Leshya Vichar

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229057/1

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111 lezyA vicAra bauddha-piTakoM tathA jaina-granthoM ko par3hanevAlA sAmAnya abhyAsI kevala yahI jAna pAtA hai ki nirgrantha-paraMparA hI tapa ko nirjarA kA sAdhana mAnanevAlI hai parantu vAstava meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / jaba hama sAMkhya-yoga-paraMparA ko dekhate haiM taba mAlUma par3atA hai ki yoga-paraMparA bhI nirjarA ke sAdhana rUpa se tapa para utanA hI bhAra detI AI hai jitanA bhAra nirgrantha-paraMparA usa para detI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki upalabdha yoga-sUtra ke racayitA pataMjali ne anya sAdhanoM ke sAtha tapa ko bhI kriyA-yoga rUpa se ginAyA hai (2-1) itanA hI nahIM balki pataJjali ne kriyA-yoga meM tapa ko hI prathama sthAna diyA hai| isa sUtra kA bhASya karate hue vyAsa ne sAMkhya-yogya-paraMparA kA pUrA abhiprAya pragaTa kara diyA hai| vyAsa kahate haiM ki jo yogI tapasvI nahIM hotA vaha purAnI citra-vicitra karma-bAsAnAoM ke jAla ko tor3a nahIM sktaa| vyAsa kA purAnI vAsanAoM ke bhedaka rUpa se tapa kA varNana aura nigraMtha-paraMparA kA purANa karmoM kI nirjarA ke sAdhana rUpa se tapa kA nirUpaNa-ye donoM zramaNa-paraMparA kI tapa saMbandhI prAcInatama mAnyatA kA vAstavika svarUpa pragaTa karate haiM / buddha ko chor3akara sabhI zramaNa-paraMparAoM ne tapa kA ati mahattva svIkAra kiyA hai| isase hama yaha bhI samajha sakate haiM ki ye paraMparAe~ zramaNa kyoM kahalAI? mUlaka meM zramaNa kA artha hI tapa karanevAlA hai| jarmana vidvAn vinTaranits ThIka kahatA hai ki zrAmaNika-sAhitya vaidika-sAhitya se bhI purAnA hai jo jude jude rUpoM meM mahAbhArata, jainAgama tathA bauddha-piTakoM meM surakSita hai / merA nijI vicAra hai ki sAMkhyayoga-paraMparA apane vizAla tathA mUla artha meM sabhI zramaNa-zAkhAoM kA saMgraha kara letI hai / zramaNa-paraMparA ke tapa kA bhAratIya-jIvana para itanA adhika prabhAva par3A hai ki vaha kisI bhI prAnta meM, kisI bhI jAti meM aura kisI bhI phirake meM saralatA se dekhA jA sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha tapa kA prativAda karate hue bhI 'tapa' zabda ko chor3a na ske| unhoMne kevala usa zabda kA artha bhara apane abhiprAyAnukUla kiyA hai| (6) lezyA-vicAra vaidika-paraMparA meM cAra varNoM kI mAnyatA dhIre-dhIre janma ke AdhAra para sthira ho gaI thii| jaba vaha mAnyatA itanI sakhta ho gaI ki Antarika yogyatA rakhatA huA bhI eka varNa kA vyakti anya varNa meM yA anya varNayogya dharmakArya meM praviSTa

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112 jaina dharma aura darzana ho nahIM sakatA thA / taba janmasiddha cAra varNoM kI mAnyatA ke viruddha guNakarmasiddha cAra varNa kI mAnyatA kA upadeza va pracAra zramaNa varga ne bar3e joroM se kiyA, yaha bAta itihAsa prasiddha hai| buddha aura mahAvIra donoM kahate haiM ki janma se na koI brAhmaNa hai, na kSatriya hai, na vaizya hai, na zUdra hai | brAhmaNAdi cAroM karma se hI mAne jAne cAhie ityAdi / zramaNa-dharma ke puraskartAoM ne brAhmaNa-paraMparA pracalita caturvidha varNa-vibhAga ko guNa-karma ke AdhAra para sthApita to kiyA para ve itane mAtra se saMtuSTa na hue| acche-bure guNa-karma kI bhI aneka kakSAe~ hotI haiN| isalie tadanusAra bhI manuSya jAti kA vargIkaraNa karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| zramaNaparaMparA ke nAyakoM ne kabhI aisA vargIkaraNa kiyA bhI hai| pahale kisane kiyA so to mAlUma nahIM par3atA para bauddha-granthoM meM do nAmoM ke sAtha aise vargIkaraNa kI carcA aAtI hai / 'dIdha-nikAya meM AjIvaka maMkhali gozAlaka ke nAma ke sAtha aise vargIkaraNa ko chaH abhijAti rUpa se nirdiSTa kiyA hai, jaba ki aMguttara nikAya meM puraNakassA ke mantavya rUpa se aise vargIkaraNa kA cha: abhijAti rUpa se kathana hai 2 / ye chaH abhijAtiyAM athavA manuSyajAti ke karmAnusAra kakSAe~ isa prakAra haiM-kRSNa, nIla, lohita-rakta, haridra-pIta, zukla, parama zukla / ina chaH prakAroM meM sArI manuSyajAti kA acche-bure karma kI tIvratA-mandatA ke anusAra samAveza kara diyA hai| AjIvaka paraMparA aura puraNakassapa kI paraMparA ke nAma se uparyukta chaH abhijAtiyoM kA nirdeza to bauddha-grantha meM AtA hai para usa viSayaka nimrantha-paraMparA saMbandhI mantavya kA koI nirdeza bauddha-grantha meM nahIM hai jaba ki purAne se purAne jaina granthoM meM 3 nigrantha-paraMparA kA mantavya surakSita hai| nirgrantha-paraMparA chaH abhijAtiyoM ko lezyA zabda se vyavahRta karatI AI hai| vaha kRSNa, nIla, kApota, teja, padma aura zukla aisI chaH lezyAoM ko mAna kara unameM kevala manuSyajAti kA hI nahIM balki samagra prANI jAti kA guNa-karmAnusAra samAveza karatI hai / lezyA kA artha hai vicAra, adhyavasAya va pariNAma / kara aura karatama vicAra kRSNa lezyA hai aura zubha aura zubhatara vicAra zukla lezyA haiM / vIca kI lezyAe~ vicAragata azubhatA aura zubhatA kA vividha mizraNa mAtra hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana 25.33 / dhammapada 26. 11 / suntanipAta 7.21 2. aMguttara nikAya vol. III p.35:, 3. bhagavatI 1. 2.23 / uttarAdhyayana a0 34 //

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lezyA vicAra __ buddha ne puraNakassapa kI chaH abhijAtiyoM kA varNana aAnanda se sunakara kahA hai ki maiM chaH abhijAtiyoM ko to mAnatA hU~ para merA mantavya dUsaroM se judA hai / aisA kaha karake unhoMne kRSNa aura zukla aise do bhedoM meM manuSyajAti ko vibhAjita kiyA hai / kRSNa arthAt nIca, daridra, durbhaga aura zukla arthAt ucca, sampanna, subhaga / aura pIche kRSNa prakAra vAle manuSyoM ko tathA zukla prakAra vAle manuSyoM ko tIna-tIna vibhAgoM meM karmAnusAra bAMTA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki raMga-varNa kRSNa ho yA zukla donoM meM acche bure guNa-karma vAle pAe jAte haiN| jo bila. kula krUra haiM ve kRSNa haiM, jo acche karma vAle haiM ve zukla haiM aura jo acche-bure se pare haiM ve azukla-akRSNa haiM | buddha ne acche bure karmAnusAra chaH prakAra to mAna lie para unakI vyAkhyA kucha purAnI paraMparA se alaga kI hai jaisI ki yogazAstra meM pAI jAtI hai| jaina-granthoM meM Upara varNita chaH lezyAoM kA varNana to hai hI jo ki zrAjIvaka aura puraNakassapa ke mantavyoM ke sAtha vizeSa sAmya rakhatA hai para sAtha hI buddha ke vargIkaraNa se yA yoga-zAstra ke vargIkaraNa se milatA-julatA dUsarA vargIkaraNa bhI jaina-granthoM meM zrAtA hai / ' ___ uparyukta carcA ke Upara se hama nizcayapUrvaka isa natIje para nahIM pA sakate ki lezyAoM kA maMtavya nirgrantha-paraMparA meM bahuta purAnA hogaa| para kevala jainagranthoM ke AdhAra para vicAra kareM aura unameM AnevAlI dravya tathA bhAva lezyA kI aneka vidhi prarUpaNAoM ko dekheM to hameM yaha mAnane ke lie bAdhita honA par3atA hai ki bhale hI eka yA dUsare kAraNa se nirgrantha-sammata lezyAoM kA vargIkaraNa bauddha-granthoM meM AyA na ho para nirgrantha-paraMparA AjIvaka aura puraNakassapa kI taraha apane DhaMga se guNa karmAnusAra chaH prakAra kA vargIkaraNa mAnatI thii| yaha sambhava hai ki nirgrantha-paramparA kI purAnI lezyA viSayaka mAnyatA kA agale lezyA jo bhAva lezyA kahI jAtI hai usakA saMbandha dravyalezyA ke sAtha pIche se jor3A gayA ho; jaisA ki bhAva-karma kA saMbandha dravyakarma ke sAtha jor3A jAtA hai / aura yaha bhI sambhava hai ki AjIvaka Adi anya purAnI zramaNa-paraMparAoM kI chaH abhijAti viSayaka mAnyatA ko mahAvIra ne yA anya nirgranthoM ne apanA kara lezyArUpa se pratipAdita kiyA ho aura usakA kucha parivartana aura usakA kucha zAbdika parivartana evaM artha vikAsa bhI kiyA ho| 1. bhagavatI 26. 1. / yogazAstra 4.7.