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________________ mUlAcAra : eka adhyayana mUlAcAra ko Aja digambara jaina paramparA meM AgamasthAnIya grantha ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha grantha mukhyataH sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra se sambandhita hai| jaina paramparA meM adhikAMza Agamika sAhitya mukhyataH sAdhu-sAdhvI ke AcAra athavA unake jIvana vRttoM se sambandhita hai| mUlAcAra bhI eka AcAraparaka grantha hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM isakI gAthAoM ko AcArAMga kI gAthA kahakara uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga bhI muni - AcAra kA grantha hai, phira bhI AcArAMga aura mUlAcAra meM viSayavastu aura prastutIkaraNa kI zailI kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa antara hai / sambhavataH jaba digambara paramparA meM AcArAMga ko lupta mAna liyA gayA, to usake sthAna para mUlAcAra ko hI AcArAMga ke rUpa meM dekhA jAne lgaa| mUlAcAra ke sambandha meM sarvaprathama vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki vaha kisa paramparA kA grantha hai? yaha sunizcita satya hai ki yaha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM hai| isake do kAraNa haiM- prathama to yaha ki yaha muni ke acelakatva para digambara paramparA ke samAna hI bala detA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga Adi kucha prAcIna stara ke zvetAmbara mAnya Agama granthoM meM acelakatva kA ullekha hai, phira bhI ve acelakatva para utanA bala nahIM dete jitanA ki mUlAcAra meM diyA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM acelakatva kA ekAnta rUpa se pratipAdana nahIM huA hai, usake prathama zrutaskandha meM hI muni ke vastragrahaNa sambandhI kucha ullekha bhI pAye jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki digambara paramparA meM use asvIkRta kara usake bhI lupta hone kI ghoSaNA kara dI gyii| mUlAcAra meM muni ke acelakatva para jo bala diyA gayA hai usase spaSTa hai ki yaha grantha zvetAmbara paramparA kA nahIM hai| dUsare mUlAcAra kI bhASA mukhyata: jaina zaurasenI prAkRta hai / yaha bAta bhinna hai ki usa para kahIM-kahIM mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva haiN| koI bhI grantha zvetAmbara paramparA meM zaurasenI prAkRta meM nahIM likhA gayA hai, ataH yaha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM ho sktaa| isase svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kyA yaha digambara paramparA kA grantha hai ? ise spaSTa rUpa se digambara paramparA kA grantha bhI nahIM kahA jA
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________________ 112 sktaa| isameM kucha aise tathya bhI haiM jo digambara paramparA meM mAnya nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha isameM strI-mukti se sambandhita nimna gAthA pAI jAtI hai - evaM vidhANacariyaM caritaM je sAdhavo ya ajjAo / te jagapujjaM kitti suhaM ca ladUNa sijjhati // isa gAthA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'jo sAdhu-sAdhvI isa prakAra kI caryA kA pAlana karate haiM, ve jagatpUjyatva evaM kIrtisukha ko prApta kara mukti ko prApta karate haiN| yadyapi digambara paramparA ke kucha vidvAnoM ne isa gAthA kI vyAkhyA bhavAntara mukti ke sandarbha meM karake, ise apanI paramparA se sambaddha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jisa para hama Age vistRta carcA kareMge / yahA~ hamArA mantavya itanA hI hai ki yaha gAthA digambara paramparA ke virodha meM avazya jAtI hai| jaina paramparA AcAra pradhAna hai, yadyapi usameM sAdhanApatha meM cAritra ke sAthasAtha jJAna aura darzana (bhakti) ko bhI sthAna prApta hai| kintu ve jaba taka AcaraNa se saMyukta nahIM hote taba taka mokSa kI upalabdhi karAne meM sakSama nahIM mAne gaye haiN| mokSa kI upalabdhi kA antima kAraNa to samyak cAritra hI mAnA gayA hai| usameM darzana aura jJAna bhI AcaraNa kA aMga hai| svayaM mUlAcAra meM darzana aura jJAna ko bhI pA~ca AcAroM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jJAna aura darzana mAtra bodha yA AsthA kI vastue~ nahIM haiM, ve bhI jIvana meM jIne ke lie haiN| mUlAcAra meM jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, caritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura vIryAcAra ke rUpa meM pA~ca AcAroM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jaina paramparA AcAra pradhAna hai ! punaH jaina AgamoM meM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra kI dArzanika vicAradhArAoM kA ullekha hai| inameM bhI jaina apane Apa ko kriyAvAdI ke hI nikaTa mAnate haiN| AcArAMgasUtra ke prArambha meM hI mahAvIra ne kahA ki jo AtmA ko aura usake (caturgati meM ) saMcaraNa ko arthAt punarjanma ko mAnatA hai, vahI AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, kriyAvAdI aura karmavAdI hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA AcAra pradhAna siddha hotI hai| isa tathya kA eka anya pramANa yaha bhI hai ki jaina paramparA meM grantha nirmANa kI prakriyA meM sarvaprathama AcArAMga kI racanA huI, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| Aja mahAvIra kI nirgrantha zramaNa paramparA mukhyata: do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara / zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aja bhI jo prAcIna Agamika grantha upalabdha haiM unameM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, AcAradazA
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________________ mUlAcAra : eka adhyayana : 113 (dazAzrutaskaMdha) vyavahAra kalpa, jItakalpa, nizItha, mahAnizItha, Avazyaka Adi sabhI muni AcAra se sambandhita haiN| kintu durbhAgya se digambara paramparA ke pAsa ina AcAra pradhAna prAcIna granthoM kI kamI hai| paNDita nAthUrAma jI premI ke zabdoM meM digambara paramparA meM muniyoM ke AcAra sambandhI granthoM kI bahuta kamI hai| prAcIna granthoM meM le dekara mUlAcAra hI eka grantha hai jo prAcIna jAna par3atA hai| vIranandi kA AcArazAstra, AzAdhara kA anagAradharmAmRta Adi uttaravartI grantha isIke AdhAra para likhe gaye haiN| mUlAcAra kA digambara paramparA yA acela paramparA meM kitanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai vaha to isase hI siddha ho jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra kI digambara TIkAoM tathA SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM AcArAMga ke nAma se mUlAcAra kI gAthAoM ko hI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| merI jAnakArI meM sampUrNa digambara jaina sAhitya meM muni AcAra kA pratipAdaka mUlAcAra ko chor3akara anya koI bhI prAcIna grantha nahIM hai| yadyapi yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai ki kyA mUlAcAra vastuta: AcArya kundakunda kI vartamAna digambara jaina paramparA kA grantha ho sakatA hai| isa prazna para hama Age gambhIratA se vicAra kreNge| phira bhI yaha nirvivAda hai ki Aja digambara jaina paramparA ise muni AcAra ke pratipAdaka Agama sthAnIya grantha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| isase isa grantha kI mahattA svaMya hI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| yaha bhI prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki pUrva ke tIna saMskaraNoM "muni anantakIrti digambara jaina granthamAlA giragA~va, mumbaI I. san 1919; mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA 1912, zAntisAgara jaina grantha prakAzaka sabhA, phalaTana 1954 I. ke tIna sthAnoM se prakAzita hone ke pazcAt aba yaha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA ke antargata bhAratIya jJAnapITha se puna: prakAzita huA hai| jahA~ taka isa grantha ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kA prazna hai, paM. nAthUrAma premI, paNDita sukhalAla jI saMghavI Adi kucha vidvAnoM ke zodhaparaka lekhoM ke atirikta yaha grantha upekSita hI rhaa| yadyapi ina donoM vidvAnoM ne apane laghu nibandhoM meM isase sambandhita kucha praznoM para atyanta gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA hai| yaha hamAre lie prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki DaoN. phUlacanda 'premI' ne isa grantha ko apane zodha-prabandha kA viSaya banAyA aura gambhIratA pUrvaka isake vividha pakSoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| isase adhika prasannatA kA viSaya yaha hai ki unakA yaha zodha-prabandha hamAre samakSa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI se prakAzita huA hai| yaha eka bhinna prazna ho sakatA hai ki hama DaoN. phUlacanda 'premI' ke niSkarSoM se kitane aura kitanI sImA taka sahamata haiM,
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________________ 114 parantu DaoN. phUlacanda 'premI' kI yaha kRti tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa mAnI jA sakatI hai| jahA~ taka mUlAcAra meM pratipAdita viSayoM ke vivaraNAtmaka vivecana kA prazna hai, maiM koI adhika vistRta vivecana prastuta nahIM karanA cAhatA, yadyapi AcAra ke una sabhI niyamoM ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se paryApta rUpa se vivecana kiyA jAnA apekSita hai, kintu ise bhaviSya ke vivecana ke lie chor3akara maiM kevala grantha svarUpa, granthakAra aura usakI paramparA Adi para hI saMkSepa meM vicAra prastuta karanA caahNgaa| yadyapi ina praznoM para DaoN. phUlacanda jaina ne bhI vicAra kiyA hai kintu na to unake vicAroM ko aura na hI mere vicAroM ko aMtima kahA jA sakatA hai| merI apekSA to yahI hai ki isa prakAra ke cintana anucintana se isa grantha ke vividha pakSoM ke adhyayana kI dhArA nirantara pravAhita hotI rhe| vidvAnoM se apekSA hai ki yuktipUrvaka samIkSA ke mAdhyama se isa grantha ke sambandha meM aura adhika prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kreN| mUlAcAra ke kartA sarvaprathama hama isa grantha ke kartA ke sambandha meM vicAra kreNge| mUlAcAra ke kartA ke prazna ko lekara mukhya rUpa se do prakAra kI mAnyatAeM pracalita haiN| kucha loga ise AcArya kundakunda kI kRti mAnate haiM to dUsarI ora kucha loga ise AcArya vaTTakera kI kRti mAnate haiN| jo loga ise AcArya kundakunda kI kRti mAnate haiM unakA eka mAtra AdhAra mUlAcAra kI kucha pratiyoM meM aMtimaprazasti meM "kunkundAcAryapraNItamUlAcArAsya'' vivRtti kRtiriyam vasunandIna: zrIzramaNasya" yaha ullekha pAyA jAnA hai| mUlAcAra kI vasunandi ke vRtti ke atirikta muni cintAmaNi kI eka TIkA bhI mUlAcAra para milatI hai| isakI puSpikA meM bhI "kundakundAcAryadeva viracite mUlAcAre" aisA likhA huA hai| ina do ullekhoM ke atirikta mUlAcAra AcArya kundakunda kI kRti hai, aisA kahIM bhI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| Azcarya to yaha hai ki mUlAcAra kI vasunandi kI vRtti ke prArambha aura anta meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se isake kartA zrI vaTTakerAcArya kA ullekha milatA hai| jaba svayaM vRttikAra hI ise zrImadAcArya vaTTakera praNIta mUlAcAra ullekha karatA hai to phira isa zaMkA ke lie koI sthAna nahIM rahatA ki yaha vaTTakera kI kRti nahIM hai aura taba paravartI kisI lipikAra ke dvArA grantha ke anta meM kunkunda kA nAma ullekha kara dene mAtra se ise kundakunda kA grantha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| muni cintAmaNI nAyaka kI jo mUlAcAra para TIkA upalabdha hai, vaha vasanandi ke bAda kI hai aura usakI prati bhI prAcIna nahIM hai| ata: usakI puSpikA meM kundakunda kA
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________________ mUlAcAra : eka adhyayana : 115 ullekha mUlAcAra ke kartA ke rUpa meM honA adhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha mAtra digambara paramparA meM kundakunda ke prati jo zraddhAtireka hai usakA hI pariNAma kahA jA sakatA hai| hama eka bAta aura yahA~ spaSTa kara denA cAheMge ki yadi " bArassa aNuvekaravA" ko chor3akara kundakunda ke anya sabhI granthoM kI kula 21 gAthAeM mUlAcAra meM samasta rUpa se pAyI jAtI haiM to isa AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAla lenA ki yaha AcArya kundakunda kI kRti hai, kisI bhI dRSTi se ucita nahIM hai| punaH kundakunda ke granthoM kI jo gAthAe~ mUlAcAra meM milatI haiM unameM se aneka zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI milatI haiN| yadi isI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 65 gAthAeM samAna haiM, kintu kyA isa samAnatA ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUlAcAra zivArya kI racanA hai| isase bhI aura mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke prakIrNakoM aura Avazyaka niryukti kI 300 se adhika gAthAeM mUlAcAra meM upalabdha hotI haiM to kyA isa AdhAra para yaha mAna liyA jAe ki yaha zvetAmbara paramparA ke kisI AcArya kI kRti hai / mAtra 21 gAthAoM kI samAnatA ko lekara ise kundakunda kI kRti batAnA samucita nahIM hai / digambara paramparA ke bahuzruta vidvAna paM. nAthUrAmajI premI ne aneka sabala takoM ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki yaha grantha kundakunda kA to ho hI nahIM sakatA, apitu unakI paramparA kA bhI grantha nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA to hama grantha kI paramparA para vicAra karate samaya kareMge aura batAyeMge ki yaha grantha kundakunda kI paramparA kA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yahA~ to mAtra premIjI ke zabdoM meM itanA hI kahanA cAheMge ki " ina saba bAtoM se mUlAcAra kundakunda kI paramparA kA grantha nahIM mAlUma hotA hai| vidvAnoM se nivedana hai ki vaTTakera ko kundakunda banAne kA prayatna na karake isa grantha kA jarA aura gaharAI se adhyayana karake yathArtha ko samajhane kI ceSTA kreN| yaha suspaSTa hai ki mUlAcAra ke kartA kundakunda nahIM haiM" / mUlAcAra ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke kartA svayaM DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' bhI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki "uparyukta samAnatAoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUlAcAra aura AcArya kundakunda dvArA racita granthoM meM kucha samAnatAeM avazya haiM phira bhI mUlAcAra aura AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM ke gahana adhyetA vidvAna bhI mUlAcAra ko AcArya kundakunda dvArA racita nahIM kaha skte|" isase phalita to yahI hotA hai ki unakI dRSTi se mUlAcAra ke kartA kundakunda usI mUlasaMgha ke pradhAna AcArya the, jisa paramparA meM unake pazcAt AcArya vaTTakera hue, jinhoMne usI paramparA ke poSaka zramaNoM ke bhI
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________________ 116 lie AcAra-vyavahAra kA eka saccA evaM suvyavasthita saMvidhAna mUlAcAra ke rUpa meM lipibaddha kiyA aura mUlasaMgha kI avicchina tathA ucca paramparA kA sAkSAta darzana karAne vAle usa grantha kA nAma mUlAcAra rkhaa| DaoN. phUlacanda 'premI' kI dRSTi se vaTTakera aura AcArya kundakunda donoM hI eka hI paramparA ke poSaka haiN| ata: mUlAcAra meM kundakunda ke granthoM kA prabhAva unakI dRSTi meM Azcarya kA viSaya nahIM hai| ve yaha bhI spaSTa rUpa se mAnate haiM ki vaTTakera kundakunda ke pazcAtvartI the| isa sambandha meM merA unase matabheda hai| svayaM mUlAcAra meM hI aise aneka tathya upasthita haiM, jisase mUlAcAra ko kundakunda kI paramparA kA grantha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isapara hama Age carcA kreNge| yahA~ hamArA pratipAdya mAtra yahI hai ki AcArya vaTTakera ko hI mUlAcAra kA praNetA mAnA jA sakatA hai| mUlAcAra kI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM aura usakI vRtti meM vaTTakera aura kundakunda donoM ke hI ullekha milane se digambara paramparA ke kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha anumAna lagA liyA ki vaTTakera aura kundakunda eka hI vyakti hoNge| yahA~ taka ki unhoMne vaTTakera ko kundakunda kA vizeSaNa siddha karane kA bhI prayatna kiyA aura 'vaTTaka' kA artha pravartaka aura 'irA' kA artha vANI batA diyaa| kintu ve apanI isa vyAkhyA ke vyAmoha meM yaha bAta bhUla gaye ki 'vaTTakera' zabda saMskRta yA prAkRta kA zabda nahIM hai| zrI AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye spaSTa rUpa se isa prayatna ko anucita batAte hue kahate haiM ki yaha saba tarka-kauzala aura zabdakauzala mAtra hai| 'vaTTakera' zabda saMskRta se niSpanna hai yA nahIM, jaba isI meM saMdeha hai to usakI saMskRta vyutpatti denA kevala Agraha hai| unhoMne isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki 'vaTTakera' zabda kannar3a bhASA kA zabda hai aura yaha sthAnasUcaka zabda hai "vaTTa" zabda kA artha parvata aura 'kerI' zabda kA artha rAstA yA galI hotA hai| ata: 'vaTTakera' zabda parvata ke samIpa tAlAba se yukta kisI sthAna yA gAMva kA nAma ho sakatA hai athavA vaha kisI mohalle kA nAma ho sakatA hai| kArIkala ke padmAvatI devI ke maMdira ke eka abhilekha meM "vaTTakerI" gAMva kA do bAra ullekha AyA hai| yaha abhilekha zaka saMvat 1397 kA hai| isase yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki vaTTakerI nAma kA koI gAMva 15vIM zatAbdI meM astitvavAna thA, sambhavataH mUlAcAra ke kartA isI gAMva ke nivAsI rahe hoNge| dakSiNa meM vyakti ke nAma ke prArambha meM gAMva ke nAma kA ullekha karane kI paramparA Aja bhI hai| ata: paM. nAthUrAma premI kA yaha anumAna ucita hI hai ki mUlAcAra ke kartA vaTTakera apane gAMva ke nAma se hI prasiddha haiN| unakA mUla nAma kyA thA aba vismRti ke garbha meM calA gayA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM maiM nAthUrAma premI aura mUlAcAra ke samIkSAtmaka
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________________ mUlAcAra : eka adhyayana : 117 adhyayana ke lekhaka DaoN. phUlacanda jaina se isa sambandha meM pUrNatayA sahamata hU~ ki mUlAcAra ke kartA AcArya kundakunda aura vaTTakera eka hI vyakti nahIM haiM aura AcArya vaTTakera hI isa grantha ke praNetA haiN| kyA mUlAcAra saMgraha grantha hai ? kyA mulAcAra saMgraha grantha hai? yadyapi paramparAgata rUpa se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki AcArya vaTTakera mUlAcAra ke racayitA haiM, kintu vRttikAra vasunandi ko chor3akara anyatra kahIM bhI isa grantha ke kartA ke rUpa meM vaTTakera kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| grantha ke Adi aura anta meM bhI lekhaka ne kahIM bhI apane nAma kA saMketa nahIM diyA hai| ata: kucha vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM yaha vicAra AyA ki vastuta: mUlAcAra kA lekhaka koI nahIM hai| ise saMgraha grantha mAnane vAloM kI paramparA meM paM. paramAnandajI, paM. narottama zAstrI aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke muni darzanavijayajI aura paM. sukhalAlajI kA ullekha huA hai| inameM paM. paramAnanda jI apanI pUrva mAnyatA kA khaNDana karake ise AcArya vaTTakera kI maulika kRti mAnate haiN| isa sambandha meM unhoMne apanA eka vistRta lekha "anekAnta" varSa 12, kiraNa 11 meM prakAzita kiyA hai| yadyapi paM. sukhalAlajI aura muni darzanavijayajI ise saMgraha grantha mAnate haiM kintu saMgraha grantha mAnane kA AdhAra yaha hai ki isameM AgamoM, niyuktiyoM, prakIrNakoM se adhikAMza gAthAeM lI gaI haiN| isakI 300 se adhika gAthAeM uttarAdhyayana, Avazyakaniyukti, piMDaniyukti, jIvasamAsa, mahApaccakkhANa, AurapaccakhAna aura yApanIya paramparA ke grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA se yathAvata rUpa se milatI haiN| isa prazna para hama alaga se carcA kareMge ki ye gAthAeM mUlAcAra ke kartA ne ina granthoM se lI hai athavA mUlAcAra se ye gAthAeM una granthoM meM gaI haiN| vastuta: mUlAcAra se ina gAthAoM kA niyukti Adi meM jAne kA prazna isalie nahIM uThatA hai ki mUlAcArakAra svayaM hI "Avasaya nijjuttiM vocchAmi" kahakara hI ina gAthAoM kA ullekha karatA hai| ata: yaha mAnanA ki niyukti Adi ke racanAkAroM ne mUlAcAra se ye gAthAeM lI hogI, kadApi sambhava nahIM hai| mAtra yahI nahIM mUlAcAra ke pUre ke pUre adhyAya isa bAta ke sUcaka haiM ki ve kisI eka grantha vizeSa se saMkalita haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM "Atura pratyAkhyAna' kI 70 gAthAoM meM 60 gAthAeM mUlAcAra ke vratapratyAkhyAna meM samAna yA alpAdhika antara se milatI haiN| SaDAvazyaka meM Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthAeM haiN| paMcAcAra adhikAra meM uttarAdhyayana aura bhagavatIArAdhanA kI gAthAeM adhika haiN| piNDavizuddhi adhikAra meM piNDavizuddhi nAmaka zvetAmbara grantha kI aneka gAthAeM milatI haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke samAcArI
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________________ 118 adhyayana se bhI kucha gAthAeM milatI haiN| ata: ina AdhAroM para yahI mAnanA hogA ki ye gAthAeM bhUlAcArakAra ne anya granthoM se hI lI haiN| jaba vaha Avazyakaniyukti ko kahane kI pratijJA karake Avazyakaniryukti kI gAthAeM prastuta karatA hai, to isase phalita yahI hotA hai ki vaha na kevala usa grantha se paricita hai, apitu use hI prastuta bhI kara rahA hai| isI prakAra bhUlAcAra meM "jadaM care jadaM ciTThe" ke rUpa meM dazavaikAlika kI gAthAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM to hama yaha to nahIM kaha sakate ki dazavaikAlika meM ye gAthAe~ mUlAcAra se lI gaI haiM, kyoMki bhASA, bhAva, racayitA Adi kI dRSTi se vidvAnoM ko isa sambandha meM koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhie ki dazavaikAlika mUlAcAra se prAcIna hai| ataH itanA to nizcita hai ki isa grantha meM anya granthoM kI gAthAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| mUlAcAra meM aneka gAthAeM aisI haiM jo do-do bAra AI haiN| isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki mUlAcAra eka saMgraha grantha hai / punaH mUlAcAra meM aneka gAthAoM meM spaSTa antarvirodha hai, isase bhI yaha phalita hotA hai ki vaha saMgraha grantha hai| kintu isase yaha nahIM mAna lenA cAhie ki grantha kartA ne apanI maulikatA kA koI paricaya hI nahIM diyA hai| spaSTataH mUlAcAra eka uddezyapUrNa racanA hai| usameM muni AcAra ke pratipAdana ke uddezya ko lekara hI gAthAoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, mujhe yaha mAnane meM bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai ki usakI aneka gAthAeM svayaM kartA kI racanA ho sakatI haiN| vastuta: jisa prakAra eka mAlI vibhinna kusumoM kA saMcaya karake eka suniyojita uddezya se kisI viziSTa mAlA kA nirmANa karatA hai usI prakAra AcArya vaTTakera ne isa grantha kI racanA kii| ataH nirNaya rUpa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya vaTTakera ne vibhinna granthoM se sAmagrI kA saMkalana karake eka suniyojita DhaMga se apanI paramparA ke muniyoM ke AcAra ke lie isa grantha kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| jina vidvAnoM ko ise saMgraha grantha mAnane meM Apatti hotI hai ve kabhI-kabhI aisA vicitra tarka dete haiM ki bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI taka digambara zvetAmbara jaise bhedoM kI sRSTi nahIM huI thI, usa samaya taka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zAsana yathAjAtamudrA rUpa meM hI cala rahA thA, unake dvArA racita niryuktiyAM usa samaya sAdhu samAja meM pracalita thIM, khAsakara unake ziSyoM-praziSyoM meM unakA paThana-pAThana barAbara cala rahA thaa| aisI sthiti meM mUlAcAra meM kucha gAthAoM kI samAnatA para se AdAnapradAna kI kalpanA karanA saMgata nahIM jAna pdd'taa| Azcarya isa bAta ko lekara hotA hai ki yadi digambara paramparA meM niyuktiyoM kA paThana-pAThana barAbara cala rahA thA to phira ve acAnaka lupta kaise ho gaIM aura digambara paramparA meM pracalita tattvArthasUtra
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________________ mUlAcAra : eka adhyayana : 119 kI vyAkhyAoM meM athavA anya TIkAoM meM unake uddharaNa kyoM nahIM Aye ? punaH jo bhadrabAhu digambara zvetAmbara ke vibhAjana ke pUrva hue haiM, ve bhadrabAhu niryuktiyoM ke racanAkAra nahIM haiM, ve anya bhadrabAhu kI racanAe~ haiM, kyoMki svayaM niyuktiyoM meM hI unhoMne bhadrabAhu kI vandanA kI hai| yaha to sambhava nahIM thA ki lekhaka svaMya hI apane ko praNAma kre| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki na kevala mUlAcAra meM niyuktiyoM aura prakIrNakoM kI gAthAeM sammilita kI gaI haiM, apitu usakI racanA bhI inake bAda kI hI hai| yadi niyuktiyAM digambara paramparA meM mAnya aura pracalita thIM, to aisA kauna sA kAraNa upasthita ho gayA ki usa paramparA ne una niyuktiyoM kA tyAga kara diyaa| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki jina granthoM para ye niryuktiyAM thIM una granthoM ke lupta ho jAne se ye niryuktiyAM bhI lupta ho gaI hoM to yaha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki aneka grantha lupta ho gaye aura unakI vyAkhyAe~ Aja bhI upalabdha haiM, punaH yadi yaha mAnA jAe ki jina granthoM para niyuktiyAM likhI gaIM unheM asvIkAra kara dene ke kAraNa unakI niyuktiyoM ko bhI asvIkAra kara diyA, to isakA phalita yaha hogA ki ve niyuktiyAM unakI apanI paramparA kI nahIM thiiN| mUlAcAra aura usakI paramparA mUlAcAra ko vartamAna digambara jaina paramparA meM Agama sthAnIya grantha ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha grantha mukhyataH acela paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra se sambandhita hai| yaha bhI nirvivAda satya hai ki digambara paramparA meM isa grantha kA utanA hI mahattva hai jitanA ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArAMga kA / yahI kAraNa hai ki dhavalA aura jayadhavalA (dasavIM zatAbdI) meM isakI gAthAoM ko AcArAMga kI gAthA kahakara uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM jaba AcArAMga ko lupta mAna liyA gayA hai to usake sthAna para mUlAcAra ko hI AcArAMga ke rUpa meM dekhA jAne lgaa| vastutaH AcArAMga ke prAcInatama aMza prathama zrutaskaMdha meM acelatA kA pratipAdana hote hue bhI muni ke vastra grahaNa sambandhI kucha ullekha, phira cAhe ve ApavAdika sthiti ke kyoM na hoM, pAye hI jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki acelakatva para atyadhika bala dene vAlI digambara paramparA apane sampradAya meM ise mAnya na kara sakI aura usake sthAna para mUlAcAra ko hI apanI paramparA kA muni AcAra sambandhI grantha mAna liyaa| AryikA jJAnamatI jI ne bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita mUlAcAra kI bhUmikA meM yaha likhA hai ki AcArAMga ke AdhAra para caudaha sau gAthAoM meM granthakartA ne isa grantha kI racanA kI; kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha grantha AcArAMga aura vizeSa rUpa se usake prAcInatama aMza prathama zrutaskaMdha ke AdhAra para to bilakula
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________________ 120 hI nahIM likhA gayA hai| jina granthoM ke AdhAra para mUlAcAra kI racanA huI hai ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya bRhatpratyAkhyAna, AturapratyAkhyAna, Avazyakaniyukti, jIvasamAsa Adi haiM jinakI saikar3oM gAthAe~ zaurasenI rUpAntaraNa ke sAtha isameM gRhIta haiN| vastuta: mUlAcAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya niyuktiyoM, prakIrNakoM kI viSayavastu evaM sAmagrI se nirmita hai| digambara paramparA ise apanI paramparA kA grantha mAnatI hai, kintu digambara paramparA ke bahuzruta vidvAna paM. nAthUrAmajI premI ne nimna ATha AdhAroM para ise kundakunda kI digambara jaina paramparA se bhinna paramparA kA grantha sthApita kiyA hai 1. mUlAcAra aura bhagavatIArAdhanA kI pacAsoM gAthAeM eka sI aura samAna abhiprAya ko prakaTa karane vAlI haiN| ata: yaha grantha bhagavatIArAdhAnA kI paramparA kA hai| 2. mUlAcAra kI "acelakuddesIya" Adi dasa kalpoM kI jo gAthAeM haiM, ve gAthAeM mUlAcAra aura bhagavatIArAdhanA meM samAna rUpa se pAyI jAtI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke "jItakalpabhASya", niyuktiyoM aura TIkAgranthoM meM bhI ye upalabdha haiN| "prameyakamala mArtaNDa" ke strImuktivicAra meM prabhAcandra ne inakA ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA kI gAthA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| 3. mUlAcAra kI "sejjAgAsaNIsejjA" (391) nAmaka gAthA bhI mUla ArAdhanA (307) se milatI hai| isameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki vaiyAvRtti karane vAlA muni rugNa muni kA AhAra auSadhi se upakAra kare (AhAra lAkara dene kI paramparA digambara munivarga meM pracalita nahIM hai, vaha zvetAmbara yA yApanIyoM kI hI paramparA hai)| 4. bhagavatIArAdhanA kI 144 vauM gAthA ke samAna isakI 387 vI gAthA meM AcAradazA, jItakalpa Adi kA ullekha hai, jo yApanIya aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya grantha haiM aura Aja bhI upalabdha haiN| 5. mUlAcAra kI gAthA 277, 278, 279 meM saMyamI muni aura AryikAoM ko cAra prakAra ke sUtra kAla zuddhi Adi ke binA nahIM par3hanA caahiye| inase anya ArAdhanA, niyukti, maraNa-vibhakti, saMgraha, stuti, pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka aura dharmakathA Adi par3hanA caahiye| ye saba grantha mUlAcAra ke kartA ke samakSa the, parantu kundakunda kI paramparA ke sAhitya meM ina granthoM ke nAma upalabdha nahIM hai, mAtra yahI nahIM usa paramparA meM ina granthoM ke par3hane kI koI paramparA rahI
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________________ mUlAcAra : eka adhyayana : 121 ho, aisA bhI kahIM saMketa upalabdha nahIM hotA ( isa sambandha meM maine alaga se vicAra kiyA hai jise Age dekhA jA sakatA hai ) / 6. mUlAcAra meM 22 tIrthaMkara sAmAyika saMyama kA upadeza dete haiM kintu RSabha, mahAvIra chedopasthApanIya kA upadeza dete haiN| isI prakAra prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara sapratikramaNa dharma kA pratipAdana karate haiM jabaki madhyama ke 22 tIrthaMkara aparAdha hone para pratikramaNa kA vidhAna karate haiN| ye donoM gAthAeM bhadrabAhu kRta Avazyaka niyukti meM bhI haiM aura vaha zvetAmbara grantha hai| digambara paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI AcAra paramparA meM bheda hotA hai, aisI mAnyatA hI nahIM hai, ataH yaha grantha unakI paramparA se bhinna hai| 7. Avazyakaniryukti kI 80 gAthAeM mUlAcAra meM bhI haiN| mUlAcAra meM pratyeka Avazyaka kA kathana karate samaya yaha kahA gayA hai ki prastuta Avazyaka para samAsa se arthAt saMkSepa meM niyukti kahU~gA, avazya hI artha sUcaka hai, kyoMki sampUrNa mUlAcAra meM Avazyaka adhikAra ko chor3akara anya prakaraNoM meM 'niryukti' zabda zAyada hI AyA ho| SaDAvazyaka ke anta meM bhI isa adhyAya ko niyukti ke nAma se hI nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| vaise to premIjI ne mAtra bhagavatI ArAdhanA se isakI gAthAoM kI samarUpatA kI carcA kI hai, parantu bAta yahIM samApta nahIM hotI / mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya aneka granthoM kI gAthAyeM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hotI haiN| unameM zaurasenI aura ardhamAgadhI athavA mahArASTrI ke antara ke atirikta kahIM kisI prakAra kA antara bhI nahIM hai| mUlAcAra ke bRhatpratyAkhyAna nAmaka dvitIya adhikAra meM adhikAMza gAthAyeM mahApaccakkhANa aura AurapaccakkhANa se milatI haiN| mUlAcAra ke bRhat pratyAkhyAna aura saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna ina donoM adhikAroM meM kramazaH 71 aura 14 gAthAyeM arthAt kula 85 gAthAe~ haiN| inameM se 70 gAthAyeM to AturapratyAkhyAna nAmaka zvetAmbara paramparA ke prakIrNaka se milatI haiN| zeSa 15 gAthAoM meM bhI kucha mahApaccakkhANa evaM candrAvedhyaka meM mila jAtI haiN| ye grantha zvetAmbara paramparA meM prakIrNakoM ke rUpa meM Aja bhI svIkArya haiN| punaH adhyAya kA nAmakaraNa bhI unhIM granthoM ke AdhAra para hai| isI prakAra mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka adhikAra kI 192 gAthAoM meM se 80 gAthAyeM Avazyakaniyukti meM samAna rUpa se upalabdha haiN| isake atirikta isI adhikAra meM pAThabheda ke sAtha uttarAdhyayana, anuyogadvAra aura dazavaikAlika se aneka gAthAyeM milatI haiN| paMcAcAraadhikAra meM sabase adhika 222 gAthAyeM haiN| isakI 50 se adhika gAthAyeM uttarAdhyayana aura jIvasamAsa nAmaka zvetAmbara grantha meM samAna rUpa se pAyI jAtI
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________________ 122 haiN| isameM jo SaDjIva nikAya kA vivecana hai usakI adhikAMza gAthAyeM uttarAdhyayana ke 36 veM adhyAya, prajJApanA, Avazyakaniyukti aura jIvasamAsa meM haiN| isI prakAra pAMca samiti, gupti Adi kA jo vivecana upalabdha hotA hai vaha bhI uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika meM kiMcit bheda ke sAtha upalabdha hotA hai / mUlAcAra ke piNDazuddhi adhikAra kI 83 gAthAoM meM se kucha gAthAyeM zvetAmbara paramparA kI piNDaniryukti nAmaka grantha meM yathAvat upalabdha hotI haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra kI adhikAMza sAmagrI zvetAmbara paramparA ke uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, piNDaniyukti, AurapaccakkhANa, mahApaccakkhANa, Avazyakaniryukti, candrAvedhyaka Adi zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM se saMkalita haiN| Azcarya to yaha lagatA hai ki hamArI digambara paramparA ke vidvAna mUlAcAra meM kundakunda ke granthoM se mAtra 21 gAthAyeM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hone para ise kundakunda kI kRti siddha karane kA sAhasa karate haiM aura jisa paramparA ke granthoM se isakI AdhI se adhika gAthAyeM samAna rUpa se milatI haiM usake sAtha isakI nikaTatA ko bhI dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiN| mUlAcAra kI racanA usI paramparA meM sambhava ho sakatI hai jisa paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyakaniyukti, piNDaniryukti, mahApaccakkhANa, AurapaccakkhANa Adi granthoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI paramparA rahI hai| navIna khojoM se yaha spaSTa ho cukA hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM ina granthoM kA adhyayana hotA thA / mUlAcAra kI bhASA yaha spaSTa hai ki mUlAcAra kI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta hai phira bhI kundakunda ke granthoM kI zaurasenI prAkRta aura mUlAcAra kI zaurasenI prAkRta meM thor3A antara parilakSita hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa me mUlAcAra ke paMcAcAra adhikAra kI 50 vIM gAthA ke tIna caraNa lagabhaga samAna haiM kintu cauthA bhinna hai| ve gAthAeM isa prakAra haiM - rAgI baMdhai kammaM muccaI jIvo virAga saMpaNNo / eso jiNovaeso samAsado, baMdhamokravANaM // 50 // (mUlAcAra- paMcAcArAdhikAra) ratto baMdhadi kammaM muMcadijIvo virAgasaMpaNNo / eso jiNovadeso, tamhA kammesu mA rajja / / 150 / / (samayasAra ) " yadi hama ina donoM gAthAoM para vicAra karate haiM to dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra kI zaurasenI para ardhamAgadhI evaM mahArASTrI kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| mUlAcAra kI gAthA meM rAgI, baMdhaI, muccaI, jiNovaeso ye cAro zabda mahArASTrI prAkRta ke anusAra -
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________________ mUlAcAra : eka adhyayana : 123 hai| jabaki samayasAra meM ratto, baMdhadi, muMcadi, jiNovadeso - ye cAro zabda vizuddha rUpa se zaurasenI prAkRta ke rUpa haiN| mulAcAra meM madhyavartI 'ta' ke sthAna para 'da' na hokara 'ya zruti' kA pAyA jAnA yaha sUcita karatA hai ki usake lekhaka para mahArASTrI kA prabhAva hai| isI prakAra mUlAcAra ke mUla guNa adhikAra kI 12vI gAthA aura 'niyamasAra' kI 62vIM gAthA bhI lagabhaga samAna hai| yadyapi inameM kucha bhinnatA bhI hai, isa gAthA meM jahA~ mUlAcAra meM 'saparihari' zabda kA prayoga hai vahA~ niyamasAra meM 'saparahidaM' kA prayoga hai| yahA~ bhI mUlAcAra meM mahArASTrI kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| mUlAcAra paMcAcArAdhikAra kI 28vIM evaM 131vIM gAthA meM jahA~ 'lippaI' zabda hai, vahIM 'lippadi' zabda bhI hai| eka hI grantha meM yaha bhASA ke svarUpa kA bheda vicAraNIya hai| yadyapi isI prakAra kA bhASA-bheda kandakanda ke granthoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| jahA~ kundakunda ke granthoM meM kucha sthaloM para mahArASTrI prabhAvita rUpa milA hai, vahA~ mUlAcAra meM zuddha zaurasenI rUpa bhI milA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM caritrapAhur3a kI 34vI gAthA meM 'vIrao' rUpa hai vahIM mUlAcAra ke paMcAcArAdhikAra meM 'vIradi' rUpa hai| svayaM mUlAcAra meM bhI ardhamAgadhI yA mahArASTrI ke sAtha zaurasenI ke rUpa bhI milate haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM samAcArAdhikAra kI 162vIM gAthA meM 'Aesassa pATha hai, jisakA saMskRta rUpa 'Agatasya' hai vahIM 163vIM gAthA meM 'Agantuya' hai| isI prakAra 'vratapratyAkhyAna saMstarastavAdhikAra' kI gAthA 56 meM 'bhaNadi' rUpa hai| vahIM usI kI gAthA 59vIM gAthA meM mahArASTrI kA 'bhaNati' rUpa hai| isI adhikAra kI gAthA 76 meM 'paMDiyamaraNa' rUpa hai, jabaki gAthA 77 meM 'paMDidabharaNaM' rUpa milatA hai| Azcarya yaha bhI hai ki usake pUrva 76vI gAthA ke prathama caraNa meM 'jAti' kA 'jAdi' rUpa prayukta hai| 57vIM gAthA meM 'lahai' rUpa AyA hai, jabaki 118vIM gAthA meM 'lahadi' rUpa hai| 'lahaI' zuddha rUpa se mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prayoga hai| gAthA 101 ke prathama, dvitIya caraNa meM "maridatvaM' pATha hai, Azcarya yaha bhI hai ki isI gAthA ke anta meM (101 vI gAthA meM) 'mariyavvaM' rUpa bhI hai| gAthA 103 meM 'hoI' rUpa kA prayoga hai, jabaki anyatra aneka gAthAoM meM 'hodi' rUpa hai| gAthA 117 meM 'chindai' rUpa milatA hai jabaki anyatra 'chindadi' rUpa kA bhI prayoga huA hai| kevala prArambhika tIna adhyayanoM se hI ye udAharaNa diye haiN| sampUrNa grantha meM isa prakAra ke aneka rUpa jo mahArASTrI ardhamAgadhI se prabhAvita haiM, dekhe jA sakate haiN| isa AdhAra para hamArA pratipAdya mAtra itanA hI hai ki isa grantha ke nirmANa meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM, prakIrNakoM, niyuktiyoM Adi kA pUrA upayoga huA haiN|