzala, dakSiNa kauzala yA mahAkauzala kA rAjya sthita thA jise aba chattIsagar3ha kahate haiN| uttarIya jile 'mahiSa-maNDala' aura 'DAhala-maNDala' meM vibhAjita the| mahiSamaNDala kI rAjadhAnI nimAr3a meM 'mAhiSmatI' meM thI aura 'DAhala-maNDala' kI rAjadhAnI jabalapura ke nikaTa 'tripurI' meM / 1-purANa vizeSajJa-pAjiTara-saMskRta aura usakA sAhitya 2--bAlmIki rAmAyaNa (uttara kANDa-sarga 22 zloka 2) 3--zrI zAMtikumAra nAnurAma vyAsa (rAmAyaNa kAlIna samAja) pRSTha 310 / 4--zrI bAlacandra jaina (zukla abhinandana grantha) itihAsa purAtatva khaNDa pRSTha 6 5--zrI bAlacandra jaina (zukla abhinandana grantha pRSTha 6) 6--zrI bAlacandra jaina (zukla abhinandana grantha) pRSTha 3
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrI rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya jisake bAda mahAbhArata kAla meM bhI yudhiSThira ke dvArA Ayojita rAjasUya yajJa kI saphalatA ke liye bhImasena dvArA vijita dezoM ke bartana meM cedIvaMza ke rAjA zizupAla kI rAjadhAnI 'mAhiSmatI' meM hI honA pAyA jAtA hai| isI sambandha meM zrI DA vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne likhA hai- 'anekoM dezoM ko jItane ke bAda bhIma ne cedI ke rAjA zizupAla kI ora muMha mor3A jise vaMza meM lAne ke liye yudhiSThira kI vizeSa mAzA thii| vedI janapada narmadA ke kinAre phailA huA thA aura mAhiSmatI usakI rAjadhAnI thii|7 176 mahAbhArata ke nalopAkhyAna meM juye meM hAre huye niSadha rAjA nala dvArA damayantI ke sAtha vana meM pahuMcane para nala ne damayantI ko apane maiMke jAne kA prAgraha karate huye jo tIna mArga batAye the, usameM se eka nimAr3a meM se hokara gayA thaa| ve ho tInoM mArga Aja bhI bhAratIya relapatha ne liye haiN| 8 mahAbhArata ke pazcAt parIkSita bhAratavarSa ke samrATa bne| unake samaya se hI kaliyuga kA Arambha honA pAyA jAtA hai / usake bAda janamejaya ne rAjya liyaa| isa samaya pravanti ke rAjya meM mAlavA, nimAr3a tathA madhya pradeza ke lage huye hisse mile the| avanti rAjya para abhI haihayavaMzI loga rAjya kara rahe the / bauddha grantha agutara nikAya, jaina grantha bhagavatI sUtra yA vyAkhyA prajJapti tathA anya granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki IsvI pUrva 600 ke lagabhaga uttara bhArata meM solaha mahAjana pada rAjya sthApita the jinameM magadha, kauzala aura avanti, dUsaroM kI apekSA adhika susaMgaThita evaM zaktizAlI the| madhya pradeza kA kucha hissA avanti mahAjanapada ke antargata thA jisakI rAjadhAnI 'mAhiSmatI' thii| / lekhoM aura zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para IsA kI pahalI aura dUsarI sadI se jisa janapada kA 'anUpa' nAma pAyA jAtA hai, IsvI san 124 meM gautamI putra satakarNI ne nahapAnA nAmaka nareza se jo pradeza apane adhikAra meM liyA, usameM akArA ( pUrvI mAlavA ) aura avanti ( pazcimI mAlavA ) ke sAtha anUpa ( nimAr3a ) kA bhI ullekha hai| isase bhI pahale kaNva aura suraMga ke rAjya ko naSTa karake Andhra ke mAlavA aura nimAr3a meM apanA rAjya sthApita kara liyA thA aura usakA parAbhava ke pratinidhi mahAkSetra se rudradamana ne kiyA thaa| isa itihAsa kA ullekha giranAra ke IsvI sana 150 meM jisa zilAlekha meM huA hai, usameM bhI isa pradeza kA nAma 'anUpa diyA gayA hai| 10 mugala kAla meM bhI nimAr3a kI eka svatantra rAjya ke rUpa meM pratiSThA thI isa sambandha meM zrI prayAgadatta zukla ne likhA hai- 'tugalaka vaMza ke samaya musalamAnI bhArata kaI svatantra rAjyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thA / ina prAntIya rAjyoM meM nimAr3a bhI eka thA 11 isa taraha sudUra prAcInakAla se nimAr3a aura nimAr3I kA svatantra astitva siddha hotA hai / 7- zrI DA0 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla (bhArata sAvitrI pR0 139 ) 8--zrI DA0 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla (bhArata sAvitrI pR0 216 ) rAjA siyukta satavAhana ne kaniSka ke kuzala sAmrAjya 6 -- zrI bAlacandra jaina ( zukla abhinandana grantha) pR0 10 / 10 - zrI satyadeva vidyAlaMkAra ( madhya bhArata janapadIya abhinandana grantha) pRSTha 77 11 - zrI prayAgadatta zukla ( zukla abhinandana grantha pRSTha 71 ) /
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nimAr3I bhASA aura usakA kSetra vistAra jIvana aura saMskRti : kisI bhI bhASA ko vahAM ke jIvana aura saMskRti se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura isa dRSTi se nimAr3a meM narmadA kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / jisa taraha gaMgA ke kinAre bhAratIya sabhyatA panapI hai, usI taraha narmadA ko nimAr3a kI saMskRti ke nirmANa kA zreya rahA hai / vaha AtmA ke saMgIta kI taraha isake madhya se pravAhamAna hai| gaMgA ko jJAna kA rUpa mAnA gayA hai kyoMki usake kinAre RSiyoM ne jJAna kI upalabdhi kI aura yamunA ko prema kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki usake kinAre bhakti kA saMgama prayAga meM huaa| narmadA bhI eka vizeSa bhAvanA kA pratIka hai-aura vaha hai tapasyA va prAnanda kI bhaavnaa| isake kinAre RSiyoM ne tapasyA ke dvArA prAnanda kI prApti kI hai| uttara bhArata aura dakSiNa bhArata ke bIca meM bahane ke kAraNa yaha uttara kI yArya va dakSiNa kI dravir3a saMskRti kA bhI sandeza vahana karatI hai / 12 yahAM kI Ubar3a-khAbar3a jamIna ke bIca meM bhI lahalahAne vAlI khetI, amADI kI bhAjI va jUvAra kI roTI se puSTa hone vAle jIvana aura jhulasA dene vAlI garamI ke bIca bhI muskarAne vAle palAza ke phUla se mAnoM eka hI saMdeza gUja rahA hai-tapasyA kA Ananda / ___ jaba maiM nimAr3a kI bAta socatA hU~ to merI AMkhoM meM UMcI-nIcI ghATiyoM ke bIca base choTe-choTe gAMva, gAMva se lage juvAra-tuvara ke khetoM kI mastAnI khuzabU aura una sabake bIca ghuTane taka UMcI dhotI para mahaja eka kuratA aura aMgarakhA laTakAye huye bhole bhAle kisAna kA ceharA tairane lagatA hai| yahA~ kI ubar3a-khAbar3a jamIna aura usake cehare meM kitanA sAmya rahA hai / yahAM kI jamIna kI taraha yahAM kA jAnapada jana maTamailA-gehuA raMga liye hote haiM / hala kI noka se jamIna kI chAtI para ubhare huye DheloM kI taraha unake ceharoM para sadiyoM kA dukha-darda AsAnI se par3hA jA sakatA hai| usane itane kaSTa sahe haiM ki kaSToM ko muskarA kara pAra kara jAnA usake saMskAroM meM biMdha gayA hai| svabhAvataH vaha atyanta mehanatI aura sahanazIla rahA hai / dukha kA pahAr3a pA jAye yA sukha kI kSINa rekhA, vaha sadA muskarAtA hai aura akele raha jAne para bhI apanI rAha calanA nahIM chodd'taa| jisa taraha kaThora parvata apane hRdaya meM nadiyoM ke udgama ko chipAye rahatA hai aise hI ye Upara se kaThora dikhane vAle manuSya sadiyoM se apane andara loka sAhitya kI paramparA ko jindA rakhe huye haiM / inake pAsa samA ke nahIM zrama ke gIta haiM jinheM ye hala calAte va majadUrI karate samaya bhI gAte Aye haiN| inake pAsa raMga-maMca ke nahIM, varana khule maidAnoM meM jana sAdhAraNa ke bIca khelane yogya prahasana haiM jinheM ye binA kisI bAhyADaMbaroM ke bhAva-pradarzana aura vicAra-darzana ke jariye khelate Aye haiN| inake pAsa pustaka kI nahIM, varana jIvana kI loka kathAyeM haiM jinheM ye pIr3hI-dara pIr3hI sunAte Aye haiM aura haiM aisI loka-kahAvateM jinameM inake sadiyoM kA jJAna va anubhava guthe huye haiN| nimAr3I bhASA aura usakA svarUpa kisI bhI rASTra kI bhASA ke do svarUpa hote haiN| eka rASTra bhASA aura dUsarA vahAM ke vibhinna janapadoM meM pracalita loka-bhASAyeM / rASTra bhASA samasta rASTra kA pratinidhitva karatI hai / rAjakIya dRSTi se 12-zrI prAcArya kSiti mohana sena ke bhASaNa se| .
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 178 zrI rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya vibhAjita prAntoM ko samagra rASTrIyatA ke eka sUtra meM piroye rakhane kA zreya bhI use hI hotA hai / use lekara hI rASTrIya itihAsa kA nirmANa hotA hai aura isa taraha kisI vizva mAnya bhASA ke sahAre prAnta aura rASTroM meM vibhAjita sampUrNa mAnavIya jagata, vasudeva kuTumba kI taraha samIpa prAtA jAtA hai / lekina lokabhASAyeM ina sabakI jar3a meM antarnihita vaha zakti hai jise lekara hI rASTra bhASA samRddha hotI hai| ve rASTrIya itihAsa ke nahIM, varana mAnavIya jIvana kI nirmAtA hotI haiN| unake sahAre hI hama kola-saMskRti aura lokajIvana kA darzana kara sakate haiM / isa taraha bhinna bhinna vyaktiyoM, janapadoM aura prAntoM ko lekara rASTra bhASA banatI hai, usI taraha vividhatA meM sundaratA aura ekatA kI taraha loka bhASAoM se rASTra-bhASA samRddha hotI hai aura usakA svarUpa nikharatA AyA hai / nimAr3I nimAr3a jile kI grAma janatA dvArA bolI jAne vAlI aisI hI eka loka bhASA hai / samUce nimAr3a para jisakA eka chatra prAdhipatya hai / yaha mukhyataH uttara meM mAlave kI sImA ko chUte huye narmadA ke Asa-pAsa, oMkArezvara, maNDalezvara, mahezvara, madhya meM kharagona, pazcima meM jobaTa, alIrAjapura, dhAra aura bar3avAnI, tathA pUrva meM hozaMgAbAda ke najadIka haradA aura harasUda ko lekara dakSiNa meM sudUra khaNDavA zraura burahAnapura ke Asa pAsa khAna deza kI sImA taka bolI jAtI hai / Adarza nimAr3I ke kendra khaNDavA aura kharagona rahe haiN| isake bolane vAloM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga 5 lAkha hai / lipi aura uccAraNa : nimAr3I bhASA ke kucha dhyAna nahIM diyA jAve to nimAr3I hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / jaise makha, tukha, jema, zroma / dekhane meM ye sIdhe-sAdhe do akSarI zabda haiM lekina inake nimAr3I svarUpa meM pratyeka ke sAtha anta meM 'a' kA lopa hai, aura inake uccAraNa meM antima akSara para jora diyA jAtA hai / yathA- makhna, tukhatr, jematr zromay / likhAvaTa aura uccAraNa meM samanvaya sAdhane kI dRSTi se maiMne jisake liye saMskRta ke zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / isase sArI kaThinAI hala ho jAtI hai aura sAtha hI zabda kA sahI svarUpa bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / udAharaNa ke liye nimAr3I loka gIta kI eka paMkti ko lIjiye: // jema sara zroma sArajo // isameM isakA vAstavika svarUpa spaSTa nahIM ho pAyA hai kyoMki jaisI likhAvaTa hai vaisA hI uccAraNa hogA - 'jema sara zroma sArajo' / lekina isakA sahI nimAr3I svarUpa hai - 'jema, sarana, omana, sArajo / ' ataeva vizuddha nimAr3I lipi kI dRSTi se yaha yoM likhA jAvegA - (1) jemas ( 2 ) sara (3) zroma (4) sArajo / zabdoM kI likhAvaTa aura uccAraNa meM pharka rahA hai / yadi isakI ora bhASA ko ThIka DhaMga se par3hA nahIM jA sakatA aura usakA artha bhI galata nimAr3a ke kucha zabda haiM 3
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nimADI bhASA aura usakA kSetra vistAra 176 lakSaNa-nimAr3I meM 'la' kI jagaha 'la' kA upayoga bahutAyata se hotA hai yathA 'mAlA -'mAlA', 'tAlA'--'tAlA', 'nAlA'- 'nAlA', 'kAlA' --'kAlA', kela-'kela', 'koyala'--'koyala' 'ujelA''ajAlo' Adi / (1) 'hai' kI jagaha gujarAtI bhASA kI 'che' kriyA kA upayoga adhikatara hotA hai / yathA-kyA haikAI cha ? kauna hai = kuNa che ? kaisA hai = kaso cha ? isameM na' zabda jaba prathamAkSara ke rUpa meM AtA hai to yaha badala kara 'la' ho jAtA hai aura jaba antima akSara ke rUpa meM AtA hai to vaha badala kara 'Na' ho jAtA hai / yathA-prathamAkSara ke rUpa meMnIma 'lIma' / namaka-'loNa' / niMbU-'liMbU' / antima akSara ke rUpa meM jaise-bahana--'baheNa' / AMgana-- 'prAMgaNo' / jAmuna-'jAmuNa' / (4) karmakAraka kI abhivyakti meM 'ko' ke sthAna para 'kha' kA upayoga hotA hai / yathA, mujhako'makha'' / tumako-'tumakha'' / unako-'unakha'' / (5) sahAyaka kriyA meM 'hai' ke sthAna para 'ja' kA upayoga hotA hai / yathA, calatA hai-'calaj' / daur3atA hai-daur3aj' khAtA hai-'khAvaj' / (6) isameM kartAkAraka kI vibhakti 'ne' ke sthAna para bahudhA 'na' kA ora bahuvacana meM 'nan' kA upayoga hotA hai / yathA, AdamI ne-'pAdamIna' AdamiyoM ne-'prAdamI nana' / pakSI ne-'pakSI naI' / pakSiyoM ne-'pakSInana / (7) isake sarvanAma haiM-'haMU, tu aura 'uu'| kriyA meM, eka vacana meM, tInoM kAloM meM jisakA svarUpa hogAvartamAna kAla-haU calUj / tU calaj / U calaj / bhUtakAla-haU clyoN| tU calyo / U calyo / bhaviSyakAla-haU calU gaa| tU cala'gA / U cala'gA / (8) isake kucha zabdoM meM anusvAra kA lopa ho jAtA hai / yathA, dAMta-'dAta' mAM-'mAya' / haMsanA-'hasanA / ' sImAvartI bhASAyeM uttara meM mAlavIya, pazcima meM gujarAtI, dakSiNa meM khAnadezI aura pUrva meM hozaMgAbAdI isakI sImAvartI bhASAyeM rahI haiN| zabdoM kA AdAna pradAna kisI bhI jIvita bhASA kA lakSaNa hotA hai| isa dRSTi se jaisA ki sabhI bhASAoM ke sAtha hotA hai, nimAr3I para bhI usakI sImAvartI bhASAoM kA asara rahA hai| nimAr3I va gujarAtI nimAr3a ke pazcima se gujarAta kI sImA lagI hone ke kAraNa nimAr3a aura gujarAta ke bIca kAphI sambandha rahe haiM / nimAr3a ke grAmoM meM 'gujarAtI' nAmaka eka khetihara jAti basI hai / yadyapi yaha aba nimAr3a
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 180 zrI rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya se AtmasAt ho cukI hai| lekina isake nAma se isake gujarAta se Ane kA patA calatA hai / nimAr3a meM 'nAgara' jAti ke bhI gujarAta se sAMskRtika sambandha rahe haiM / nimAr3a meM rahane vAlI 'lAr3a' jAti gujarAta meM rahane vAle 'lAr3a' logoM se sambandhita rahI hai / ye bhI gujarAta se Aye hoMge aisA pratIta hotA hai / rAjapura bar3avAnI meM 'meghavAla' nAmaka eka jAti basI hai / yaha yahAM saurASTra se Akara basI hai / inake rahana-sahana, rIti-rivAja Adi saba para saurASTrIya saMskRti zrAja bhI vidyamAna hai / ganagaura gIta meM ranu ke yahAM saurASTra se prAne kA jikra hai, dekhiye gIta ko nimAr3a ke eka paMktiyAM haiM AI ho / artha hai - he ranu tumhAre kina kina svarUpoM kA varNana kiyA jAye, tuma saurASTra deza se jo thAro kAI kAI rUpa bakhANU ranubAI, soraTha deza se AI o 11 zrI DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke mata se rAdanI devI kI pUjA gujarAta saurASTra meM bhI pracalita thI / vahAM usakI caudahavIM sadI taka kI mUrtiyAM pAI gaI haiM / eka mUrti ke lekha meM use zrI sAMbAditya kI devI zrI ranAdevI kahA gayA hai / saurASTra ke porabandara ke samIpa bagavAdara aura kindarakher3A meM rannAdevI yA rAMdaladevI ke maMdira haiM / vastutaH yaha rAdanI devI guptakAla se pahile IrAnI zakoM ke sAtha gujarAta-saurASTra meM lAI gaI thI jisA ki nimAr3I loka gIta meM kahA gayA hai gujarAta saurASTra meM rANAde yA rAMdalamAM kI pUjA santAna prApti ke liye kI jAtI hai / arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhitya meM bhI raNAdeva ke bhajana pAye jAte haiM / ' gujarAtI kI taraha hI nimAr3I meM bhI nimAr3I bhASiyoM kI rela meM bAtacIta sunakara lagatA hai / nimAr3I dekhiye nimAr3I aura gujarAtI bhASA ke nimna do loka gItoM meM kitanA sAmya rahA haiH gujarAtI " kiyA to kucha isa kadara prayoga meM lAI jAtI hai ki do aparicitoM ko unake gujarAtI bhASA hone kA zaka hone jI re cAMdoM to nirmala nIra, tAro kyAre UMgaze / UMgaze re pAchalI sI rAta, motIr3A gharaNA bhUla // 2 candramA niramaI rAta, tAro kavaM jaMgase, tAro UMgase pAchalI rAta, par3oseNa jAgate | 3 (1) janapada - banArasa (pRSTha 61-62 tA0 1-1-53 ) (2) va ( 3 ) nimAr3I lokagIta ( rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya) pRSTha 56 --
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nimAr3I bhASA aura usakA kSetra vistAra eka aura gIta hai: gujarAtI nimAr3I pAna sarIkhI pAtalaI re, cola I maM chipa jAya re / ilAyacI, sarIkhI mahekaNaI re, baTuvA maM chipa jAya re // 5 sAtha hI gujarAtI aura nimAr3a ke ina zabdoM kA sAmya bhI dekhiye / nimAr3I syAlo uDhAlo prAMgaNo mukko aMgalAI phalaI jAr3o ghAgharo zahera mahela pAna sarakhI re hUM to pAtalaI re, mane bIr3alo vAlaI laI jAvare / elAyacI sarakhI re hU~ to madhu madhu re, mane dAr3ha mAM ghAlI ne laI jAva re // * serI gujarAtI ziyAlo unAlo ga mukkI AAMgalI phalI jADu ghAgharo zahera mahela zerI (4) sammelana patrikA, loka saMskRti aMka, saMvata 2010 pRSTha 186 (5) jaba nimAr3a gAtA hai ( rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya) pRSTha 62 / nimAr3I aura marAThI nimAr3a ke dakSiNa meM marAThI bhASI prAnta lagA hone se nimAr3I meM marAThI ke bhI kucha zabda prA mile haiM, lekina inakI saMkhyA itanI kama rahI hai ki nimAr3I bhASA sahaja hI inheM AtmasAt kara cukI hai / nimAr3I meM 'la' kI jagaha 'la' kA prayoga bhI marAThI se hI zrAyA pratIta hotA hai / nimAr3I zraura mAlavI / nimAr3I aura mAlavI meM jitanA sAmya hai utanA aura kisI bhASA meM nahIM hai / jisa taraha ina donoM bhU-bhAgoM kI sImA eka dUsare se gale lipaTI haiM, usI taraha yahAM kI bhASAyeM bhI eka dUsarI se kucha isa kaMdara milatI haiM mAnoM do bahineM paraspara gale mila rahI hoM / hindI artha jAr3A garamI prAMgana ghUsa aMgulI phalI moTA lahaMgA zahara mahala galI 181
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrI rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya nimAr3a ke uttara meM mAlave kI sImA lagI hone se vahAM para nimAr3I mAlavI se prabhAvita hokara bolI jAtI hai / isameM nimAr3a ke 'tumakha' ko 'tamakha', kAI - 'kaMI', kahUM-- 'kU', vahAM - 'vAM', java - ko 'jada', zraura nahIM ko 'nI' kara dene se nimAr3I sahaja hI mAlavI se prabhAvita ho uThatI hai / dekhiye -nimAr3I kA eka lokagIta mAlavI prabhAvita kSetra meM pahuMcakara kisa kadara badala uThA hai / nimAr3I gIta kI paMktiyAM hai :-- 1-2 saraga bhavanti ho giradharanI, eka saMdesoM laI jAzro / saraga kA amuka dAjI khazrU yo kahejo, tuma ghara amuka ko vyAya || jemay sara zromay sArajo, hamaro to zravaNoM nI hoya / jar3I diyA vajra kivAr3a, aggala jar3I luhA kI jI // 1 isakA mAlavI prabhAvita svarUpa hai: saraga bhavanti ko giragharanI, eka saMdezoM laI jAvo / saraga kA zramuka dAjI se yUM kIjo, tama ghara amuka ko yAya // jemay sara gromam sArajo, hamaro to zrAvaNoM nI hoya / jar3I dayA vajara kavAr3a, aggala jar3I luprA kI jI // isameM rekhAkita zabda nimAr3I se mAlavI prabhAvita ho uThe haiM / pracalita siMgAjI kA eka gIta dekhiye:-- ( 2 ) ajamata bhArI kAI kahUM siMgAjI tumhArI, bhAbunA deza bahAdasiMga rAjA / are vahAM gaI bAjU kha pherI, jahAjavAna na tumakha isI kA mAlavI se prabhAvita svarUpa hai: sumaryo, are vahAM DUbata jahAja ubArI ( 3 ) ajamata bhArI kaI kU siMgAjI, tamArI are vAM gaI bAjU ne pherI, bhAjavAna ne tamakha (1) nimAr3I lokagIta ( rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya ) (2) lekhaka dvArA saMgrahita gItoM kI pADu lipi ( 3 ) zrI zyAma paramAra ( naI duniyA ) 21-6-53 isI taraha nimAr3I bhASA meM jhAbunA desa vA~ sumaryA, are vAM isameM rekhAMkita zabda nimAr3I se mAlavI prabhAvita ho uThe haiN| isI sImAvartI bhASAoM ke prabhAva ke AdhAra para kucha loga nimAr3I ko mAlavI kI upabhASA ginate calate haiM lekina vAstava meM donoM bhASAoM kA apanA apanA svatantra svarUpa zrora uccAraNa rahA hai| eka zrora mAlavI jahAM apane vahAM kI gahara gaMbhIra jamIna aura saundaryapriya logoM kI atyanta hI mRdu, komala aura kamanIya bhASA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora nimAr3I apane yahAM kI Ubar3a-khAbar3a jamIna aura kaThora parizramI logoM kI atyanta hI bhASA hai / uccAraNa kI dRSTi se mAlavI jahAM hara bAta meM lacIlApana liye sIdhI bAta karane kI abhyasta rahI hai / prakhara, tejasvI aura suspaSTa hotI hai, vahAM nimAr3I sApha bAdarasiMha rAjA / DUbI bhAja ubArI | 3
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nimAr3I bhASA aura usakA kSetra vistAra 183 pAzmakI, cedI aura prAMvatI mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne pANinI-kAlIna boliyoM kA ullekha karate huye likhA hai ki 'pANinI-kAla' meM sAre uttarI bhArata kI eka bolI nahIM thii| varan alaga alaga janapadoM kI alaga alaga bhASAyeM thiiN| pazcAt pAlI kAla meM uttarI bhArata solaha janapadoM meM baTA huA thA jinakI apanI apanI boliyAM rahI hoMgI jinake nAma nimna the: [1] aMgikA [2] mAgadhI [3] kAzikA [4] kauzalI [5] vajikA [6] mallikA [7] cedikA [8] vAtsI [6] kauravI [10] pAMcAlI [11] mAtsI [12] saurasenI [13] pAzmako [14] prAMvatI [15] gAMdhArI [16] kaambojii| isameM Apane AzmakI, prAMvatI aura cedikA kA alaga alaga ullekha karate huye unake sthAna para Aja kramazaH nimAr3I, mAlavI aura baghelI-budelI ko pracalita mAnA hai / ' __isameM itanA to spaSTa hai ki nimAr3I aura mAlavI parasara eka dUsare kI upabhASAyeM nahIM, varan prAcIna kAla se vibhinna janapadoM kI samakakSa bhASAyeM rahI haiN| aura suMdara rAmAyaNa kAla meM mahezvara ko rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM lekara narmadA aura tAptI kI sImAoM se diye nimAr3a kA apanA svataMtra astitva rahA hai| (1) sammelana patrikA Azvina 2011 /