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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthala eka punarvicAra jaina dharma meM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ko eka aitihAsika vyakti ke rUpa meM nirvivAda rUpa se mAnyatA prApta ho cukI hai| phira bhI durbhAgya kA viSaya yaha hai ki na kevala unake janma evaM nirvANa kAla ke sambandha meM apitu unake janmasthAna, kaivalyajJAnasthala aura nirvANasthala ko lekara bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI mAnyatAeM pracalita haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM ina mAnyatAoM ke poSaNa ke nimitta bhI paramparAoM ke ghere meM Abaddha hokara yena-kena-prakAreNa apane pakSoM ko siddha karane ke liye prayatna aura puruSArtha bhI kiyA jA rahA hai| vigata 50 varSoM meM ina saba samasyAoM ko lekara vibhinna pustikAe~ aura lekha Adi bhI likhe gaye haiM / yaha kaisA durbhAgya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna bhagavAna buddha ke janmasthala, nirvANasthala, jJAnaprAptisthala aura dharmacakrapravartanasthala ko lekara sampUrNa bauddha samAja ekamata hai aura una aitihAsika sthaloM ke vikAsa ke lie prANapana se juTA huA hai, jabaki jaina samAja Aja apane kSudra svArthoM athavA ahaMkAroM ke poSaNa ke liye isa sambandha meM mataikya nahIM banA skaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma sthala ko lekara vartamAna meM tIna mAnyatAeM pracalita haiM - (1) adhikAMza vidvajjana evaM itihAsavettA tathA kendrazAsana vaizAlI ke nikaTa kuNDagrAma ko unakA janma sthAna mAnate haiM / (2) digambara paramparA rAjagRha aura nAlandA ke nikaTavartI bar3agAMva yA tathAkathita kuNDalapura ko mahAvIra kA janmasthala mAnatI hai| (3) zvetAmbara paramparA bihAra meM jamuhI ke nikaTa lachavAr3a ko mahAvIra kA janma sthAna mAna rahI hai| isaprakAra mahAvIra ke janmasthala ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| durbhAgya yaha hai ki isa sambandha meM aitihAsika aura sampradAya nirapekSa dRSTi se vicAra karane kA koI prayatna hI nahIM kiyA gyaa| yadyapi isa sambandha meM vidvat varga evaM itihAsavidoM ne kucha lekha Adi likhe haiM, kintu pAramparika AgrahoM ke calate unakI AvAja sunI nahIM gii|
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________________ 26 zvetAmbara aura digambara pakSoM kI ora se bhI mahAvIra ke janma sthala ko lekara kucha lekha evaM pustikAoM kA prakAzana bhI huA hai aura unameM apane-apane pakSoM ke samarthana meM kucha pramANa bhI prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, kintu sAmAnyatayA jo pramANa prastuta kiye gaye haiM ve sabhI paravartIkAlIna hI haiN| prAcInatama sAhityika evaM purAtAttvika pramANoM ko jAnane kA hI prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA yA apane pakSa ke virodha meM lagane ke kAraNa unakI upekSA kara dI gii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sambandha meM jo prAcInatama pramANa upalabdha haiM unameM AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha lagabhaga (I.pU. 5vIM zatAbdI), AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha lagabhaga (I.pU. prathama dvitIya zatAbdI), sUtrakRtAMga (I.pU. dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI), kalpasUtra (I.pU. lagabhaga dUsarI zatAbdI) haiN| kalpasUtra meM mahAvIra ke vizeSaNoM kI carcA upalabdha haiN| usameM unheM jJAtR, jJAtRputra, jJAtRkulacaMda, videha, videhadinne arthAt videhadinnA ke putra, videhajAtya, videhasukumAra Adi vizeSaNoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai|' jJAtavya hai ki yahI saba vizeSaNa AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha ke pandrahaveM adhyAya meM bhI upalabdha haiM (dekheM AcArAMgasUtra dvitIya zrutaskandha-muni AtmArAmajI - ludhiyAnA pR. 1373) / ina vizeSaNoM meM bhI videhajAtya vizeSaNa atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| yadi eka bAra isa vizeSaNa kA artha vaidehI yA vaidehI kA putra mAnakara yaha mAna liyA jAya ki ye vizeSaNa unheM unake mAtRpakSa ke kAraNa diye gaye hoMge, taba bhI videhajAtya vizeSaNa to spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya ko sthApita karatA hai ki mahAvIra kA janma videha kSetra meM hI huA thA, jabaki vartamAna meM mAnya nAlaMdA ke samIpa vAlA kuNDalapura tathA lachavAr3a donoM hI magadha kSetra meM Ate haiN| ve kisI bhI sthiti meM videha ke antargata nahIM mAne jA skte| ataH mahAvIra kA janma sthAna yadi kisI kSetra meM khojA jA sakatA hai to vaha videha kA hI bhAga hogA, magadha kA nahIM ho sktaa| isI prasaMga meM kalpasUtra meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'tIsa vAsAI videhaMsi kaTTu' arthAt 30 varSa videha kSetra meM vyatIta karane ke pazcAt mAtA-pitA ke svargagamana ke bAda guru evaM variSThajanoM kI anujJA prApta karake unhoMne pravrajyA grahaNa kii| mahAvIra kA videhajAtya honA aura phira gRhasthAvasthA ke 30 varSa videha kSetra meM vyatIta karanA ye do aise sabala pramANa haiM jinase unake kuNDalapura ( nAlandA) aura lachavAr3a meM janma lene evaM dIkSita hone kI avadhAraNA nirasta ho jAtI hai| zrI sItArAma rAya ne mahAvIra ke janma sthAna ko lachavAr3a siddha karane ke liye aura vahIM se dIkSita hokara kucha grAmoM meM apanI vihAra yAtrA karane kA saMketa
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthala : eka punarvicAra : 27 dete hue una grAmoM ke nAmoM kI samarUpatA ko cUrNi ke AdhAra para siddha karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA hai| kintu unake isa prayatna kI apekSA jina vidvAnoM ne unakA janma sthAna vaizAlI ke nikaTa kuNDagrAma batAyA hai aura AvazyakacUrNi ke mAdhyama se unake dIkSita hone ke pazcAt hI vihAra yAtrA ke grAmoM kA samIkaraNa kollAgasanniveza (vartamAna kolhuA) Adi se kiyA hai vaha adhika yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| kollAga ko sanniveza kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki vaha kisI bar3e nagara kA upanagara (kaoNlonI) thA aura yaha bAta vartamAna meM vaizAlI ke nikaTa usakI avasthiti se bahuta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| kalpUsatra meM unake dIkSA sthala kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki unhoMne jJAtRkhaNDavana meM azoka vRkSa ke nIce dIkSA svIkAra kii| isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki jJAtRkhaNDavana jJAtavaMzIya kSatriyoM ke adhikAra kA vana kSetra thA aura jJAtavaMzIya kSatriya jinakA kala lichavI thA, vaizAlI ke samIpa hI nivAsa karate the| Aja bhI usa kSetra meM jatheriyA kSatriyoM kA nivAsa dekhA jAtA hai| 'jatheriyA' zabda mUlataH jJAtR kA hI apabhraMza rUpa hai, ata: yaha siddha hotA hai ki mahAvIra kA janma sthAna vaizAlI ke nikaTa kuNDapura hI ho sakatA haiN| vaizAlI se jo eka muhara prApta huI hai usameM vaizAlIkuNDa kA aisA ullekha hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki kSatriya kuNDa, brAhmaNa kuNDa, kollAga Adi vaizAlI ke hI upanagara the| vaizAlI gaNataMtra thA aura ina upanagaroM ke nagara pramukha bhI rAjA hI kahe jAte hoNge| ata: bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha ko rAjA mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM aatii| puna: kalpasUtra meM unheM rAjA na kahakara mAtra kSatriya kahA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna vaizAlI kA nikaTavartI kuNDagrAma hI ho sakatA hai, isakA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ko sUtrakRtAMga jaise prAcIna Agama meM (1/2/3/22) jJAtRputra ke sAthasAtha vaizAlika bhI kahA gayA hai| unake vaizAlika kahe jAne kI sArthakatA tabhI ho sakatI hai jabaki unakA janma sthala vaizAlI ke nikaTa huaa| kucha logoM kA yaha tarka ki unake mAmA athavA nAnA ceTaka vaizAlI ke adhipati the athavA mAtA vaizAlika thIM isaliye unheM vaizAlika kahA gayA, samucita nahIM hai, kyoMki mAmA yA nAnA ke gAMva ke nivAsa sthAna ke AdhAra para kisI vyakti ko tad nAma se pukAre jAne kI paramparA nahIM rahI hai| dUsare hama yadi yaha bhI mAna leM ki mahAvIra kA nanihAla vaizAlI thA aura isaliye ve vaizAlika kahe jAte haiM to eka sambhAvanA yaha bhI mAnI jA sakatI hai ki apane nanihAla meM janma hone ke kAraNa unheM vaizAlika kahA gayA ho| mAtA ke pitagRha athavA santAna ke nanihAla meM janma lene kI paramparA to vartamAna meM bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| kintu jaisA pUrva
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________________ 28 . meM kahA hai ki unhoMne tIsa varSa taka 'videha' meM nivAsa karane ke pazcAt dIkSA grahaNa kI (kalpasUtra 110 prA.bhA.saM.pR. 160) isa AdhAra para yaha bAta pUrNataH nirasta ho jAtI hai ki unheM apane nanihAla ke kAraNa vaizAlika kahA jAtA thaa| eka mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha uThAyA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ke pitA rAjA the| kintu prazna yaha hai ki ve kisa prakAra ke rAjA the - svatantra rAjA the yA gaNataMtra ke rAjA the| unheM svatantra rAjA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki kalpasUtra meM aneka sthaloM para to 'siddhatthe khattiye' arthAt siddhArtha kSatriya hI kahA gayA hai| rAjagRha kA magadha rAjavaMza sAmrAjyavAdI thA, jabaki vaizAlI kI paramparA gaNataMtrAtmaka thii| gaNataMtra meM to samIpavartI kSetroM ke choTe-choTe gAMvoM meM svAyatta zAsana vyavasthA sambhava thI, parantu sAmrAjyavAdI rAjataMtroM meM yaha sambhAvanA nahIM ho sktii| ata: hama nAlaMdA ke samIpavartI kuNDalapura ko athavA lachavAr3a ko mahAvIra kA janmasthAna evaM pitRgRha svIkAra nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki magadha kA sAmrAjya itanA bar3A thA ki usake nikaTavartI nAlaMdA yA lachavAr3a meM svataMtra rAjavaMza sambhava nhiiN| vaizAlI gaNataMtra meM usakI mahAsabhA meM 7707 gaNarAjA the| yaha ullekha bhI tripiTaka sAhitya meM milatA hai| ata: mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha ko gaNarAjA mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM aatii| kSatriyakuNDa ke vaizAlI ke samIpa hone se yA usakA aMgIbhUta hone se mahAvIra ko vaizAlika kahA jAnA to sambhava ho sakatA hai| yadi mahAvIra kA janma nAlandA ke samIpa tathAkathita kuNDalapura meM huA hotA to unheM yA to nAlaMdIya yA rAjagRhika aisA vizeSaNa milatA, vaizAlika nhiiN| jahAM taka sAhityika pramANoM kA prazna hai gaNanI jJAnamatI mAtAjI evaM prajJAzramaNI caMdanAmatIjI ne nAlaMdA ke samIpavartI tathAkathita kuNDalapura ko mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi siddha karane ke liye purANoM aura digambaramAnya Agama granthoM se kucha sandarbha diye haiN| rAjamalajI jaina ne isake pratipakSa meM 'mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDapura' nAma pustikA likhI aura una pramANoM kI samIkSA bhI kI hai| hama usa vivAda meM ulajhanA to nahIM cAhate, kintu eka bAta spaSTa rUpa se samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki digambara paramparA ke Agama tulya grantha kaSAyapAhuDa, SaTakhaNDAgama Adi ke jo pramANa ina vidvAnoM ne diye haiM, unheM yaha jJAta honA cAhiye ki ina donoM granthoM ke mUla meM kahIM bhI mahAvIra ke janmasthAna Adi ke sandarbha meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| jo samasta ullekha prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM ve unakI jayadhavalA aura dhavalA TIkAoM se hai, jo lagabhaga 9vI-10vIM zatAbdI kI racanAeM haiN| isI prakAra jina purANoM se sandarbha prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM ve bhI lagabhaga 9vIM zatAbdI se lekara 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya racita haiN| ata: ye sabhI pramANa cUrNi
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthala : eka punarvicAra : 29 sAhitya se bhI paravartI hI siddha hote haiN| ata: unheM Thosa pramANoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ve kevala sahAyaka pramANa hI kahe jA sakate haiN| isa sandarbha meM zrI rAjamalajI jaina ne siddha kiyA hai ki ina pramANoM meM bhI eka do apavAdoM ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA kaNDapUra kA hI ullekha haiN| kuNDalapura ke ullekha to virala hI haiM aura jo haiM ve bhI mukhyatayA paravartI granthoM ke hI haiN| yahAM hameM yaha dhyAna rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai ki jaba kramazaH mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sAtha camatkArika ghaTanAeM jur3atI gaIM, to ahobhAva ke kAraNa kSatriyakuNDa aura brAhmaNakuNDa ko bhI nagara yA pura kahA jAne lgaa| kalpasUtra (pRSTha 44) meM bhI kSatriyakuNDagrAma aura brAhmaNakuNDagrAma kA hI ullekha hai| yahAM inheM jo 'khattIyakuNDagAmenayare' kahA gayA hai usameM 'grAma-nagara' zabda se yahI bhAva abhivyakta hotA hai ki ye donoM mUlata: to grAma hI the kintu vaizAlI nagara ke nikaTavartI hone ke kAraNa inheM grAma-nagara saMjJA prApta ho gaI thii| vartamAna meM bhI kisI bar3e nagara ke vistAra hone para usameM samAhita gAMva nagara nAma ko prApta ho jAte haiN| vastutaH kSatriyakuNDa hI mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi pratIta hotI hai aura yaha vaizAlI kA hI eka upanagara siddha hotA haiN| jJAtavya hai ki vaizAlI kA mUla nAma vizAlA thaa| vizAla nagara hone ke kAraNa hI isakA nAma vaizAlI par3A thaa| purAtAttvika sAkSyoM kI dRSTi se vaizAlI, nAlaMdA aura lachavAr3a (jo jamuI ke nikaTa hai) kI prAcInatA meM koI saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu prAcIna sAhitya meM nAlaMdA ke samIpa kisI kuNDapura yA kuNDalapura kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| vartamAna lachavAr3a, jamuI ke nikaTa hai aura jamuI ke sambandha meM sAhityika aura purAtAttvika donoM hI pramANa upalabdha haiN| kalpasUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIrasvAmI ke kevalajJAna sthAna kA jo ullekha milatA hai usameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki "jaMbhIyagAmassa arthAt jRmbhika grAma ke pAsa RjuvAlikA nadI ke kinAre vaiyyAvRtta caitya ke na adhika dUra na adhika samIpa zAmaka gAthApati ke kASTakaraNa meM zAlavRkSa ke nIce gaudohika AsAna meM ukaDUM baiThe hue AtApanA lete hue SaSTabhakta upavAsa se yukta hastottarA nakSatra kA yoga hone para vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ko aparAhna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna huA thaa|" isase vartamAna lachavAr3a kI, vizeSa rUpa se jRmbhika grAma kI prAcInatA to siddha ho jAtI hai kintu yaha mahAvIra kA janmasthala hai yaha bAta siddha nahIM hotii| prAcIna jo bhI ullekha haiM ve mUlata: kSatriyaNDa se sambandhita haiM / vaizAlI ke samIpa vAsokuNDa ko mahAvIra kA janmasthala mAnane ke sambandha meM kendrIya zAsana aura itihAsajJa varga ne jo nirNaya liyA hai, vaha samucita pratIta hotA hai|
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________________ isakA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki vaizAlI se prApta eka mudrA para 'vaizAlInAmakaNDe' aisA spaSTa likhA haA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki vaizAlI ke nikaTa koI kuNDagrAma rahA hogA aura yahI kuNDagrAma kSatriyakuNDa aura brAhmaNakuNDa - aise do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita rahA hogaa| ata: bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma sthAna ko vaizAlI ke nikaTavartI vAsokuNDa ko hI kSatriyakuNDa mAnanA caahiye| isa sambandha meM eka paramparAgata anuzruti yaha bhI hai ki vAsokuNDa ke usa sthala jise mahAvIra kA janma sthAna mAnA gayA hai Aja taka hala nahIM calAyA gayA hai aura vahAM ke nivAsI zAsakIya evaM vidvAnoM ke nirNaya ke pUrva bhI usa sthAna ko mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM ullekhita karate rahe haiN| jahAM taka nAlaMdA ke samIpavartI kuNDalapura kA prazna hai use to mahAvIra kA janmasthala nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki mahAvIra jaba-jaba bhI rAjagRhI Ate the taba-taba varSAvAsa ke liye nAlaMdA ko hI pramukhatA dete the| ata: yaha to svabhAvika hai ki nAlaMdA ke sAtha mahAvIra kI smRtiyAM jur3I rahI hoM kintu use unakI janmabhUmi svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki na to vahA~ jJAtRvaMzIya kSatriyoM kA AvAsa hI thA aura na magadha jaise sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI ke eka upanagara meM kisI anya rAjA kA rAjya hone kI sambhAvanA thii| jamuI ke nikaTavartI lachavAr3a ko lachavAr3a nAma kaba milA yaha gaveSaNA kA viSaya hai| jamuI kI prAcInatA to nirvivAda hai aura usakA sambandha bhI mahAvIra ke kevala jJAna sthala kA nikaTavartI hone se mahAvIra ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| kintu use mahAvIra kA janmasthAna na mAnakara Agamika pramANoM ke AdhAra para kevalajJAna sthala hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA mahAvIra kI kaivalyabhUmi ke prasaMga meM kreNge| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke granthoM meM kSatriyakuNDa yA kuNDapura kI avasthiti videha kSetra meM batAI gaI hai| isa tathya kI puSTi digambara paramparA ke kucha granthoM ke sandarbha zrI rAjamalajI jaina ne prastuta kiye haiN| pUjyapAda devanandI kI nirvANabhakti meM yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki siddhArtharAjA ke putra ne bhArata deza ke videha kuNDapura meM devI priyakAriNI ko sukhada svapna dikhAe aura caitra zuklA trayodazI ko usane unheM janma diyaa| isI prakAra AcArya jinasena ne (navIM zatI) harivaMza purANa meM bhArata deza ke videha kSetra ke kuNDapura meM mahAvIra ke janma kA ullekha kiyA hai| isI krama meM uttarapurANa ke racayitA gaNabhadra ne (vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI) mahAvIra ke janma sthAna kuNDapura ko bhArata ke videha kSetra meM avasthita batAyA haiN| isI purANa ke 75veM sarga meM bhI 'videhaviSayekaNDasaMjJAyAM' purI ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya puSpadaMta ne vIrajinaMdacariu
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthala : eka punarvicAra : 31 ( vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI) meM 'vaizAlI kuNDapure' aisA ullekha kiyA hai| isase bhI aisA lagatA hai ki mahAvIra kI janmasthalI kuNDapurI vaizAlI ke nikaTa hI rhii| dAmanandI ne (10vIM - 11vIM zatAbdI) mahAvIra ke janma sthAna kuNDapura ko videha meM sthita batAyA hai| isI tathya ko asaga (gyArahavIM zatAbdI) ne vardhamAna caritra meM puSTa kiyA hai| ve bhI mahAvIra kI janmasthalI kuNDapura kI avasthiti videha kSetra meM batAte haiM / zrIdhara racita vaDDamAnacariu ( lagabhaga bArahavI zatI) meM bhI kuNDapura ko videha kSetra meM mAnA gayA haiM / sakalakIrti ne vardhamAnacaritra meM kuNDapura ko videha kSetra meM avasthita mAnA hai| punaH muni dharmacanda ne gautamacaritra ( 17vIM zatAbdI) meM kuNDapura ko bharatakSetra meM videha pradeza ke antargata svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki lagabhaga IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI se lekara 17vIM zatAbdI taka digambara AcArya evaM bhaTTAraka kuNDapura ko videha kSetra meM avasthita hI mAna rahe haiN| yahAM hamane kevala unhIM sandarbhoM ko ullekhita kiyA hai, jinameM kuNDapura ko spaSTa rUpa se videhakSetra meM avasthita batAyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ke janmasthala kuNDapura hone ke to anya bhI kaI sandarbha haiM, jinakI carcA zrI rAjamala jaina ne kI hai| vastutaH mahAvIra kA janmasthala videhakSetra meM sthita vaizAlI kA nikaTavartI kuNDapura nAmaka upanagara hI rahA hai| paravartI sAhitya meM kahIM-kahIM kuNDapura ke kucha ullekha milate haiM jinakI spaSTa samIkSA zrI rAjamalajaina ne kI hai| hama yahAM kuNDapura aura kuNDalapura ke vivAda meM nahIM par3anA cAhate / zvetAmbara sandarbha to mUlataH kuNDagrAma ke hI haiM, aura usameM bhI spaSTa rUpa se kSatriyakuNDa ke haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM 14vIM zatAbdI meM AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne vividhatIrthakalpa kI racanA kI thii| unhoMne bhI mahAvIra kA janmasthala kuNDagrAma hI ullekhita kiyA hai| zrI rAjamalajI jaina ne apanI pustaka 'mahAvIra kI janma bhUmi kuNDapura' meM jo yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki kuNDapura hI 13vIM zatAbdI taka kuNDagrAma ho gayA hogA, eka bhrAnti hai| hama pUrva meM ullekha kara Aye haiM ki kalpasUtra Adi meM spaSTa rUpa se 'kuNDagrAma' kA hI ullekha hai, kuNDapura kA nhiiN| hA~ itanA avazya hai ki AgamoM meM 'kuNDapuragrAmanagara' aisA ullekha bhI milatA hai| merI dRSTi meM grAma nagara aisA samAsapada grahaNa karane para isakA artha hogA nagara kA samIpavartI gAMva yA vaha gAMva jo kAlAntara meM kisI nagara kA bhAga yA upanagara bana gayA ho| - yahA~ eka mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki gaNanI jJAnamatI mAtAjI ne bhI kuNDalapura kA pakSa lete hue use videha meM sthita mAnA hai| aba yaha prazna
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________________ 32 uThatA hai ki kyA digambara paramparA ke dvArA mAnya nAlaMdA ke samIpa sthita kuNDalapura athavA zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya jamuI ke nikaTavartI lachavAr3a ko videha kSetra meM sthita mAnA jA sakatA hai? prAcIna bhArata ke bhUgola kA adhyayana karane para yaha bAta bahuta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki vartamAna kuNDalapura aura lachavAr3a donoM hI magadha kSetra ke antargata Ate haiN| ve kisI bhI sthiti meM videha kSetra meM sthita nahIM mAne jA skte| kyoMki prAcIna bhAratIya bhUgola ke anusAra videha-kSetra kI jo sImA nirdhArita thI usameM usakI pazcimI sImA gaNDakI nadI (vartamAna dhAdharA) aura pUrvI sImA kozikI nadI kI thii| dakSiNa meM videha kSetra kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa gaMgA nadI aura uttara meM himAlaya parvata nirdhArita karatA thaa| yadi mahAvIra ke janma sthAna kI khoja kahIM karanI hogI to isa videha kSetra kI sImA meM hI karanI hogI aura yaha satya hai ki nAlandA samIpastha kuNDalapura jamuI ke samIpa sthita lachavAr3a donoM hI videha kSetra kI sImA ke bAhara haiM aura magadha kSetra kI sImA ke antargata Ate haiN| ata: sAhityika pramANa spaSTa rUpa se vaizAlI ke nikaTa vartamAna vAsukuNDa ke pakSa meM hI jAte haiN| purAtAttvika dRSTi se nAlandA, jamuI aura vaizAlI tInoM hI apanA astitva I.pU. 6vIM zatAbdI meM rakhate haiN| yaha bhI satya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba bhI rAjagRhI Aye aura vahAM varSAvAsa kA nizcaya kiyA to unhoMne apanA cAturmAsa sthala nAlandA ko hI cunA / purAtAttvika sAkSyoM se yaha bhI siddha hai ki mahAvIra ke kAla meM nAlandA rAjagRhI kA eka upanagara yA sanniveza mAnA jAtA thaa| vartamAna meM jo bar3agAMva kuNDalapura meM digambara aura zvetAmbara maMdira haiM unameM sthita pratimAeM solahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI nahIM haiN| nAlandA kI prAcInatA ke sambandha meM jo purAtAttvika pramANa upalabdha hote haiM ve adhikAMza bauddha paramparA se hI sambaddha haiN| jaina paramparA se sambaddha abhI taka koI bhI aisA purAtAttvika pramANa upalabdha nahIM huA hai jo mahAvIra ke janmasthala para sthita kisI prAcIna maMdira Adi kI avasthiti ko siddha kre| isI prakAra jamuI ke nikaTa sthita lachavAr3a meM prAcIna avazeSa upalabdha hote haiN| lekhaka svayaM jisa samaya lachavAr3a gayA thA usa samaya vahAM naye maMdira ke nirmANa ke liye prAcIna maMdira ko girA diyA gayA thaa| yadyapi jisa maMdira ko girAyA gayA thA, vaha atiprAcIna nahIM thA, kintu usake nIce jo cabUtarA thA usa cabUtare meM tathA usa cabUtare ko khodane para nikalI sAmagrI meM lekhaka ko kucha prAcIna IMToM ke khaNDa upalabdha hue the jo kama se kama maurya kAla ke pazcAt ke aura guptA kAla ke pUrva ke the| maMdira meM jo mUlanAyaka mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA thI, vaha spaSTa rUpa se pAlakAlIna arthAt 9-10vIM zatAbdI kI thii| isase yaha to nizcita hotA hai ki
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthala : eka punarvicAra : 33 lachavAr3a meM mahAvIra kI smRti meM hI prAcInakAla meM koI maMdira avazya banA thA, kintu yaha mahAvIra kA janmasthala thA yaha svIkAra karane meM aneka bAdhAeM haiN| isa sambandha meM DaoN. sItArAma rAya kA eka lekha 'zramaNa' agasta 1989 meM prakAzita huA thaa| unhoMne lachavAr3a ko mahAvIra kA janma sthAna svIkAra kiye jAne ke sandarbha meM eka tarka yaha diyA hai ki kalpasUtra kA kuNDagrAma pahAr3I kSetra meM avasthita thA jabaki vaizAlI ke pAsa vasakaNDa meM pahAr3oM kA nAmo-nizAna nahIM hai| kintu lekhaka ne yaha nirNaya kaise le liyA ki kalpasUtra meM kuNDagrAma ko pahAr3I kSetra meM avasthita batAyA gayA haiM, samajha se pare hai| kalpasUtra meM evaM AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM mahAvIra ke janma sthala kA pahAr3I kSetra meM avasthita honA kahIM bhI ullikhita nahIM haiN| isI prakAra prastuta lekhaka ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki mahAvIra ke gRhastha jIvana ke parityAga ke avasara para kuNDagrAma kA parityAga kara usase uttara-pazcima kI ora pahAr3a kI ora jJAtRkhaNDa vana pahuMcane kA varNana milatA hai, kintu yahAM bhI pahAr3a kI kalpanA lekhaka kI svaira kalpanA hai| AcArAMga, kalpasUtra yahAM taka kI AvazyakacUrNi meM bhI jahAM jJAtRya vanakhaNDa kA ullekha hai, vahAM bhI kahIM pahAr3a Adi hone kA ullekha nahIM hai| sItArAma rAya ne jamuI anumaNDala ke lachavAr3a ko jo mahAvIra kA janma sthala mAnane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura usakI puSTi meM AvazyakacUrNi meM ullikhita unakI vihArayAtrA ke kucha gAMva yathA - kumAra, kollAga, moraka, asthiya grAma kA samIkaraNa vartamAna kumAra, konnAga, morA aura asthAvA se karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, vaha nAma sAmya ko dekhakara to thor3A sA vizvasanIya pratIta hotA hai kintu jaba hama inakI dUriyoM kA vicAra karate haiM to vaizAlI ke nikaTavartI kumAra, kolhuvA, atthiya gAMva Adi se hI adhika saMgati milatI hai| vartamAna meM bhI bhinna-bhinna pradezoM aura maNDaloM ke samAna nAma vAle gAMvoM ke nAma upalabdha ho jAte haiN| vastuta: DaoN. sItArAma rAya ne jo samIkaraNa banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai vaha dUriyoM ke hisAba se samucita nahIM hai| unhoMne jamuI se vartamAna pAvA kI AgamoM meM ullikhita 12 yojana kI dUrI ko Adhunika pAvApurI se samIkRta karane kA jo prayatna kiyA hai vaha kisI bhI rUpa meM mAnya nahIM ho sktaa| lekhaka ne svayaM bhI jamuI se pAvApurI taka kI yAtrA kI hai| bAraha yojana kI dUrI kA tAtparya lagabhaga 160 ki.mI. hotA hai, jabaki jamuI se pAvApurI kI dUrI mAtra 60 ki.mI. ke lagabhaga hai| ata: jamuI ko mahAvIra kA kevalajJAna kA sthAna mAna bhI liyA jAya to bhI usase vartamAna pAvA kI dUrI Agamika AdhAroM para samucita siddha nahIM hotii|
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________________ 34 vardhamAna mahAvIra ke vaizAlika hone kA eka anya pramANa hameM theragAthA kI aThThakathA (vyAkhyA) meM milatA hai| theragAthA meM vardhamAna thera kA ullekha hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki dAna ke puNya ke pariNAmasvarUpa vardhamAna devaloka se cyuta hokara gautamabuddha ke janma lene para vaizAlI ke lichavI rAjakula meM utpanna hokara pravrajyA grahaNa kii| (imasmi buddhapAde vesAliyaM licchavi rAjakule nibbatti vaDDhamAno tissa nAmaM ahosi -- theragAthA aThThakathA nAlandA saMskaraNa pR. 153) / isa prakAra yahAM unheM vaizAlI ke lichavI rAjakula meM janma lene vAlA batAyA gayA / yadyapi paramparAgata vidvAnoM kA yaha vicAra ho sakatA hai ki ye vardhamAna bauddha paramparA meM dIkSita koI anya vyakti hoMge, kintu hamArA yaha spaSTa anubhava hai ki jisa prakAra RSibhASita sabhI arhataRSi nirgrantha paramparA ke nahIM haiM, usI prakAra theragAthA meM varNita sabhI sthavira bauddha nahIM haiN| vaizAlI ke lichavI rAjakula meM utpanna buddha ke samakAlika vardhamAna thera vardhamAna mahAvIra se bhinna nahIM mAne jA sakate / theragAthA kI aTTakathA ke anusAra unhoMne AMtarika aura bAhya saMyogoM ko chor3akara, rUparAga, arUparAga tathA bhavarAga ko samApta karane kA upadeza diyA tathA yaha kahA hai ki anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM ko sAkSIbhAva se dekhate hue bhavarAga aura saMyojanoM kA prahANa sambhava hai| kyoMki unake ye vicAra AcArAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana meM bhI milate haiN| isa upadeza se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki theragAthA meM varNita vardhamAna thera anya koI nahIM, apitu vardhamAna mahAvIra hI haiN| isa AdhAra para bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI ke lichavI kula meM huA thA / mahAvIra ke pravrajyA grahaNa karane kA ullekha karate samaya yaha spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki saMvega (vairAgya) utpanna hone para unhoMne agnikarma kA tyAga karake saMgha se kSamAyAcanA karake karma paramparA ko dekhakara pravrajyA grahaNa kii| yaha samagra kathana bhI jaina (nirgrantha) paramparA ke anukula hI hai| ataH isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki theragAthA ke vaizAlI ke lichavI kula meM utpanna vardhamAna thera vardhamAna mahAvIra hI haiN| isa prakAra bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya bhI mahAvIra ke janmasthala ke rUpa meM videha ke antargata vaizAlI ko hI mAnate haiN| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM harmanajaikobI, hArnale, viseNTasmitha, munizrI kalyANavijayajI, DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina, jyotiprasAda jaina, paM. sukhalAlajI Adi jainaajaina sabhI vidvAna vaizAlI ke nikaTastha kuNDagrAma ko hI mahAvIra kA janmasthala mAnate haiN| bauddhagrantha mahAvagga (IsvIpUrva 5vIM zatI) meM vaizAlI ke tIna kSetra mAne gaye haiM - 1. vaizAlI, 2. kuNDapura evaM 3. vaannijygraam| mahAvIra kA lichavI rAjakula
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthala : eka punarvicAra : 35 meM janma mAnane para bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAvagga ke anusAra vaizAlI meM 7707 rAjA the| ata: mahAvIra ke pitA ko rAjA mAnane meM bauddha sAhitya se bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai kyoMki vahAM 'rAjA' zabda kA artha vaizAlI mahAsaMgha kI saMghIya sabhA kA sadasya honA hI hai| kaNDagrAma kI vasakaNDa se samAnatA ke sambandha meM DaoN. zyAmAnaMda prasAda kI yaha Apatti hai ki vasukuNDa meM kevala kuNDa zabda kI hI samAnatA hai, 'vasu' zabda na to brAhmaNa kA paryAyavAcI ho sakatA hai, na kSatriya kaa| ata: unakA kahanA hai ki vartamAna vasukuNDa ko mahAvIra kA janma sthAna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kintu DaoN. prasAda ne mUlaAgama sAhitya ko zAyada dekhane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM vasuM aura vIra' zabda kA prayoga zramaNa ke artha meM huA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM 'vasu' zabda kA eka artha jinadeva yA vItarAga bhI upalabdha hotA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMyamagrahaNa karane ke bAda isa kSetra ko kSatriyakuNDa ke sthAna para vasukuNDa kahA jAne lagA ho| vartamAna lachavAr3a ke samIpa jo brAhmaNakaNDa aura kSatriyakuNDa kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vahAM isa taraha kI koI basAhaTa nahIM hai| brAhmaNakuNDa aura kSatriyakuNDa nAma to unheM mahAvIra ke janmasthala mAna lene para diye gaye haiN| isa prakAra merI yaha sunizcita dhAraNA hai ki lachavAr3a ke samIpa jamuI maNDala ke isa kSetra kA sambandha mahAvIra ke sAdhanA evaM kevalajJAna sthala se avazya rahA hai| jise vartamAna meM lachavAr3a kahA jAtA hai usakA sambandha licchaviyA se ho sakatA hai, kintu isa nAma kI bhI prAcInatA kitanI hai yaha zodha kA viSaya hai| DaoN. prasAda kA yaha mAnanA samucita nahIM hai ki vaizAlI ko mahAvIra ke janma sthAna ke rUpa meM mAnyatA 1948 meM milii| isake pUrva bhI vidvAnoM ne vaizAlI ke nikaTa aura videha kSetra meM mahAvIra kA janma sthAna hone kI bAta kahI hai| yaha nizcita hai ki lagabhaga 15-16vIM zatI se zvetAmbara paramparA meM lachavAr3a ke samIpavartI kSetra ko mahAvIra ke janma sthAna mAnane kI paramparA vikasita huI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM apanA pravacana diyA thA isaliye ve magadha kSetra ke nivAsI hone cAhie, aisI jo mAnyatA lachavAr3a ke pakSa meM dI jAtI hai vaha bhI samucita nahIM hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki mahAvIra kI bhASA mAgadhI na hokara ardhamAgadhI hai| yadi mahAvIra kA janma aura vicaraNa kevala magadha kSetra meM hI huA hotA to ve mAgadhI kA hI upayoga karate, ardhamAgadhI kA nhiiN| ardhamAgadhI svayaM hI isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki unakI bhASA meM mAgadhI ke atirikta anya samIpavartI kSetroM kI bhASAoM evaM boliyoM ke zabda bhI mile hue the| maiM jamaI anumaNDala ko mahAvIra kA sAdhanA sthala evaM kevalajJAnasthala mAnane meM to sahamata hU~, kintu janmasthala mAnane meM sahamata nahIM hU~, ata: mahAvIra kA janma sthala vaizAlI ke samIpa vartamAna
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________________ 36 vAsukuNDa hI adhika prAmANika lagatA hai| jaina samAja ko usa sthAna ke samyak vikAsa hetu prayatna karanA caahie| saMdarbha : 1. samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre nAe, nAyaputte, nAyakulacaMde, videhe, videhadinne, videhajacce videha sUmAle tIsaM vAsAI videhasi kaTTa - kalpasUtra 110 (prAkRta bhAratI saMskaraNa pR. 160). 2. vahI pR. 160. 3. NAyasaMDavaNe ujjAge jeNeva asokavarapAyave - kalpasUtra 113 (prAkRta bhAratI saMskaraNa pR. 170)evaM se udAhu aNuttaraNANI aNuttaradasI aNuttaramANadaMsaNaghare / arahA - NAyaputte bhagavaM vesAlie viyAhie / / sUtrakRtAMga 1/2/3/22. 4. dekheM - kalpasUtra 58, 67, 69 (prA.bhA.saM.pR. 96, 114 Adi). 5. dekheM - buddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola - bharata siMha pR. 313. 6. kalpasUtra 119 (prAkRta bhAratI saMskaraNa pR. 184), jJAtavya hai AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI dIkSA grahaNa karate samaya mahAvIra yaha nirNaya lete haiM ki maiM sabake prati kSamAbhAva rakhUgA - (samma sahissAmi ivamissAmi). 8. AcArAMga 1/174; 5/55, 6/30. 9. vahI, 1/37, 68.