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________________ madhyakAlIna mAru-gurjara citrakalAke prAcIna pramANa DaoN0 umAkAnta premAnanda zAha madhyakAlIna pazcimabhAratIya citrakalA hameM laghu-citra (miriature paintings ) rUpameM, vizeSataH hastalikhita jaina granthoMmeM, milatI hai| usa kalAko pazcimabhAratIya citrakalA, apabhraMza zailI, gujarAtI citrakalA Adi nAmoMse bhinna-bhinna vidvAnoMne peza kI hai| kintu, jyAdA karake vaha pazcimabhAratIya citrakalA nAmase pahacAnI gaI hai / vaha kalA mukhyataH rAjasthAna aura gujarAtake jaina bhaMDAroMmeM aura rAjasthAna aura gujarAtameM likhI huI pratiyoMmeM milatI hai isalie maiM usako madhyakAlIna mAru-gurjara citrakalA nAmase pahacAnanA pasaMda karatA huuN| yaha zabda prayoga, jahA~ taka mujhe yAda hai, kavi zrI umAzaMkara jozIne gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnIkA mUla srotarUpa bhASA, jisako TesiTorIne Old Western Rajasthari kahI hai, usake lie prayukta kiyA thaa| vAstavameM prAcIna aura madhyayugameM gujarAta rAjasthAnakA bhASAkIya. kalAviSayaka aura anya sAMskRtika aikya rahA thaa| isalie bhI mAru-gurjara zabda prayoga jyAdA vAstavika lagatA hai| ___ isa citrazailIke viSayameM bahuta likhA.gayA hai| DaoN0 kumAra svAmI, DaoN0 brAuna, DaoN0 majamuMdAra, zrI0o0sI0 gAMgulI, DaoN. motIcandra, DaoN. baeNreTa, DaoN. silane, zrIkArla khaMDAlAvAlA Adi vidvAnoMke saMzodhana Adike pariNAmarUpa yaha bAta spaSTa huI thI ki isa zailIke jo upalabdha laghucitra haiM unameMse sabase prAcIna hai saMvat 1157 ( I0sa0 1100 ) meM bhRgukacchameM likhita vizIthacUNikI tADapatrIya prati jisameM patroMke bIcameM kamalaAdike suzobhana haiN| eka do golAkRti suzobhanoM ke bIca meM pazu (hAthI), naranArI Adi bhI haiN| kintu, I0sa0 1127 vi0saM0 1184 meM likhita jJAtA aura dUsare aMgasUtroMkI tADapatrIya prati (khaMbhAta ke zAntinAtha jaina bhaMDArameM surakSita ) meM do citra mile haiM jinase isa kalAkA vizeSa paricaya hotA hai| isameM prathama citra tIrthaMkara bhagavAnkA hai aura dUsarA sarasvatI yA zrutadevatA kaa| . karIba isI samayake bhitticitra uttarapradezake lalitapura jileke madanapura meM viSNumaMdirake maMDapameM mile haiN| vaha maMdira madana varmAke rAjyakAlameM I0sa0 1130 se 1165 ke bIca bnaa| citra bhI karIba isI samayake AsapAsa bane hoNge| ina citroMmeM paMcataMtrakI kathAke citra haiN|4 citroM meM yaho mAru-gurjara citrakalAkI vizeSatAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM / ilorAko kalAsamandiragahAke bhitticitroMmeM madhyake starameM garuDoparisthita viSNuke citrameM lambA noka 1. dekho, motIcandra, jaina miniecara peinTIngajh phraoNma vesTarna inDiyA, ( amadAbAda, 1949 ), pR0 28 29, citra naM0 14 / 2. vahI, citra naM. 15 / 3. vahI, citra naM0 16, pR0 28 / 4. sTelA kAmariza, e peinTeDa sIliMga, jarnala oNpha ye iNDIana sosAyaTI oNpha orienTala ArTa, vaoNlyuma, 7. pR0 176 aura citrapleTa / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 7
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________________ dAra ( Penrfed ) nAka Adi vizeSatAyeM spaSTa rUpase vikasita haiN| ataH I0sa0 8vIM sadI aura 11vIM sadIke bIca isa citrazailIkA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thA yaha nizcita hai| kintu, granthastha citrakalAke itane prAcIna anya pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiN| isa zailIke anya prAcIna pramANa, khAsataura para jisakA samaya nizcita hai aise pramANa kI khojameM DaoN0 maMjUlAla majamUMdArane eka nayI dizAkI ora hamArI dRSTi khIMcI hai| prAcIna tAmrapatrIya dAnapatroMrAjyazAsanoMmeM antameM kabhI-kabhI dAna denevAle rAjAkI rAjamudrAkA cihna rekhAkRti meM utkIrNa rUpase milatA hai| aise udAharaNoMmeM hameM raMgamilAvaTa aura citrAkRti vaividhya nahIM milatA, kintu rekhAMkanako paripATI, usa zailokI rekhAMkana vizeSatAkA pramANa mila jAtA hai| mArugurjara zailIkI jo vizeSatAyeM haiM unameM nokadAra nAka, arddhasanmukha mukhAkRtimeM dUsarI A~khako bhI dikhAnA ( farhor eye extended in space ) aura makhakI aura zarIrakI AkRtimeM vizeSataH koNAMkana ( angularitces ) dikhalAnA, Adi hameM aise tAmrapatroMke rekhAMkanoMmeM dRSTigocara ho sakate haiN| isa taraha DaoN. majamUMdArane do prAcIna zAsanoMkI ora nirdeza kiyA hai, jinameM eka hai paramAra rAjA vAkpati rAjakA saMvat 1031 = I0sa0 974 meM utkIrNa dAna zAsana jo ujjayanI nagarIse diyA gayA hai aura dUsarA hai paramAra bhojarAjakA zAsana jo saMvat 1.78 = I0sa0 1021 meM dhArA nagarIse diyA gayA hai jisameM nAgahradako pazcima pathakameM vIrANaka gA~va dAnameM diyA hai / ina donoMmeM paramAroMkI rAjamudrAkA cihna garuDAkRti utkIrNa hai, aura garuDake hAthameM sarpa hai| garuDako vegase AkAzameM vicaratA huA, manuSyAkRti aura sapakSa dikhAyA hai| yahA~ yaha donoM AkRti citra 1 aura citra 2 meM peza kI haiN| ina citroMse yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha citrakalA dazavIM sadI ke uttarArddha meM mAlava pradeza aura paramAroMke AdhIna pradeza meM pracalita ho cukI thii| isa dRSTise maiMne utkIrNa dAnapatroM kI ora khoja karanekA prayatna kiyA jinameM aise rAjacihna utkIrNa kiye hoN| isase aba hama nizcita rUpase kaha sakate haiM ki I0sa0 948 meM ( ata: dazavIM zatAbdIke madhyakAlameM ) isa zailIkA AviSkAra aura pracAra ho cukA thaa| saMbhavataH dazavIM zatAbdIke sAre pUrvArddha meM isa zailIkA honA mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki rAjamudrAmeM isakA AviSkAra honA taba hI ho sakatA hai jaba usako kalAkAroM aura kalAparIkSakoMne apanAyA ho / sAbArakAMThA jilA ( uttara gujarAta ) harasolA nAmaka prAcIna nagarake kisI brAhmaNake pAsase milA huA yaha zAsana harasolA pleTsa oNpha sIyaka isa nAmase rAyabahAdura ke0ena0 dIkSitajIne aura zrI0DI0bI0 DIsakAlakarane prasiddha kiyA thA. vaha zAsana sIyakane mahInadIke taTa para apane kaeNmpameMse nikAlA thA aura dAna meM isI pradezameM mohaDavAsaka ( hAlakA moDAsA ) ke pAsake gA~va diye gaye haiN| isa zAsanameM utkIrNa garuDAkRti mAlava yA gujarAtake kisI kAMsyakArane 1. motIcandra, vahI, pR0 11-12 aura citra naM0 4 / 2. DaoN0 ema0Ara0 majamuMdAra, gujarAta-iTsa ArTa-haeNriTeija, pleTa 1 aura pleTa 13 / ina donoM dAnapatrakI mUlaprasiddhike lie dekho, ena.je. kIrtane, zrImAlava inskrIpzansa, inDIana enTIkverI, vaoN0 6, pra0 49-54 aura pleTas, yahA~ para die hae citra naM0 1-2 isI citroMkI kaoNpIse sAbhAra uddhRta hai| 3. dekho, ke0ena0 dIkSita aura DI0bI0 DIsakAlakara, duharasolA pleTsa oNpha paramAra sIyaka, epigrAphiyA inDikA, jilda 19, pR0 236 se Age, aura pleTa / 8 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ utkIrNa kI hogI kyoMki mAlava ke rAjAne yaha zAsana zAsana meM dikhAI detI garuDAkRtikI kalA gujarAta aura - AkRti yahA~ citra 3 rUpase peza kI hai / savAcazma jaisI lagatI hai citra 3 kI garuDAkRti pUrI ekacazma nahIM hai| aura paralI A~kha hI 'dikhAI detI hai| gAla ( cheek ) nahIM kintu usakI aura mukhakI sImArekhAse aisI bAhara vaha paralI A~kha nahIM hai jitanI pichale samaya ke mAha gurjara citroMmeM milatI hai| ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki I0sa0 948 ke AsapAsa mukhakI sImArekhAke bAhara paralI AMsa lAnA agara zurU bhI huA ho, to phira bhI itanA praca lida, nA sarvamAnya nahIM huA thaa| vAstavameM jahA~ taka paralI A~khako sImArekhAse bAhara dikhAne kI bAta hai vahA~ taka to citra 1 meM batAyA huA I0sa0 974 meM khudA huA garuDa aura citra 3 ke garuDameM koI jyAdA bheda nahIM hai / kintu zarIra racanA aura mukhAkRti AdimeM savizeSa bheda hai| bAlaka jaisI AkRti manoza hai, sajIva to hai hI citra 1 ke garuDakI AkRti meM nAka jyAdA lambA aura tIkSNa anta ( Printed end ) vAlA hai / citra vAle garuDa kI angularites bar3ha gaI hai, gujarAtameM apane kaimpa meMse nikAlA thaa| ataH isa mAlavA donoM meM pracalita honekA sambhava hai / yaha citra 4 meM peza kiyA huA tAmrapatra vi0saM0 2026 969 I00 meM paramAra sIyaka dvArA diyA huA dAnapatrakA hai|" isa AkRtike milane se spaSTa ho gayA hai ki I0sa0 969-970 meM paralI A~khako mulavAse bAhara dikhAnA zurU ho gayA thA, pracalita bhI ho gayA thA aura rAjamudrAmai bho yaha zailI svIkRta ho gaI thii| ataH isa zailIkA AviSkAra I0sa0 950 aura 970 ke bIcameM hokara isakA sarvamAnya svIkAra pracAra ho cukA thA aisA mAnanemeM hameM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / isa dAnapatrakA yaha patra abhI ahamadAbAda ke zrIlAlabhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAlaya meM saMgRhIta hai / isI zailIkA pracAra aura vikAsa hameM eka aura dAnapatrameM milA hai| yaha hai bhojadevakA bAMsavADAkA dAnapatra jo vi0saM0 1076 I0sa0 1019-20 meM diyA gyaa| vaha patrakI garuDamudrAko citra naM0 5 meM yahA~ peza kiyA hai / - = eka aura dAnapatra meM bhI isa mAru-gurjara zailIkI garuDAkRti milI hai / vaha hai bhopAla se milA huA mahAkumAra harizcandrakA dAnapatra jisake sampAdaka DaoN0 ena0 pI0 cakravartIne usako karIba I0sa0 1157 meM diyA gayA mAnA hai| isakA samaya jJAtAMgako tAr3apatrIya pratimeM citrita sarasvatIkA samaya jaisA hotA hai| AkRti yahA~ para citra 6 meM peza kI haiN| 1. DI0bI0 DIsakalakara, ena oNDa pleTa oNpha paramAra sIyaka, epi0 inDi0, jilda 19, pR0 177 se Age aura pleTa / 2 2. pro0 i0 hulUTajha, bA~savArA pleTs oNpha bhojadeva, epi0 inDi0, vaoN0 11, pR0 101 se Age aura pleTa / 3. ena0pI0 cakravartI, bhopAla pleTs oNpha mahAkumAra haricandradeva, epi0 inDi0, vaoN0 24, pR0 225 se Age aura pleT / itihAsa aura purAtattva : 96
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________________ umAkAnta zAhane apane banArasa orianTala kaoNnphrensake kalAvibhAgake adhyakSa padake vyAkhyAnameM kucha varSa pahale jaisalamerakI vi0saM0 1117 meM likhI huI oghaniyuktikI tADapatrIya pratike citroMko peza karake batAyA thA ki ina citroMkI zailI vaha mAru-gurjara ( jaina, vesTarna inDIana, rAjasthAnI, apabhraMza, gujarAtI Adi nAmoMse pukArI jAtI ) zailI nahIM hai aura vaha zailI gurjara-pratihAroMke samayameM sAre pazcima bhAratameM jo pracalita zailI thI usakA AkhirI svarUpa hai| yaha bAta ina citroMse spaSTa ho jAtI hai| kyoMki, usa jaisalamera ke opaniyaktike citroMkI zailI aura citra 1 se 6 kI zailI spaSTa rUpase bhinna hai| 1. dekho, umAkAnta zAha, progresa oNpha sTaDijh ina phAina ATsa enDa Teknikala sAinsIjha, jarnala oNpha di orienTala insTITyUTa, bar3odA, vaoN0 18, aMka 1-2 kA pariziSTa, pR0 1-36, vizeSataH pR0 19, aura pleTs / 10 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ 1. pallU brahmANI mandira ke uttara-pazcima sthita zilpa 2. pallU gA~va meM sthita prAcIna zilpa 3. pallU gA~va ke ghara kI dIvAla meM banA prAcIna zilpa
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________________ EM 4. vibhinna mudrA meM durgA (?) kI 3 mUrtiyA~ paricArikA yukta (pallU) zilpa kA hissA lakSmI va nRtyamudrA yukta 6. pallU 1. stambha chatarI meM lakSmI alaMkRta (paricArikAyukta ubhaya pakSa meM) 2 nRtya-gIta rata nara nArI samUha 7. pallU-dhanurdhara
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________________ pratimAkhaTalAgI madira pallU 8. pallU-dAtA yA dvArapAla 9. brahmANI mAtA ke mandira sthita zve0 jaina pratimAe~ 1 padmAsana 1 khaDgAsana 10. pallU-stambha-toraNayukta prAcIna zilpa e