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________________ mUlAcAra : eka paricaya DaoN. phUlakada jaina premI 'mUlacAra' digambara paramparA kA AcAra-grantha hai| DaoN. sAgaramalajI ne ise vibhinna AdhAroM para yApnIya sampradAya kA grantha siddha kiyA hai (draSTavya-- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha kA aagmkhnndd)| sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI meM jenadarzana vibhAga ke adhyakSa DaoN. phalacandra jI jaina 'premI' ne malAcAra para zodhakArya kiyA hai, unhoMne isa grantha kA bhASAbacanikA ke sAdha saMpAdana bhI kiyA hai| prastuna Alekha unake sampAdita grantha ke sampAdakIya meM se saMkalita hai| sampAdaka mUlAcAra zramaNAcAra viSayaka eka prAcIna aura anupama kRti hai| zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA meM racita isa bahumUlya grantha ke yazasvI racayitA AcArya vaTTakera haiN| digambara jaina paramparA meM AcArAMga ke rUpa meM prasiddha yaha zramaNAcAra viSayaka maulika, svatantra, prAmANika evaM prAcIna grantha 2 -3 zatI ke AsapAsa kI racanA hai| yadyapi anya kucha pramukha AcAryoM kI taraha AcArya vaTTakera ke viSaya meM bhI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu unakI anamola kRti "mUlAcAra" ke adhyayana se hI AcArya vaTTakera kA bahuzruta sampanna vyaktitva, utkRSTa cAritradhArI AcAryavarya ke rUpa meM hamAre samakSa upasthita hotA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM beTTakerI sthAna ke nivAsI vaTTakera digambara paramparA meM mUlasaMgha ke pramukha AcArya the| inhoMne munidharma kI pratiSThita paramparA ko dIrghakAla taka yazasvI aura utkRSTa rUpa meM calate rahane aura muni-dIkSA dhAraNa ke mUla uddezya kI prApti hetu mUlAcAra grantha kI racanA kI, jisameM zramaNanirgranthoM kI AcAra saMhitA kA suvyavasthita, vistRta evaM sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA hai| viSaya paricaya mUlAcAra meM bAraha adhikAra haiN| pratyeka adhikAra ke pratipAdya viSayoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta hai| 1. mUlaguNAdhikAra- isameM chattIsa gAthAe~ haiN| sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa pUrvaka viSaya pratipAdana kI ghoSaNA kI gaI hai tathA zramaNoM ke aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti ,paMcendriya nirodha, SaDAvazyaka, loca, acelakatva, asnAna, kSitizayana, adantadhAvana, sthitabhojana aura ekabhakta- ina aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kI sArabhUta paribhASAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiN| acelakAva mUlaguNa ke antargata zarIra Dhakane ke lie vastra, ajina (camar3A), valkala, tRNa, patte, AbhUSaNa Adi ke dhAraNa kA niSedha karake nirgrantha (nagna) veza dhAraNa karane ko acelakatva kahA hai| mUlaguNoM ke pAlana se milane vAle mokSaphala ke kathana ke bAda adhikAra kI samApti kI gayI hai| kA Acara-grantha hai|
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________________ 1496 . :. jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka 2. bRhatpratyAkhyAna-saMstarastava adhikAra--- isameM zramaNa ko sabhI pApoM kA tyAgakara bhRtyu ke samaya darzana Adi cAra ArAdhanAoM meM sthira rahane, kSudhAtUMSA Adi parISahoM ko samatAbhAva se sahane tathA niSkaSAya hokara prANa tyAga karane kA upadeza hai| pratyAkhyAna vidhi batAte hue pratyAkhyAna karane vAle ke mukha se kahalAtA gayA hai ki jo kucha merI pApakriyA hai usa sabakA mana, vacana, kAya se tyAga karatA hU~ aura samatAbhAva rUpa nirvikalpa evaM nirdoSa sAmAyika karatA huuN| saba tRSNAoM ko chor3akara maiM samAdhibhAva aMgIkAra karatA huuN| saba jIvoM ke prati merA kSamAbhAva hai tathA jIva mere Upara kSamAbhAva kreN| merA saba prANiyoM para maitrI bhAva hai, kisI se bhI merA vaira nahIM hai| isake atirikta cAra saMjJAoM, taiMtIsa AzAtanAoM, zramaNa kI manobhAvanAoM ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha maraNa ke bheda yathA maraNa-samaya NamokAra maMtra ke cintana Adi karane kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 3. saMkSepapratyAkhyAnAdhikAra- isa adhikAra meM vyAghrAdi-janya Akasmika mRtyu ke upasthita hone para pAMca pApoM ke tyAgapUrvaka sAmAyika samAdhi dhAraNa karake sarvaAhAra, kaSAya aura mamatva bhAva ke tyAgapUrvaka zarIra tyAga kI preraNA dI hai| pratyAkhyAna, ArAdhanAphala, paMDitamaraNa, samAdhimaraNa tathA janma evaM mRtyu kA bhaya Adi viSayoM kA varNana karake anta meM dasa prakAra ke muNDoM ke ullekhapUrvaka adhikAra kI samApti kI gayI hai| 4. samAcArAdhikAra- isameM vividha samAcAra kA acchA vivecana hai| samAcAra zabda ke cAra artha batAye haiM. rAgadveSa se rahita samatA kA bhAva, aticArarahita mUlaguNoM kA anuSThAna, samasta zramaNoM kA samAna tathA hiMsA rahita AcaraNa evaM sabhI kSetroM meM hAni-lAbha rahita kAyotsargAdi ke pariNAma rUpa aacrnn| ucca jJAna-prApti ke nimitta ziSya-zramANa ko apane gaNa se dUsare gaNa evaM usake AcArya ke pAsa kisa vidhi se jAnA cAhiye isakA acchA varNana karake ekAkI evaM svacchanda vihAra kI sambhAvya hAniyoM kA kathana tathA niSedha kiyA hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka sthavira aura gaNadhara ye pAMca 'AdhAra jahAM na hoM vahAM rahanA ucita nahIM hai| isI prasaMga meM AcArya ke guNoM kA bhI kathana kiyA hai| isa adhikAra kA mahattvapUrNa aMza paragaNa se svagaNa meM Agantuka zramaNoM kA kisa prakAra svAgata, unakI parIkSA tathA unakA sahayoga kiyA jAtA hai ina sabakA bahuta hI spaSTa aura sundara citraNa hai| AryikAoM kA saMkSipta AcAra, zramaNa aura AryikAoM ke pArasparika saMbaMdhoM tathA AryikA ko dIkSA, upadeza karane vAle aneka guNa-dharmoM se yukta gaNadhara evaM unakI vizeSatAoM kA varNana hai| AryikAoM ke samAcAra ke antargata eka dUsare ke anukUla rahane, abhirakSaNa kA bhAva rakhane, lajjA evaM maryAdA kA pAlana karane tathA mAyA, roSa evaM vaira jaise bhAvoM se mukta rahane kA vidhAna
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________________ bhUlAcAra : eka paricaya ... kiyA gayA hai| 5. paMcAcArAdhikAra- isameM darzana, jJAna, cAritra tapa aura vIrya- ina paMcAcAroM kA bheda-prabhedoM dvArA vistRta pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| darzanAcAra ke antargata jova, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina nava padArthoM kA varNana hai| ina nava padArthoM meM jIva tattva ke saMsArI aura mukta ye do-do bheda kiye gaye haiN| ina saMsArI jIva ke pRthvIkAyika, aykAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika, vanaspatikAyika tathA trasa ina chaha bhedoM kA bhedopabheTa pUrvaka vistRta pratipAdana hai| rAtribhojana tyAga, pAMca samiti, tIna gupti, tapa, dhyAna, svAdhyAya Adi viSayoM kA vistRta svarUpa kathana tathA inakA pAlana karane se hone vAle lAbhoM kA bhI vivecana hai| prasaMgavaza gaNadhara, pratyekabuddha, zrutakevalI athavA abhinnadazapUrvI dvArA kathita granthoM ko sUtra kahA hai| saMgraha, ArAdhanA niyukti, maraNavibhakti, stuti, pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka aura dharmakathA Adi jaina sUtra granthoM tathA Rgveda, sAmaveda Adi veda zAstroM, kauTilya, AsurakSa, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi granthoM evaM raktapaTa, caraka, tApasa, parivrAjaka Adi ke nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 6. piNDazuddhi adhikAra- isameM terAsI gAthAe~ haiN| zramaNoM ke piNDaiSaNA (AhAra) se saMbaMdhita sabhI niyamoM kI vizada mImAMsA kI gayI hai| udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA, saMyojana, pramANa, iMgAla, dhUma aura kAraNa ina ATha doSoM se rahita AhAra zuddhi kA, AhAra tyAga ke kAraNa, AhAra grahaNa ke uddezya, dAtA ke guNa, caudaha mala, AhAra grahaNa kI vidhi aura mAtrA tathA AhAra ke antarAya Adi AhAra caryA se saMbaMdhita sabhI viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| 7. SaDAvazyaka adhikAra- isa adhikAra ko Avazyakaniyukti nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai tathA isakA prArambha paca namaskAra kI niruktipUrvaka huA hai| arhanta, jina, AcArya, sAdhu, uttama Adi zabdoM kI bhI nirukti pUrvaka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| arhanta, pada kI nirukti mahattvapUrNa hai| sAmAyika, stava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsarga ina chaha AvazyakoM kA nirukti evaM bhedapUrvaka vistRta vivecana hai| loka, dharma, tIrtha, bhakti, vinaya, kRtikarma, avanati, caturvidha AhAra aura AlocanA-ina saba viSayoM kA svarUpa tathA bhedapUrvaka kathana, svAdhyAya kAla, vandanAdi kAyotsarga meM vardhya battIsa doSa, AsikA, niSIdhikA kA vidhAna tathA pArzvasthAdi pApazramaNoM Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa adhikAra kI ye vizeSatAyeM haiM ki isameM sAmAyika saMyama aura chedopasthApanA saMyama ke viSaya meM una matoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jinakA saMbaMdha prathama tIrthakara RSabhadeva evaM antima tIrthakara mahAvIra tathA madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthakaroM ke paramparA-bheda se hai| nitya pratikramaNa aura naimittika pratikramaNa ke saMbaMdha meM bhI isI taraha ke matoM kA ullekha hai|
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________________ 498 jinavANI jainAgama- sAhitya vizeSAGka 8. dvAdazAnuprekSAdhikAra anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabha aura dharmasvAkhyAta- ina bAraha anuprekSAoM ( bhAvanAoM) kA vairAgyavarddhaka sUkSma vivecana hai| isameM batAyA hai- rAga, dveSa, krodhAdi Asrava haiM, jinameM karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai| ye kumArgoM para le jAne vAlI ati balavAna zaktiyAM haiN| zAMti, dayA, kSamA, vairAgya Adi jaise-jaise bar3hate haiM, jIva vaise-vaise mokSa ke nikaTa bar3hatA jAtA hai| cAra prakAra ke saMsAra kA svarUpa tathA anta meM anuprekSAoM kI bhAvanA se karmakSaya aura pariNAmazuddhi kA vivecana hai| 9. anagArabhAvanAdhikAra- isa adhikAra meM anagAra kA svarUpa tathA liMga, vrata, vasati, vihAra, bhikSA, jJAna, zarIrasaMskAratyAga, vAkya, tapa aura dhyAna ina dasa zuddhiyoM ko anagAra ke sUtra batAye haiN| anagAra tathA unake sattvaguNoM, anagAra ke paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vAkyazuddhi ke prasaMga meM strI, artha, bhakta, kheTa, kavaTa, rAja, cora, janapada, nagara aura Akara ina kathAoM kA svarUpa tathA rUpaka dvArA prANi-saMyama aura indriyasaMyama rUpI ArakSakoM dvArA taparUpI nagara tathA dhyAnarUpI ratha ke rakSaNa kI bAta kahI gayI hai / yathArtha anagAroM kA vivecana tathA abhrAvakAza Adi yogoM kA svarUpa kathana bhI kiyA gayA hai| 10 samayasArAdhikAra- isa adhikAra meM eka sau caubIsa gAthAe~ haiN| isameM vairAgya kI samayasAratA, cAritrAcaraNa Adi kA kathana karate hue zramaNa ko laukika vyavahAra se dUra rahane ko kahA hai| cAritrasaMyama aura tapa se rahita jJAnAdi kI nirarthakatA aura pratilekhana tathA isake sAdhanabhUta picchikA kI vizeSatAe~ Adi isa adhikAra meM prArambhika pratipAdya viSaya haiN| AryikAo ke AvAsa para zramaNoM ke gamana tathA svAdhyAya Adi kArya karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| paMcendriya viSayoM evaM kASThAdi meM citrita striyoM taka se dUra rahane ke kathana prasaMga meM hI abrahma ke dasa kAraNa tathA paMcasUnA Adi vividha viSayoM kA acchA vivecana hai| isI adhikAra meM Acelakya, auddezika zayyAgRhatyAga, rAjapiNDatyAga, kRtikarma, vrata, jyeSTha, pratikramaNa mAsasthitikalpa evaM paryAsthitikalpa ina dasa sthitikalpoM kA nAmollekha hai| adhikAra ke anta meM zAstra ke sAra kA pratipAdana karate hue cAritra ke sarvazreSTha kahA hai| 11. zIlaguNAdhikAra- isameM mAtra chabbIsa gAdhAyeM haiN| isa adhikAra meM tIna yoga, tIna karaNa, cAra saMjJA, pAMca indriya, dasa kAma, dasa zramaNadharma inheM sabakA paraspara guNA karane para zIla ke aThAraha hajAra bhedoM kA kathana kiya gayA hai| isI adhikAra meM guNoM arthAt uttara guNoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kI caurArsa lAkha saMkhyA kA kathana kiyA hai|
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________________ U gapory 12.paryAptyadhikAra- isameM paryApti, deha, saMsthAna, kAyaindriya, yoni, Ayu, pramANa, yoga, veda, lezyA, pravicAra, upapAda, udvartana, sthAna, kula, alpabahutva aura prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga tathA pradezabaMdha ityAdi viSayaka sUtrapadoM dvArA ina viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI adhikAra meM vivecita gati-Agati kA kathana 'sArasamaya' nAmaka grantha meM svayaM ke dvArA kahane kA ullekha kiyA hai| para yaha grantha Aja anupalabdha hai| vRttikAra ne isakI pahacAna vyAkhyAprajJapti se kI hai| jisa viSaya ke kathana kA ullekha mUlAcAra meM hai vaha viSaya zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha vyAkhyAprajJapti meM nahIM hai| isase lagatA hai ki usa samaya digambara paramparA meM vaTTekara kA 'sArasamaya' grantha avazya upalabdha rahA hogaa| isake pramANa rUpa dhavalA TIkA meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke jIvaTThANa nAmaka prathama khaNDa kI gatiAgati nAma kI navamI cUlikA vyAkhyAprajJapti se nikalI hai| ina saba ullekhoM ke atirikta guNasthAna, jIvasamAsa, mArgaNA, svarga, naraka, manuSya, tiryaca gatiyoM tathA inake jIvoM Adi kA vistRta vivecana isa adhikAra meM kiyA gayA hai| graMthakAra ne isa adhikAra kA nAma 'paryApti saMgrahiNI' kahA hai| mUlAcAra para upalabdha vyAkhyA sAhitya mUlAcAra zramaNAcAra viSayaka eka prAcIna evaM prAmANika zreSTha grantha hai| digambara paramparA ke tadviSayaka prAya: sabhI paravartI grantha isase prabhAvita athavA isake AdhAra para likhe gaye dRSTigocara hote haiN| mUlAcAra para aneka TIkAe~ to likhI ho gaI, sAtha hI isako mUla AdhAra banAkara jina granthoM kI svataMtra racanA huI unameM anagAra dharmAmRta, AcArasAra, cAritrasAra, mUlAcAra pradIpa Adi grantha pramukha haiM, jina para mUlAcAra kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| AcArya vasunandi siddhAntacakravartI kI mUlAcAra para 'AcAravRtti' nAmaka sarvArthasiddhi TIkA saMskRta bhASA meM likhI gaI upalabdha hai| AcArya vasunandi kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa prAkRta grantha vasunandi zrAvakAcAra suprasiddha hI hai| vastuta: mUlAcAra viSaya ko hRdayaMgama karane vAloM meM inakA agraNI sthAna hai| inakI AcAravRtti itanI prasiddha aura sarala hai ki sAmAnya jana bhI isakA sugamatA se adhyayana kara lete haiN| gUr3ha viSaya ko spaSTa kara calanA aura apanI sahaja evaM sarala bhASA meM granthakAra ke bhAvoM ko prakaTa kara denA yaha vasunandi kI mukhya vizeSatA hai| mUlAcAra ke eka aura vyAkhyAtA sakalakIrti haiN| inhoMne isake AdhAra para 'mUlAcAra -pradIpa' nAmaka saMskRta bhASA meM vistRta graMtha likhaa| inakA samaya vikrama ko 15vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya sakalakIrti ne bhI mUlAcArapradIpa meM prAya: una sabhI viSayoM
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________________ 500 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizemADaka kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai, jinakA pratipAdana AcArya vaTTakera ne apane mUlAcAra meM kiyaa| mUlAcAra ke tIsare vyAkhyAkAra AvArya meghavandra haiN| inhoMne isa para karnATaka 'mUlAcArasadvRtti' kI racanA kii| caturtha karnATaka TIkA "munijana cintAmaNi' nAma se milatI hai, isameM mUlAcAra ko kundakundAcArya kI racanA batAyA hai| eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla kI "lisTa oNpha jainA ema.esa.esa.' (grantha kramAMka 1521) ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki medhAvI kavi dvArA racita bhI eka anya 'mUlAcAra TIkA' hai| vaise 16vIM zatI ke medhAvI kavi dvArA likhita dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra prasiddha hI hai inhIM kavi kA ukta TIkAgrantha bhI saMbhava hai| uparyukta TIkAoM ke atirikta vIranandi ne mUlAcAra ke AdhAra para 'AcArasAra' grantha kI racanA kI hai| paM. AzAdhara ne 'anagAradharmAmRta nAmaka grantha kI racanA meM isI kA AdhAra liyA hai| paM. nandalAla chAbar3A eva paM. RSabhadAsa nigotyA viracita bhASAvacanikA bhI mUlAcAra kI vyAkhyA meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rakhatI hai| -adhyakSa, jainadarzanavibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vividyAlaya. vArANasI (u.pra.