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________________ madhyakAlIna mAru-gurjara citrakalAke prAcIna pramANa DaoN0 umAkAnta premAnanda zAha madhyakAlIna pazcimabhAratIya citrakalA hameM laghu-citra ( miriature paintings ) rUpameM, vizeSataH hastalikhita jaina granthoMmeM, milatI hai| usa kalAko pazcimabhAratIya citrakalA, apabhraMza zailI, gujarAtI citrakalA Adi nAmoMse bhinna-bhinna vidvAnoMne peza kI hai| kintu, jyAdA karake vaha pazcimabhAratIya citrakalA nAmase pahacAnI gaI hai| vaha kalA mukhyataH rAjasthAna aura gujarAtake jaina bhaMDAroMmeM aura rAjasthAna aura gujarAtameM likhI huI pratiyoMmeM milatI hai isalie maiM usako madhyakAlIna mAru-gurjara citrakalA nAmase pahacAnanA pasaMda karatA huuN| yaha zabda prayoga, jahA~ taka mujhe yAda hai, kavi zrI umAzaMkara jozIne gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnIkA mUla srotarUpa bhASA, jisako TesiTorIne Old Western Rajasthari kahI hai, usake lie prayukta kiyA thaa| vAstavameM prAcIna aura madhyayugameM gujarAta rAjasthAnakA bhASAkIya. kalAviSayaka aura anya sAMskRtika aikya rahA thaa| isalie bhI mAru-gurjara zabda prayoga jyAdA vAstavika lagatA hai| isa citrazailIke viSayameM bahuta likhA gayA hai| DaoN0 kumAra svAmI, DaoN0 brAuna, DaoN. majamuMdAra, zrI0o0sI0 gAMgulI, DaoN0 motIcandra, DaoN. baeNreTa, DaoN0 silane, zrIkAla khaMDAlAvAlA Adi vidvAnoMke saMzodhana Adike pariNAmarUpa yaha bAta spaSTa huI thI ki isa zailIke jo upalabdha laghucitra hai unameMse sabase prAcIna hai saMvat 1157 ( I0sa0 1100 ) meM bhRgukacchameM likhita vizIthacUNikI tADapatrIya prati' jisameM patroMke bIcameM kamalaAdike suzobhana haiN| eka do golAkRti suzobhanoMke bIca meM pazu (hAthI ), naranArI Adi bhI haiN| kintu, I0sa0 1127 vi0saM0 1184 meM likhita jJAtA aura dUsare aMgasUtroMkI tADapatrIya prati ( khaMbhAta ke zAntinAtha jaina bhaMDArameM surakSita ) meM do citra mile haiM jinase isa kalAkA vizeSa paricaya hotA hai / isameM prathama citra tIrthaMkara bhagavAnkA hai aura dUsarA sarasvatI yA zrutadevatA kaa| karIba isI samayake bhitticitra uttarapradezake lalitapura jileke madanapurameM viSNumaMdirake maMDapameM mile haiN| vaha maMdira madana varmAke rAjyakAlameM I0sa0 1130 se 1165 ke bIca bnaa| citra bhI karIba isI samayake AsapAsa bane hoNge| ina citroMmeM paMcataMtrakI kathAke citra haiN| citroMmeM yaho mAru-gurjara citrakalAkI vizeSatAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| ___ilorAko kalAsamandiraguhAke bhitticitroMmeM madhyake starameM garuDoparisthita viSNuke citrameM lambA noka 1. dekho, motIcandra, jaina miniecara peinTIngajh phraoNma vesTarna inDiyA, ( amadAbAda, 1949 ), pR0 28 29, citra naM0 14 / 2. vahI, citra naM0 15 / 3. vahI, citra naM0 16, pu0 28 / 4. sTelA kAmariza, e peinTeDa sIliMga, jarnala oNpha ye iNDIana sosAyaTI oNpha orienTala ArTa, vaoNlyuma, 7.10 176 aura citrapleTa / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 7
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________________ dAra ( Penrfed ) nAka Adi vizeSatAyeM spaSTa rUpase vikasita haiN| ataH I0sa0 8vIM sadI aura 11vIM sadIke bIca isa citrazailIkA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thA yaha nizcita hai| kintu, granthastha citrakalAke itane prAcIna anya pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiN| isa zailoke anya prAcIna pramANa, khAsataura para jisakA samaya nizcita hai aise pramANakI khojameM DaoN0 maMjUlAla majamaMdArane eka nayI dizAkI ora hamArI daSTi khIMcI hai| prAcIna tAmrapatrIya dAnapatroMrAjyazAsanoMmeM antameM kabhI-kabhI dAna denevAle rAjAkI rAjamudrAkA cihna rekhAkRtimeM utkIrNa rUpase milatA hai| aise udAharaNoMmeM hameM raMgamilAvaTa aura citrAkRti vaividhya nahIM milatA, kintu rekhAMkanako paripATI, usa zailIkI rekhAMkana vizeSatAkA pramANa mila jAtA hai| mArugurjara zailIkI jo vizeSatAyeM haiM unameM nokadAra nAka, arddhasanmukha mukhAkRtimeM dUsarI A~khako bhI dikhAnA (farhor eye extended in space) aura mukhakI aura zarIrakI AkRtimeM vizeSataH koNAMkana ( angularitces ) dikhalAnA, Adi hameM aise tAmrapatroMke rekhAMkanoMmeM dRSTigocara ho sakate haiN| isa taraha DaoN. majamUMdArane do prAcIna zAsanoMkI ora nirdeza kiyA hai.2 jinameM eka hai paramAra rAjA vAkapatirAjakA saMvat 1031 = I0sa0 974 meM utkIrNa dAna zAsana jo ujjayanI nagarIse diyA gayA hai aura dUsarA hai paramAra bhojarAjakA zAsana jo saMvat 1.78 = I0sa0 1021 meM dhArA nagarIse diyA gayA hai jisameM nAgahradako pazcima pathakameM vIrANaka gA~va dAna meM diyA hai| ina donoMmeM paramAroMkI rAjamudrAkA cihna garuDAkRti utkIrNa hai, aura garuDake hAthameM sarpa hai| garuDako vegase AkAzameM vicaratA haA, manuSyAkRti aura sapakSa dikhAyA hai| yahA~ yaha donoM AkRti citra 1 aura citra 2 meM peza kI haiN| ina citroMse yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha citrakalA dazavI sadI ke uttarArddha meM mAlava pradeza aura paramAroMke AdhIna pradezameM pracalita ho cukI thii| isa dRSTise maiMne utkIrNa dAnapatroMkI ora khoja karane kA prayatna kiyA jinameM aise rAjacihna utkIrNa kiye hoN| isase aba hama nizcita rUpase kaha sakate haiM ki I0sa0 948 meM ( ataH dazavIM zatAbdIke madhyakAlameM ) isa zailIkA AviSkAra aura pracAra ho cukA thaa| saMbhavataH dazavIM zatAbdIke sAre pUrvArddha meM isa zailIkA honA mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki rAjamudrAmeM isakA AviSkAra honA taba hI ho sakatA hai jaba usako kalAkAroM aura kalAparIkSakoMne apanAyA ho / sAbArakAMThA jilA ( uttara gujarAta ) harasolA nAmaka prAcIna nagarake kisI brAhmaNake pAsase milA huA yaha zAsana harasolA pleTsa oNpha sIyaka isa nAmase rAyabahAdura ke0ena0 dIkSitajIne aura zrI0DI0bI0 DIsakAlakarane prasiddha kiyA thA, vaha zAsana sIyakane mahInadIke taTa para apane kaeNmpameMse nikAlA thA aura dAna meM isI pradezameM mohaDavAsaka ( hAlakA moDAsA ) ke pAsake gA~va diye gaye haiN| isa zAsanameM utkIrNa garuDAkRti mAlava yA gujarAtake kisI kAMsyakArane 1. motIcandra, vahI, pR0 11-12 aura citra naM. 4 / 2. DaoN0 ema0Ara0 majamuMdAra, gujarAta-iTsa ArTa-haeNriTeija, pleTa 1 aura pleTa 13 / ina donoM dAnapatrakI mUlaprasiddhike lie dekho, ena0 je0 kIrtane, zrImAlava inskrIpzansa, inDIana enTIkverI, vaoN06, pR0 49-54 aura pleTas, yahA~ para die hue citra naM0 1-2 isI citroMkI kaoNpIse sAbhAra uddhRta haiN| 3. dekho, ke0ena0 dIkSita aura DI0bI0 DIsakAlakara, duharasolA pleTsa oNpha paramAra sIyaka, epigrAphiyA inDikA, jilda 19, 10 236 se Age, aura pleTa / 8 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ utkIrNa kI hogI kyoMki mAlavake rAjAne yaha zAsana gujarAtameM apane kaimpameMse nikAlA thaa| ata: isa zAsanameM dikhAI detI garuDAkRtikI kalA gujarAta aura mAlavA donoMmeM pracalita honekA sambhava hai| yaha AkRti yahA~ citra 3 rUpase peza kI hai| citra 3 kI garuDAkRti pUrI ekacazma nahIM hai| savAcazma jaisI lagatI hai aura paralI A~kha hI dikhAI detI hai| gAla ( check ) nahIM kintu usakI aura mukhakI sImArekhAse aisI bAhara vaha paralo A~kha nahIM hai jitanI pichale samayake mAru-gurjara citroMmeM milatI hai / ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki I0sa0 948 ke AsapAsa mukhakI sImArekhAke bAhara paralI A~kha lAnA agara zurU bhI huA ho, to phira bhI itanA pracalita, itanA sarvamAnya nahIM huA thaa| vAstavameM jahA~ taka paralI A~khako sImArekhAse bAhara dikhAne kI bAta hai vahA~ taka to citra 1 meM batAyA huA I0sa0 974 meM khudA huA garuDa aura citra 3 ke garuDa meM koI jyAdA bheda nahIM hai| kintu zarIra racanA aura mukhAkRti AdimeM savizeSa bheda hai| citra 3 vAle garuDa kI bAlaka jaisI AkRti manojJa hai, sajIva to hai hii| citra 1 ke garuDakI AkRtimeM angularites bar3ha gaI hai, nAka jyAdA lambA aura tIkSNa anta ( Printed end ) vAlA hai| citra 4 meM peza kiyA haA tAmrapatra vi0saM0 1026 = 969 I0sa0 meM paramAra sIyaka dvArA diyA huA dAnapatrakA hai| isa AkRtike milane se spaSTa ho gayA hai ki I0sa0 969-970 meM paralI A~khako mukharekhAse bAhara dikhAnA zurU ho gayA thA, pravalita bhI ho gayA thA aura rAjamudrAmeM bho yaha zailI svIkRta ho gaI thii| ataH isa zailIkA AviSkAra I0sa0 150 aura 970 ke bIca meM hokara isakA sarvamAnya svIkAra pracAra ho cukA thA aisA mAnane meM hameM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / isa dAnapatrakA yaha patra abhI ahamadAbAdake zrIlAlabhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAlayameM saMgrahIta hai| isI zailIkA pracAra aura vikAsa hameM eka aura dAnapatrameM milA hai| vaha hai bhojadevakA bA~savADAkA dAnapatra jo vi0 saM0 1076 -- I0sa0 1019-20 meM diyA gyaa|2 vaha patrakI garuDamudrAko citra naM. 5 meM yahA~ peza kiyA hai| eka aura dAnapatra meM bhI isa mAru-gurjara zailIkI garuDAkRti milI hai| vaha hai bhopAlase milA huA mahAkumAra harizcandrakA dAnapatra jisake sampAdaka DaoN0 ena0 pI0 cakravartIne usako karIba I0sa0 1157 meM diyA gayA mAnA hai| isakA samaya jJAtAMgakI tADapatrIya pratimeM citrita sarasvatIkA samaya jaisA hotA hai / AkRti yahA~ para citra 6 meM peza kI hai| 1. DI0 bI0 DIsakalakara, ena oNr3a pleTa oNpha paramAra sIyaka, epi0 inDi0, jilda 19, pR0 177 se Age aura pleTa / 2. pro0 i0 hulUTajh, bA~savArA pleTs oNpha bhojadeva, epi0 inDi0, vaoN0 11, pR0 101 se Age aura pleTa / 3. ena0pI0 cakravartI, bhopAla pleTs oNpha mahAkumAra haricandradeva, epi0 inDi0, vaoN0 24, pR0 225 se Age aura pleT / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 9
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________________ umAkAnta zAhane apane banArasa orianTala kaoNnphrensake kalAvibhAgake adhyakSa padake vyAkhyAnameM kucha varSa pahale jaisalamerakI vi0saM0 1117 meM likhI huI odhaniyuktiko tAr3apatrIya pratike citroMko peza karake batAyA thA ki ina citroMkI zailI vaha mAru-gurjara ( jaina, vesTarna inDIana, rAjasthAnI, apabhraMza, gujarAtI Adi nAmoMse pukArI jAtI ) zailI nahIM hai aura vaha zailI gurjara-pratihAroMke samayameM sAre pazcima bhAratameM jo pracalita zailI thI usakA AkhirI svarUpa hai| yaha bAta ina citroMse spaSTa ho jAtI hai / kyoMki, usa jaisalamera ke odhaniyuktike citroMkI zailI aura citra 1 se 6 kI zailI spaSTa rUpase bhinna hai / 1. dekho, umAkAnta zAha, progresa oNpha sTaDijh ina phAina ATsa enDa Teknikala sAinsIjha, jarnala oNpha di orienTala insTITyUTa, bar3odA, vaoN0 18, aMka 1-2 kA pariziSTa, pR0 1-36, vizeSataH pR0 19, aura pleTs / 10 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ 1. pallU brahmANI mandira ke uttara-pazcima sthita zilpa 2. pallU gA~va meM sthita prAcIna zilpa 3. pallU gA~va ke ghara kI dIvAla meM banA prAcIna zilpa
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________________ A rtha PAN 4. vibhinna mudrA meM durgA (?) kI 3 mUrtiyA~ paricArikA yukta (pallU) zilpa kA 1 hissA 5. nohara (gaMgAnagara) dhyAnamudrA sthita lakSmI va nRtyamudrA yukta 6. pallU 1. stambha chatarI meM lakSmI alaMkRta (paricArikAyukta ubhaya pakSa meM) 2 natya-gIta rata nara nArI samha 7. pallU-dhanurdhara
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________________ pratimAbamAnI madira pallU sto/ 8. pallU-dAtA yA dvArapAla 9. brahmANI mAtA ke mandira sthita zve0 jaina pratimAe~ 1 padmAsana 1 khaDgAsana 10. pallU-stambha-toraNayukta prAcIna zilpa .