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________________ mAnava samAja ke vikAsa meM strI va puruSa donoM ko samAna sthAna prApta hai| strI aura puruSa donoM hone se eka ghaTaka ko adhika mahatva diyA jAtA hai to samAja sarvAgINa unnatI nahIM kara sktaa| isalie samAja kI nirmitI ba mAnava kA vikAsa aura sAmAjika pragati ke lie nArI puruSa ke sAtha barAbara kAma karatI rahI hai| prAcIna kAla meM RSabhanAtha tIrthakara ne boyA thaa| unhoMne gRhasthAvasthA meM brAmhI aura sundarI ina donoM kanyAoM ko akSaravidyA aura adhyAtmavidyA pradAna kI thii| itanA hI nahIM bha. vRSabhanAtha se una donoM ne AyikAbrata kI dIkSA lI thI / caturvidha saMgha ke AryikA saMgha gaNinI (pramukha) AryikA vrAmhI hI thii| dIkSA grahaNa karane kA adhikAra striyoM ko usa kAla meM prApta honA yaha AdhyAtmika jagata meM krAnti hI thii| yaha paramparA Aja bhI akSuNNa rUpa meM calI A rahI hai| anya kisI bhI dharma kI apekSA jaina dharma meM nArI ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| isI dharma ne purAne mUlyoM ko badala kara usake sthAna para pariSkRta mUlyoM kI sthApanA kI hai| jaina dharma kI dRSTI se nara aura nArI donoM samAna hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pratyeka jIva kI svataMtratA svIkAra kI hai| isalie brata dhAraNa karane kA jitanA adhikAra zrAvaka ko diyA gayA hai, utanA hI adhikAra zrAvikA kA batAyA hai| jaina zAstroM meM nArI jAti ko gRhastha jIvana meM dhammasahAyA (dharma sahAyikA) dharma-sahacAriNI, deva gurujanasaMkAzA ityAdi zabdoM meM jagaha jagaha prazaMsita kiyA hai| nArI ko samAja meM sammAnIya aura AdaraNIya mAnA gayA hai| rAjA agrasena kI kanyA rAjulamatI neminAtha ke dIkSA grahaNa karate hI ayikA kI dIkSA grahaNa kara AtmakalyANa kI aura agrasara haI / vaizAlI bhagavAn mahAvIra aura nArI-mukti padmazrI paM. sumatIbAI zahA ke ceTaka rAjA kI kanyA candrAsanI ne AjIvana brahmacarya brata svIkAra kara bhagavAna mahAvIra se dIkSA lii| satI candanavAlA ne vaivAhika baMdhana meM na baMdhakara bhagavAna mahAvIra se AyikA kI dIkSA lI aura sAdhviyoM kI pramukha mahilAoM ko sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika kSetra meM die hue samAna adhikAra kA bIja jaina dharma ke atyanta 26
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________________ bniiN| isa prakAra jaba anya dharma manISiyoM ne strIyoM bhagavAna jinendra kA nAma smaraNa karate usane ihaloka ko puruSoM kA anuvati mAnA usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kI yAtrA samApta kii| ne striyoM kI svataMtratA aura unake samAna adhikAra kI ghoSaNA kii| Aja bhI bhArata meM hajAroM sAdhviyA~ vijaya nagara kI saradAra caMpA kI kanyA rAnI AyikA kA kaThina brata dhAraNa kara AtmakalyANa ke bhairavadevI ne rAjya naSTa hone ke bAda apanA svataMtra rAjya sAtha-sAtha mahilAoM meM Atmika jAgRtI kA kArya kara sthApita kiyA thA aura vahA~ mAtRsattAka paddhati se kaI barasoM taka rAjya calAyA thaa| nAlajakoMDa dezake adhi kArI nAgArjana kI matyu ke bAda kadaMbarAja ne unakI sAmAjika kArya aura jaina nArI :--jaina devI vIrAMganA jakkamava ke kaMdho para rAjyakArya bhAra zAstroM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke kI jimmedArI rakhI / Alezo meM ise 'yuddha-zakti muktA samaya meM aura usake pUrva mahilAoM ko Ajanma avi- aura 'jineMdra zAsana bhaktA' kahA gayA hai| apane aMta bAhita rahakara samAjasevA aura AtmakalyANa karane kI kAla taka usane rAjya kArya bhAra kI jimmedArI anujJA thii| AdipurANa parva 18 zloka 76 ke anusAra sNbhaalii| isa kAla meM puruSoM ke sAtha hI kanyAoM para bhI vividha saMskAra kiye jAte the| rAjya parivAra se saMbaMdhita gaMga rAjavaMza kI aneka nAriyoM ne rAjyakArya bhAra mahilAoM ko vizeSAdhikAra prApta the| kanyA pitA kI ___ kI jimmedArI saMbhAlakara aneka jina maMdira va tAlAba saMpatti meM se dAna bhI kara sakatI thii| udAharaNa ke bnaae| campalA rAnI kA nAma jina maMdira nirmitI lie sulocanA ne apanI kaumAryAvasthA meM ratnamayI jina aura jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA ke lie adhika prasiddha pratimA kI nirmitI kI thI aura una pratimAoM hai| usI prakAra zravaNa bela gola zilA lekha kra. 496 ko pratiSThA karane ke lie bar3e DhaMga se prajIbhiSeka se patA calatA hai ki Nikkamabve zubhacandra deva kI ziSyA vidhi kA bhI Ayojana kiyA thaa| thii| yogyatA aura kuzalatA se rAjyakAryabhAra karane ke sAtha hI dharma pracAra ke lie inhoMne aneka jaina ___kucha jaina mahilAeM rAjya vyavahAra meM pUrNa nipuNa pratimAoM kI sthApanA kI thii| thI sAtha meM unhoMne rAjya kI rakSA ke lie yuddha meM pratyakSa bhAga liyA thaa| isake lie aneka aitihAsika jaina nAriyoM ke dvArA zilpa va maMdiroM kA nirmANa udAharaNa die jA sakate hai| paMjiri deza ke prasiddha kiyA gyaa| isakA ullekha zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| savidha rAjA kI kanyA ardhAMginI ne khAravela rAjA ke kaliMgapati rAjA khAravela kI rAnI ne kumArI parvata para viruddha kiye gaye AkramaNa meM use sahayoga diyA thaa| jaina guphAoM kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| sore kI rAjA kI itanA hI nahIM usane isa yuddha ke lie mahilAoM kI patnI ne apane pati kA roga haTAne ke lie eka maMdira svataMtra senA bhI khar3I kI thii| yuddha meM rAjA khAravela va tAlAba kA nirmANa kiyA thA / yaha maMdira Aja bhI ke vijaya pAne para khAravela rAjA ke sAtha usakA 'muktakanere' nAma se prasiddha hai| Ahavamalla kI rAjA ke vivAha huA thaa| gaMga gharAne ke saradAra nAma kI lar3akI senApati mallama kI kanyA 'aMtimababve' dAnazara va aura rAjA vikhara loka vidyAdhara kI patnI sAmimabane jaina dharma para zraddhA rakhane vAlI thii| usane cA~dI aura yata kI sabhI kalAoM meM pAraMgata thii| sAmimabane ke sone kI aneka jaina pratimAoM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| marmasthala para bANa lagane se use mUrchA A gaI aura usane lAkhoM rupayoM kA dAna diyA thaa| use aneka
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________________ grathoM meM 'dAnacitAmaNI' padavI se vibhUSita kiyA gayA paristhitI meM jaina nAriyoM ne jo mahatvapUrNa kArya kie hai| viSNUvardhana rAjA kI rAnI zAMtala devI ne man unakA mUlya bar3ha jAtA hai| unheM jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra 1123 meM zravaNabelagola meM bhagavAna jinendra kI meM pragati karane ke avasara prApta honA yaha bhagavAna vizAlakAya pratimA sthApita kI thii| san 1131 meM mahAvIra ke dvArA strI mukti kI ghoSaNA ke kAraNa hI sallekhanA vrata kA pAlana kara zarIra-tyAga kiyA thaa| saMbhava ho sakA, yadi aisA kahA jAe to atizayokti nahIM hogii| jisa yuga meM striyA~ veda yA dhArmika sAdhvI sAhitya kSetra meM kArya :-aneka jaina nAriyo veza dhAraNa karake mukti-mArga para nahIM cala sakatI ne lekhikA aura kaviyitrI ke rUpa meM sAhitya jagata meM thii| use sAmAnya krAnti hI kahI jA sakatI hai| svaprasiddhi prApta kI hai| sana 1566 meM kaviyitrI 'raNamati' nabha aura tantratA aura samAnatA prApta karane ke lie saikar3oM varSa ne 'yazodhara kAvya' nAmakA kAvya likhA / AyikA striyoM ko saMgharSa karanA par3A hai| parantu jaina dharma ke ratnamatI kI 'samakitarAsa' yaha hindI-gujarAtI mizrita manISiyoM ne bahata pahane hI strI-svAtaMtrya kI ghoSaNA kAvya-racanA upalabdha hai| mahAkaviyitrI ratna ne apanI kara dI thii| yaha jaina dharma kA strI-puruSa ko alaga na kA amarakRti ajitanAtha purANa kI racanA dAna citAmaNI mAnane kA daSTikoNa arthAta donoM ko pratyeka kSetra meM atimabbe ke sahakArya se hI I.sa.993 meM pUrNa kI thii| kArya karane ke avasara pradAna karanA vizeSa ullekhanIya zvetAmbara sAhitya meM cAradatta-caritra likhane vAlI padmazrI, kanakAvatI-AkhyAna likhane vAlI hemazrI mahilAe~ prasiddha hai / anulakSmI, avantI, sundarI, mAdhavI isa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM jaina mahilAeM pratyeka Adi viduSiyA~ prAkRta bhASA meM likhane vAlI prasiddha kSetra meM agrasara thii| parantu madhya yuga meM videzI AkrakaviyitrIyA~ hai| unakI racanAe~ prema, saMgIta, AnaMda, maNoM ke kAraNa striyoM ko surakSita rakhane ke nAma vyathA, AzA-nirAzA / jinendra bhakti Adi gaNoM se para samAja ne striyoM para aneka bandhana lagAe / isakA yukta hai| prabhAva jaina mahilAoM para bhI pdd'aa| parantu bhagavAna mahAvIra ko strI-mukti kI ghoSaNA ke kAraNaM aisI isake alAvA natya, gAyana, citrakalA, zilpakalA paristhitiyoM meM bhI aneka jaina mahilAoM ne kArya kie Adi kSetroM meM jaina mahilAoM ne asAmAnya pragati kI hai| isakA ullekha Upara A cUkA hai| phira bhI unakI hai / prAcIna aitihAsika kAla meM jaina nArI ne jIvana ke svatantratA aura svavikAsa meM bAdhA avazya aaii| sabhI kSetroM meM apanA sahayoga diyA hai| samAja use isI kAraNa zikSA, dharma-saMskAra tatvajJAna Adi meM nArI sammAna kI daSTI se dekhatA thaa| samAja ne nArI ko bahuta pIche rhii| eka bAra lage hae bandhana AjAdI usakI pragati ke lie saba suvidhAe~ dI thii| gRhastha milane para bhI TUTa na sake / dharma pAlana karate hue usakI pragati apane putra-putriyoM ko susaMskArita karanA, rAjakArya, samAjakArya, dhArmika Aja phira se sAre jagata meM nArI jAgRti kI lahara kArya meM sakriya sahayoga denA vaha apanA kartavya samajhatI AI hai| mahilA-varSa kA Ayojana isI jAgratikA thiiN| paricAyaka hai| isakA prabhAva jaina mahilAoM para bhI par3A hai / isa vaijJAnika yuga meM jaina mahilAoM ne aneka isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra yA unake pUrva kI kSetroM meM mahatvapUrNa kArya kie haiN| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke sAmAjika paristhiti yadi dekhI jAe~ to usa pratikUla mAdhyama se zrImatI ramA jaina ne sAhitya aura dhArmika 41
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________________ kSetra meM jo kArya kie haiM unheM kauna bhulA sakatA hai| sakSipta meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne DhAI hajAra varSa zrImatI kaMkUbAI ke dAtRtva aura netRtva ke kAraNa pahale jo nArI meM mukti kI ghoSaNA kI thI, vaha Aja aneka zaikSaNika saMsthAe~ aura aspatAla Aja samAja phira se nArI-samAja meM gajita ho rahI hai| hameM usa kI sevA kara rahe haiN| zrImatI kastUrabAI ke dvArA svara ko sunane kI AvazyakatA hai / abhI bhI azikSA, sthApita kasturabAI TrasTa ke dvArA Aja aneka saMsthAeM aMdhavizvAsa, daheja Adi kuprathAe~ nArI-vikAsa ke mArga kAryarata hai| solApura meM kSu. rAjulamatIbAI dvArA meM rukAvaTeM haiM inheM haTAnA hamArA kartavya hai| usI sthApita 'zrAvikA sasthA nagara' Aja zaikSaNika dhArmika prakAra nArI ko bhI apane atIta ke khoe hae gaurava ba sAmAjika kArya meM agrasara hai| candAbAI ke dvArA aura adhikAra ko pAne ke lie prayatnazIla honA jaina bAlAzrama ArA kI sthApanA jaina mahilAdarza kA cAhie / nArI-jAgaraNa ke lie hara suzikSita krAntisaMpAdana, akhila bhAratIya mahilA pariSada kI sthApanA kArI va pragatizIla vicAra kI nArI ko Age AnA Adi mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye gae hai| caahie| nArIyoM ne adhikAroM kI mAMga to karanI hI cAhie parantu pAzcAtya jagata ke prabhAva se phaizana Adi sAhitya nirmANa meM bhI aneka jaina mahilAe~ Aja ke rUpa meM jo naI kurItIyA~ striyoM meM A rahI haiM unheM mahatvapUrNa sthAna banA rahI hai| udAharaNa ke lie sAdhvI rokanA bhI jarUrI hai| nArI-krAnti kA artha kevala candanAdarzanAcArya ke dvArA aneka graMthoM kA lekhana aura bAhya veza-bhUSA yA ucchakhala vicAroM kI krAnti nahIM saMpAdana kiyA gayA hai| sau. surekhA zahA ke upanyAsa hai| pradhAna maMtrI zrImatI iMdirA gAMdhI ke zabdoM meM prasiddha mAsikoM meM prakAzita ho rahe hai| zrImatI 'mahilA-mukti' bhArata ke lie mauja kI bastu nahIM hai / kalaMtreakkA, zrImatI lekhavatI jaina (hariyANA vidhAna balki eka mahatvapUrNa AvazyakatA hai| tAki, rASTra sabhA adhyakSA) sau. lIlAvatI marcanTa, zrImatI iMdumatI bhautika, bauddhika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se adhika seTha, zrImatI omaprakAza jaina Adi mahilAe~ rAjanaitika saMtoSajanaka jIvana kI ora agrasara ho ske| kSetra meM agrasara rahI hai| itanA hI nahIM audyogika kSetra meM bhI ve kArya kara rahI hai|