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________________ kyA boTika digambara haiM ? dalasukha mAlavaNiyA sarvaprathama yahA~ 'digambara' zabda ke prayoga se kyA abhipreta hai ? yaha batAnA Avazyaka hai| 'digambara' zabda kA sAmAnya artha 'nagna' hotA hai| yaha sAmAnya artha yahA~ abhipreta nahIM, apitu vizeSa artha 'digambara-sampradAya' abhipreta hai| jisakI mukhya mAnyatA hai ki muni ko vastra kA, pAtra kA sarvathA tyAga kara nagna rahanA cAhie aura isI mAnyatA kA phalita hai ki kyoMki AryA vastrarahita ho nahIM sakatI, ataeva strI kI mukti nahIM hotii| taduparAnta kevalI ke kavalAhAra kA niSedha Adi anya mAnyatAe~ bhI digambara-sampradAya meM AI haiM / prastuta prasaGga meM itanA samajha lenA paryApta hai| to aba parIkSA kI jAya ki jisa boTika-sampradAya yA nihnava kA zvetAmbara ke prAcIna grantha AvazyakasUtra kI TIkA Adi meM ullekha hai, kyA vaha digambara hai ? Avazyaka ke mUla bhASya meM gAthA 145 se 148 taka meM sarvaprathama boTika kA ullekha AyA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai chavvAsasayAiM navuttarAI taiyA siddhigayassa vIrassa / to boDiyANa diTThI rahavIrapure samuppaNNA / / rahavIrapuraM nayaraM dIvagamujjANa majjakaNhe ya / sivabhUissuvahiMmi ya pucchA therANa kahaNA ya // UhAe paNNattaM boDiyasivabhUiuttarAhi imaM / micchAdasaNamiNamo rahavIrapure samuppaNNaM / / boDiyasivabhUIo boDiyaliMgassa hoi uppattI / koDiNNa-koTTavIrA paraMparAphAsamuppaNNA' // Avazyaka-niyukti ke mata se to vardhamAna ke tIrtha meM sAta hI nihnava the, aisA niryakti gAthA 998 aura ukta bhASya gAthAoM ke bAda Ane vAlI niyukti gAthA 984 se bhI spaSTa hotA hai / ataeva mUlabhASyakAra ne boTika mata kA nirdeza sarvaprathama kiyA hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| AcArya haribhadra AvazyakaTIkA meM uparyukta gAthA 146-147 ko saMgraha gAthA ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa karate haiN| 145vIM gAthA ko mudrita prati meM bhASya gAthA mAnA gayA hai / punaH haribhadra ne gAthA 147 evaM 148 ko mUla bhASya kI gAthA batAI hai / tAtparya yaha huA ki gAthA 147 ko unhoMne saMgraha gAthA kahA aura mUlabhASya ko bhI gAthA btaayaa| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki unake mata meM saMgraha aura mUla bhASya eka hI hogA / AvazyakacUrNi meM ina gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA karate samaya cUrNikAra ne koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA hai ki ye gAthAe~ niyukti kI haiM yA anyatra se AyI haiN| kintu itanA to spaSTa hai ki ye 1. AvazyakaTIkA-haribhadrakRta, pR0 323 /
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________________ kyA boTika digambara haiM ? 69 gAthAe~ mUla niryukti ko nahIM ho sakatIM, kyoMki niyukti meM bAra-bAra sAta nihnavoM kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jisameM boTika kA samAveza nahIM hai / Avazyakaniryukti evaM Avazyaka mUlabhASya ke isa antara kA spaSTIkaraNa karane kA prayatna AcArya haribhadra ne apanI TIkA meM kiyA hai / vizeSAvazyaka meM bhI ye gAthAe~ isI rUpa meM milatI haiM, kintu isa mata ke vivaraNa meM, jo vizeSAvazyaka meM vistAra karane vAlI gAthAe~ haiM, unakA koI nirdeza AvazyakacUrNi meM nahIM hai / ataeva yaha pratIta hotA hai ki mUlabhASya vizeSAvazyakabhASya se pRthak thA / sambhava hai ki vizeSAvazyaka meM jo 'vizeSa' zabda hai, vaha mUlabhASya se pRthakkaraNa ke lie prayukta hai / prastuta bhASya-gAthAoM meM boTika ke mantavya ko diTThI ( dRSTi ) aura micchAdaMsaNa ( mithyA darzana ) kahA hai aura usakI utpatti ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda 609 varSa vyatIta hone para huI, yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai / yaha mithyAdarzana Arya kaNha ( kRSNa ) ke ziSya zivabhUti ne zurU kiyA hai aura unake do ziSya hue- koDiNNa ( kauNDinya ) aura koTTavIra, usake bAda paramparA calI / mUlagAthAoM meM ise diTThI yA micchAdaMsaNa kahA hai, kintu TIkAkAroM ne ise nihnava kahA hai tathA anya nihnoM se isa nihnava kA jo bheda hai, use batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| anya nihnavoM se isakA antara spaSTa karane ke pUrva boTika zabda ke artha ko dekhA jAya "boTika zvAsau cAritravikalatayA muNDamAtratvena " arthAt ve nagna the, itanA to spaSTa hotA hai / 'cAritra vikala' jo kahA gayA hai, vaha sAmpradAyika abhiniveza hai / AvazyakacUrNi meM sAta nihnavoM ko 'desavisaMvAdI' kahA hai, jabaki boTika ko 'pamUtataravisaMvAdI' kahA hai / kintu sAmpradAyika vyAmoha bar3hane ke sAtha boTika ke lie koTyAcArya ne vizeSAvazyaka kI gAthA 3052 kI TIkA meM use 'sarvavisaMvAdI' kaha diyA hai| AcArya haribhadra apanI Avazyaka vRtti meM boTika ko 'prabhUtavisaMvAdI' kahate haiM, jo cUrNa kA anusaraNa hai / vizeSAvazyaka TIkAkAra hemacandra ne koTyAcArya kA anusaraNa karake boTika ko 'sarvavisaMvAdI' kahA hai / itane se santuSTa na hokara unhoMne use 'sarvApalApa' karane vAlA bhI kaha diyA hai" / nizItha bhASya meM sabhI nihnavoM ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki ye 'buggai vakkena' haiMgAthA 5696 aura nizIthacUrNi meM 'vaggaha' kA artha diyA hai - " vuggaho tti kalaho tti vA bhaMDaNaM ti vA vivAdotti vA egaTThara / uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM zAkyAcArya ne cUrNi kA anusaraNa 'karake boTika ko 'bahuta ravisaMvAdI' kahA hai / pUrvokta bhASya-gAthAoM meM to itanI hI sUcanA hai ki zivabhUti ko upadhi ke viSaya meM prazna thA / isa prazna kA vivaraNa bhASya meM upalabdha nahIM / isa vivaraNa ke lie hamAre samakSa sarvaprathama jinabhadra 1. uttarAdhyayana kI zAkyAcArya TIkA, pR0 181 / 2. Avazyaka cUgi, pR0 145 ( bhAga 1 ) 3. Avazyaka vRtti, pR0 323 / 4. vizeSAvazyaka, gAthA 2550 / 5. vahI, gAthA 2303 / 6. nizIthacUrNi gAthA 5595 / 7. uttarAdhyayana TIkA, pR0 179 /
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________________ dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya hai| usameM AvazyakacUrNigata zivabhUti kA koI paricaya nahIM hai, kevala unakI upadhi ke viSaya meM guru ke sAtha huI carcA kA vivaraNa hai| isase itanA spaSTa hotA hai ki kathA ke tantu kI sampUrti Avazyaka cUrNi meM kI gaI hai / hameM yahA~ kathA se koI matalaba nahIM hai, kintu guru ke sAtha unakI jo carcA huI, usI se hai / nimna bAteM AvazyakacUrNi se phalita hotI haiM, jo zivabhUti ko mAnya thIM 1. jinakalpa kA viccheda jo mAnA gayA thA, use zivabhUti asvIkAra karate haiM / 2. upadhi-parigraha kA tyAga aura acelatA kA svIkAra, arthAt vastra Adi kisI prakAra kI upadhi ko ve parigraha mAnate the / ataeva ve nagna rahate the| 3. unakI bahana uttarA ne bhI prathama to vastra kA tyAga kiyA, kintu gaNikA dvArA diyA gayA vastra vaha rakhe, kyoMki vaha deva kA diyA huA hai-aisA mAnakara aisI anumati zivabhUti ne dii| ataeva unake saMgha meM AryAe~-sAdhviyA~ vastra rakha sakatI thIM--aisA phalita hotA hai| 4. sAdhvI jaba vastra rakha sakatI thI to strI-nirvANa ke niSedha ko carcA ko koI avakAza hI nahIM thaa| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM zivabhUti kI guru ke sAtha jo carcA huI, usakA vistRta vivaraNa hai| usa vivaraNa ke AdhAra para nimna bAteM zivabhUti ke viSaya meM kahI jA sakatI haiM 1. samartha ke lie jinakalpa kA viccheda nahIM mAnanA caahie| 2. jinendra acela the, ataeva muni ko bhI unakA anusaraNa karanA caahie| 3. muni ko acela paroSaha jItanA jarUrI hai, ataeva nagna rahanA Avazyaka hai| vastrAdi parigraha kaSAya ke hetu haiM, ataeva parigraha kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| nirgrantha kA granthahIna honA jarUrI hai| 4. Agama ko vaha mAnatA thA / AcArAMGga ke sUtra ko 'ubhayasammata' kahA hai / phira bhI usakI bAta ko mAnA nahIM hai / 5. pAtra kI AvazyakatA bhI asvIkRta hai| 6. acela kA artha alpacela bhI ise mAnya nahIM hai| 7. acelaka hote hue bhI tIrthaMkara dIkSA ke samaya vastradhArI hote the, kyoMki yaha dikhAnA thA ki sAdhu vastradhArI bhI ho sakate the-yaha tarka bhI zivabhUti ko mAnya nahIM thaa| 8. sAdhvI ko eka vastra kI chUTa thii| vizeSAvazyaka kI vistRta carcA meM vivAda ke viSaya kevala vastra aura pAtra haiN| isameM strI-mukti niSedha kI carcA nahIM hai| digambara-sampradAya meM vastra-pAtra ke alAvA strI-mukti kA bhI niSedha hai| ataeva jinabhadra taka ke samaya meM boTika ko digambara-sampradAya ke antargata nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 1. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 3032-92 / 2. AvazyakacUrNi, pR0 427 / 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 3036 / 4. AcArAGga, satra 134 / 5. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 3054 / 6. vahI, gAthA 3062 /
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________________ kyA boTika digambara haiM ? yahA~ eka spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai| mudrita AvazyakacUNi meM jitane aMza meM boTika kI carcA hai, usake mAjina meM 'digambarotpatti' chapA hai| kintu vaha sampAdaka kA bhrama hai| kyoMki cUrNi meM bhI boTika kI carcA meM kahIM bhI strI-mukti kI carcA ko sthAna milA nahIM hai| ataeva boTika aura digambara meM bheda karanA jarUrI hai, isIlie boTika kI utpatti kA jo samaya hai, vaha digambarotpatti yA zvetAmbara-digambara-pRthakkaraNa kA nahIM ho sktaa| yahA~ yaha bhI batA denA jarUrI hai ki vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthA 2609 kI TIkA meM boTika-carcA kA hemacandra ne upasaGhAra karate hue 'strI-mukti' kI carcA ke lie uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsaveM adhyayana kI TIkA ko dekha lene ko kahA hai| vaha bhI unake mata meM boTika aura digambara-sampradAya ko eka mAnane ke bhrama ke kAraNa hai| jaba mUla meM strI-nirvANa-carcA kI koI sUcanA hI nahIM hai. taba usa carcA ko yahA~ AnA ucita nahIM hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki Age calakara yaha bhrama zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM phailA hai ki digambara = nagna hone ke kAraNa boTika bhI digambara-sampradAya hai| yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA jarUrI hai ki boTika kI carcA meM jinabhadra ne kahIM bhI digambara zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| vastra ke lie cela aura nagna ke lie acela zabda kA prayoga hai| bAhya liGga ke viSaya meM aura boTika ke viSaya meM AcArya abhayadeva ke mata kA yahA~ nirdeza jarUrI hai sthAnAGga mUla meM pATha hai__ "cattAri pUrisa jAyA pannattA taM jahA-rUvaM nAma ege jahati, no dhamma; dhamma nAma ege jahati, na rUvaM, ege rUvaM vi jahati, dhammaM vi; ege no rUvaM jahati, no dhmmN"| usakI TIkA meM abhayadeva ne likhA hai-"rUpaM sAdhunepathyaM jahAti tyajati kAraNavazAt, na dharmaM cAritralakSaNaM, boTikamadhyasthitamunivat; anyastu dharma na rUpam, nihnvvt"| isase itanA to spaSTa hotA hai ki abhayadeva ke matAnusAra boTikoM ke bIca kucha muni aise the, jinakA bAhya liGga to zvetAmbaroM ke anukUla nahIM thA, kintu muni-bhAva yathArtha thaa| nihnava aura zvetAmbaroM meM bheda yaha hai ki nihnavoM ne bAhya veza to tatkAla meM pracalita hI rakhA thA, kintu mAnyatA meM bheda kiyA thaa| kintu AcArya jinabhadra ne, jo abhayadeva se pUrvakAlIna haiM, likhA hai-"bhinnamaya-liMgacariyA micchadiTTitti boddiyaa'bhimyaa"| isakI TIkA meM hemacandra ne likhA hai-"mataM ca liGgaM ca bhikSAgrahaNAdiviSayA caryA ca mataliGgacaryAH, bhinnA mataliGgacaryA yeSAM te tathAbhUtAH santo boTikA mithyaadRssttyo'bhimtaaH|"4 yahA~ sAmAnya rUpa se boTikoM ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki unakA mata, liGga aura AcaraNa bhinna hai aura ye mithyAdRSTi haiN| jabaki abhayadeva ne udAratA se vicAra kiyA hai ki veza kaisA 1. sthAnAGga, satra 320, pR0 239 / 2. vahI, TIkA, pR0 241 / 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 2620 / 4. vahI, gAthA 2620, pR0 1044 /
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________________ dalasukha mAlavaNiyA bhI ho, bAhyAcAra kaisA bhI ho, yathArtha rUpa se koI muni ho sakatA hai| ___ Avazyaka kI TIkA meM haribhadra ne boTika sahita sabhI nihnavoM ko mithyAdRSTi kahA hai"nihnavo mithyAdRSTiH", sAtha hI anya kisI kA mata dekara kahA hai ki 'anye tu dravyaliGgatopi bhinnA boTikAkhyA iti / "1 / sArAMza yaha hai ki boTika bAhya veza kI apekSA se bhI bhinna haiM arthAt ve nagna rahate the| ataeva matabheda ke alAvA bAhyaveza se bhI ve bhinna hue| vizeSAvazyaka meM liGga-bheda kI bAta to AcArya ne kahI, kintu samagra carcA se itanA ho spaSTa hotA hai ki boTikoM ne vastra aura pAtra kA tyAga kiyaa| vezAntara meM rajoharaNa ke sthAna meM picchI kA grahaNa kiyA yA nahIM-isa viSaya kI koI carcA nahIM miltii| yadi picchI kA grahaNa kiyA hotA, to AcArya jinabhadra apanI carcA meM use bhI parigraha kyoM na mAnA jAya-yaha prazna avazya utthaate| aisA na karake unhoMne yadi vastra parigraha hai, to zarIra ko bhI parigraha kyoM nahIM mAnate-ityAdi jo dalIleM dI haiM, vaha picchI kI carcA ke bAda hI dete| isase patA calatA hai ki picchI kA upayoga prArambha meM boTikoM ne kiyA nahIM thaa| rajoharaNa kA prayoga ve karate the yA nahIM yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA, kintu yadi karate hote to vaha parigraha kyoM nahIM- aisI carcA bhI jinabhadra avazya karate / / AcArAGga-cUNi meM eka vAkya boTika kI upadhi ke viSaya meM AtA hai, usakA artha spaSTa nahIM hotaa| kintu tadgata kuccaga-kaDa se tAtparya kUcA (piccha) aura kaTa arthAt sAdaDI (caTAI) se ho, to Azcarya nahIM-pATha hai-"jahA boDieNa dhamma kuccaga-kaDa-sAgarAdi secchayA gahitA / " boTika pAtra nahIM rakhate the, ataeva jahA~ bhikSArtha jAte the, vahIM bhojana kara lete the"asaNAdI vA (3) tattheva bhuMjati jahA boDiya" aura unakI bhojana-vidhi kyA thI, use bhI batAyA hai ki ve "pANipuDabhoiNo" arthAt hasta-puTa-bhojI the- "teNa je ime sarIramattapariggahA pANipuDabhoiNo te NAma apariggahA, taM jahA uDDaMDagaboDiyAsArakkhamAdi / "4 yahA~ uDDaMDa kA artha hai-tApasa aura sArakkha kA artha hai-AjIvaka / AcArya zIlAGka ne boTikoM ke upakaraNoM kI carcA karate hue unake upakaraNoM kI tAlikA dI hai- "kuNDikA-taTTikA-lambaNikA-azvavAladhivAlAdi / '6 zurU meM zAyada itane upakaraNa boTika rakhate nahIM hoMge, kintu zIlAGka ke samaya taka upakaraNoM kI vRddhi huI hogii| azvavAlAdi se rajoharaNa kA bodha hotA hai| ___ zIlAGka ne sarajaska = AjIvaka aura boTika-donoM ko jo digambara kahA hai, vaha sampradAya kA sUcaka nahIM hai, kintu nagnatA kA-"yadyevaM alpenApi parigraheNa -parigrahavatvaM ataH pANipuTabhojino digambarAH sarajaska-boTikAdiyo'parigrahAH syuH, teSAM tadabhAvAt / '' 1. Avazyaka TIkA, pR0 311 / / 2. AcArAGga cUrNi, pR0 82 / 3. vahI, pR0 336 / 4. vahI, pR0 169 / 5. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra : kalyANavijayakRta, pR0 280 / 6. AcArAGga, zIlAGka TIkA, pR0 135 / 7. vahI, pR0 207 /
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________________ kyA boTika digambara haiM ? 73 zIlAGka ne anyatra picchaka kA ullekha kiyA bhI hai-'boTikAnAmapi picchakAdiparigrahAt / ' boTikoM ke upakaraNa kI carcA, jo vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke bAda huI hai, vaha sambhavataH digambara aura boTika kA bheda na karake huI hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki kAlakrama se boTikoM kA ho rUpAntara digambara-sampradAya meM hai isa samagra carcA se itanA to spaSTa hotA hI hai ki boTika mUlataH digambara nahIM the, kyoMki strI-mukti ke niSedha ko carcA hameM sarvaprathama AcArya kundakunda meM milatI hai| yadyapi unakA samaya vivAdAspada hai, phira bhI merA apanA yaha nizcita mata hai ki AcArya kundakunda AcArya umAsvAti ke pUrva nahIM hue haiN| isako siddha karane kA prayatna maiMne apanI nyAyAvatAra vRtti kI prastAvanA meM donoM AcAryoM ke jaina darzana sambandhI mantavyoM kI tulanA karake kiyA hai| isa samagra carcA se do phalita nikalate haiM-prathama to yaha ki zvetAmbara granthoM meM boTika nAma se jisa sampradAya kA ullekha huA hai, vaha digambara-sampradAya se bhinna hai aura jise anyatra yApanIya ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| dUsare digambara-sampradAya, jo strI-mukti kA niSedha karatA hai, vaha yA to boTikoM kA hI paravartI vikAsa hai, yA phira usase prArambhika zvetAmbara AcArya paricita nahIM the| kyoMki prAcIna niyuktiyoM evaM bhASyoM se aisI mAnyatA kI upasthiti ke na to koI saMketa hI milate haiM aura na usake khaNDana kA hI koI prayAsa dekhA jAtA hai| 8, operA sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda-380007 1. AcArAGga, zIlAGka TIkA, pR0 207 / sandarbha-sUcI 1. Avazyaka cUrNi : prakA0 RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI, ratalAma, bhAga-1, 1924; bhAga-2 / 2. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : bhAga-2, lA0 da0 granthamAlA, 1964 / 3. zvetAmbara-digambara : munidarzanavijaya, 1943 / 4. nizIthasUtra :: bhAga-4, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1960 / 5. Avazyaka sUtra : haribhadra TIkA, Agamodaya samiti, 1915 / 6. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya hemacandra TIkA, yazovijaya granthamAlA, banArasa, vIra saM0 2439 / 7. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : koTyAcArya TIkA, bhAga-2, RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI, ratalAma, 1937 / 8. uttarAdhyayana : zAkyAcArya TIkA, devacandralAla bhAI, 1916 / 9. sthAnAGgasUtra : abhayadeva TIkA, Agamodaya samiti, 1915 / 10. AcArAGga cUrNi : RSabhadeva kesarImalajI, 1941 / 11. AcArAGga : zIlAGka TIkA, Agamodaya samiti / 12. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra : kalyANavijayajI, zrI0 ka0 vi0 zAstrasaMgraha samiti, jAlora, vi0 saM0 1998 / gIlAla