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________________ dhAAdi RADITI prativAda wim Aviaevnwomawa DA. kRpAzaMkara vyAsa ema. e., pI-eca. DI. [saMskRta vibhAga, zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, zAjApura (ma0 pr0)| nayavAda siddhAnta aura vyavahAra kI tulA para sAha ke kAraNa vaha hae / bhArata mUlataH darzana kA deza hai| vizva ke zreSThatama darzana isa deza hI meM janme aura yahIM svastha pratispardhAtmaka vAtAvaraNa meM panape / yahA~ kA dArzanika cintana AdhyAtmika dRSTi se maNDita hai| isI dArzanika tatva-cintana ne hI bhAratIya satyatA aura saMskRti ko samaya kI viDambanA, kAla kI karatA aura itihAsa kI nirmamatA ko jhelane kI apUrva zakti pradAna kI hai| bAhya AkramaNoM kI zrRMkhalA aura Antarika phUTa ne yahA~ kI sabhyatA, saMskRti tathA vicArazakti ko dhvasta karake, nizzeSa karane kI durabhisandhi kI, parantu dArzanika tatva-cintana kI asAdhAraNatA tathA apUrvatA ne apanI aparAjeyatA kA paricaya dete hue sAMskRtika mUlyoM aura sabhyatA kI upalabdhiyoM ko miTane se bacAyA hai aura bhAratIya mAnasa ko sadaiva vyApakatA tathA udAratA kI bhUmi para avatarita karane kI bhUmikA kA sotsAha nirvAha bhI kiyA hai| bhAratIya darzana anubhava aura saMgharSa ke AdhAra para nirmita dRSTi kA paryAya hone ke kAraNa na vaha girikandarA kA darzana hai aura na ekAMtikatA tathA vyakti-niSThatA se abhizapta hI hai / apitu vaha AdhyAtmika dRSTi sampanna hone ke kAraNa saMsAra ko rahane yogya aura svargatulya banAne kI chaTapaTAhaTa liye hue hai| ataH bhAratIya darzana ko mAtra kitAbI tathA bakavAsI samajhanA buddhi-saMkIrNatA ko pradarzita karanA hogaa| yahA~ kA darzana jIvanonmukhI hai, isIlie yaha pravRttimUlaka aura nivRttimUlaka cintana ke madhya eka setu bana sakA hai| bhAratIya darzanadhArA mAnava mastiSka ke antahIna, zAzvata, mUlyavAn gaveSaNAtmaka cintana kA dRSTAnta hai, jo purAtana hone para bhI sadA navIna pariveza meM hai| jIvana ke mulya badala jAyeM, deza-kAla kI paristhitiyoM meM bhinnatA A jAe kintu bhAratIya cintana-dhArA kA pravAha sArvakAlika samasyAoM ke hala hetu sadA nitya naye rUpa tathA vega meM prastuta thA, hai, aura rhegaa| yaha hai bhAratIya cintanadhArA kI saarvkaaliktaa| vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna kI svatantra prakriyA ne bhAratIya vicAradhArA ko aneka rUpa pradAna kie haiM, jinameM saha-astitva kA Adarza vidyamAna hai| isI prakriyA ne hI eka vicAradhArA ke antargata aneka sUkSma vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ko bhI janma diyA hai, isIlie eka hI vastu ke svarUpa kI abhivyakti meM paryApta bhinnatA lakSita hotI hai| isa sahajagamya bhinnatA ko jainadarzana ne "nayavAda" se abhihita kara ise dArzanika rUpa meM prastuta kara navIna siddhAnta ko janma dene kA zreya prApta kara liyA hai|
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________________ nayaMvAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra kI tulA para 271 NEARN I jAna jainadarzana ke anusAra vastu anantadharmAtmaka hotI hai| vastu ke samasta dharmoM kA yathArtha jJAna kevala usI vyakti vizeSa ko hotA hai jisane kaivalya jJAna ko adhigata kara liyA hai para dikbhrama mAnava samAja meM itanA sAmarthya kahA~ hai ki vaha pratyeka vastu ke samasta dharmoM kA yathArtha jJAna AtmasAt kara ske|' manuSya-jJAna kI saMkucita sImAoM ke kAraNa hI manuSya vastu ke eka yA kucha dharmoM kA jJAna prApta kara lenA hI zreyaskara samajhatA hai ataH usakA jJAna AMzika hotA hai| jainadarzana vastu ke isa AMzika yA ekAMzika jJAna ko "naya" nAma se abhihita karatA hai| "naya siddhAnta 2" jainadarzana ke pramukha siddhAnta "anekAntavAda' kI AdhArazilA hai / yaha samajhanA anucita hogA ki "naya siddhAnta' ekAntavAda kA pratipAdaka hai, ataH ekAntavAda aura anekAntavAda meM pUrNa virodha hai| vastusthiti para vicAra karane se pratyeka jJAna kA AMzika yA sApekSa honA hI nyAyasaMgata pratIta hotA hai, para vAstavika jJAna isase minna hai| isI kAraNa se vastu ke parijJAna ke icchuka jana ko prathama AMzika (vikalAdeza) jJAna pazcAt pUrNa (sakalAdeza) jJAna hotA hai| vAstavika jJAna kA prathama sopAna AMzika jJAna ho hai| jisa prakAra koI vyakti gantavya para pahuMcane ke lie sopAna kA Azraya lekara hI lakSya kI ora abhimukha hotA hai tathA anta meM apane lakSya ko adhigata kara letA hai, usI prakAra AMzika jJAna kA Azraya lekara hI vyakti vastu kA pUrNajJAna kramazaH prApta kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra AMzika jJAna tathA pUrNa jJAna meM kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha parilakSita nahIM hotA hai apitu ye donoM jJAna eka dUsare ke pUraka hI siddha hote haiM / sthUlatayA jJAna ke tIna bheda kiye jAte haiM-4 (1) durnaya (2) naya (3) pramANa 1. durnaya-vidyamAna rahane vAlI vastu ke eka dharma ko yadi sadaiva vidyamAna hI siddha karane kI ceSTA kI jAye tathA vastu ke anya dharmoM kA niSedha kiyA jAye to vyakti kI isa pravRtti ko durnaya kahA jaayegaa| 2. naya-vastu ke anya dharmoM kA niSedha na karate hue vastu ke kevala eka sat dharma kI hI prastuti kI jAye, vastu kA yaha AMzika jJAna "naya" vicAradhArA ke antargata AtA hai| 3. pramANa--"durnaya" tathA "naya' vicAradhArA se bhinna vicAradhArA pramANa hai / vidyamAna vastu ke viSaya meM "kathaMcit yaha sat hai" (syAtsat) yaha dRSTikoNa vastu ke jJAta tathA ajJAta samasta dharmoM meM saMkalita hone ke kAraNa pramANa zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| vastu cUMki anantadharmAtmaka hai ataH pratyeka dharma-vizeSa ke nirUpaNa karane ke kAraNa nayoM kI saMkhyA bhI ananta hai, parantu viveka dRSTi se usake sAmAnyataH do bheda mAnya haiM-5 1. dravyArthika naya 2. paryAyAthika naya / BEER gayA 1 (a) ekadeza viziSTo yo nayasya viSayo mataH --nyAyAvatAra zloka 26 (ba) "naya" zabda kI niruktinIyate paricchidyate eka deza viziSTo'rthaH anena iti nayaH / -syAdvAda maMjarI pR0 156 (ka) bhAratIya darzana-baladeva upAdhyAya pR0 100 (kha) bhAratIya darzana-DA. umeza mizra pR0 127-28 3 "pramANanayaradhigamaH" tatvArthasUtra 116 4 syAdvAda maMjarI zloka 28 5 sthAnAMga sUtra sthA0 7, anuyogadvAra sUtra rimadnaamavedasindainbursoami SURARAMMAR,AAMAAJAAAAAAAAJAL NY
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________________ zrAAnanda A AbhandA Momwwwwwrowaviiiwwweirw 272 dharma aura darzana - dyut kisI bhI vastu ke do dharma sambhava haiM (1) eka to vaha jisake kAraNa vastu kI vividha pariNAmoM ke bIca ekatA banI raha sakatI hai| isakI hI saMjJA dravyAthika naya hai| (2) dUsare ve dharma jo deza tathA kAla ke kAraNa kisI vastu meM utpanna huA karate haiN| ina vizeSa dharmoM ke nirUpaNa ko hI paryAyAthika naya saMjJA dI gaI hai| prathama naya tIna prakAra kA hai tathA dvitIya naya cAra prakAra kA hai| donoM kA samayojana karane para 'naya' ke sAta prakAra kiye jAte haiM (1) naigamanaya (2) saMgrahanaya (3) vyavahAranaya (4) RjusUtranaya (5) zabda naya (6) samabhirUr3hanaya (samadhirUr3hanaya) (7) evaMbhUtanaya / ina samayojita sapta naya meM se prathama cAra padArthoM athavA unake arthoM ke sAtha sambaddha haiM aura zeSa tIna zabdoM se sambandha rakhate haiN| ye sabhI yadi apane Apa meM pRthak evaM pUrNa rUpa meM lie jAyeM to hameM hetvAbhAsa (mithyA AbhAsa) hI pratIta hoNge| artha (padArtha evaM artha) naya adholikhita haiM (1) naigamanaya-isakI vyAkhyA do prakAra se kI jA sakatI hai| AcArya pUjyapAda kA mata hai ki yaha eka prayatna vizeSa ke prayojana athavA lakSya se sambandha rakhatA hai jo ki barAbara aura nirantara usake andara vidyamAna rahatA hai| jaba hama aise kisI eka vyakti ko dekhate haiM jo jala, agni, pAtra Adi le jA rahA hai aura hama usase prazna karate haiM ki 'tuma kyA kara rahe ho to vyakti pratyuttara detA hai ki "maiM bhojana pakA rahA huuN|" yaha naigamanaya kA dRSTAnta hai| yaha siddhAnta sAmAnya prayojana kA bodha karAtA hai| AcArya siddhasena kA mata isase kucha bhinna hai| unakA kathana hai ki jaba vyakti eka vastu kA jJAna adhigata karatA hai arthAt usake antargata jAtigata evaM viziSTa donoM prakAra ke guNoM ko pahacAna letA hai aura unake madhya pRthakkaraNa kI bhAvanA nahIM rakhatA hai taba vaha naigamanaya kI avasthA kahalAtI hai| (2) saMgrahanaya-yaha naya sAmAnya viziSTatAoM para bala detA hai| yaha vargagata dRSTikoNa hai / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki varga vyaktiyoM se atirikta koI viziSTa padArtha nahIM hai kintu phira bhI sAmAnya vizeSatAoM kA parIkSaNa kabhI-kabhI Avazyaka hotA hai| isake do bheda svIkAra kiye gaye haiM (1) parasaMgrahanaya, (2) aparasaMgrahanaya / (3) vyavahAranaya-yaha naya pracalita tathA paramparAgata hai| vyakti ko vastu kA jJAna samasta rUpa se hotA hai aura vyakti isakI nihita vizeSatAoM para bala detA hai| vastuoM kA viziSTa AkAra-prakAra bhI vyakti kA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa karatA hai| bhautikavAda kI kalpanA aura bahutatvavAda ko bhI hama isake sAtha sambaddha kara sakate haiN| ye sabhI isa naya ke AbhAsa haiN| (4) RjusUtranaya---yaha naya vyavahAranaya kI apekSA atyadhika saMkucita hai| yaha padArtha kI eka samayavizeSa kI avasthA kA vicAra karatA hai| isameM sabhI ke prakAra ke nairantarya evaM sAmya ko . 6 (ka) nayakaNikA, ArA saMskaraNa tatvArtha rAja0 vA0 1133, 34-35 (kha) pramANanayatatvAloka 7 / 13, 32, 36 / tatvArtha rAjavartika 1, 33, 6 (ga) laghIyastraya 3, 6, 70-71 (gha) dravyAnuyogatarkaNA, (ca) bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1, DA0 rAdhAkRSNan, pR0 275
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________________ nayavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra kI tulA para 273 / sthAna nahIM hai / isa naya ke anusAra yathArtha kSaNika hai| vastu kA jo rUpa vidyamAna hai vaha kevala vartamAna kSaNa meM hI hai| ise hama bauddhadarzana ke kSaNikavAda kA dUsarA rUpa kaha sakate haiN| zeSa tIna naya ko zabdanaya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai (5) zabdanaya-isa naya kA mata hai ki vyakti kisI vastu ke viSaya meM kisI viziSTa nAma kA prayoga karatA hai / yaha prayoga vastutaH vyakti ke mana meM nihita vastuviziSTa ke guNa, kriyA Adi se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| pratyeka nAma apane eka viziSTa artha kA saMvAhaka hotA hai / isIlie viziSTa nAma se viziSTa guNa-kriyA vAlI vastu kA bodha vyakti ko sambhava hotA hai / ataH yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki pada tathA artha meM viziSTa sambandha hotA hai jo ki sApekSa siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| (6) samabhirUDhanaya-yaha naya padoM meM unake dhAtvartha ke AdhAra para bheda sthApanA karatA hai / yaha naya zabda-naya kA viniyoga yA prayoga hai| (7) evaMbhUtanaya-yaha samabhirUDhanaya kA viziSTa rUpa hai| kisI vastu ke nAnAtmaka pakSoM meM, usakI zreNI-vibhAjana meM tathA usakI abhivyakti meM kevala eka hI pada ke dhAtvartha se yaha naya sUcita hotA hai / yaha naya pada ke vartamAna svarUpa ko vyavahRta karane vAlA samayocita artha hai kintu usI padArtha vizeSa ko bhinna paristhiti meM bhinna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| upari vaNita pratyeka naya athavA dRSTikoNa vividha prakAroM meM se, jinase padArtha kA jJAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, kevala eka hI prakAra ko prastuta karatA hai| yadi kisI eka dRSTikoNa ko vyakti bhramavazAt sampUrNa jJAna samajha le to yaha jJAna nayAbhAsa kI koTi meM A jaayegaa| tatvoM ke svarUpa vivecanArtha naya ke do anya bheda bhI dArzanikoM dvArA mAnya haiM(1) nizcayanaya (2) vyavahAranaya nizcayanaya ke mAdhyama se tatvoM ke vAstavika svarUpa tathA unameM nihita sabhI guNoM kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai / jabaki vyavahArika naya ke dvArA tatvoM kI sAMsArika upAdeyatA para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| "naya" ke isI bheda ke kAraNa isake sambandha meM pracalita bhrAntiyoM kA khaNDana sambhava ho sakA hai| parivartanazIla yuga meM "naya' kA vyavahArika rUpa naye yuga ke naye mUlyoM kA saMvAhaka bana sakatA hai yA nahIM yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai| isa sandarbha meM Aja ke vAtAvaraNa tathA "naya" kA vyavahArika parivartita rUpa kA kramazaH vivecana karanA nyAyasaMgata hogaa| Aja kA mAnava jisa bhautikatA ke uccatama zikhara para pahu~ca gayA hai vahA~ usakI samasta dhArmika mAnyatAoM ke samakSa praznavAcaka cihna laga gayA hai| bhautikavAdI saMtrAsayuga meM samAja ke 7 (a) bhagavatI sUtra, za0 18, u0 6 (ba) diTThIya do NayA khalu vavahAro nicchao ceva / -Avazyaka niyukti 815 (AcArya bhadrabAhu) (sa) "vavahAraNayo bhAsadi jIvo deho ya havadi khalu ikko| Na du Nicchayassa jIvo deho ya kadApi ekaTTho / -samayasAra 27 tathA samayasAra 8vIM gAthA dRSTavya AyAmaprasAAcAryaprakAza zrIAnandagrantha zrAAnandaprasantha hrhGh h y fr`y st w `zdHyh nw`y hmzmn`m md` nmrh mnftH`h`h`h`n`n`
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________________ . KARKALACapradanana-AIRAurwistAlaudnn. sAcArga ApApravana abhi zrIAnandasAgranthazrIAnandaMAgrantha 274 dharma aura darzana pratyeka ghaTaka meM ghRNA, avizvAsa, mAnasika tanAva evaM azAnti ke bIja prasphuTita ho rahe haiN| AtmaglAni, vyaktivAdI dRSTikoNa, Atmavidroha, arAjakatA, Arthika viSamatA, har3atAla Adi sabhI jIvana kI lakSyahInatA kI hI ora iMgita kara rahe haiN| isakA kAraNa Aja kI vaijJAnika dRSTi hai jo ki manuSya ko bauddhikatA ke atireka kA sparzamAtra karA rahI hai, jisase manuSya antarjagata kI vyApaka sImAoM ko saMkIrNa kara apanI bahirjagata kI sImAoM ko hI prasArita karane meM yatnazIla ho gayA hai| ataH varga-saMgharSa bahula dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAdI yuga meM kyA prAcIna manISiyoM dvArA pratipAdita koI siddhAnta zAzvatakAlIna hokara sAmAjika sambandhoM ko sumadhura evaM samarasa banAne meM sakSama hai ? isa jaTila prazna kA uttara yadi jainadarzana ke pariprekSya meM prApta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAye to pUrvAgraha rahita kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAnava nayasiddhAnta ke svarUpa ko samajhakara usake anurUpa AcaraNa kare to avazya hI Aja ke ApAdhApI ke yuga meM vaicArika UhApoha ke jhaMjhAvAtoM se apane ko mukta kara Atmonnati ke pragatipatha ko prazasta kara sakatA hai| __ adyatana bauddhika tathA tArkika prANAyAma ke yuga meM vyakti kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu aise dharma tathA darzana kI AvazyakatA hai jo Agraharahita dRSTi se satyAnveSaNa kI preraNA de ske| isa dRSTi se bhI nayavAda tathA pramANa vAda samaya kI kasauTI para kharA hI utaratA hai| anekAntavAda kA artha hai ki pratyeka padArtha meM vividha dharma tathA guNa haiN| satya kA sampUrNa sAkSAtkAra sAdhAraNa vyakti kI jJAnasImA se sambhava nahIM hai ataH vaha vastu ke ekAMgI guNa, dharmoM kA hI jJAna prApta kara pAtA hai / isa ekAMgI-jJAna ke kAraNa hI vastu ke svarUpa-pratIti meM bhI paryApta bhinnatA lakSita hotI hai kintu isa bhinnatA kA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki vastu kA ekAMgI dharma hI satya hai tathA anya dharma asatya hai| "nayavAda" ke uparokta svarUpa kI spaSTa abhivyakti hetu 'nayavAda' kA vizleSaNa agholikhita binduoM ke AdhAra para kiyA A sakatA hai| nayavAda ke jIvana ko chUne vAle vizeSa bindu 1. svamata kI zAlIna prastuti, 2. svamata ke prati durAgraha kA abhAva, 3. anya mata ke prati vinamra evaM vidheyAtmaka dRSTi / 1 nayavAda kA spaSTa artha hai ki anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke eka dharma kI sAMgopAMga pratIti / yaha vAda viSaya ke prati vyakti kA dRSTikoNa hai| jisake AdhAra para vyakti kisI padArtha ke viSaya meM amUrtIkaraNa (bhedapRthakkaraNa) kI prakriyA ko kAryAnvita karatA hai / isa dRSTikoNa kI kalpanAoM athavA AMzika sammatiyoM kA jo sambandha hai vaha abhISTa uddezyoM kI upaja hotI hai| isa bhedapRthakkaraNa evam lakSyavizeSa para bala dene ke kAraNa hI vyakti ke jJAna meM sApekSatA AtI hai| kisI vizeSa dRSTikoNa ko svIkAra karane kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki vyakti anya dRSTikoNoM kA khaNDana kara rahA hai| nayavAdI kA yaha mahattvapUrNa kartavya hai ki vaha kevala-mAtra svamata kI zAlIna prastuti kare kyoMki eka vyakti kA dRSTikoNa vizeSa satya ke utane hI samIpa hai jitanA ki anya vyakti kA usI vastu sambandhI dRssttikonn| yaha bhinna bAta hai ki vastu ke sApekSa samAdhAna meM aise amUrtIkaraNa haiM jinake antargata yathArtha-sattA kA to samAveza ho jAtA hai kintu ve vastu kI pUrNarUpeNa 8 sayaM sayaM pasaMsaMtA garahaMtA paraM vayaH / je u tattha viussanti saMsAraM te viussiyA / / -sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 12 / 23
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________________ nayavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra kI tulA para 275 / vyAkhyA nahIM kara sakate haiN| isIlie nayavAdI ke lie nitAMta Avazyaka hai ki vaha kevala svamata ke prastutIkaraNa kA hI kArya kare / 2 nayavAda kA siddhAnta ekAMzabhUta jJAna kA siddhAnta avazya hai kintu haThavAditA tathA durAgraha kA siddhAnta nahIM hai| na to nayavAda para yaha AkSepa hI laga sakatA hai ki "nayavAda" vastu ke kevala ekAMzabhUta jJAna ko hI jJAna kI itizrI samajha lenA pratipAdita karatA hai aura na "nayavAdI" ko ekAMzabhUta jJAna prApta kara lene para kUpamaNDUka hone kA upadeza hI detA hai / "nayavAdI" apane pakSa ko pratipAdita karane meM kisI bhI prakAra ke kadAgraha kA Azraya nahIM letA hai, apitu mAtra mata-prastutIkaraNa kA Azraya letA hai, cAhe usa mata ko anya vyakti svIkAra kareM yA na kreN| vyavahArika jagat meM sambhavataH nayavAda kA yaha pakSa nirbala pratIta hotA hai, kAraNa ki vyakti apane mata kI sthApanA karate samaya viSaya ke prati dRr3hatA kA paricaya zaktizAlI zabdoM se detA hai, jabaki nayavAda isa prakAra ke dRSTikoNa ke pratipAdana karane ke pakSa meM nahIM hai| 3 nayavAda kA pakSadhara kevala vastu ke ekAMzabhUta jJAna ko prApta kara lenA hI apanI jJAnapipAsA ke lie paryApta nahIM samajhatA hai apitu vaha vastu ke anyadharmoM kA bhI jJAna prApta karane ko satata yatnazIla rahatA hai / vastu ke anyadharmoM kA jJAna hone para bhI anya vyakti ke dvArA prastuta vastu sambandhI dRSTikoNoM ko nayavAdI khaMDana nahIM karatA hai apitu vaha anya ke dRSTikoNa ko zAntabhAva se sunatA hai| katipaya vidvAnoM kA yaha abhimata hai ki jainadarzana dvArA pratipAdita AMzika jJAna (nayajJAna) ne hI jagat meM pArasparika kalaha ko ugratA pradAna kI hai| vaise to pratyeka darzana isa vicitra rUpAtmaka vizva ke hI AdyopAnta vivecana meM vyasta hai kintu phira bhI dArzanika vicAroM ke UhApoha ko pratyeka darzana eka viziSTa aMza taka hI sImita rakhatA hai| darzana jagat meM pArasparika vidveSa kA kAraNa apane-apane sImita vivecanoM ko hI satya tathA nyAyasaMgata siddha karanA hai| viSaya sambandhI dArzanikoM kA dRSTikoNa hAthI ke svarUpa nirNaya ke viSaya meM jhagar3A karane vAle andha vyaktiyoM ke pArasparika dRSTikoNa ke samAna hai| kintu jainadarzana kA spaSTa mata hai ki nAnArUpiNI sattA ke aMzamAtra kA vivecana vastu kA yathArtha tathA pUrNa jJAna adhigata karane kA prathama sopAna hai, kyoMki nayavAda sAdhya nahIM apitu anekAntavAda ke svarUpa nirNaya kA sAdhana hai| ataH jainadarzana meM vaicArika bhinnatA ko to sthAna hai kintu usake kAraNa hone vAle pArasparika virodha ko sthAna nahIM hai| vicArasvAtantrya ke yuga meM caMki pratyeka vyakti hara vicAradhArA ko samaya kI upayogitA kI kasauTI para kasakara usakA mUlyAMkana karane kA pakSapAtI ho gayA hai, ataH isa vAda kI bhI upayogitA sAmAjika tathA rAjanaitika jIvana meM kucha hai athavA nahIM yaha eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| isa prazna kA samAdhAna nayavAda ke dRSTikoNa se sambhava hai| yadi Aja ke vaicArika kSetra meM vyakti naya-siddhAnta ko AdhArabhUta mAnakara viSaya yA tatva sambandhI dRSTikoNa prastuta karane kA pakSapAtI ho jAye to vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM vicAra sambandhI matabheda se hone vAlA virodha svataH samApta ho jAyegA / vyakti ko apane vicAroM ko anya para thopane kA na to samaya milegA aura na svamatapRSTi hetu Agraha karane kA vyakti ko avasara hI milegaa| jabaki isase viparIta vyakti ko dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko sahiSNatA pUrvaka sunane, samajhane kA pUrNa avasara milegA, jisase vyakti svamata kA punarmalyAMkana kara sakane kA lAbha le sakatA hai| isa prakAra vivekIkRta dRSTikoNa se na kevala vyakti kI hI unnati ho sakatI hai apitu samAja tathA deza kI unnati kA bhI mArga prazasta ho sakatA hai| unerasenanaadamaraamaase AcArgapravaa zrIAnanda AcAryapravabhigamana zrIAnanda Avi wowwwmarwarenewsms
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________________ 276 dharma aura darzana yadi vyakti (cAhe vaha rAjanaitika kSetra kA kAryakartA ho yA sAmAjika kSetra kA) kevala mAtra svamata kA hI Agraha karatA rahegA to usa vyakti ke jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM virodha kI abhivRddhi hI hotI rahegI / pariNAmataH dveSa, kaTutA, saMgharSa, hiMsA Adi burI pravRttiyoM ko janma milegaa| aise avasara para vyakti virodha para vijaya prApti hetu yena-kena-prakAreNa prayAsa karegA, jisakA phala hogA vyakti kI naitikatA kA avamUlyana / isa prakAra vyakti kI saMgaThanAtmaka tathA kriyAtmaka zakti vighaTana tathA vidhvaMsaka kAryoM kI ora abhimukha ho jAyegI, jisake pariNAma Aja hama sabhI kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM anubhava kara rahe haiN| ataH isa saMtrasta tathA kuMThAgrasta yuga kI AvazyakatA hai ki yuvAzakti ko vivekIkRta jJAna se asahiSNutA, durAgraha tathA haThavAditA ke patha se zAlInatA pUrvaka vimukha kara use vaicArika-dharAtala para sahiSNutA, saha-astitva tathA samarasatA ke siddhAnta kI ora dizA dene kii| tabhI vyakti, samAja tathA rASTra na kevala bhautika unnati ke carama bindu para pahuMca sakatA hai apitu punaH adhyAtmajagata kA gurupada adhigata kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra nayavAda kA pakSadhara vizAlahRdaya, udAracetA hokara vizvabandhutva sarvajanIna kA poSaka hokara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke "jiyo aura jIne do" ke siddhAnta kA yathArtha masIhA bana sakatA hai| bayA ra Ananda-vacanAmRta AYA 0 vidvAna aura samajhadAra se mitratA karanA kaThina hai, kiMtu nibhAnA sarala hai / murkha aura nAsamajha se mitratA karanA sarala hai, kiMtu nibhAnA kaThina hai| - sAdhAraNa manuSya Ubane para manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM kI talAza karatA hai, kiMtu jJAnI sAdhaka manonimagna (mana ke bhItara DUbane) hone kI ceSTA karatA hai| mana kA UbanA pramAda hai, mana ke bhItara DUbanA sAdhanA hai| 0 kAma karate-karate thaka jAne para nIrasatA AtI hai, kAma karate-karate paka jAne para sarasatA milatI hai| 7 zikSA se bhI adhika mahatva hai saMskAroM kaa| azikSita vyakti yA kama zikSita vyakti bhI sAdhanA ke patha para bar3ha sakatA hai, aura sAdhanA ke carama zikhara taka pahu~ca bhI sakatA hai, kiMtu saMskAra-hIna vyakti ke lie sAdhanApatha para eka caraNa rakhane ko bhI sthAna nahIM / l 1 saMskArahInatA sAdhanA kA sabase pahalA zatru hai| 0 zikSA se saMskAra jageM yA nahIM, para susaMskAroM se zikSA (jJAna) avazya prApta ho jAtI hai| saMskAra-hIna zikSA niSprANa deha kI sajjA hai| saMskAra-yukta zikSA prANavAna deha kA zrRMgAra hai /