Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nArI jAgaraNa ke preraka bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra evaM vartamAna nArI samAja -zrI caMdanamala "cAMda' ema.e. sAhityaratna jIvana rupI ratha ke do pahiye haiM puruSa aura naarii| ina donoM ke sAmaMjasya aura saMtulana se hI jIvana kI gAr3I niraMtara calatI hai| samaya-samaya para utthAna-patana ke krama se nArI jAti ne aneka utAra-car3hAva dekhe haiN| vizva ke lagabhaga sabhI dharmoM ne siddhAntata: to nArI kI mahimA gAI hai kintu vyavahAra meM puruSa kI apekSA nArI ko hIna mAnA gayA haiN| bhAratIya darzana meM eka ora to "yatra nAryastu pUjyaMte ramante tatra devatA" kI ghoSaNA huI aura zakti, buddhi evaM dhana kI adiSThatA kramaza: durgA, sarasvatI evaM lakSmI ko mAnakara pUjA kI gaI haiM kintu dUsarI ora vyavahArika kSetra meM nArI samAja pIDita, zoSita, upekSita aura hIna hI rhaa| nAriyoM ko kevala bhogyA, pAMva kI jUtI samajhanevAlA puruSa use gahane AbhUSaNoM ke pralobhana meM bAMdhakara rakhatA hai| usake tana ko bhogatA rahA kintu mana ke andara jhAMkane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| nArI apane kSamA, dhairya, sahanazIlatA, mRdutA aura sevA jaise guNoM se puruSoM kA pIDita pItI rahI kintu yuga badalA aura nArI jAgaraNa kI eka lahara utthii| nArI jAgaraNa kI lahara Adhunika nahIM hai aura bhArata meM nArI jAgRti kA itihAsa likhane vAle yadi rAjArAma mohana raoNya se nArI jAgaNa kI bAta likhate haiM to bhUla karate hai| nArI jAgaraNa kA zaMkhanAda Aja se lagabhaga aDhAI hajAra varSoM pUrva bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra ne kiyA thaa| unhoMne kevala apane upadezeM meM hI yaha ghoSa nahIM kiyA balki vhavahArika rupa meM dharma ke kSetra meM nAriyoM ko barAbarI kA darjA dekara unakI mahattA siddha kI thii| / tIrthaMkara bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra apane yuga ke aise mahAmAnava aura yuga puruSa the jinhoMne usa yuga kI sAmantavAdI vyavasthA, nArI-dAsatA, parigraha, zoSaNa jAtivAda Adi burAIyoM ke khilApha muktakaMTha se krAMti kA svara bulaMda kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevala vaicArika krAMti kA bIja hI nahIM boyA balki use vyavahArika rupa bhI diyaa| lagabhaga aDhAI hajAra varSoM pUrva tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIra ne jo upadeza diyA vaha Aja bhI utanA hI upayogI evaM kAlAtIta hai| mahAvIra ne prANImAtra ke prati samabhAva, maitrI, karuNA, aparigraha evaM ahiMsA kA jo upadeza diyA vaha vartamAna yuga ke saMdarbha meM aura bhI adhika upayogI hai| mahAvIra kA darzana unake sudIrdha sAdhanA evaM tapa ke anubhavoM para AdhArita kaivalyajJAna se Alokita thaa| unhoMne "mItti meM savva bhuesu" kA udghoSa karate hue zAzvata sukha mokSa mArga kA upadeza diyA evaM lokahitAya bhI ve apanI vANI aura vyavahAra se samatA kA mArgadarzana karate rhe| tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIra ke aneka pahaluoM meM se kevala nArI jAgaraNa ke sambandha meM hI yadi vicAra kareM to lagatA hai ki ve nArI jAgaraNa ke agradUta the| mahAvIra yuga meM nArI kevala bhogyAthI, puruSa varga use pAva kI jutI samajhatA thaa| bahu-vivAha kA pracalata thA aura khule Ama dAsiyoM ke rupa meM nArI kI bolI bolI jAtI thii| nArI samAja bhI vastra, AbhUSaNoM meM hI svayaM ko Asakta banAkara apane adhikAra aura kartavya ko bhUkAbaiThA thaa| dhArmika, sAmAjika saMsAra meM pratyeka puruSa ke jIvana meM Atma nirIkSaNa dvArA zuddhi ke eka-do avasara milate hai| 325
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ rAjanaitika Adi kSetroM meM nArI puruSa se hIna samajhI jAtI thii| bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra ne jAtivAda ke sAtha-sAtha liMgavAda para bhI kaDA prahAra karate hue "bhAve vaMdha, bhAve mokSa" kI ghoSaNA kii| puruSoM ke samAna hI pUjA ArAdhanA kA adhikAra nAriyoM ko diyA, zrAvaka ke samAna hI zrAvikAeM bhI "bAraha vrata" pAlana kara upAsikA pAlana kara upAsikA bana sakatI hai, aisA nirdeza kiyaa| svayaM tIrthakara mahAvIra ne apane dharma saMgha meM caMdanA jaisI dAsI ke rupa meM bikI huI nArI ko dIkSita kiyA evaM chattIsa hajAra sAdhviyoM kA pramukhA pada diyaa| mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sAdhuoM kI apekSA sAdhviyAM tathA zrAvakoM kI apekSA zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA adhika thii| nArI aura puruSa kA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bheda nahIM karane vAle krAMti dUta mahAvIra ne mahilA samAja ko bhoga, vilAsa, phaizana se mukta banAkara saMyama, sAdagI, sevA kA mArga btaayaa| eka Adarza mAtA ke rupa meM, pativratA patnI ke rupa meM nArI hI puruSa ko saMskArI zIlavAna evaM suzIla banA sakatI hai| mahAvIra kI jananI bhI to mAtA trizalA nArI hI thI aura isI prakAra sRSTi ke sabhI mahApuruSoM ko janma dene vAlI, lAlana-pAlana karane vAlI nArI jAti ke prati usa yuga meM hone vAle bheda bhAva, atyAcAra Adi ke khilApha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sabala svara meM virodha hI nahIM kiyA balki vyavahArika kSetra meM nArI ko supratiSThita bhI kiyaa| jo nArI kevala bhoga aura vAsanA kA sAdhana thI use pUjyA, AdaraNIyA banAkara dikhaayaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna tathAgata buddha ne bhI apane dharma saMgha meM nArI ko dikSita to kiyA parantu prArambha meM ve hicakicAye kintu mahAvIra ne kSaNabhara kI bhI duvidhA na rakhate hue nArI jAti ko sammAnIya, gauravazAlI evaM AdaraNIya mAnakara apane saMgha meM dIkSita kiyaa| Adhunika yuga meM nArI jAgaraNa, nArI svataMtratA kI jo mAMga uTha rahI haiM aura nArI puruSa ke barAbara apane kAryakauzala kA pradarzana kara rahI hai usameM yadi mahAvIra kI zikSA saMyama, sAdagI, sevA Adi nAriyoM samAveza kara sake to nArI jAgaraNa sArthaka hogaa| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA ghoSa thaa| "uTThie No pamAyae" uTho pramAda mata kro| jaina samAja meM nAriyoM kI Adhunika yuga meM kyA sthiti haiM isa para vicAra kreN| jo kama par3he-likhe vyApArI haiM unakI bahu-beTiyAM bhI thor3I sI zikSA pAtI haiN| dUsarA varga vaha hai jo suzikSita hai aura sarakArI naukariyoM athavA bar3e padoM para yA sI.e. Adi kSetroM meM haiM ina suzikSita parivAroM meM bahueM bhI par3hI likhI AtI haiM, aura beTiyoM ko bhI zikSA dilAI jAtI hai| jahAM zikSA kama hai vahAM ajJAna kA aMdhakAra hone se rur3hiyoM kA bolabAlA hai, jAgRti kA abhAva hai aura unakI duniyA ghara kI dIvAroM taka athavA AbhUSaNa evaM kapaDe bartanoM kI dukAna taka hI sImita haiN| dUsarI ora jahAM zikSA hai vahAM apavAda choDakara lagabhaga phaizana, ADambara adhika bar3hA hai| klaba, hoTaloM, sinemAoM taka unhoMne apanI paridhi baDhAI haiM kintu ghara kA lagAva kama hone se ghara kI garimA ghaTI hai| zikSita mahilAoM ke rahana-sahana, vastroM Adi meM AbhijAtyapana AyA hai aura usane unheM sabhya to banAyA haiM kintu saMskAra kama hue haiN| gharoM meM bhAratIya saMskRti kA prabhAva ghaTa rahA hai| mAtRbhASA aura purAne rIti-rivAja ke prati virakti baDhI haiM aura pazcimI sabhyatA evaM aMgrejI bhASA, rahana-sahana ko pramukhatA dekara yaha siddha karane 326 jisa hAtha se kiyA hai, jisa hRdaya se kiyA hai, usI hAtha aura hRdaya ko bhugatanA bhI par3atA hai|
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kA bhauMDA prayAsa ho rahA hai ki hamArA rahana-sahana sTeMDarDa kA hai, hama adhika sabhya hai| vastuta: vastroM, TebaloM, kursiyoM aura adhakacarI videzI bhASA se sabhyatA evaM saMskRti nahIM Ati hai| sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA vikAsa jIvana ke AcAra evaM vyavahAra meM hotA hai| hamArA samAja saMkrAti kAla meM hai| eka ora purAnI rudayoM ke baMdhana haiM,to dUsarI ora ustukatA ke sthAna para ucchakhalatA hai| kahIM madhyamavargIya samAja kA bApa apanI byAha yogya kanyA ke lie daheja kI ciMtA meM ghula rahA hai to kahIM eka-eka zAdI meM lAkhoM rupaye sajAvaTa evaM AtizabAjI meM hI phUMke jA rahe haiN| kahIM nAriyAM kevala bhogyA, dInahIna ajJAna ke aMdhere meM ghuTa rahIM haiM aura kucha mahilAeM phaizana kI titalI banakara klaboM evaM hoTalo meM jAkara apanA dharma, apanI saMskRti evaM khAnapAna ko hI bigADa rahI hai| aisI sthiti meM hamArI vinamra rAya meM samAja ko nArI jAgaraNa kA sahI dizA meM prayatna karanA caahie| zikSA kA pracAra-prasAra baDhe kintu usake duSpariNAmoM se bacane kI sAvadhAnI rakhI jaay| purAnI rur3hiyoM ke baMdhana tor3e jAyeM lekina naI prathAeM, naye ADambara aura pradarzana nahIM panapane paayeN| mRtyu bhoja samApta ho cale haiM aura eka rudi TUTi hai kintu "barthaDe" pArTiyo kA joradAra pracalana cala par3A hai| vivAha meM gAMva kI birAdarI kA bhoja baMda huA hai lekina phAIva sTAra hoTaloM meM khar3e-khar3e bhoja kI prathAeM cala nikalI haiN| ata: hameM purAnA chor3ane aura nayA grahaNa karane meM bahuta sAvadhAnI evaM viveka rakhanA hogaa| dekhA-dekhI kucha bhI karanA ucita nahIM hai| bhAratIya nArI samAja eka mahAna paramparA, mahAna saMskRti kI dharohara kA dAyitva lie hue hai| nAriyAM hI apane ghara ko susaMskArI banAtI hai, bAlakoM meM saMskAra bharatI haiM ata: svayaM unakA jIvana Adarza, saMskAramaya honA jarurI hai| hameM hamAre tIrthaMkaroM kA anaMta upakAra mAnanA cAhie aura unake batAye mArga para sadA calane kA prayatna karanA caahie| bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra nArI jAti kI hI dena haiM, aura vizva ke sabhI mahApuruSa, vibhUtiyAM nArI jAti kI kokha se hI janmI haiM ata: mAtRzakti kI mahimA kA pAra nahIM hai| nArI ko apanI mahimA aura apane Adarza banAye rakhane ke lie bhoga vilAsa ke pralobhanoM ko tyAganA cAhie aura dUsarI ora ajJAna ke kAraNa aMdhavizvAsoM evaM rur3hiyoM ke baMdhano se bhI mukta honA caahie| bhAratIya mahilA varga jAgaruka hai aura adhika saceSTa banegA aura usakA bhaviSya ujjavala hai, aisA merA vizvAsa hai| jise koI ciMtA nahI hotI usakI nindrA se gADhI dostI hotI hai| 327