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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM nArI IsA ke lagabhaga pA~ca sadI pUrva samAja kI pracalita sabhI dUSita mAnyatAoM ko ahiMsA ke mAdhyama se badala dene vAle mahAvIra varddhamAna the| unake saMgha meM eka ora harikezI aura maitArya jaise zudra the to dUsarI ora mahArAjA ajAtazatru va vaizAlIpati rAjA ceTaka jaise samrATa bhI the| vinamra parantu sazakta zabdoM meM mahAvIra ne ghoSaNA kI ki samasta virAT vizva meM sacarAcara samasta prANI varga meM eka zAzvata svabhAva hai-jIvana kI aakaaNkssaa| isaliye "mA haNo' / na kaSTa hI pahuMcAo, na kisI atyAcArI ko protsAhana hI do / ahiMsA ke isa virATa svarUpa kA pratipAdana karane kA hI yaha pariNAma hai ki Aja bha0 mahAvIra, ahiMsA, jaina dharma, tInoM zabda eka dUsare ke paryAya bana cuke haiN| krAntikArI kadama yuga-puruSa bha0 mahAvIra jinhoMne manuSya kA bhAgya Izvara ke hAthoM meM na dekara manuSya mAtra ko bhAgya-nirmAtA banane kA svapna diyA, jinhoMne zAstroM, karmakANDoM aura jana samudAya kI mAnyatAe~ hI badala dI, una mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM mAnava jagat ke ardhabhAga nArI kA kyA sthAna hai ? yadi usa samaya ke sAmAjika pariveza meM dekhA jAye to yaha dRSTigocara hotA hai ki jina paristhitiyoM meM mahAvIra kA AvirbhAva huA, vaha samaya nArI ke mahApatana kA samaya thaa| 'asvatantratA strI puruSa-pradhAnA" tathA "striyAM vezyAstathA zUdrAH yepi syuH pApayonayaH" jaise vacanoM kI samAja meM mAnyatA thii| aise samaya mahAvIra dvArA nArI kA khoyA sammAna dilAnA eka krAMtikArI kadama thA / jahA~ strI varga meM isa parivartana kA svAgata huA hogA, vahA~ sambhavataH puruSa varga vizeSakara tathAkathita ucca varga ko ye parivartana sahana na hue hoNge| nArI ko khoyA sammAna milA bacapana se nirvANa prApti taka kA bha0 mahAvIra kA jIvana-caritra eka khulI pustaka ke samAna hai / unake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM aura vicArotejaka vacanoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to usake pIche chipI ekamAtra bhAvanA, nArI ko usakA khoyA sammAna dilAne kA satat prayatna, kA anumAna sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai / vimalA mehatA (cintanazIla lekhikA, sAmAjika kAryakartI) ( 162 )
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________________ khaNDa 5 : nArI-tyAga, tapasyA, sevA kI surasari jainoM kI digambara paramparA ke anusAra ve brahmacArI va avivAhita rhe| zvetAmbara paramparA kI zAkhA ke anusAra ve bhogoM ke prati Asakta nahIM hue| aitihAsika tathyoM va jaina AgamoM ke anusAra samaravIra nAmaka mahAsAmanta kI suputrI va tatkAlIna samaya kI sarvazreSTha sundarI yazodA ke sAtha unakA vivAha huA aura priyadarzanA nAmaka eka kanyA utpanna huii| to bha0 mahAvIra ne nArI ko patnI ke rUpa meM jaanaa| bahana sudarzanA ke rUpa meM bahana kA sneha pAyA aura mAtA trizalA kA apAra vAtsalya kA sukha dekhaa| aTThAisa varSa kI umra meM bhrAtA se dIkSA kI anumati mA~gI, anumati na milane para vahana, patnI va abodha putrI kI mUka bhAvanAoM kA Adara kara ve gRhasthI meM hI rhe| do varSa taka yoM yogI kI bhA~ti nirlipta jIvana jIte dekha patnI ko anumati denI pdd'ii| mahAvIra va buddha mahAvIra va buddha meM yahA~ asamAnatA hai| mahAvIra apane vairAgya ko patnI, mA~, bahana va putrI para thopa kara cupacApa gRha-tyAga nahIM kara gaye / gautama buddha to apanI patnI yazodharA va putra rAhula ko AdhI rAta ke samaya soyA huA chor3akara cale gaye the| sambhavataH ve patnI va putra ke A~suoM kA sAmanA karane meM asamartha rahe hoN| para buddha ne mana meM yaha nahIM vicAra kiyA ki prAtaH nIMda khulate hI patnI va putra kI kyA dazA hogI? isake viparIta mahAvIra do varSa taka sabake bIca rhe| parivAra kI anumati se mArgazIrSa kRSNA dazamI ko ve dIkSita ho gye| dIkSA lene ke uparAnta mahAvIra ne nArI jAti ko mAta jAti ke nAma se sambodhita kiyaa| usa samaya kI pracalita lokabhASA ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM unhoMne kahA ki puruSa ke samAna nArI ko dhArmika va sAmAjika kSetra meM samAna adhikAra prApta hone caahiye| unhoMne batAyA ki nArI apane asIma mAtR-prema se puruSa ko preraNA evaM zakti pradAna kara samAja kA sarvAdhika hita sAdhana kara sakatI hai| vikAsa kI pUrNa svarantratA unhoMne samajhAyA ki puruSa va nArI kI AtmA eka hai| ataH puruSoM kI taraha striyoM ko bhI vikAsa ke lie pUrNa svatantratA milanI hI cAhiye / puruSa va nArI kI AtmA meM bhinnatA kA koI pramANa nahIM miltaa| ataH nArI ko puruSa se heya samajhanA ajJAna, adharma va atArkika hai| gRhasthAzrama meM rahate hue bhI svecchA se brahmacarya pAlana karane vAle pati-patnI ke lie mahAvIra ne utkRSTa vidhAna rkhaa| mahAvIra ne kahA ki aise dampatti ko pRthak zaiyyA para hI nahIM apitu pRthaka zayana-kakSa meM zayana karanA caahiye| kintu jaba patno pati ke sanmukha jAve taba pati ko madhura evaM AdarapUrNa zabdoM meM svAgata karate hue use baiThane ko bhadrAsana pradAna karanA cAhiye / kyoMki jainAgamoM meM patnI ko "dhammasahAyA" arthAt dharma kI sahAyikA mAnA gayA hai| __vAsanA, vikAra aura karmajAla ko kATa kara mokSa-prApti ke donoM hI samAna bhAva se adhikArI haiN| isI prakAra samavasaraNa, upadeza, sabhA, dhArmika paryoM meM nAriyA~ nissaMkoca bhAga leNgii| madhya sabhA ke khule rUpa meM prazna pUchakara apane saMzayoM kA samAdhAna kara sakatI haiN| aise avasaroM para unheM apamAnita 8 tiraskRta nahIM kiyA jaayegaa| dAsI prathA kA virodha unhoMne dAsI-prathA, striyoM kA vyApAra aura kraya-vikraya rokaa| mahAvIra ne apane bAlyakAla
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________________ 164 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM nArI : vimalA mehatA meM kaI prakAra kI dAsiyoM jaise dhAya, krItadAsI, kuladAsI, jJAtidAsI Adi kI sevA prApta kI thI va unake jIvana se bhI paricita the| isa prathA kA pracalana na kevala suvidhA kI khAtira thA, balki dAsiyA~ rakhanA vaibhava va pratiSThA kI nizAnI samajhA jAtA thaa| jaba meghakumAra kI sevA-suzrUSA ke lie nAnA dezoM se dAsiyoM kA kraya-vikraya huA to mahAvIra ne khulakara virodha kiyA aura dharma-sabhAoM meM isake viruddha AvAja bulanda kii| bauddha AgamoM ke anusAra AmrapAlI vaizAlI gaNarAjya kI pradhAna nagaravadhU thii| rAjagRha ke naigama nareza ne bhI sAlavatI nAma kI sundarI kanyA ko gaNikA rkhaa| isakA janatA para kuprabhAva par3A aura sAmAnya janatA kI pravRtti isI ora jhuka gii| phalasvarUpa gaNikAe~ eka ora to panapane lagIM, dUsarI ora nArI varga nindanIya hotA gyaa| bhikSuNI kA Adara jaba mahAvIra ne bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kI to usameM rAjagharAne kI mahilAoM ke sAtha dAsiyoM va gaNikAoM-vezyAoM ko bhI pUre sammAna ke sAtha dIkSA dene kA vidhAna rkhaa| dUsare zabdoM meM mahAtIra ke jIvana-kAla meM jo strI gaNikA, vezyA, dAsI ke rUpa meM puruSa varga dvArA heya dRSTi se dekhI jAtI thI, bhikSaNI saMgha meM dIkSita ho jAne ke pazcAt vaha strI samAja kI dRSTi meM vandanIya ho jAtI thI..." / nArI ke prati puruSa kA yaha vicAra parivartana yuga-puruSa mahAvIra kI dena hai| bhagavAna buddha ne bhI bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kI thI, parantu svayameya nahIM Ananda ke Agraha se aura gautamI para anugraha karake / para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samaya kI mA~ga samajha kara paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ko badalane ke Thosa uddezya se saMgha kI sthApanA kii| jaina zAsana-sattA kI bAgaDora bhikSa-bhikSa NI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA isa caturvidha rUpa meM vikendrita kara tathA pUrvavartI paramparA ko vyavasthita kara mahAvIra ne duharA kArya kiyaa| ___ isa saMgha meM kula caudaha hajAra bhikSu, tathA chattIsa hajAra bhikSuNiyA~ thiiN| eka lAkha unasaTha hajAra zrAvaka aura tIna lAkha aThAraha hajAra zrAvikAe~ thIM / bhikSu saMgha kA netRtva indrabhUti ke hAthoM meM thA to bhikSa NI saMgha kA netRtva rAjakumArI candanabAlA ke hAtha meM thaa| puruSa kI apekSA nArI sadasyoM kI saMkhyA adhika honA isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki mahAvIra ne nArI jAgRti kI dizA meM satat prayAsa hI nahIM kiyA, usameM unheM saphalatA bhI milI thii| candanabAlA, kAlI, sukAlI, mahAkAlI, kRSNA, mahAkRSNA Adi kSatrANiyA~ thIM to devAnandA Adi brAhmaNa kanyAe~ bhI saMgha meM praviSTa huiiN| "bhagavatI-sUtra" ke anusAra jayantI nAmaka rAjakumArI ne mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara gambhIra tAttvika evaM dhArmika carcA kI thii| strI jAti ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pravacanoM meM kitanA mahAn AkarSaNa thA, yaha nirNaya bhikSuNI va zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA se kiyA jA sakatA hai / nArI jAmaraNa : vividha AyAma gRhasthAzrama meM bhI patnI kA sammAna hone lagA tathA zIlavatI patnI ke hita kA dhyAna rakhakara kArya karane vAle puruSa ko mahAvIra ne satpuruSa btaayaa| sappuriso...""puttadArassa atthAe hitAya sukhAya hoti......."vidhavAoM kI sthiti meM sudhAra huA / phalasvarUpa vidhavA hone para bAloM kA kATanA Avazyaka
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________________ nahIM rhaa| vidhavAe~ raMgIna vastra bhI pahanane lagIM jo pahale varjita the| mahAvIra kI samakAlIna thAvaccA sArthavAhI nAmaka strI ne mRta pati kA sArA dhana le liyA thA jo usa samaya ke pracalita niyamoM ke viruddha thaa| "tatthaNaM bAravaIe thAvaccA nAma gAhAvaiNI parivasaI aDDhA jaav"....| mahAvIra ke samaya meM satI prathA bahuta kama ho gaI thii| jo chuTapuTa ghaTanAe~ hotI thIM ve jIva hiMsA ke virodhI mahAvIra ke prayatnoM se samApta ho giiN| yaha satya hai ki sadiyoM pazcAt ve phira Arambha ho gyiiN| buddha ke anusAra strI samyak sambuddha nahIM ho sakatI thI, kintu mahAvIra ke anusAra mAtRjAti tIrthakara bhI bana sakatI thii| mallI ne strI hote hue bhI tIrthaMkara kI padavI prApta kI thii| mahAvIra kI nArI ke prati udAra dRSTi ke kAraNa parivrAjikA ko pUrNa sammAna milane lgaa| rAjya evaM samAja kA sabase pUjya vyakti bhI apanA kAma chor3akara unheM namana karatA va sammAna pradarzita karatA thaa| "nAyadhammakahA" Agama meM kahA hai : ___ tae NaM se jiyasattu cokkhaM parivvAiyaM ejjamANaM pAsai sIhAsaNAo abbhuDheI......"sakkAreI AsaNeNaM uvanimanteI / isI prakAra bauddha-yuga kI apekSA mahAvIra yuga meM bhikSa NI saMgha adhika surakSita thaa| mahAvIra ne bhikSa NI saMdha kI rakSA kI ora samAja kI dhyAna AkarSita kiyaa| ___ yaha sAmayika va atyanta mahatvapUrNa hogA ki mahAvIra svAmI ke una pravacanoM kA vizeSa rUpa se smaraNa kiyA jAye jo paccIsa sadI pahale nArI ko puruSa ke samakakSa khar3A karane ke prayAsa meM unake mukha se uccarita hue the| 00 sajjana vANI: 1. jo vyakti dhArmikatA, aura naitikatA tathA maryAdAoM kA parityAga kara detA hai, vaha manuSya kahalAne kA adhikAra kho detA hai / 2. dharma se hI vyaktigata jIvana meM anuzAsana, sAmAjika jIvana meM samA natA, sevA aura zraddhA kA suyoga milatA hai jisase vyAvahArika jIvana 3. svabhAva kI namRtA se jo pratiSThA prApta hotI hai, vaha sattA aura dhana 4. jinhoMne mana, vacana kAyA se ahiMsA brata kA AcaraNa kiyA hai unake Asa-pAsa kA vAtAvaraNa atyanta pavitra bana jAtA hai / aura pazU bhI apanA vaira bhAva bhUla jAte haiN| -pU0 pra0 sajjanazrI jI ma0 Ting Ting