Man Shakti Swarup aur Sadhna Ek Vishleshan

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Shwetambar_Sthanakvasi_Jain_Sabha_Hirak_Jayanti_Granth_012052.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211625/1

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mana zakti, svarUpa aura sAdhanA : eka vizleSaNa - jaina sAdhanA meM mana kA sthAna bhAratIya darzana jIvAtmA ke bandhana aura mukti kI samasyA kI eka vistRta vyAkhyA hai bhAratIya cintakoM ne kevala mukti ke upalabdhi ke hetu AcAra-mArga kA upadeza hI nahIM diyA varan unhoMne yaha batAne kA bhI prayAsa kiyA ki bandhana aura mukti kA mUla kAraNa kyA hai? apane cintana aura anubhUti ke prakAza meM unhoMne isa prazna kA jo uttara pAyA vaha hai- "mana hI bandhana aura mukti kA kAraNa hai|" jaina, bauddha aura hindU darzanoM meM yaha tathya sarvasammata rUpa se grAhya hai| jaina darzana meM bandha aura mukti kI dRSTi se mana kI apAra zakti mAnI gaI hai| bandhana kI dRSTi se vaha paurANika brahmAstra se bhI bar3hakara bhayaMkara hai| karma siddhAnta kA eka vivecana hai ki AtmA ke sAtha karma-bandha kI kyA sthiti hai? mAtra kAyayoga se mohanIya jaise karma kA bandha utkRSTa rUpa meM eka sAgara kI sthiti taka kA ho sakatA hai| vacanayoga milate hI paccIsa sAgara kI sthiti kA utkRSTa bandha ho sakatA hai| prANendriya arthAt nAsikA ke milane para pacAsa sAgara kA, cakSu ke milate hI sau sAgara kA aura zravaNendriya arthAt kAna ke milate hI hajAra sAgara taka kA bandha ho sakatA hai| kintu yadi mana mila gayA to mohanIyakarma kA bandha lAkha aura karor3a sAgara ko bhI pAra kara sakatA hai| sattara kror3Akror3I (karor3a karor3a) sAgaropama kA sarvotkRSTa mohanIyakarma "mana" milane para hI bA~dhA jA sakatA hai| - yaha hai mana kI apAra zakti, isalie mana ko khulA chor3ane se pahale vicAra karanA hogA ki kahIM vaha AtmA ko kisI gahana garta meM to nahIM dhakela rahA hai? jaina vicAraNA meM mana mukti ke mArga kA prathama praveza dvAra bhI hai| vahA~ kevala samanaska prANI hI isa mArga para Age bar3ha sakate haiN| amanaska prANiyoM ko to isa rAjamArga para calane kA adhikAra hI prApta nahIM hai| samyagdRSTitva kevala samanaska prANiyoM ko ho sakatA hai aura ve hI apanI sAdhanA meM mokSa mArga kI ora bar3hane ke adhikArI ho sakate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki "mana ke saMyamana se ekAgratA AtI hai jisase jJAna (viveka) prakaTa hotA hai aura usa viveka se samyakRtva kI upalabdhi hotI hai aura ajJAna ( mithyAtva) samApta ho jAtA hai|"" isa prakAra ajJAna kA nivartana aura satya dRSTikoNa kI upalabdhi, jo mukti (nirvANa ) kI anivArya zarta hai, binA manaH zuddhi ke sambhava hI nahIM hai| jaina vicAraNA meM mana mukti kA Avazyaka hetu hai| zuddha saMyamita mana nirvANa kA hetu banatA hai jabaki aniyantrita mana hI ajJAna athavA mithyAtva kA kAraNa hokara prANiyoM ke bandhana kA hetu banatA hai| isI tathya ko AcArya hemacandra ne nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM, "mana kA nirodha ho jAne para karma (bandha) meM pUrI taraha ruka jAte haiM, kyoMki karma kA Asrava mana ke adhIna hai, lekina jo puruSa mana kA nirodha nahIM karatA hai usake karmoM (bandhana) kI abhivRddhi hotI rahatI hai / 2 , bauddhadarzana meM cita vijJapti Adi mana ke paryAyavAcI zabda hai| tathAgata buddha kA kathana hai "sabhI pravRttiyoM kA Arambha mana se hotA hai, mana kI unameM pradhAnatA hai ve pravRttiyA~ manomaya haiM jo sadoSa mana se AcaraNa karatA hai, bhASaNa karatA hai usakA duHkha vaise hI anugamana karatA hai jaise ratha kA pahiyA ghor3e ke pairoM kA anugamana karatA hai| kintu jo svaccha (zuddha) mana se bhASaNa evaM AcaraNa karatA hai usakA sukha vaise hI anugamana karatA hai jaise sAtha nahIM chor3ane vAlI chAyA / "" kumArga para lagA huA citta sarvAdhika ahitakArI aura sanmArga para lagA huA citta sarvAdhika hitakArI hai|" ataH jo isakA saMyama kareMge ve mAra ke bandhana se mukta ho jAyeMge / " laMkAvatArasUtra meM kahA gayA hai, "citta kI hI pravRtti hotI hai aura citta kI hI vimukti hotI hai / 7 vedAnta paramparA meM bhI sarvatra yahI dRSTikoNa milatA hai ki jIvAtmA ke bandhana aura mukti kA kAraNa mana hI hai| brahmabindu upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki "manuSya ke bandhana aura mukti kA kAraNa mana hI hai| usake viSayAsakta hone para bandhana hai aura usakA nirviSaya honA hI mukti hai|"" gItA meM kahA gayA hai "indriyA~, mana aura buddhi hI isa vAsanA ke vAsa sthAna kahe gaye haiM aura yaha vAsanA inake dvArA hI jJAna ko AvRtta kara samApta ho gaI hai aise brahmabhUta yogI ko hI uttama Ananda prApta hotA hai / 10 AcArya zaMkara bhI vivekacUDAmaNi meM likhate haiM ki mana se hI bandhana kI kalpanA hotI hai aura usI se mokSa kI mana hI dehAdi viSayoM meM rAga ko bA~dhatA hai aura phira viSavat viSayoM meM virasatA utpanna kara mukta kara detA hai| isIlie isa jIva ke bandhana aura mukti ke vidhAna meM mana hI kAraNa hai| rajoguNa se malina huA mana bandhana kA hetu hotA hai tathA raja-tama se rahita zuddha sAtvika hone para mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| 19 yadyapi uparokta pramANa yaha to batA dete haiM ki mana bandhana aura mukti kA prabalatama ekamAtra kAraNa hai| lekina phira bhI yaha prazna abhI anuttarita hI raha jAtA hai ki mana hI ko kyoM bandhana aura mukti kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai? jaina sAdhanA meM mana hI bandhana aura mukti kA kAraNa kyoM? yadi hama isa prazna kA uttara jaina tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se khojane kA prayAsa kareM, to hameM jJAta hotA hai ki jaina tattvamImAMsA meM jar3a aura cetana ye do mUla tattva haiN| zeSa Asrava, saMvara, bandha, mokSa aura .

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mana-zakti, svarUpa aura sAdhanA : eka vizleSaNa 371 nirjarA to ina do mUla tattvoM ke sambandha kI vibhinna avasthAe~ haiN| jaina vicAraNA ke samAna gItA meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki indriyA~, zuddha AtmA to bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki usameM mAnasika, mana aura buddhi isa "kAma" ke vAsa sthAna haiN| inake AzrayabhUta hokara vAcika aura kAyika kriyAoM (yoga) kA abhAva hai, dUsarI ora manobhAva hI yaha kAma jJAna ko AcchAdita kara jIvAtmA ko mohita kiyA karatA se pRthak kAyika aura vAcika karma evaM jar3akarma paramANu bhI bandhana hai|12 jJAna AtmA kA kArya hai lekina jJAna meM jo vikAra AtA hai ke kAraNa nahIM hote haiN| bandhana ke kAraNa rAga, dveSa, moha Adi manobhAva vaha AtmA kA kArya na hokara mana kA kArya hai| phira bhI hameM yaha Atmika avazya mAne gaye haiM, lekina inheM Atmagata isalie kahA smaraNa rakhanA cAhie jahA~ gItA meM vikAra yA kAma kA vAsa sthAna gayA hai ki binA cetana-sattA ke ye utpanna nahIM hote haiN| cetana sattA mana ko mAnA gayA hai vahIM jaina vicAraNA meM vikAra yA kAmAdi kA rAgAdi ke utpAdana kA nimitta kAraNa avazya hai lekina binA mana vAsasthAna AtmA ko hI mAnA gayA hai| ve mana ke kArya avazya haiM ke vaha rAgAdi bhAva utpanna nahIM kara sktii| isIlie yaha kahA gayA lekina unakA vAsa sthAna AtmA hI hai| jaise raMgIna dekhanA cazme kA ki mana hI bandhana aura mukti kA kAraNa hai| dUsare hindU, bauddha aura kArya hai, lekina raMgInatA kA jJAna to cetanA meM hI hotA hai| jaina AcAra darzana isa bAta meM ekamata haiM ki bandhana kA kAraNa avidyA sambhavataH yahA~ zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki jaina vicAraNA meM to aneka (moha) hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki isa avidyA kA vAsa sthAna kahA~ baddha prANiyoM ko amanaska mAnA gayA hai, phira unameM jo avidyA yA hai? AtmA ko isakA vAsa sthAna mAnanA bhrAnti hogI, kyoMki jaina mithyAtva hai vaha kisakA kArya hai? isakA uttara yaha hai ki jaina vicAraNA aura vedAMta donoM paramparAoM meM AtmA kA svabhAva to samyagjJAna hai| ke anusAra prathama to sabhI prANiyoM meM bhAva mana kI sattA svIkAra mithyAtva, moha kiMvA avidyA AtmAzrita ho sakate haiM lekina ve kI gaI hai| dUsare zvetAmbara paramparA ke anurUpa yadi mana ko sampUrNa AtmaguNa nahIM haiM aura isalie unheM Atmagata mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM zarIragata mAneM to vahA~ dravya mana bhI hai, lekina vaha kevala oghasaMjJA hai| avidyA ko jar3a prakRti kA guNa mAnanA bhI bhrAnti hogI kyoMki hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, unheM kevala vivekazakti-vihIna mana (irational vaha jJAnAbhAva hI nahIM varan viparIta jJAna bhI hai| ata: avidyA kA mind) prApta hai| jaina zAstroM meM jo samanaska aura amanaska prANiyoM vAsasthAna mana ko hI mAnA jA sakatA hai, jo jar3a aura caitanya ke kA bheda kiyA gayA hai vaha dUsarI vivekasaMjJA (Faculty of reasoning) saMyoga se nirmita hai| ataH usI meM avidyA nivAsa karatI hai usake kI apekSA se hai| jinheM zAstra meM samanaska prANI kahA gayA hai unase nivartana para zuddha AtmadazA meM avidyA kI sambhAvanA kisI bhI sthiti tAtparya viveka zakti yukta prANiyoM se hai| jo amanaska prANI kahe meM nahIM ho sktii| gaye haiM unameM vivekakSamatA nahIM hotI hai| ve na to sudIrdhabhUta kI smRti mana AtmA ke bandhana aura mukti meM kisa prakAra apanA bhAga rakha sakate haiM, na bhaviSya kI aura na zubhAzubha kA vicAra kara sakate adA karatA hai, ise nimna rUpaka se samajhA jA sakatA hai| mAna lIjie, haiN| unameM mAtra vartamAnakAlika saMjJA hotI hai aura mAtra aMdha vAsanAoM karmAvaraNa se kuMThita zakti vAlA AtmA usa A~kha ke samAna hai jisakI (mUla pravRttiyoM) se unakA vyavahAra cAlita hotA hai| amanaska prANiyoM dekhane kI kSamatA kSINa ho cukI hai| jagat eka zveta vastu hai aura meM sattAtmaka mana to hai, lekina unameM zubhAzubha kA viveka nahIM hotA mana ainaka hai| AtmA ko mukti ke lie jagat ke vAstavika svarUpa hai, isI vivekAbhAva kI apekSA se hI unheM amanaska kahA jAtA hai| kA jJAna karanA hai, lekina apanI sva zakti ke kuMThita hone para vaha jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra naitika vikAsa kA prArambha viveka svayaM to sIdhe rUpa meM yathArtha jJAna nahIM pA sktaa| use mana rUpI kSamatAyukta mana kI upalabdhi se hI hotA hai-jaba taka viveka-kSamatAyukta cazme kI sahAyatA Avazyaka hotI hai, lekina yadi ainaka raMgIna kA~coM mana prApta nahIM hotA hai taba taka zubhAzubha kA vibheda nahIM kiyA jA kA ho to vaha vastu kA yathArtha jJAna na dekara bhrAMta jJAna hI detA hai| sakatA aura jaba taka zubhAzubha kA jJAna prApta nahIM hotA hai taba taka isI prakAra yadi mana rAgadveSAdi vRttiyoM se dUSita (raMgIna) hai to vaha naitika vikAsa kI sahI dizA kA nirdhAraNa aura naitika pragati nahIM yathArtha jJAna nahIM detA aura hamAre bandhana kA kAraNa banatA hai| lekina ho pAtI hai| ata: viveka-kSamatAyukta (Rational mind) naitika pragati yadi mana rUpI ainaka nirmala hai to vaha vastutattva kA yathArtha jJAna dekara kI anivArya zarta hai| beDale, prabhRti Adi pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne bhI hameM mukta banA detA hai| jisa prakAra ainaka meM binA kisI cetana A~kha bauddhika kSamatA yA zubhAzubha viveka ko naitika pragati ke lie Avazyaka ke saMyoga ke dekhane kI koI zakti nahIM hotI, usI prakAra jar3a mAnA hai| phira bhI jaina vicAraNA kA unase pramukha matabheda yaha hai ki mana-paramANuoM meM bhI binA kisI cetana AtmA ke saMyoga ke bandhana ve naitika uttaradAyitva (Moral responsibility) aura naitika pragati aura mukti kI koI zakti nahIM hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki jisa prakAra (Moral progress) donoM ke lie viveka-kSamatA ko Avazyaka mAnate ainaka se dekhane vAle netra haiM lekina vikAsa yA raMgInatA kA kArya haiM, jabaki jaina vicAraka naitika pragati ke lie to viveka Avazyaka ainaka meM hai, usI prakAra bandhana ke kAraNa rAgadveSAdi vikAra na to mAnate haiM lekina naitika uttaradAyitva ke lie vivekazakti ko Avazyaka AtmA ke kArya haiM aura na jar3a tattva ke kArya haiM, varan mana ke hI nahIM mAnate haiN| yadi koI prANI vivekAbhAva meM bhI anaitika karma karatA kArya haiN| hai to jaina dRSTi se vaha naitika rUpa se uttaradAyI hogA, kyoMki

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372 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 prathamataH, vivekAbhAva hI pramattatA hai aura yahI anaitikatA kA kAraNa jIvana ko kisa prakAra prabhAvita karatA hai, isa tathya para bhI vicAra hai| ata: vivekapUrvaka kArya nahIM karane vAlA naitika uttaradAyitva se kreN| mukta nahIM hai| dUsare, vivekazakti to sabhI cetana AtmAoM meM hai| jisameM mana ke svarUpa ke vizleSaNa kI pramukha samasyA yaha hai ki kyA vaha prasupta hai, usa prasupti ke lie bhI vaha svayaM hI uttarAdAyI hai| mana bhautika tattva hai athavA AdhyAtmika tattva? bauddha vicAraNA mana tIsare aneka prANI to aise haiM jinameM viveka kA prakaTana ho cukA ko cetana tattva mAnatI hai jabaki sAMkhya darzana aura yogavAsiSTha meM thA, (jo kabhI samanaska yA vivekavAna prANI the) lekina unhone usa use jar3a mAnA gayA hai|14 gItA sAMkhya vicAraNA ke anurUpa mana ko vivekazakti kA yathArtha upayoga nahIM kiyaa| phalasvarUpa unameM vaha jar3a prakRti se hI utpanna aura triguNAtmaka mAnatI hai|5|| vivekazakti puna: kuNThita ho gii| ataH aise prANiyoM ko naitika jaina vicAraNA meM mana ke bhautika pakSa ko "dravyamana" aura cetana uttaradAyitva se mukta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| pakSa ko "bhAvamana" kahA gayA hai| 16 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM batAyA gayA sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM isa sambandha meM spaSTa ullekha milatA hai- kaI hai ki dravyamana manovargaNA nAmaka paramANuoM se banA huA hai| yaha jIva aise bhI haiM, jinameM jarA-sI tarkazakti, prajJAzakti, mana yA vANI mana kA bhautika pakSa (Physical or structural aspect of mind) hai| kI zakti nahIM hotI hai| ve mUr3ha jIva bhI sabake prati samAna doSI sAdhAraNa rUpa se isameM zarIrastha sabhI jJAnAtmaka evaM saMvedanAtmaka aMga haiM aura usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki saba yoniyoM ke jIva eka janma meM A jAte haiN| manovargaNA ke paramANuoM se nirmita usa bhautika racanAsaMjJA (viveka) vAle hokara apane kiye hue karmoM ke kAraNa dUsare janma tantra meM pravAhita hone vAlI caitanyadhArA bhAva mana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, meM asaMjJI (vivekazUnya) banakara janma lete haiN| ataeva vivekavAna honA isa racanA-tantra ko AtmA se milI huI cintana-manarUpa caitanya zakti yA na honA apane hI kiye hae karmoM kA phala hotA hai, isase vivekAbhAva hI bhAva mana (Psychical aspect of mind) hai| kI dazA meM jo kucha pApa-karma hote haiM unakI javAbadArI bhI unakI yahA~ para eka vicAraNIya prazna yaha bhI uThatA hai ki dravyamana hI hotI hai| aura bhAvamana zarIra ke kisa bhAga meM sthita haiN| digambara sampradAya ke yadyapi jaina tattvajJAna meM jIvoM ke avyavahAra-rAzi kI jo kalpanA grantha gommaTasAra ke jIvakANDa meM dravyamana kA sthAna hRdaya mAnA gayA kI gaI hai, usa varga ke jIvoM ke naitika uttaradAyitva kI vyAkhyA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara AgamoM meM aisA koI nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hai ki sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke isa AdhAra para nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki avyavahAra-rAzi mana zarIra ke kisa vizeSa bhAga meM sthita hai| paM0 sukhalAla jI apane ke jIvoM ko to viveka kabhI prakaTita hI nahIM huaa| ve to kevala gaveSaNApUrNa adhyayana ke AdhAra para yaha mAnate haiM ki "zvetAmbara paramparA isa AdhAra para hI uttaradAyI mAne jA sakate haiM ki unameM jo vivekakSamatA kA samagra sthUla zarIra hI dravyamana kA sthAna iSTa hai|" jahA~ taka bhAvamana prasupta hai ve usakA prakaTana nahIM kara rahe haiN| ke sthAna kA prazna hai, usakA sthAna AtmA hI hai| kyoki Atma-pradeza eka prazna yaha bhI hai ki yadi naitika pragati ke lie "saviveka sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai| ata: bhAvamana kA sthAna bhI sampUrNa zarIra mana" Avazyaka hai to phira jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra ve sabhI prANI hI siddha hotA hai| jinameM aise "mana" kA abhAva hai, naitika pragati ke patha para kabhI Age yadi hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kareM to bauddha darzana meM mana nahIM bar3ha skeNge| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra isa prazna kA uttara yaha ko hRdayapradezavartI mAnA gayA hai, jo digambara sampradAya kI dravyamana hogA ki "viveka" ke abhAva meM bhI karma kA bandha aura bhoga to sambandhI mAnyatA ke nikaTa AtA hai| jabaki sAMkhya paramparA zvetAmbara calatA hai, lekina phira bhI jaba vicAraka-mana kA abhAva hotA hai to sampradAya ke nikaTa hai| paM0 sukhalAla jI likhate haiM ki sAMkhya Adi karma vAsanA-saMkalpa se yukta hote hue bhI vaicArika saMkalpa se yukta darzanoM kI paramparA ke anusAra mana kA sthAna kevala hRdaya nahIM mAnA nahIM hote haiM aura karmoM ke vaicArika saMkalpa se yukta nahIM hone ke kAraNa jA sakatA, kyoMki usa paramparA ke anusAra mana sUkSmaliMga zarIra meM, bandhana meM tIvratA bhI nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra navIna karmoM kA bandha jo aSTAdaza tattvoM kA viziSTa nikAyarUpa hai, praviSTa hai aura sUkSma hote hue bhI tIvra bandha nahIM hotA hai aura purAne karmoM kA bhoga calatA zarIra kA sthAna samasta sthUla zarIra hI mAnanA ucita jAna par3atA hai| rahatA hai| ata: nadI-pASANa nyAya ke anusAra saMyoga se kabhI na kabhI ataeva usa paramparA ke anusAra mana kA sthAna samagra sthUla zarIra hI vaha avasara A jAtA hai, jaba prANI viveka ko prApta kara letA hai siddha hotA hai| aura naitika vikAsa kI ora agrasara hone lagatA hai| jaina vicAraNA mana ke AdhyAtmika aura bhautika donoM svarUpoM ko svIkAra karake hI saMtoSa nahIM mAna letI varan ina bhautika aura mana kA svarUpa AdhyAtmika pakSoM ke bIca gahana sambandha ko bhI svIkAra kara letI isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mana AcAra darzana kA kendrabindu hai| jaina naitika vicAraNA meM bandhana ke lie amUrta cetana Atmatattva hai| jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kI paramparAyeM mana ko aura jar3a karmatattva kA jo sambandha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, usakI naitika jIvana ke sandarbha meM atyadhika mahattvUparNa sthAna pradAna karatI vyAkhyA ke lie use mana ke svarUpa kA yahI siddhAnta abhipreta ho haiN| ata: yaha svAbhAvika hai ki mana kA svarUpa kyA hai aura vaha naitika sakatA hai| anyathA jaina vicAraNA kI bandhana aura mukti kI vyAkhyA

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mana-zakti, svarUpa aura sAdhanA : eka vizleSaNa 373 hI asambhava hogii| vedAntika advaitavAda, bauddha vijJAnavAda evaM zUnyavAda advaitavAdI AcArya zaMkara ne kiyaa| yadi dUsarI ora cetana kI svatantra ke darzanoM meM bandhana kA kAraNa anya tattva ko nahIM mAnA jaataa| ataH sattA kA niSedha kara mAtra jar3atatva kI sattA ko hI mAnA jAye to vahAM sambandha kI samasyA hI nahIM aatii| sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA ko bhautikavAda meM AnA hogA, jisameM naitika jIvana ke lie koI sthAna kUTastha mAnane ke kAraNa vahAM bhI puruSa aura prakRti ke sambandha kI zeSa nahIM rhegaa| DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan likhate haiM- "jaina dArzanikoM ne koI samasyA nahIM rhtii| isalie ve mana ko ekAMta jar3a athavA cetana mana aura zarIra kA dvaita svIkAra kiyA, isalie ve samAnAntaravAda mAnakara apanA kAma calA lete haiN| lekina jar3a aura cetana ke madhya ko bhI usakI samasta sImAoM sahita svIkAra kara lete haiN| ve caitasika sambandha mAnane ke kAraNa jaina darzana ke lie mana ko ubhayarUpa mAnanA aura acaitasika tathyoM meM eka pUrva saMsthApita sAmajasya (PreAvazyaka hai| jaina vicAraNA meM mana apane ubhayAtmaka svarUpa ke kAraNa established harmony) svIkAra karate haiN|"17 lekina jaina vicAraNA hI jar3a karmavargaNA ke pudgala aura cetana Atma-tattva ke madhya yojaka dravyamana aura bhAvamana ke madhya kevala samAnAntaravAda yA pUrva saMsthApita kar3I bana gayA hai| mana kI zakti cetanA meM hai aura usakA kArya-kSetra sAmaMjasya hI nahIM mAnatI hai, apitu vyAvahArika dRSTi se to jaina vicAraka bhautika jagat hai| jar3a pakSa kI ora se vaha bhautika padArthoM se prabhAvita unameM vAstavika sambandha bhI mAnate haiN| samAnAntaravAda yA pUrva saMsthApita hotA hai aura apane cetana-pakSa kI ora se AtmA ko prabhAvita karatA sAmaMjasya to kevala pAramArthika yA dravyArthika dRSTi se svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra jaina dArzanika mana ke dvArA Atmatattva aura jar3atattva gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina dArzanika tattvajJAna ke kSetra meM jar3a aura cetana ke madhya aparokSa sambandha banA dete haiM tathA isa sambandha ke AdhAra meM nitAnta bhitratA mAnate hue bhI anubhava ke stara para yA manovaijJAnika para hI apanI bandhana kI dhAraNA ko siddha karate haiN| mana, jar3a jagat stara para unameM vAstavika sambandha ko svIkAra kara lete haiN| DaoN0 kalaghaTagI aura cetana jagat ke madhya avasthita eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jo donoM likhate haiM ki "jaina cintakoM ne mAnasika bhAvoM ko jar3a karmoM se svatantra sattAoM meM sambandha banAye rakhatA hai, jaba taka yaha mAdhyama prabhAvita hone ke sandarbha meM eka pariSkArita samAnAntaravAda prastuta kiyA rahatA hai tabhI taka jar3a evaM cetana jagat meM pArasparika prabhAvakatA rahatI hai- unakA samAnAntaravAda vyakti ke mana aura zarIra ke sambandha meM hai, jisake kAraNa bandhana kA krama calatA rahatA hai| nirvANa kI prApti eka prakAra kA manobhautika samAnAntaravAda hai- yadyapi ve mAnasika ke lie pahale mana ke ina ubhaya pakSoM ko alaga-alaga karanA hotA aura zArIrika tathyoM ke madhya hone vAlI pArasparika kriyA-pratikriyA hai| inake alaga-alaga hone para mana kI prabhAvaka zakti kSINa hone kI dhAraNA ko spaSTa rUpa se abhivyakta karate haiM- jaina dRSTikoNa lagatI hai aura anta meM mana kA hI vilaya hokara nirvANa kI upalabdhi jar3a aura cetana ke madhya rahe hue tAttvika virodha ke samanvaya kA eka ho jAtI hai| nirvANa dazA meM isa ubhaya svarUpa mana kA hI abhAva prayAsa hai, jo vaiyaktika mana evaM zarIra ke madhya pArasparika hone se bandhana kI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| kriyA-pratikriyA kI dhAraNA kI saMsthApanA karatA haiN| 18 ubhayAtmaka mana ke mAdhyama se jar3a aura cetana meM pArasparika isa prakAra hamane yaha dekhA ki jaina vicAraNA meM bAhya prabhAvakatA (Interaction) mAna lene mAtra se samasyA kA pUrNa samAdhAna bhautika jagat se sambandhita mana kA dravyAtmaka pakSa kisa prakAra apane nahIM hotaa| prazna yaha hai ki bAhya bhautika ghaTanAyeM evaM kriyAyeM Atmatattva bhAvAtmaka pakSa ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura jIvAtmA ko bandhana meM ko kaise prabhAvita karatI haiM, jabaki donoM svatantra haiM yadi ubhayarUpa DAlatA hai| lekina mana jina sAdhanoM ke dvArA bAhya jagat se sambandha mana ko unakA yojaka tattva mAna bhI liyA jAya to isase samasyA banAtA hai ve to indriyA~ haiM, mana kI viSaya-sAmagrI to indriyoM ke kA nirAkaraNa nahIM hotaa| yaha to samasyA ko TAlanA mAtra hai| jo mAdhyama se AtI hai| bAhya jagat se mana kA sIdhA sambandha nahIM hotA sambandha kI samasyA bhautika jagat aura Atmatattva ke madhya thI, use hai varan vaha indriyoM ke mAdhyama se jAgatika viSayoM se apanA kevala dravyamana aura bhAvamana ke nAma se manojagat meM sthAnAntarita sambandha banAtA hai| mana jisa para kArya karatA hai vaha sArI sAmagrI to kara diyA gayA hai| dravyamana aura bhAvamana kaise eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita indriya-saMvedana se prApta hotI hai| ata: mana ke kArya ke sambandha meM karate haiM yaha samasyA abhI banI huI hai| cAhe yaha sambandha kI samasyA vicAra karane se pahale hameM indriyoM ke sambandha meM bhI thor3A vicAra bhautika aura AdhyAtmika stara para ho, cAhe jar3a-karma-paramANu aura kara lenA hogaa| cetana AtmA ke madhya ho athavA mana ke bhautika aura abhautika staroM para ho, samasyA avazya banI rahatI hai| usake nirAkaraNa ke do hI mana ke sAdhana-indriyA~ mArga haiM- yA to bhautika aura AdhyAtmika saMjJAoM meM se kisI eka indriya zabda ke artha kI vizada vivecanA na karate hue yahA~ hama ke astittva kA niSedha kara diyA jAe athavA unameM eka prakAra kA kevala yahI kaheM ki "jina-jina kAraNoM kI sahAyatA se jIvAtmA viSayoM samAnAntaravAda mAna liyA jaae| jaina dArzanikoM ne pahale vikalpa meM kI ora abhimukha hotA hai athavA viSayoM ke upabhoga meM samartha hotA yaha doSa pAyA ki yadi kevala cetanatattva kI sattA mAnI jAe to samasta hai ve indriyA~ haiN|" isa artha ko lekara gItA yA jaina AgamoM meM kahIM bhautika jagat ko mithyA kahakara anubhUti ke tathyoM ko chuTakarA denA koI vivAda nahIM pAyA jaataa| yadyapi kucha vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM indriyA~ hogA, jaisA ki vijJAnavAdI evaM zUnyavAdI bauddha dArzanikoM tathA "mana" kA sAdhana yA "kAraNa' mAnI jAtI haiN|

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indriya 374 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 indriyoM kI saMkhyA ye viSaya-bhoga AtmA ko bAhyamukhI banA dete haiN| pratyeka indriya jaina dRSTi meM indriyA~ pA~ca mAnI jAtI haiM- (1) zrotra, (2) apane-apane viSayoM kI ora AkarSita hotI hai aura isa prakAra AtmA cakSu, (3) ghANa, (4) rasanA aura (5) sprshn| sAMkhya vicAraNA meM kA Antarika samatva bhaMga ho jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA indriyoM kI saMkhyA 11 mAnI gaI hai-5 jJAnendriyA~, 5 karmendriyA~ hai ki "sAdhaka zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha tathA sparza ina pA~coM prakAra aura 1 mn| jaina vicAraNA meM 5 jJAnendriyA~ to usI rUpa meM mAnI ke kAmaguNoM (indriya-viSayoM) ko sadA ke lie chor3a de,22 kyoMki gaI hai kintu mana ko noindriya (Quasi sense-organ) kahA gayA hai| ye indriyoM ke viSaya AtmA meM vikAra utpanna karate haiN| pA~ca karmendriyoM kI tulanA unakI 10 bala kI dhAraNA meM vAkbala, indriyA~ apane viSayoM se kisa prakAra sambandha sthApita karatI zarIrabala evaM zvAsocchvAsa bala se kI jA sakatI hai| 19 bauddha haiM aura AtmA ko una viSayoM se kaise prabhAvita karatI haiM, isakI visuddhimaggo meM indriyoM kI saMkhyA 22 mAnI gaI hai|20 bauddha vicAraNA vistRta vyAkhyA prajJApanAsUtra aura anya jaina granthoM meM milatI hai| vistAra meM ukta pA~ca indriyoM ke atirikta puruSatva, strItva, sukha-duHkha tathA bhaya se hama isa vivecanA meM jAnA nahIM cAhate haiN| hamAre lie itanA zubha evaM azubha Adi ko bhI indriya mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM hI jAna lenA paryApta hai ki jisa prakAra dravyamana bhAvamana ko prabhAvita indriyA~ do prakAra kI hotI haiM- (1) dravyendriya (2) bhaavendriy| indriyoM karatA hai aura bhAvamana se AtmA prabhAvita hotI hai, usI prakAra dravyendriya kI AMgika saMracanA (Structural aspect) dravyendriya kahalAtI haiM aura (Structural aspect of sense organ) kA viSaya se samparka hotA hai Antarika kriyAzakti (Functional aspect) bhAvendriya kahalAtI hai| aura vaha bhAvendriya (Functional and Psychic aspect of sence organ) inameM se pratyeka ke puna: upa-vibhAga kiye gaye haiM, jinheM saMkSepa meM ko prabhAvita karatI hai aura bhAvendriya (AtmA kI zakti hone ke kAraNa) nimna sAriNI se samajhA jA sakatA hai : se AtmA prabhAvita hotI hai| naitika cetanA kI dRSTi se mana aura indriyoM ke mahattva tathA svarUpa ke sambandha meM yatheSTa rUpa se vicAra kara lene ke pazcAt yaha jAna lenA ucita hogA ki mana aura indriyoM kA aisA dravyendriya bhAvendriya kauna sA mahattvapUrNa kArya hai, jisake kAraNa unheM naitika cetanA meM itanA sthAna diyA jAtA hai| upakaraNa (indriya rakSaka aGga) nivRtti (indriya aGga) vAsanA prANIya vyavahAra kA preraka tattva bahiraGga aMtaraGga bahiraGga aMtaraGga mana aura indriyoM ke dvArA viSayoM kA samparka hotA hai| isa samparka se kAmanA utpanna hotI hai| yahI kAmanA yA icchA naitikatA kI parisImA labdhi (zakti) upayoga (cetanA) meM Ane vAle vyavahAra kA AdhArabhUta preraka tattva hai| sabhI bhAratIya AcAra darzana yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki vAsanA, kAmanA yA icchA se indriyoM ke vyApAra yA viSaya prasUta samasta vyavahAra hI naitika vivecanA kA viSaya hai| smaraNa rakhanA (1) zrotrendriya kA viSaya zabda hai| zabda tIna prakAra kA mAnA cAhie ki bhAratIya darzanoM meM vAsanA, kAmanA, kAmaguNa, icchA, AzA, gayA hai- jIva kA zabda, ajIva kA zabda aura mizra shbd| kucha lobha, tRSNA, Asakti Adi zabda lagabhaga samAnArthaka rUpa meM prayukta vicAraka sAta prakAra ke zabda mAnate haiN| (2) cakSurindriya kA viSaya hue haiM, jinakA sAmAnya artha mana aura indriyoM kI apane viSayoM kI raMga-rUpa hai| raMga kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, lAla aura zveta, pA~ca prakAra "cAha" se hai| bandhana kA kAraNa indriyoM kA unake viSayoM se hone ke haiN| zeSa raMga inhIM ke sammizraNa ke pariNAma haiN| (3) ghrANendriya vAle samparka yA sahaja zArIrika kriyAe~ nahIM haiM, varan vAsanA hai| kA viSaya gandha hai| gandha do prakAra kI hotI hai- sugandha aura durgndh| niyamasAra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki sAmAnya vyakti kA (4) rasanA kA viSaya rasAsvAdana hai| rasa pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM- uThanA-baiThanA, calanA-phiranA, dekhanA-jAnanA Adi kriyAe~ vAsanA se kaTu, amla, lavaNa, tikta aura kssaay| (5) sparzendriya kA viSaya yukta hone ke kAraNa bandhana kA kAraNa hai jabaki kevalI (sarvajJa yA sparzAnubhUti hai| sparza ATha prakAra ke hote haiM- uSNa, zIta, rUkSa, jIvanamukta) kI ye sabhI kriyAe~ vAsanA yA icchArahita hone ke kAraNa cikanA, halkA, bhArI, karkaza aura koml| isa prakAra zrotrendriya ke| bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hotii| icchA yA saMkalpa (pariNAma) pUrvaka kie 3, cakSurindriya ke 5, ghANendriya ke 2, rasanendriya ke 5 aura sparzendriya hue vacana Adi kArya hI bandhana ke kAraNa hote haiN| icchArahita kArya ke 8, kula milAkara pA~coM indriyoM ke 23 viSaya hote haiN| bandhana ke kAraNa nahIM hote|23 jaina vicAraNA meM sAmAnya rUpa se yaha mAnA gayA hai ki pA~coM isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaina AcAra darzana meM vAsanAtmaka indriyoM ke dvArA jIva uparokta viSayoM kA sevana karatA hai| gItA meM tathA aicchika vyavahAra hI naitika nirNaya kA pramukha AdhAra hai| jaina kahA gayA hai yaha jIvAtmA zrotra, cakSa, tvacA, rasanA, ghrANa aura mana / naitika vivecanA kI dRSTi se vAsanA (icchA) ko hI samagra jIvana ke ke Azraya se hI viSayoM kA sevana karatA hai|21 vyavahAra kSetra kA cAlaka tattva kahA jA sakatA hai| pAzcAtya AcAra

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375 mana-zakti, svarUpa aura sAdhanA : eka vizleSaNa darzana meM jIvavRtti (Want), kSudhA (Appetite), icchA (Desire), pravRtta honA aura pratikUla viSayoM se bacanA yahI vAsanA hai| jo indriyoM abhilASA (Wish) aura saMkalpa (will) meM artha vaibhinya evaM krama mAnA ke anukUla hotA hai vahI sukhada aura jo pratikUla hotA hai vahI du:khada gayA hai| unake anusAra isa samagra krama meM cetanA kI spaSTatA ke AdhAra hai|26 ataH sukhada kI ora pravRtti karanA aura du:khada se nivRtti cAhanA, para vibheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| jIvavRtti cetanA ke nimnatama stara vanaspati yahI vAsanA kI cAlanA ke do kendra haiM, jinameM sukhada viSaya dhanAtmaka jagat meM pAyI jAtI hai| pazujagat meM jIvavRtti ke sAtha-sAtha kSudhA tathA duHkhada viSaya RNAtmaka cAlanA ke kendra haiN| isa prakAra vAsanA, kA bhI yoga hotA hai, lekina cetanA ke mAnavIya stara para Akara to tRSNA yA kAmaguNa hI samasta vyavahAra kA preraka tattva hai| bhAratIya jIvavRtti se saMkalpa taka ke sAre hI tattva upalabdha hote haiN| vastutaH cintana meM vyavahAra ke preraka ke rUpa meM jisa vAsanA ko svIkArA gayA jIvavRtti se lekara saMkalpa taka ke sAre staroM meM vAsanA ke mUlatattva hai, vahI vAsanA pAzcAtya phrAyaDIya manovijJAna meM "kAma" aura mekogala meM mUlata: koI antara nahIM hai, antara hai, kevala cetanA meM usake bodha ke prayojanavAdI manovijJAna meM hArmI (Harme) yA arja (Urge) athavA kaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, inameM mAtrAtmaka antara hai, guNAtmaka antara nahIM mUlapravRtti kahI jAtI hai| pAzcAtya aura bhAratIya paramparAe~ isa sambandha hai| yahI kAraNa hai bhAratIya darzana meM isa krama ke sambandha meM koI meM ekamata haiM ki prANIya vyavahAra kA preraka tattva vAsanA, kAmanA yA vivecanA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM vAsanA, kAmanA, tRSNA hai| inake do rUpa banate haiM- rAga aura dvess| rAga dhanAtmaka icchA aura tRSNA Adi zabda to avazya milate haiM aura vAsanA kI aura dveSa RNAtmaka hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM karTa levina ne inheM tIvratA kI dRSTi se inameM antara bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI kramazaH AkarSaNa zakti (positive valence) aura vikarSaNa zakti sAmAnya rUpa se samAnArthaka rUpa meM hI unakA prayoga huA hai| bhAratIya (negative valence) kahA hai| darzana kI dRSTi se vAsanA ko jIvavRtti (Want) tathA kSudhA (Appetite), kAmanA ko icchA (Desire), icchA ko abhilASA (Desire), aura vyavahAra kI cAlanA ke do kendra-sukha aura duHkha tRSNA ko saMkalpa (Will) kahA jA sakatA hai| pAzcAtya vicAraka jahA~ anukUla viSaya kI ora AkarSita honA aura pratikUla viSayoM vAsanA ke kevala usa rUpa ko, jise hama saMkalpa (Will) kahate haiM, se vikarSita honA- yaha indriya svabhAva hai, lekina prazna yaha uThatA naitika nirmANa kA viSaya banAte haiM, vahIM bhAratIya cintana meM vAsanA hai ki indriyA~ kyoM anukUla viSayoM meM pravRtti aura pratikUla viSayoM ke ve rUpa bhI jinameM vAsanA kI cetanA kA spaSTa bodha nahIM hai, naitikatA se nivRtti rakhanA cAhatI haiN| yadi isakA uttara manovijJAna ke AdhAra kI parisImA meM A jAte haiN| para dene kA prayAsa kiyA jAe to hameM mAtra yahI kahanA hogA ki anukUla cAhe vAsanA ke rUpa meM andha aindrika abhivRtti ho yA mana kA viSayoM kI ora pravRtti aura pratikUla viSayoM se nivRtti eka naisargika vimarzAtmaka saMkalpa ho, donoM ke hI mUla meM vAsanA kA tattva nihita tathya hai, jise hama sukha-duHkha kA niyama bhI kahate haiN| manovijJAna hai aura yahI vAsanA prANIya vyavahAra kI mUlabhUta preraka hai| vyavahAra prANI jagat kI isa naisargika vRtti kA vizleSaNa to karatA hai, lekina kI dRSTi se vAsanA (jIvavRtti) aura tRSNA (saMkalpa) meM antara yaha yaha nahIM batA sakatA hai ki aisA kyoM hai? hai ki pahalI spaSTa rUpa se cetanA ke stara para nahIM hone ke kAraNa yahI sukha-duHkha kA niyama samasta prANIya vyavahAra kA cAlaka mAtra andhapravRtti hotI hai jabaki dUsarI cetanA ke stara para hone ke tattva hai| jaina dArzanika bhI prANIya vyavahAra ke cAlaka tattva ke rUpa kAraNa vimarzAtmaka hotI hai| cetanA meM icchA ke spaSTa bodha kA abhAva meM isI sukha-duHkha ke niyama ko svIkAra karate haiN| mana evaM indriyoM icchA kA abhAva nahIM hai| isIliye jaina aura bauddha vicAraNA ne pazu ke mAdhyama se isI niyama ke anusAra prANIya vyavahAra kA saMcAlana Adi cetanA ke nimna staroM vAle prANiyoM ke vyavahAra ko bhI naitikatA hotA hai| kI parisImA meM mAnA hai| vahAM pAzavika stara para pAyI jAne vAlI isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vAsanA hI apane vidheyAtmaka rUpa vAsanA kI andha pravRtti hI naitika nirNayoM kA viSaya banatI hai| meM sukha aura niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM duHkha kA rUpa le letI hai| jisase vAsanA kI pUrti ho vahI sukha aura jisase vAsanA kI pUrti na ho vAsanA kyoM hotI hai? athavA vAsanA-pUrti meM bAdhA utpanna ho vaha du:kha hai| isa prakAra vAsanA gaNadharavAda meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra devadatta apane mahala se hI sukha-duHkha ke bhAva utpanna hokara prANIya vyavahAra kA nirdhAraNa kI khir3akiyoM se bAhya jagat ko dekhatA hai, usI prakAra prANI indriyoM karane lagate haiN| ke mAdhyama se bAhya padArthoM se apanA samparka banAtA hai|4 kaThopaniSad apane anukUla viSayoM kI ora AkRSTa honA aura unheM grahaNa meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki indriyoM ko bahirmukha karake hiMsita kara diyA karanA, yaha indriyoM kI svAbhAvika pravRtti hai| mana ke abhAva meM yaha gayA hai isalie jIva bAhya viSayoM kI ora hI dekhatA hai antarAtmA indriyoM kI andhapravRtti hotI hai, lekina jaba indriyoM ke sAtha mana ko nhiiN|25 kA yoga ho jAtA hai to indriyoM meM sukhada anubhUtiyoM kI puna:-puna indriyoM kA viSayoM se samparka hone para kucha viSaya anukUla aura prApti kI tathA duHkhada anubhUti se bacane kI pravRtti vikasita ho kucha viSaya pratikUla pratIta hote haiN| anukUla viSayoM kI ora puna:-punaH jAtI hai|

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376 27 basa yahIM icchA, tRSNA yA saMkalpa kA janma hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne icchA kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai-- mana aura indriyoM ke anukUla viSayoM kI punaH prApti kI pravRtti hI icchA hai, " athavA indriyoM ke viSayoM kI prApti kI abhilASA kA atireka hI icchA hai|" yaha indriyoM kI sukhada anubhUti ko punaH punaH prApta karane kI lAlasA yA icchA hI tIvra hokara Asakti yA rAga kA rUpa le letI hai| dUsarI ora duHkhada anubhUtiyoM se bacane kI abhivRtti ghRNA evaM dveSa kA rUpa le letI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai- "manoja, priya yA anukUla viSaya hI rAga kA kAraNa hote haiM aura pratikUla yA amanojJa viSaya dveSa kA kAraNa hote haiM / 29 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 sukhada anubhUtiyoM se rAga aura duHkhada anubhUtiyoM se dveSa tathA isa rAga-dveSa se anyAnya kaSAya aura azubha vRttiyA~ kaise pratiphalita hotI haiM, ise uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki indriya aura mana meM unake viSayoM ko sevana karane kI lAlasA jAgRta hotI hai| sukhada anubhUti ko punaH punaH prApta karane kI icchA aura duHkha se bacane kI icchA se hI rAga yA Asakti utpanna hotI hai| isa Asakti se prANI moha yA jar3atA ke samudra meM DUba jAtA hai kAmaguNa (indriyoM ke viSayoM) meM Asakti utpanna hotI hai| isa Asakti se prANI moha yA jar3atA ke samudra meM DUba jAtA hai kAmaguNa (indriyoM ke viSayoM) meM Asakta hokara jIva krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, ghRNA, hAsya, bhaya, zoka tathA strI, puruSa aura napusaMka bhAva kI vAsanAe~ Adi aneka prakAra ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM ko utpanna karatA hai aura una bhAvoM kI pUrti ke prayAsa meM aneka rUpoM (zarIroM) ko dhAraNa karatA hai / isa prakAra indriyoM aura mana ke viSayoM meM Asakta prANI janma-maraNa ke cakra meM pha~sakara viSayAsakti se avaza, dIpa, lajjita aura karuNAjanaka sthiti ko prApta ho jAtA hai| 30 gItA meM bhI yahI dRSTikoNa prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki " mana se indriyoM ke viSayoM kA cintana kie jAne para una viSayoM se samparka kI icchA utpanna hotI hai aura usa samparka icchA se kAmanA yA Asakti kA janma hotA hai| Asakta viSayoM kI prApti meM jaba bAdhA utpanna hotI hai to krodha (ghRNA, dveSa) utpanna ho jAtA hai| krodha meM mUr3hatA yA aviveka, aviveka se smRtinAza aura smRtinAza se buddhi vinaSTa ho jAtI hai tathA buddhi ke vinaSTa hone se vyakti vinAza kI ora calA jAtA hai / 3" isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki jaba indriyoM kA anukUla yA sukhada viSayoM se samparka hotA hai to una viSayoM meM Asakti tathA rAga ke bhAva jAgRta hote haiM aura jaba indriyoM kA pratikUla yA duHkhada viSayoM se saMyoga hotA hai athavA anukUla viSayoM kI prApti meM koI bAdhA AtI hai to ghRNA yA vidveSa ke bhAva jAgRta hote haiM isa prakAra sukha-duHkha kA preraka niyama eka dUsare rUpa meM badala jAtA hai, jahA~ sukha kA sthAna rAga yA Asakti kA bhAva le letA hai aura duHkha kA sthAna ghRNA yA dveSa kA bhAva le letA hai ye rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyA~ hI vyakti ke naitika adha: patana evaM janma-maraNa kI paramparA kA kAraNa hotI haiM, sabhI bhAratIya darzana ise svIkAra karate haiN| jaina vicAraka kahate haiM- "rAga aura dveSa ye donoM hI karma-paramparA ke bIja haiM aura yahI karma-paramparA ke kAraNa haiM / 32 ise bhI sabhI bhAratIya AcAra darzana svIkAra karate haiN| gItA meM kahA gayA hai- "he arjuna! icchA (rAga) aura dveSa ke indva meM moha se AvRta hokara prANI isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN| " 33 tathAgata buddha kahate haiM-- "jisane rAga-dveSa aura moha ko chor3a diyA hai, vahI phira mAtA ke garbha meM nahIM pdd'taa|' 1134 isa samaya vivecanA ko hama saMkSepa meM isa prakAra rakha sakate haiN| ki vividha indriyoM evaM mana ke dvArA unake viSayoM ke grahaNa kI cAha meM vAsanA ke pratyaya kA nirmANa hotA hai| vAsanA kA pratyaya punaH apane vidheyAtmaka evaM niSedhAtmaka pakSoM ke rUpa meM sukha aura duHkha kI bhAvanAoM ko janma detA hai yahI sukha aura duHkha kI bhAvanAeM rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyoM kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiN| yahI rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyA~ krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhAdi vividha prakAra ke anaitika vyApAra kA kAraNa hotI haiN| lekina ina sabake mUla meM to aindrika evaM manojanya vyApAra hI hai, isaliye sAdhAraNa rUpa se yaha mAnA gayA ki naitika AcaraNa evaM naitika vikAsa ke lie indriya aura mana kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha kara diyA jaae| AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki indriyoM para kAbU kiye binA rAgadveSa evaM kaSAyoM para vijaya pAnA sambhava nahIM hotA hai / 35 ataH aba isa sambandha meM vicAra karanA iSTa hogA ki kyA indriya aura mana ke vyApAroM kA nirodha sambhava hai aura yadi nirodha sambhava hai to usakA vAstavika rUpa kyA hai ? indriya nirodha: sambhAvanA aura satya indriyoM ke viSaya apanI pUrti ke prayAsa meM kisa prakAra naitika patana kI ora le jAte hai isakA sajIva citraNa uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke battIsaveM adhyayana meM milatA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai-- rUpa ko grahaNa karane vAlI cakSurindriya hai aura rUpa cakSurindriya se grahaNa hone yogya hai priya rUpa rAga kA aura apriya rUpa dveSa kA kAraNa hai| " 1 jisa prakAra dRSTi ke rAga meM Atura hokara pataMgA mRtyu pAtA hai, usI prakAra rUpa meM atyanta Asakta hokara jIva akAla meM hI mRtyu pAte haiN| 27 rUpa kI AzA meM par3A huA gurukarmI, ajJAnI jIva, trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI aneka prakAra se hiMsA karatA hai, paritApa utpanna karatA hai tathA pIr3ita karatA hai / 38 rUpa meM mUrcchita jIva una padArthoM ke utpAdana, rakSaNa evaM vyaya meM aura viyoga kI cintA meM lagA rahatA hai| use sukha kahA~ hai? vaha saMyoga kAla meM bhI atRpta rahatA hai| " rUpa meM Asakta manuSya ko thor3A bhI sukha nahIM hotA, jisa vastu kI prApti meM usane duHkha uThAyA, usake upayoga ke samaya bhI vaha duHkha pAtA hai / 40 zrotrendriya zabda kI grAhaka aura zabda zrotra kA zAhA hai priya zabda rAga kA aura apriya zabda dveSa kA kAraNa hai / 41 jisa prakAra rAga meM gRddha banA huA mRga mugdha hokara zabda meM santoSita na hotA huA mRtyu pA letA hai, usI prakAra zabdoM ke viSaya meM atyanta mUrcchita .

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mana-zakti, svarUpa aura sAdhanA : eka vizleSaNa hone vAlA jIva akAla meM hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| 42 zabda kI Asakti meM par3A huA bhArI kamIM jIva ajJAnI hokara usa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI aneka prakAra se hiMsA karatA hai, paritApa utpanna karatA hai aura pIr3A detA hai / 43 vaha manohara zabda vAle padArthoM kI prApti, rakSaNa evaM vyaya meM tathA viyoga kI ciMtA meM lagA rahatA hai, unake saMbhoga kAla ke samaya meM bhI atRpta hI banA rahatA hai, phira use sukha kahA~ hai / 44 tRSNAvaza vaha jIva corI, jhUTha aura kapaTa kI vRddhi karatA huA atRpta hI rahatA hai, duHkha se nahIM chUTa sktaa| * nAsikA gandha ko grahaNa karatI hai aura gaMdha nAsikA kA grAhya hai / sugandha rAga kA kAraNa hai aura durgandha dveSa kA kAraNa hai / 46 jisa prakAra sugandha meM mUrcchita huA sarpa bA~bI se bAhara nikalakara mArA jAtA hai, usI prakAra gandha meM atyanta Asakta jIva akAla meM hI mRtyu pA letA hai|" sugandha ke vazIbhUta hokara bAlajIva aneka prakAra se trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kA ghAta karatA hai, unheM duHkha detA hai / 48 vaha jIva sugandhita padArthoM kI prApti, rakSaNa, vyaya tathA viyoga kI cintA meM hI lagA rahatA hai, ataH vaha unake bhogakAla meM bhI atRpta hI rahatA hai, phira use sukha kahAM 49 hai / jihvA rasa ko grahaNa karatI hai aura rasa jihvA kA grAhya hai manapasanda rasa rAga kA kAraNa aura mana ke pratikUla rasa dveSa kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| 5deg jisa prakAra mAMsa khAne ke lAlaca meM pha~sA huA maccha kA~Te meM pha~sakara mArA jAtA hai, usI prakAra rasoM meM atyanta gRddha jIva akAla meM mRtyu kA grAsa bana jAtA hai / 51 use kucha bhI sukha nahIM hotA, vaha rasabhoga ke samaya bhI duHkha aura kleza hI pAtA hai| isI prakAra amanojJa rasoM meM dveSa karane vAlA jIva bhI duHkha paramparA bar3hAtA hai aura kaluSita mana se karmoM kA upArjana karake usake duHkhada phala ko bhogatA hai|" zarIra sparza ko grahaNa karatA hai aura sparza zarIra kA grAhya hai| sukhada sparza rAga kA tathA duHkhada sparza dveSa kA kAraNa hai| jo jIva sukhada sparzo meM ati Asakta hotA hai, vaha jaMgala ke tAlAba ke ThaNDe pAnI meM par3e hue magara dvArA grasita bhaiMse kI taraha akAla meM hI mRtyu pAtA hai|" sparza kI AzA meM par3A huA vaha gurukarmI jIva carAcara jIvoM kI aneka prakAra se hiMsA karatA hai, unheM duHkha detA hai / 56 sukhada sparzo meM mUrcchita huA prANI una vastuoM kI prApti, rakSaNa, vyaya evaM viyoga kI cintA meM hI ghulA karatA hai| bhoga ke samaya bhI vaha tRpta nahIM hotA phira usake lie sukha kahA~ ? sparza meM Asakta jIvoM ko kiMcit bhI sukha nahIM hotA hai| jisa vastu kI prApti kleza evaM duHkha se huI usake bhoga ke samaya bhI kaSTa hI milatA hai| AcArya hemacandra bhI yogazAstra meM kahate haiM ki sparzendriya ke vazIbhUta hokara hAthI, rasanendriya ke vazIbhUta hokara machalI, ghrANendriya ke vazIbhUta hokara bhramara, cakSurindriya ke vazIbhUta hokara pataMgA aura zravaNendriya ke vazIbhUta hokara hariNa mRtyu kA grAsa banatA hai| jaba eka-eka indriya ke viSayoM meM Asakti mRtyu kA kAraNa banatI hai, phira bhalA pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM ke sevana meM Asakta manuSya kI 377 kyA sthiti hogii| gItA meM bhI zrIkRSNa ne indriya-damana ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki jisa prakAra jala meM vAyu nAva ko hara letI hai, vaise hI mana sahita viSayoM meM vicaratI huI indriyoM meM se eka hI indriya isa puruSa kI buddhi ko haraNa kara lene meM samartha hotI hai sAdhanA meM prayatnazIla buddhimAn puruSa ke mana ko bhI ye pramathana svabhAva vAlI indriyA~ balAtkAra se hara letI haiM aura use sAdhanA se cyuta kara detI haiN| ataH sampUrNa indriyoM ko vaza meM karake tathA samAhita citta hokara mana ko mere meM lgaa| jisa vyakti kI indriyA~ apane adhikAra meM haiM, vahI prajJAvAna anyatra punaH kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka sabase pahale indriyoM ko vaza meM karake jJAna ke vinAza karane vAle isa kAma kA parityAga leN| " hai dhammapada meM tathAgata buddha bhI kahate haiM ki "jo manuSya indriyoM ke viSayoM meM asaMyata rahatA hai, use mAra (kAma) sAdhanA se usI prakAra girA detA hai, jisa prakAra durbala vRkSa ko havA girA detI hai| lekina jo indriyoM ke viSayoM meM susaMyata rahatA hai, use mAra (kAma) usI prakAra sAdhanA se vicalita nahIM kara sakatA jaise vAyu parvata ko vicalita nahIM kara sktaa| 161 jaina darzana aura gItA meM indriyadamana kA vAstavika artha prazna yaha hai ki yadi indriya-vyApAra bandhana ke kAraNa haiM to phira kyA inakA nirodha sambhava hai? yadi hama isa prazna para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kareM to yaha pAyeMge ki jaba taka jIva deha dhAraNa kiye hai, usake dvArA indriya-vyApAroM kA nirodha sambhava nahIM hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha eka aise vAtAvaraNa meM rahatA hai jahA~ use indriyoM ke viSayoM se sAkSAt samparka rakhanA hI par3atA hai| A~kha ke samakSa dRzya viSaya prastuta hone para vaha usake rUpa aura raMga ke darzana se vaMcita nahIM raha sakatA, bhojana karate samaya usake rasa ko asvIkAra nahIM kara sakatA, kisI zabda ke upasthita hone para karNa yantra usakI AvAja ko sune binA nahIM raha sakatA aura ThIka isI prakAra anyAnya indriyoMke viSaya upasthita hone para vaha unheM asvIkAra nahIM kara sakatA arthAt manovaijJAnika dRSTi se indriya-vyApAroM kA nirodha eka asambhava tathya hai| tathApi yaha prazna uThatA hai ki bandhana se kaise bacA jAya? isa prazna kA uttara dete hue jaina darzana kahatA hai ki bandhana kA kAraNa indriya-vyApAra nahIM varan unake mUla meM nihita rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyA~ hI haiN| jaisA ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki indriyoM aura mana ke viSaya, rAgI puruSoM ke lie hI duHkha (bandhana) ke kAraNa hote haiM, ye viSaya vItarAgiyoM ke lie bandhana yA duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM ho skte|" kAmabhoga kisI ko bhI sammohita nahIM kara sakate hai, na kisI meM vikAra hI paidA kara sakate hai, kintu jo viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa karatA hai, vahI rAga-dveSa se vikRta hotA hai| " gItA meM bhI isI prakAra nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka indriya ke viSayoM arthAt bhogoM meM upasthita jo rAga aura dveSa haiM, unake vaza meM nahIM hoM, kyoMki ye donoM hI kalyANa mArga meM vighna karane vAle .

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378 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 mahAn zatru haiN|64 indriyoM ke dvArA viSayoM ko na grahaNa karane vAle rakSA karanA atyanta kaThina hai, isakI vRttiyoM kA kaThinatA se hI nivAraNa puruSa ke kevala viSaya to nivRtta ho jAte haiM, kintu rAga nivRtta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: buddhimAna manuSya ise aise hI sIdhA kare hote| jabaki nirvANa lAbha ke lie rAga kA nivRtta honA paramAvazyaka jaise iSukAra (bANa banAne vAlA) bANa ko sIdhA karatA hai| yaha citta kaThinatA se nigrahita hotA hai, atyanta zIghragAmI aura yatheccha vicaraNa vAstavikatA yaha hai ki nirodha indriya-vyApAroM kA nahIM varan karane vAlA hai isalie isakA damana karanA hI zreyaskara hai, damita kiyA unameM nihita rAga-dveSa kA karanA hotA hai, kyoMki bandhana kA vAstavika huA citta hI sukhavardhaka hotA hai|''74 jaina AcArya hemacandra kahate kAraNa indriya-vyApAra nahIM, varan rAga-dveSa kI pravRttiyA~ haiN| jaina dArzanika haiM, "A~dhI kI taraha caMcala mana mukti prApta karane ke icchuka evaM tapa kahate haiM- indriyoM ke zabdAdi manojJa athavA amanojJa viSayAsakta karane vAle manuSya ko bhI kahIM kA kahIM le jAkara paTaka detA hai, vyakti ke lie hI rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa hote haiM, vItarAga ke liye nhiiN|67 ataH jo manuSya mukti cAhate hoM unheM samagra vizva meM bhaTakane vAle gItA kahatI hai ki rAga-dveSa se vimukta vyakti indriya-vyApAroM ko karatA lampaTa mana kA nirodha karanA caahie|"75 huA bhI pavitratA ko hI prApta hotA hai|68 isa prakAra jainadarzana aura manonigrahaNa ke uparokta sandarbho ke AdhAra para bhAratIya naitika gItA indriya-vyApAroM ke nirodha kI bAta nahIM kahate, varan indriyoM cintana para yaha AkSepa lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha Adhunika ke viSayoM ke prati rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM ke nirodha kI dhAraNA ko prasthApita manovijJAna kI kasauTI para kharA nahIM utrtaa| Adhunika manovijJAna karate haiN| icchAoM ke damana evaM manonigraha ko mAnasika samatva kA hetu nahIM isI prakAra manonirodha ke sambandha meM kucha bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ banA mAnatA, varan isake ThIka viparIta use citta vikSobha kA kAraNa mAnatA lI gaI haiM, yahA~ hama usakA bhI yathArtha svarUpa prastuta karane kA prayAsa hai| damana, nigraha, nirodha Aja kI manovaijJAnika dhAraNA meM mAnasika kreNge| santulana ke bhaMga karane vAle mAne gaye haiN| phrAyaDa ne manovighaTana evaM manovikRtiyoM kA pramukha kAraNadamana aura pratirodha ko hI mAnA hai| icchAnirodha yA manonigraha Adhunika manovijJAna kI isa mAnyatA ko jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sakatA bhAratIya AcAra darzana meM icchAnirodha evaM vAsanAoM ke nigraha ki icchAnirodha aura manonigrahaNa mAnasika svAsthya ke liye ahitakara kA svara kAphI mukharita huA hai| AcAra darzana ke adhikAMza vidhi-niSedha hai| yahI nahIM icchAoM ke damana meM jitanI adhika tIvratA hotI hai icchAoM ke damana se sambandhita haiM, kyoMki icchAe~ tRpti cAhatI haiM ve damita icchAe~ utane hI vega se vikRta rUpa se prakaTa hokara na kevala aura isa prakAra citta zAnti yA AdhyAtmika samatva kA bhaMga ho jAtA apanI pUrti kA prayAsa karatI haiM, varan vyakti ke vyaktitva ko bhI hai| ata: yaha mAnA gayA ki samatva ke naitika Adarza kI upalabdhi vikRta banA detI haiN| yadi hama isa tathya ko svIkAra karate haiM to phira ke lie icchAoM kA damana kara diyA jaay| mana icchAoM evaM saMkalpoM naitika jIvana se isa damana kI dhAraNA ko hI samApta kara denA hogaa| kA utpAdaka hai, ata: icchAnirodha kA artha manonigraha hI mAna liyA prazna hotA hai ki kyA bhAratIya nIti nirmAtAoM kI dRSTi se yaha tathya gyaa| pataMjali ne to yahA~ taka kaha diyA ki cittavRtti kA nirodha ojhala thA? lekina bAta aisI nahIM hai jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke hI yoga hai| yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki mana svayaM hI samagra klezoM kA ___AcAra-darzana ke nirmAtAoM kI dRSTi meM damana ke anaucitya kI dhAraNA dhAma hai| usameM jo bhI vRttiyA~ uThatI haiM ve sabhI bandhanarUpa haiN| ataH atyanta spaSTa thI, jise sapramANa prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi una manovyApAroM kA sarvathA avarodha kara denA hI nirvikalpaka samAdhi gaharAI se dekheM to gItA spaSTa rUpa se damana yA nigraha ke anaucitya hai, naitika jIvana kA Adarza hai| jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra ko svIkAra karatI hai| gItA meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki "prANI darzanoM meM icchAnirodha aura manonigraha ke pratyaya ko svIkAra kiyA apanI prakRti ke anusAra hI vyavahAra karate haiM ve nigraha kaise kara sakate gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- "yaha mana usa duSTa aura haiN|'76 yogavAsiSTha meM isa bAta ko adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA bhayaMkara azva ke samAna hai jo cAroM dizAoM meM bhAgatA hai|"69 ata: hai ki "he rAjarSi! tInoM loka meM jitane bhI prANI haiM svabhAva se hI sAdhaka samarambha, samArambha aura Arambha meM pravRtta hone vAle isa mana unakI deha dvayAtmaka hai| jaba taka zarIra rahatA hai taba taka zarIradharma kA nigraha kreN|70 gItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "yaha mana atyanta svabhAva se hI anivArya hai arthAt prAkRtika vAsanA kA damana yA nirodha hI caMcala, vikSobha utpanna karane vAlA aura bar3A balavAna hai, isakA nahIM hotaa|"77 nirodha karanA vAyu ke rokane ke samAna atyanta hI duSkara hai|"71 phira gItA kahatI hai ki yadyapi viSayoM ko grahaNa nahIM karane vAle bhI kRSNa kahate haiM ki "nissaMdeha isa mana kA kaThinatA se nigraha hotA arthAt indriyoM ko unake viSayoM ke upabhoga karane se roka dene vAle hai, kintu abhyAsa aura vairAgya ke dvArA isakA nigraha sambhava hai,"72 vyaktiyoM ke dvArA viSayoM ke bhoga kA to nigraha ho jAtA hai, lekina isalie he arjuna! tU mana kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha kara isa mana ko unakA rasa (Asakti) banA rahatA hai| arthAt ve mUlataH naSTa nahIM ho mere meM lgaa|73 bauddha grantha dhammapada meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "yaha citta pAte aura anukUla paristhitiyoM meM puna: vyutthita ho jAte haiN| atyanta hI caMcala hai, isa para adhikAra kara, kyoki kumArga se isakI "rasavarjaraso'tyasya' kA pada spaSTa rUpa se yaha saMketa karatA hai ki

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mana-zakti, svarUpa aura sAdhanA : eka vizleSaNa 379 gItA meM naitika vikAsa kA vAstavika mArga nigraha kA nahIM hai| na kevala mArga nahIM maanaa| unhoMne kahA- vikAsa kA saccA mArga vAsanA-saMskAra gItA ke AcAra darzana meM damana ko anucita mAnA gayA hai, varan bauddha ko dabAnA nahIM hai apitu unakA kSaya karanA hai| vAstava meM damana kA aura jaina vicAraNAoM meM bhI yahI dRSTikoNa apanAyA gayA hai| buddha mArga svAbhAvika nahIM hai, vAsanAoM yA icchAoM ke nirodha karane kI ke madhyamamArga ke upadeza kA sAra yahI hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa apekSA ve kSINa ho jAe~, yahI apekSita hai| prazna hotA hai ki vAsanAoM ke mArga meM vAsanAoM kA damana itanA mahattvUparNa nahIM hai jitanA unase ke kSaya aura nirodha meM kyA antara hai| Upara uTha jaanaa| vAsanAoM ke damana kA mArga aura vAsanAoM ke bhoga nirodha meM citta meM vAsanA uThatI hai aura phira use dabAyA jAtA kA mArga donoM hI buddha kI dRSTi meM sAdhanA ke sacce mArga nahIM haiN| hai, jabaki kSaya meM vAsanA kA uThanA hI zanaiH-zanaiH kama hokara samApta tathAgata buddha ne jisa madhyamamArga kA upadeza diyA usakA spaSTa Azaya ho jAtA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi meM damana kI kriyA meM yahI thA ki sAdhanA meM damana para jo atyadhika bala diyA jA rahA vAsanAtmaka ahaM (Id) aura AdarzAtmaka ahaM (Super-ego) meM saMgharSa thA use kama kiyA jaay| bauddha sAdhanA kA Adarza to cittazAnti hai, calatA rahatA hai| lekina kSaya meM yaha saMgharSa nahIM hotA hai| vahA~ to jabaki damana to cittakSobha yA mAnasika dvandva ko hI janma detA hai| vAsanA uThatI hI nahIM hai| damana yA upazama meM hameM krodha kA bhAva bauddhAcArya anaMgavajra kahate haiM ki "citta-kSubdha hone se kabhI bhI mukti AtA hai aura hama use dabAte haiM yA use abhivyakta hone se rokate nahIM hotI, ata: isa taraha baratanA cAhie ki jisase mAnasika kSobha haiM, jabaki kSAyika bhAva meM krodhAdi vikAra samApta ho jAte haiN| upazamana utpanna na ho|''8 damana kI prakriyA cittakSobha kI prakriyA hai, cittazAnti (damana) meM mana meM krodha kA bhAva hotA hai, mAtra krodha-bhAva kA pragaTIkaraNa kI nhiiN| bodhicaryAvatAra kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai ki buddha ke dharma nahIM hotA jise sAdhAraNa bhASA meM gussA pI jAnA kahate haiN| upazama meM jahA~ dUsare ko pIr3A pahu~cAnA manA hai vahA~ apane ko pIr3A denA bhI gusse kA pI jAnA hI hai| isameM lokamaryAdA Adi bAhya tattva hI bhI anartha karma kahA gayA hai| saugata tantra ne AtmapIr3A ke mArga ko usake nirodha kA kAraNa banate haiN| isalie yaha Atmika vikAsa nahIM ThIka nahIM smjhaa| kyA damana mAtra se citta-vikSobha sarvathA calA jAtA hai, apitu usakA DhoMga hai, eka Aropita AvaraNa hai| kSAyika bhAva hogA? dabAyI huI vRttiyA~ jAgratAvasthA meM na sahI svapnAvasthA meM to meM krodha utpanna hI nahIM hotA hai| sAdhAraNa bhASA meM hama kahate haiM ki avazya hI citta ko matha DAlatI hogii| 79 jaba taka citta meM bhoga-lipsA aise sAdhaka ko gussA AtA hI nahIM hai, ata: yahI vikAsa kA saccA hai, taba taka cittakSobha kA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai| isa prakAra hama mArga hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra yadi koI sAdhaka naitika evaM dekhate haiM ki bauddha vicAraNA ko damana kA pratyaya abhipreta nahIM hai| AdhyAtmika pragati karatA hai to vaha pUrNatA ke apane lakSya ke atyadhika damana ke virodha meM uTha khar3I bauddha vicAraNA kI carama pariNati cAhe nikaTa pahu~ca kara bhI punaH patita ho jAtA hai| jaina vicAraNA kI paribhASika vAmAcAra ke rUpa meM huI ho, phira bhI usake damana ke virodha ko zabdAvalI meM kaheM to upazama mArga kA sAdhaka AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ke avAstavika nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| cittazAnti ke sAdhanAmArga meM caudaha guNasthAna (sIr3hiyoM) meM se gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka pahu~ca kara damana kA mahattvUparNa sthAna nahIM ho sktaa| jahA~ taka jaina vicAraNA kabhI-kabhI vahA~ se aisA giratA hai ki punaH nimnatama avasthA prathama kA prazna hai vaha apanI pAribhASika bhASA meM spaSTa rUpa se kahatI hai mithyAtva guNasthAna meM A jAtA hai| yaha tathya jaina sAdhanA meM damana ki "sAdhanA kA saccA mArga upazamika nahIM varan kSAyika hai|" kI paramparA kA kyA anaucitya hai ise spaSTa kara detA hai| yahA~ para jaina dRSTikoNa ke anusAra aupazamika mArga vaha mArga hai jisameM yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki Agama granthoM meM mana mana kI vRttiyoM, vAsanAoM ko dabAkara sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Age bar3hA ke nirodha kA upadeza aneka sthAnoM para diyA gayA hai, vahA~ nirodha jAtA hai| icchAoM ke nirodha kA mArga hI aupazamika mArga hai| jisa kA kyA artha hai? vahA~ para nirodha kA artha damana nahIM lagAnA cAhie prakAra Aga ko rAkha se Dhaka diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra upazama meM anyathA aupazamika aura kSAyika dRSTiyoM kA koI artha hI nahIM raha karma-saMskAra yA vAsanA-saMskAra ko dabAte hue naitikatA ke mArga para jaaegaa| ata: vahA~ nirodha kA artha kSAyika dRSTi se hI karanA samucita Age bar3hA jAtA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI bhASA meM kaheM to yaha hai| prazna hotA hai ki kSAyika dRSTi se mana kA zuddhIkaraNa kaise kiyA damana (Repression) kA mArga hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vAsanA-saMskAra jAya? ko dabAkara Age bar3hane kA mArga damana kA mArga hai, lekina yaha manaHzuddhi uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM mana ke nigraha ke sambandha meM jo rUpaka prastuta kA vAstavika mArga nahIM hai, yaha to mAnasika gandagI ko DhakanA mAtra kiyA gayA hai usameM zramaNakezI gautama se pUchate haiM- Apa eka duSTa hai, chipAnA mAtra hai| jaina vicArakoM ne guNasthAna prakaraNa meM batAyA bhayAnaka azva para savAra haiM, jo bar3I tIvra gati se bhAgatA hai, vaha hai ki yaha vAsanAoM ko dabAkara Age bar3hane kI avasthA naitika vikAsa Apako unmArga kI ora na le jAkara sanmArga para kaise le jAtA hai? meM Age taka nahIM calatI hai| jaina vicAraNA yaha mAnatI hai ki aisA gautama ne isa lAkSaNika carcA ko spaSTa karate hue batAyA haisAdhaka padacyuta ho jAtA hai| jisa damana ko Adhunika manovijJAna "yaha mana hI sAhasika, duSTa evaM bhayaMkara azva hai, jo cAroM ora bhAgatA meM vyaktitva ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka mAnA gayA hai, vahI vicAraNA jaina hai| maiM usakA jAtivAna azva kI taraha zrutarUpI rassiyoM se bA~dhakara darzana meM maujUda thii| jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI damana ko vikAsa kA saccA samatva evaM dharma-zikSA se nigraha karatA huuN|"

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380 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 isa zloka ke prasaMga meM do zabda mahattvapUrNa haiM- samme tathA kI vRttiyA~ utpanna na hoN| vaha kiMcit bhI saMkalpa-vikalpa nahIM kare, dhmmsikkhaaye| dharma-zikSaNa dvArA mana ko nigraha karane kA artha damana kyoMki citta saMkalpoM se vyAkula hotA hai| sabhI citta-vikSobha nahIM hai varan unakA udAttIkaraNa hai| dharma-zikSaNa kA artha- mana ko saMkalpajanya hai| ata: saMkalpayukta citta meM sthiratA nahIM A sakatI sadpravRttiyoM meM saMlagna kara denA tAki vaha anartha mArga para jAe hI hai| vastuta: yahA~ AcArya kA mantavya yaha hai ki citta ko zAnta nhiiN| aise hI zruta rUpa rassI se bA~dhane kA artha hai- viveka evaM karane ke liye use saMkalpa se mukta karanA hogA aura isa hetu jJAtA, jJAna ke dvArA use ThIka ora calAnA (yaha samatva ke artha meM hai)| draSTA yA sAkSI banAnA hogaa| jaba citta yA mana draSTA, sAkSI aura apramatta samatva ke dvArA nigrahaNa kA artha bhI damana nahIM hai, varan manodazA hogA to svAbhAvika rUpa se vaha vAsanAoM evaM vikSobhoM se mukta ho ko samabhAva se yukta banAnA hai| mana kA samatva damana meM to sambhava jaaegaa| citta-vikSobha kevala pramattadazA meM raha sakatA hai, apramattadazA hI nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha to saMgharSa kI avasthA hai| jaba taka vAsanAoM meM nhiiN| yaha bAta Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI satya hai| jaba aura naitika Adarza kA saMgharSa hai taba taka samatva ho hI nahIM sktaa| mana svayaM apanI vRttiyoM kA draSTA banegA to vaha unakA kartA nahIM jaina sAdhanA paddhati to samatva (samabhAva) kI sAdhanA hai| vAsanAoM raha jAegA, kyoMki eka hI mana eka hI samaya meM draSTA aura kartA ke damana kA mArga to citta-kSobha utpanna karatA hai, ata: vaha use svIkArya donoM nahIM ho sktaa| jisa samaya vaha draSTAbhAva meM hogA usI samaya nahIM hai| jaina sAdhanA kA Adarza kSAyika sAdhanA hai jisameM vAsanA-damana usameM karttAbhAva nahIM raha sktaa| udAharaNa ke lie jaba hama krodha karate nahIM, varan vAsanAzUnyatA hI sAdhanA kA lakSya hai| gItA meM bhI mana haiM, usa samaya apanI krodha kI avasthA ko jAnate nahIM haiM aura jaba ke nigraha kA jo upAya batAyA gayA hai vaha hai- vairAgya aura abhyaas| apanI krodha kI avasthA ko jAnane kA prayAsa karate haiM to krodha zAnta vairAgya manovRttiyoM athavA vAsanAoM kA damana nahIM hai, apitu bhogoM hone lagatA hai| manovijJAna kA yaha niyama hai ki jaba viveka jAgrata ke prati eka anAsakta vRtti hai| taTastha vRtti yA udAsIna vRtti damana hogA to vAsanA kSINa hogI aura jaba vAsanA jAgrata hogI to viveka se bilakula bhinna hai, vaha to bhogoM ke prati rAga-bhAva kI anupasthiti kSINa hogaa| ataH sAdhanA meM AvazyakatA hotI hai viveka ko jAgrata hai| dUsarI ora abhyAsa zabda bhI damana kA samarthaka nahIM hai| yadi banAye rakhane kii| vAsanA-kSaya kA samyagmArga vAsanAoM kA damana nahIM, gItAkAra ko damana hI iSTa hotA to vaha abhyAsa kI bAta nahIM khtaa| apitu viveka ko jAgrata karanA hai| sAdhaka ko apanI zakti vAsanAoM damana meM abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki yadi damana se saMgharSa karane meM nahIM, apitu viveka ko jAgrata karane meM lagAnI hI karanA ho to phira abhyAsa kisaliye? abhyAsa hotA hai vilayana, caahie| vastuta: mana meM jaba viveka kA prakAza hotA hai to vAsanA pariSkAra yA udAttIkaraNa ke lie| vastuta: sAdhanA kA lakSya vAsanA usameM praveza nahIM kara pAtI, jaise- jaba ghara kA mAlika jAgatA hai yA caitasika AvegoM kA vilayana (samApti) hotA hai na ki unakA to cora ghara meM praveza nahIM karatA, vaise hI jaba mana apramatta yA jAgrata damana, kyoMki jaba taka damana hai taba taka cita-vikSobha hai| kintu sAdhanA rahatA hai to vAsanAe~ svayaM vilupta ho jAtI haiN| kA lakSya to samAdhi hai| samAdhi vAsanAoM ke damana se nahIM, apitu unake vilayana se phalita hotI hai|dmn meM vAsanA rahatI hai ata: usameM mana kI vibhinna avasthAyeM citta-vikSobha bhI rahatA hai| jabaki vilayana meM vAsanA hI samApta ho vAsanA se viveka kI ora, pramattatA se apramattatA kI orajAtI hai ata: vaha citta kI zAnta avasthA hai| yahI citta kI zAnta mana kI yaha yAtrA aneka sopAnoM se hotI hai| jaina, bauddha aura hindU evaM nirvikalpaka avasthA sampUrNa sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA lakSya hai| yahI paramparA meM isa sambandha meM samAnAntara rUpa se ina sopAnoM kA ullekha samAdhi hai, vItarAgatA hai| milatA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM mana kI cAra avasthAoM kA ullekha kiyA haivAsanAkSaya yA manojaya kA samyagmArga 1.vikSipta mana-yaha mana kI viSayAsakta aura saMkalpa-vikalpayukta cittavRttiyoM yA vAsanAoM kA vilayana (vAsanAzUnyatA) kaise ho? vikSubdha avasthA hai| ise pramattatA kI avasthA bhI kaha sakate haiN| isa sambandha meM AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM eka samucita mArga 2. yAtAyAta mana- mana isa avasthA meM kabhI bahirmukhI ho prastuta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki, "mana jina-jina viSayoM meM pravRtta viSaya kI ora daur3atA hai, to kabhI antarmukhI ho draSTA yA sAkSI banane hotA hai, unase use balAt rokanA nahIM cAhie, kyoki balAt rokane kA prayAsa karatA hai| sAdhanA kI prArambhika sthiti meM mana kI yaha avasthA se vaha usa ora adhika daur3ane lagatA hai aura na rokane se zAnta rahatI hai| yaha pramattApramatta avasthA hai| ho jAtA hai| jaise madonmatta hAthI ko rokA jAye to vaha aura adhika 3. zliSTa mana- yaha citta kI apramatta avasthA hai| yahA~ citta prerita hotA hai, agara use nahIM rokA jAye to vaha iSTa viSaya prApta nirviSaya to nahIM hotA, kintu usake viSaya zubha-bhAva hote haiN| yaha karake zAnta ho jAtA hai| yahI sthiti mana kI hai|" sAdhaka apane azubha manobhAvoM kI vilaya kI avasthA hai, ata: ise Anandamaya avasthA viSayoM ko grahaNa karate hue indriyoM ko na to roke aura na pravRtta kare, bhI kahA gayA hai| apitu itanA sajaga (apramatta) rahe ki unake kAraNa mana meM rAga-dveSa 4. sulIna mana- yahA~ cittavRttiyoM kA pUrNa vilayana ho jAtA

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hai aura citta zubha-azubha donoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai| yaha usakI zuddha jJAtA draSTA avasthA hai, ise paramAnanda yA samAdhi kI avasthA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA ke anurUpa bauddha aura hindU paramparAoM meM bhI manobhUmiyoM kA ullekha upalabdha hai| bauddha darzana meM jaina darzana ke samAna hI citta kI 1. kAmAvacara, 2. rUpAvacara 3 arUpAvacara aura 4. lokottara-- ina cAra avasthAoM kA ullekha hai jo ki kramazaH vikSipta, yAtAyAta, zliSTa aura sulIna ke samatulya hai| yoga darzana meM mana kI nimna pA~ca avasthAoM kA ullekha hai- 1. kSipta, 2. mUr3ha, 3. vikSipta, 4. ekAgra aura 5. niruddha isameM bhI yadi hama kSipta aura mUr3ha citta ko eka hI varga meM rakheM, to tulanAtmaka dRSTi se yahA~ bhI jaina darzana se samAnatA hI parilakSita hotI hai| jise nimna tAlikA se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai-- jaina darzana bauddha darzana vikSipta sandarbha 1. 2. yAtAyAta zliSTa ekAgra sulIna niruddha jaina darzana kA vikSipta mana, bauddha darzana kA kAmAvacara citta aura yoga darzana ke kSipta evaM mUr3ha citrA samAnArthaka haiM, kyoMki sabhI 3. lakhanaU, 1 4. vahI, varga 2 | 5. vahI, varga 43 / 6. vahI, varga 371 7. 8. 9. mana-zakti svarUpa aura sAdhanA eka vizleSaNa 381 ke anusAra isa avasthA meM citta meM vAsanAoM kI bahulatA tathA vikalatA rahatI hai| isI prakAra yAtAyAta mana, rUpAvacara cita aura vikSipta citta bhI samAnArthaka hI haiM, kyoMki sabhI ne ise citta kI alpakAlika, prayAsasAdhya sthiratA kI avasthA mAnA hai| yahA~ vAsanAoM kA vega tathA citta vikSobha to banA rahatA hai, kintu usameM kucha mandatA avazya A jAtI hai| tIsare stara para jaina darzana kA zliSTa mana, bauddha darzana kA arUpAvacara citta aura yoga-darzana kA ekAgracitta bhI samakakSa hai, kyoMki ise sabhI ne mana kI sthiratA aura apramattatA kI avasthA mAnA hai citta kI antima avasthA, jise jaina darzana meM sulIna mana, bauddha darzana meM lokottara citta aura yoga darzana meM niruddha citta kahA gayA hai, svarUpa kI dRSTi se samAna hI hai, kyoMki isameM 'sabhI ne vAsanA-saMskAra evaM saMkalpa-vikalpa kA pUrNa abhAva mAnA hai| kAmAvacara rUpAvacara arUpAvacara lokottara uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0 sAdhvI candanA, prakA0, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA 1972, 29/56 / yogazAstra (hemacandra), saMpA0, muni samadarzI, prakA0 zrI RSabhacandra jauharI, kizana lAla jaina, dillI 1963, 4/38 / dhammapada, anu0, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, prakA0 buddha vihAra citaM vartate cittaM cittameva vimucyate / " cittahi jAyate nAnyaccittameva nirudhyate / / 10. vahI, 6 / 27 19. vahI, 3/40 yoga darzana kSipta evaM mUr3ha vikSipta -- * laMkAvatArasUtra, saMpA0, zrI parazurAma zarmA, mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA 1963, 145 / brahmabindu upaniSad, aSTottara zatopaniSada, saMpA0, vAsudeva zarmA, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1932. 2 / gItA, saMpA0, svAmI prabhupAda, prakA0, bhaktivedAnta buka TrasTa, bambaI 1993, 3/40 / " 12 . vahI, 3 / 40 13. dekhiye - darzana aura cintana, paM0 sukhalAlajI, prakA0 gujarAta, vidyA sabhA, ahamadAbAda 1957, bhAga 1, pR0 140 tathA bhAga vastutaH sabhI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA carama lakSya mana kI usa vAsanAzUnya, nirvikAra, nirvicAra evaM apramattadazA ko prApta karanA hai, jise sabhI ne samAdhi ke sAmAnya nAma se abhihitaM kiyA hai| sAdhanA hai-- vAsanA se viveka kI ora, pramattatA se apramattA kI ora tathA citta-kSobha se citta-zAnti kI ora pragati / mana kA yaha svarUpa vizleSaNa hameM isa dizA meM nirdezita kara sakatA hai kintu prayAsa to svayaM hI karane hoNge| sAdhana kevala sva-prayAsoM se hI phalavatI hotI hai| 2, pR0 311 / 14. manazcaiva jaDaM manya- yogavAsiSTha, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI 1918, nirvANa prakaraNa, sarga 78/21 / 15 bhUmirApo'nalo vAyuH khaM mano buddhireva ca / 16. 17. ahaMkAra itIyaM me bhinnA prakRtiraSTadhA / - gItA, saMpA0, svAmI prabhupAda, prakA0, bhaktivedAnta buka TrasTa, bambaI 1993, 7/4 manaH dvividha: - dravyamanaH bhAvamanaH ca / rAdhAkRSNana - bhAratIya darzana, rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dillI 1966, bhAga 1 / 18. The Jaina's have given a modified parallelism with reference to psychic activity as determined by the Karmic matter -- They presented a sort of psycho-physical parallelism concerning individual mind & bodies yet they were not unaware of interaction between the mental and bodily activity -- Jiana's do not speak merely interms of pre-established harmony their theory transcends parallelism and postulates a more intimate connection between body and mind their motion of the structure of the mind and functional aspects of the mind shows that they were aware of the significance of interaction. Jaina theory was an attempt at the integration of metaphysical dichotomy of Jiva and Ajiva and the establishment of the interaction of individual mind and body. -- Some Problems of Jaina Psychology, University of Karntaka, Dharwar, 1961, Page 29. .

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382 19. vizada tulanAtmaka vivecanA ke liye dekhiye- darzana aura cintana, paM0 sukhalAlajI, prakA0, gujarAta vidyA sabhA ahamadAbAda, 1957, bhAga 1, pR0 134-135 / 20. vizada vivecanA ke lie dekhie - vizuddhimaggo, anu0 bhikSudharmarakSita, prakA0, mahAbodhi sabhA, banArasa 1956-57, bhAga 2, pR0 103 - 128 ( hindI anuvaad)| 21. gItA, saMpA0, svAmI prabhupAda, prakA0, bhakti vedAnta buka TrasTa, bambaI 1993, 15/9 / 22. sadde ruve ya gandhe ya, rase phAse taheva y| jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 paMcavihe kAmaguNe, nicdaso parivajjae / / -uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0, sAdhvI candanA, prakA0, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA 1972, 16 / 10 / 23. jANato parasaMto IhApuvvaM Na hoI kevaliNo / kevaliNANI tamhA teNa du so'bandhago bhnnido|| pariNAmapuvvavayaNaM jIvassa ya baMdhakAraNaM hoii| pariNAmarahiyavayaNaM tamhA gANIssa Na hi bandho IhApukhvaM vayaNaM jIvassa va baMdhakAraNaM hoii| IhArahayaM vayaNaM tamhA NANIssa Na hi bandho / / ThANaNisejjavihArA IhApuvvaM Na hoI kevaliNo / tamhA Na hoI bandho sAkaDaM mohasaNIyassa / / niyamasAra, anu0, paM0 parameSThIdAsa nyAyatIrtha, prakA0 satsAhitya prakAzana evaM pracAra vibhAga, zrI kundakunda mahAna digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa jayapura 1988 I0, 171, 172, 173, 174 / TippaNI-- IhA zabda vimarzAtmaka saMkalpa kI apekSA vimarzarahita " vAsanA" ke adhika nikaTa hai| 24. gaNadharavAda, prakA0, bhairoMdAna jeThamala seThiyA, bIkAnera vI0saM0, 2458, vAyubhUti se carcA | 25. parAMci khAni vyatRNatsvayaMbhU stasmAtparApazcati nAntarAtman kaTha 0 2/1/1 / 26. savve suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA -- AcArAMgasUtra, saMpA0, madhukaramuni, prakA0, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 1980, 1/2/2 / 27. indriya mnonukuulaayaamprvRtto| - abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, zrI vijayarAjendrasUri, ratalAma, khaNDa 2, pR0 575 / 28. lAbhasyArthasyAbhilASAtireke-- vahI, pR0 575 29. rAgassa heuM samaNunnamAhu dosassaM heuM amaNunnamAhu-- uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0, sAdhvI candanA, prakA0, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA 1972, 32/23 / tulanA kIjiye: rAga kI utpatti ke do hetu haiM - 1. zubha (anukUla) karake dekhanA, 2. anucita vicAra / dveSa kI utpati ke do hetu haiM - 1. pratikUla karake dekhanA tathA 2. anucita vicAra / aMguttara nikAya, anu0, bhadanta Ananda ko satyAyana, prakA0, mahAbodhi sabhA, kalakattA dUsarA nipAta 11/6-71 30. tao se jAyaMti paoyaNAI, nimajjiDaM mohamahaNNavammi / suhesiNo dukkhaviNoyaNA, tappaccayaM ujjamae ya rAgI / / kohaM ca mANaM ca taheva mAyaM, lohaM duguMchaM araI raI ca / hAsaM bhaMya sogapumitthiveyaM, napuMsaveyaM vivihe ya bhAve / / AvajjaI eyamaNegarUve evaMvihe kAmaguNesu satto / atre ya eyapyabhave visese kAruNNadINe hirime vahasse || 31. dhyAyato viSayAnpuMsaH saMgasteSUpajAyate / -- uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0, sAdhvI candanA, prakA0, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA 1972, 32/105, 102, 103 / 32. rAgo yA doso vi ya kampanI kampaM ca mohappabhavaM vyti| 34. 35. saMgAtsaMjAyate kAmaH kAmAtkrodhA'bhijAyate / / krodhAd bhavati saMmohaH saMmohAtsmRtivibhramaH / smRtibhraMzAd buddhinAzo buddhinAzAtpraNazyati / / - gItA, saMpA0, svAmI prabhupAda, prakA0, bhakti vedAnta TrasTa, bambaI 1993, 2/62-63 / 33. icchA-dveSa samutthena indamohena bhArata / sarvabhUtAni sammohaM sarge yAnti parantapa / / - gItA, saMpA0, svAmI prabhupAda, prakA0 bhakti vedAnta buka TrasTa, bambaI 1993, 7/27/ 37. 38. kammaM ca jAimaraNassa mUlaM dukkhaM ca jAImaraNaM vayaMti / / - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0, sAdhvI candanA, prakA0, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA 1972, 32/7/ saMyuttanikAya, nandana varga, pR0 12 vinendriyajayaM naiva kaSAyAn jetumIzvaraH yogazAstra, saMpA0, muni samadarzI, prakA0 zrI RSabhacanda jauharI kizana lAla jaina, dillI 1963, 4/24 / 36. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0, sAdhvI candanA, prakA0, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 197232/23 / vahI, 32/24 vahI, 32 / 27 39. vahI, 32 / 28 40. vahI, 32 / 32 49. vahI, 32 / 36 42. vahI, 32 / 37 43. vahI, 32/40 44. vahI, 32/41 45. vahI, 32/43 46. vahI, 32 / 49 47. vahI, 32/50 48. vahI, 32/53 49. vahI, 32/54 50. vahI, 32 / 62 51. vahI, 32/63 .

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mana-zakti, svarUpa aura sAdhanA : eka vizleSaNa 383 52. vahI, 32/71 53. vahI, 32/72 54. vahI, 32/75 55. vahI, 32/76 56. vahI, 32/79 57. vahI, 32/80 58. vahI, 32/84 59. yogazAstra (hemacandra) saMpA0, muni samadarzI, prakA0, zrI RSabhacanda jauharI kizana lAla jaina, dillI 1963, 4/28-33 / 60. gItA, saMpA0, svAmI prabhupAda, prakA0, bhakti vedAnta buka TrasTa, bambaI 1993, 2/60-67, 3/41 / 61. dhammapada, anu0, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, prakA0, buddha bihAra, lakhanaU 1/7-8 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0, sAdhvI candanA, prakA0, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972, 32/100 / 63. vahI, 32/101 / 64. gItA, 3/43 65. gItA, 3/6 66. gItA, 2/59 67. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/109 68. gItA, saMpA0, svAmI prabhupAda, prakA0, bhaktivedAnta buka TrasTa, bambaI 1993, 2/64 / 69. maNo sAhasio bhImo duTThaso pridhaavii| -uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0, sAdhvI candanA, prakA0, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA 1972, 23/58 70. saMrambha-samArambhe Arambhe ya taheva y| maNaM pavattamANAM tu niyattijja jayaM jii|| ---uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0, sAdhvI candanA, prakA0, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA 1972, 24/11 71. gItA, saMpA0, svAmI prabhupAda, prakA0, bhaktivedAnta buka TrasTa, bambaI 1993, 6/34 / 72. vahI, 6/35 / 73. mana:saMyamya maccitto yukta AsIta matparaH |-vhii, 6/14 / 74. dhammapada, (cittavarga), anu0, rAhulasAMkRtyAyana, buddha vihAra, lakhanaU, 33-35 / 75. yogazAstra (hemacandra), 36-39 / 76. prakRtiM yAnti bhUtAni nigrahaH kiM krissyti| -gItA, saMpA0, svAmI prabhupAda, prakA0, bhaktivedAnta buka TrasTa, bambaI, 1993, 3/33 / 77. sarvAvasyA evaM rAjarSi! bhuutjaatairjgttrye| devAdevArapi dehojJayaM dvayAtmaiva svbhaavtH| ajJamasvatha tajjJa vA yAvatsvAntaM shriirkrm|| -yogavAsiSTha, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1918,105/109 / 78. tathA tathA pravarteta yathA na kSubhyate mnH| saMkSubdhe cittaratne tu siddhirnaiva kdaacn|| prajJopAyavinizcaya,5/40 (uddhRta bodhicaryAvatAra, bhuumikaa),pR020| 79. bodhicaryAvatAra, bhUmikA, pR0 20 / 80. vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye dekhiye-gunnsthaanaarohnn| 81. yogazAstra, saMpA0, muni samadarzI, prakA0, zrI RSabhacandra jauharI, kizanalAla jaina, dillI 1963, 12/33-36 /