Book Title: Nigrahasthana Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229042/1 JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLYPage #1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ nigrahasthAna bhAratIya tarka sAhitya meM nigrahasthAna kI prAcIna vicAradhArA brAhmaNa paramparA kI hI hai, jo nyAya tathA vaidyaka ke granthoM meM dekhI jAtI hai / nyAya paramparA meM akSapAda ne jo saMkSepa meM vipratipatti aura apratipatti rUpa se dvividha nigraha sthAna ko batalAyA aura vistAra se usake bAIsa bheda batalAe vahI varNana zrAjataka ke saikar3oM varSoM meM aneka prakANDa naiyAyikoM ke honepara bhI nirvivAda rUpa se svIkRta rahA hai / caraka kA nigrahasthAnavarNana akSarazaH to akSapAda ke varNana jaisA nahIM hai phira bhI una donoM ke varNana kI bhitti eka hI hai| bauddha paramparA kA nigrahasthAnavarNana do prakAra kA hai| eka brAhmaNaparamparAnusArI aura dUsarA svatantra / pahilA varNana prAcIna bauddha' tarkagranthoM meM hai, jo lakSaNa, saMkhyA, udAharaNa Adi aneka bAtoM meM bahudhA akSapAda ke aura kabhI kabhI caraka pR0 266) ke varNana se milatA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA kA virodhI svataMtra nigrahasthAnanirUpaNa bauddha parasparA meM sabase pahile kisane zurU kiyA yaha abhI nizcita nahIM / tathApi itanA to nizcita hI hai ki isa samaya aise svatantra nirUpaNavAlA pUrNa aura ati mahatva kA jo 'vAdanyAya' grantha hamAre sAmane maujUda hai vaha dharmakorti kA hone se isa svatantra nirUpaNa kA zreya dharmakIrti ko avazya hai / sambhava hai isakA kucha bIjAropaNa tArkikapravara diGnAga ne bhI kiyA ho / jaina paramparA meM nigrahasthAna ke nirUpaNa kA prArambha karanevAle zAyada pAtrakesarI svAmI ho / para unakA koI grantha abhI labhya nhiiN| ataeva maujUdA sAhitya ke adhAra se to bhaTTAraka akalaGka ko hI isakA prArambhaka kahanA hogaa| pichale sabhI jaina tArkikoM ne apane-apane nigrahasthAnanirUpaNa meM bhahAraka akalaGka ke hI vacana ko uddhRta kiyA hai, jo hamArI ukta sambhAvanA kA samarthaka hai| 1 tarkazAstra pR0 33 / upAyahRdaya pR0 18 / 2 Pre. Dignag Buddhist Logic P. XXII. 3 'pAstAM tAvadalAbhAdirayameva hi nigrahaH / nyAyena vijigISaNAM svAbhiprAyanivattanam / 'nyAyavi0 2. 213 / 'kathaM tarhi vAdaparisamAtiH ? nirAkatAvasthApitavipakSasvapakSayoreva jayetaravyasthA nAnyathA / taduktam-svapakSasiddhirakasya Page #2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 226 pahile to bauddha paramparA ne nyAya paramparA ke hI nigrahasthAnoM ko apanAyA / isalie usake sAmane koI aisI nigrahasthAnaviSayaka dUsarI virodhI paramparA na thI jisakA bauddha tArkika khaNDana karate para eka yA dUsare kAraNa se jaba bauddha tArkikoM ne nigrahasthAna kA svatantra nirUpaNa zurU kiyA taba unake sAmane nyAya paramparA vAle nigrahasthAnoM ke khaNDana kA prazna svayaM hI A khar3A huaaa| unhoMne isa prazna ko bar3e vistAra va bar3I sUkSmatA se sulajhAyA / dharmakIrti ne vAdanyAya nAmaka eka sArA grantha isa viSaya para likha DAlA jisa para zAntarakSita ne sphuTa vyAkhyA bhI likhii| vAdanyAya meM dharmakIrti ne nigrahasthAna kA lakSaNa eka kArikA meM svatantra bhAva se bA~dhakara usa para vistRta carcA kI aura akSapAdasammata evaM vAtsyAyana tathA udyotakara ke dvArA vyAkhyAta nigrahasthAnoM ke lakSaNoM kA eka-eka zabda lekara vistAra se khaNDana kiyA / isa dharmakIrti kI kRti se nigrahasthAna kI nirUpaNaparamparA spaSTatayA virodhI do pravAhoM meM ba~Ta gii| karIba-karIba dharmakIrti ke samaya meM yA kucha hI Age pIche jaina tArkikoM ke sAmane bhI nigrahasthAna ke nirUpaNa kA prazna aayaa| kisI bhI jaina tArkika ne brAhmaNa paramparA ke nigrahasthAnoM ko apanAyA ho yA svatantra bauddha paramparA ke nigrahasthAnanirUpaNa ko apanAyA ho aisA mAlUma nahIM hotA / zrataeva jaina paramparA ke sAmane nigrahasthAna kA svatantra bhAva se nirUpaNa karane kA hI prazna rahA jisako bhaTTAraka akalaGka ne suljhaayaa| unhoMne nigrahasthAna kA lakSaNa svataMtra bhAva se hI racA aura usakI vyavasthA bA~dhI jisakA akSarazaH anusaraNa uttaravartI sabhI digambara zvetAmbara tArkikoM ne kiyA hai| akalaGkakata svatantra lakSaNa kA mAtra svIkAra kara lene se jaina tArkikoM kA kartavya pUrA ho nahIM sakatA thA jaba taka ki ve apanI pUrvavartI aura apane sAmane upasthita prAmaNa aura bauddha donoM paramparAoM ke nigrahasthAna ke vicAra kA khaNDana na kareM / isI dRSTi se akalaGka ke anugAmI vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra Adi ne virodhI paramparAoM ke khaNina kA kArya vizeSa rUpa se zurU kiyA ! isa unake granthoM meM nigraho'nyasya vAdinaH nA'sAdhanAGgavacanaM nAdoSodbhAvanaM dvayoH // tathA tattvArthazloke'pi (pR0 281)-svapakSasiddhiparyantA zAstrIyAryavicAraNA / vastvAzrayatvato yadvallaukikArthavicAraNA |'-asstts0 pR0 87|-prmeyk0 pR0 203 A 1 digambara paramparA meM kumAranandI AcArya kA bhI eka vAdanyAya grantha rahA / 'kumAranandibhaTTArakairapi svavAdanyAye nigaditatvAt'-patraparIkSA pR0 3 / 2 tattvAryazlo0 pR0 283 / prameyaka0 pU0 200 BI: Page #3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 227 pAte haiM ki pahile to unhoMne nyAya paramparA ke nigrahasthAnoM kA khaNDana kiyA aura pIche bauddha paramparA ke nigrahasthAna lakSaNa kA / jahA~ taka dekhane meM zrAyA hai usase mAlUma hotA hai ki dharmakIrtti ke lakSaNa kA saMkSepa meM svatantra khaNDana karanevAle sarvaprathama kalaGka haiM aura vistRta khaNDana karanevAle vidyAnanda aura tadupajIvI prabhAcandra haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne nigrahasthAnanirUpaNa ke prasaGga meM mukhyatayA tIna bAteM pA~ca sUtroM meM nibaddha kI haiM / pahile do sUtra ( pra0 mI0 2.1.31, 32 ) meM jaya ra parAjaya kI kramazaH vyAkhyA hai aura tIsare 2.1.33 meM nigraha kI vyavasthA hai jo laGkaracita hai aura jo anya sabhI digambara- zvetAmbara tArkika sammata bhI hai| cauthe 2. 1. 34 sUtra meM nyAyaparamparA ke nigrahasthAna- lakSaNa kA khaNDana kiyA hai, jisakI vyAkhyA prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa kA adhikAMza pratibimba mAtra hai / isake bAda antima 2. 1. 35 sUtra meM hemacandra ne dharmakIrti ke svatantra nigrahasthAna lakSaNa kA khaNDana kiyA hai jo akSaraza: prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa ( pR0 203 A ) kI hI nakala hai / isa taraha nigrahasthAna kI tIna paramparAzroM meM se nyAya va paramparAoM kA khaNDana karake zrAcArya hemacandra ne tIsarI jaina sthApana kiyA hai / mantavya kA anta meM jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA sambandhI tInoM paramparAoM ke rahasya saMkSepa meM likha denA jarUrI hai| jo isa prakAra hai-- brAhmaNa paramparA meM chala, jAti Adi kA prayoga kisI hada taka sammata hone ke kAraNa chalA Adi ke dvArA kisI ko parAjita karane mAtra se bhI chala zrAdi kA prayoktA apane pakSa kI siddhi binA kie hI jayaprApta mAnA jAtA hai / arthAt brAhmaNa paramparA ke anusAra yaha niyama nahIM ki jayalAbha ke vAste pakSasiddhi karanA anivArya hI ho / dharmakItti ne ukta brAhmaNa paramparA ke AdhAra para hI kuThArAghAta karake satyamUlaka niyama bA~dha diyA ki koI chala zrAdi ke prayoga se kisI ko cupa karA dene mAtra se jIta nahIM sakatA / kyoMki chala Adi kA prayoga satyamUlaka na hone se varjya hai / ataeva dharmakIrti ke kathanAnusAra yaha niyama nahIM ki kisI bauddhasammata do paramparA kA 1 'tattvarakSaNArthaM sadbhirupaharttavyameva chalAdi vijigISubhiriti cet nakhaca peTazastra prahArAdIpanAdibhirapIti vaktavyam / tasmAnna jyAyAyAnayaM tattvarakSagopAyaH / - vAdanyAya pR0 71 / 2 'sadoSavattve'pi prativAdino'zAnAt pratipAdanAsAmarthyAdvA / na hi Page #4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 228 eka kA parAjaya hI dUsare kA avazyambhAvI jaya ho| aisA bhI sambhava hai ki prativAdI kA parAjaya mAnA jAe para vAdI kA jaya na mAnA jAe-udAharaNArtha vAdI ne duSTa sAdhana kA prayoga kiyA ho, isa para prativAdI ne sambhakti doSoM kA kathana na karake mithyAdoSoM kA kathana kiyA, tadanantara vAdI ne prativAdI ke mithyAdoSoM kA udbhAvana kiyA-aisI dazA meM prativAdI kA parAjaya avazya mAnA jaaygaa| kyoMki usane apane kartavya rUpa se yathArtha doSoM kA udbhAvana na karake mithyAdoSoM kA hI kathana kiyA jise vAdI ne pakar3a liyaa| itanA hone para bhI vAdI kA jaya nahIM mAnA jAtA kyoMki vAdI ne duSTa sAdhana kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| jaba ki jaya ke vAste vAdI kA kartavya hai ki sAdhana ke yathArtha jJAna dvArA nirdoSa sAdhana kA hI prayoga kre| isa taraha dharmakIrti ne jaya-parAjaya kI brAhmaNasammata vyavasthA meM saMzodhana kiyaa| para unhoMne jo asAdhanAGgavacana tathA zradoSodbhAvana dvArA jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA kI isameM itanI jaTilatA aura durUhatA A gaI ki aneka prasaGgoM meM yaha saralatA se nirNaya karanA hI asambhava ho gayA ki asAdhanAGgavacana tathA adoSodbhAvana hai yA nhiiN| isa jaTilatA aura durUhatA se bacane evaM saralatA se nirNaya karane kI dRSTi se bhaTTAraka akalaGka ne dharmakIrtikRta jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA kA bhI saMzodhana kiyaa| akalaGka ke saMzodhana meM dharmakIrtisammata satya kA tattva to nihita hai hI, para jAna par3atA hai akalaGka kI dRSTi meM isake alAvA ahiMsAsamabhAva kA jainaprakRtisulabha bhAva bhI nihita hai| ataeva akalaGka ne kaha diyA ki kisI eka pakSa kI siddhi hI usakA jaya hai aura dUsare pakSa kI asiddhi hI usakA parAjaya hai| akalaGkA kA yaha sunizcita mata hai ki kisI eka pakSa kI siddhi dUsare pakSa kI prasiddhi ke binA ho hI nahIM sktii| ataeva akalaGka ke matAnusAra yaha phalita huA ki jahA~ eka kI siddhi hogI vahA~ dUsare kI asiddhi anivArya hai, aura jisa pakSa kI siddhi ho usI kI duSTasAdhanAbhidhAne'pi vAdinaH prativAdino'pratipAdite doSe parAjayavyavasthApanA yuktaa| tayoreva parasparasAmopaghAtApekSayA jayaparAjayavyavasthApanAt / kevalaM hetvAbhAsAd bhUtapratipatterabhAvAdapratipAdakasya jayo'pi nAlyeva / -vAdanyAya pR070 / 1 'nirAkRtAvasthApitavipakSasvapakSayoreva jayetaravyavasthA nAnyathA / taduktamsvapakSasiddhirakasya nigraho'nyasya vAdinaH / nAsAdhanAGgavacanaM nA'doSodbhAva dvayoH ||'-assttsh aSTasa0 pR. 87 / 'tatreha tAttvike vAde'kalaGkaH kathito jayaH / svapakSasiddhirekasya nigraho'nyatma vaadinH|-tttvaarthshlo. pR0 281 / Page #5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ________________ 226 jaya / zrataeva siddhi aura asiddhi athavA dUsare zabdoM meM jaya aura parAjaya samavyAptika haiN| koI parAjaya jayazUnya nahIM aura koI jaya parAjayazUnya nahIM / dharmakIrtikRta vyavasthA meM akalaMka kI sUkSma ahiMsA prakRti ne eka truTi dekha lI jAna par3atI hai / vaha yaha ki pUrvokta udAharaNa meM kartavya pAlana na karane mAtra se agara prativAdI ko parAjita samajhA jAe to duSTasAdhana ke prayoga meM samyak sAdhana ke prayoga rUpa karttavya kA pAlana na hone se vAdI bhI parAjita kyoM na samajhA jAe ? agara dharmakIrti vAdI ko parAjita nahIM mAnate to phira unheM prativAdI ko bhI parAjita nahIM mAnanA caahie| isa taraha akalaGka ne pUrvokta udAharaNa meM kevala prativAdI ko parAjita mAna lene kI vyavasthA ko ekadezIya evaM anyAyamUlaka mAnakara pUrNa samabhAva mUlaka sIdhA mArga bA~dha diyA ki apane pakSa kI siddhi karanA hI jaya hai| aura aisI siddhi meM dUsare pakSa kA nirAkaraNa avazya garbhita hai| akalaGkopajJa yaha jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA kA mArga antima hai, kyoMki isake Upara kisI bauddhAcArya ne yA bAjhae vidvAnoM ne Apatti nahIM utthaaii| jaina paramparA meM jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA kA yaha eka hI mArga pracalita haiM, jisakA svIkAra sabhI digambara-zvetAmbara tAkikoM ne kiyA hai aura jisake samarthana meM vidyAnanda (tattvArthazlo0 pR0 281), prabhAcandra (prameyaka0 pR0 164), vAdirAja (nyAyavi0 TI0 pR0 527 B) zrAdi ne bar3e vistAra se pUrvakAlIna aura samakAlIna matAntaroM kA nirAsa bhI kiyA hai| zrAcArya hemacandra bhI isa viSaya meM bhaTTAraka akalaGka ke hI anumAmI haiN| sUtra 34 kI vRtti meM AcArya hemacandra ne nyAyadarzanAnusArI nigrahasthAnoM kA pUrvapakSarUpa se jo varNana kiyA hai vaha akSarazaH jayanta kI nyAyakalikA (pR0 21-27) ke anusAra hai aura unhIM nigrahasthAnoM kA jo khaNDana kiyA hai vaha akSarazaH prameyakamalamArtaNDAnusArI (pR0 200 B.-203 A) hai| isI taraha dharmakIrtisammata (vAdanyAya) nigrahasthAnoM kA varNana aura usakA khaNDana bhI akSarazaH prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke anusAra hai| yadyapi nyAyasammata nigrahasthAnoM kA nirdeza tathA khaNDana tattvArthazlokavArzika (pR0 283 se ) meM bhI hai tathA dharmakIrtisammata nigrahasthAnoM kA varNana tathA khaMDana vAcaspati mizra ne tAtparyaTIkA (703 se) meM, jayanta ne nyAyamaMjarI (pR. 646) aura vidyAnaMda ne aSTasahasrI ( pR081 ) meM kiyA hai, para hemacandrIya varNana aura khaMDana prameyakamala-mArtaNDa se ho zabdazaH milatA hai| I0 1636 ] [ pramANa mImAMsA