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________________ kharataragaccha ke sAhityasarjaka zrAvakagaNa [lekhaka-agaracanda nAhaTA ] jainadharma mahAn tIrthaGkaroM kI eka sAdhanA paramparA hai| rudrapallIya zAkhA ke somatilakasUri racita samyaktva saptasAdhu-sAdhvI-zrAvaka-zrAvikA caturvidha saMgha-tIrtha kI tikA vRtti ke anusAra gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke suprasiddha sthApanA tIrthaGkara karate haiN| sAdhanA ke do mukhya mArga tilakamaMjarI nAmaka apratima kathA grantha ke praNetA mahAkavi unhoMne batalAye haiM, aNagAra dharma aura sAgAra dharma / sAdhu- dhanapAla ke pitA jinezvarasUri ke mitra the aura dhanapAla ke sAdhvI aNagAra dharma kA va zrAvaka zrAvikA AgAra dharma bhrAtA zobhana (caturvizati ke praNetA) jinezvarasUri ke ziSya kA pAlana karate haiM arthAt sAdhu-sAdhvI pacamahAvratadhArI the| isa pravAda ke anusAra kharataragaccha ke prathama zrAvaka hote hai aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA samyaktva tathA bAraha vratoM ke kavi dhanapAla mAne jA sakate haiN| mahAkavi dhanapAla kI dhAraka hote haiM / sAdhu-sAdhvI kI AvazyakatAe sImita tilakamaMjarI ke atirikta RSabhapaMcAzikA, saccaurIya mahAhone se unakA adhikAMza samaya svAdhyAya dhyAna aura tapa saMyama vIra utsAha, jinapUjA va zrAvaka-vidhi prakaraNa Adi racameM vyatIta hotA hai ata: unheM apanI jJAna-vRddhi, sAdhu- nAe prApta hai / prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza tInoM bhASAoM sAdhviyoM ko vAcanA pradAna, zrAvaka-zrAvikAdi bhavyoM ko meM prApta ye racanAeM prakAzita ho nako haiM / dharmopadeza deneke sAtha-sAtha grantha-nirmANa aura lekhana ke lie zrIjinadattasUrijI ke ullekhAnusAra zrIjina0llabhakAphI samaya mila jAtA isalie adhikAMza jainasAhitya sUrijI kAlIdAsa ke sadRza viziSTa kavi the| unake bhakta jainAcAryoM va muniyoM dvArA racita prApta hai / para zrAvaka nAgora nivAsI dhanadeva zrAvaka ke putra padmAnaMda saskRta bhASA samAja apanI AjIvikA va gRha-vyApAra meM adhika vyasta ke acche kavi the| unake racita vairAgya zataka prakAzita rahatA hai isalie unake racita sAhitya alpa parimANa meM ho cukA hai| prApta hotA hai| kharataragaccha meM bhI AcAryoM va muniyoM kA jitanA vizAla sAhitya upalabdha hai, usake anupAta meM zrIjinadattasUrijI ke zrAvaka palhakavi racita jinadattazrAvakoM kA racita sAhitya bahuta hI kama hai| phira bhI sUri stuti kI tADapatrIya prati jesalamera bhaMDAra meM prApta samaya-samaya para jina vidvAna eva kavi zrAvakoM ne prAkRta, hai / yaha stuti hamAre 'aitihAsika jainakAvya-saMgraha meM prakAsaMskRta, apabhraMza rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI-hindI Adi meM jo zita hai| jinadattasUrijI ke anya zrAvaka kapUramala ne brahmaracanA kI hai unakA yathAjJAta vivaraNa yahAM prakAzita carya parikaraNam ( gA0 45 ) maNidhArI jina candramUrijI ke kiyA jA rahA hai| samaya meM banAyA thA jise hama 'maNidhArI jinacandrasUri' kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya varddhamAnasUri aura unake prathamAvRtti meM prakAzita kara cuke haiN| maNidhArIjI ke vidvAna ziSya jinezvarasUri se kharataragaccha ko viziSTa zrAvaka "lakhaNa' kRta 'jinacandrasUri aSTaka' uparyukta grantha kI paramparA prArambha hotI hai| saM0 1422 meM kharataragaccha ke dvitIyAvRtti meM prakAzita hai /
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________________ / 150 , ___ vAdi-vijetA jinapatisUrijo ne maroTa ke nemicanda calakara dillI samrATa alAuddIna khilacI ke koza aura TaMkabhaMDArI ko saM0 1253 meM pratibodha diyaa| bhaMDArIjI ke zAla ke adhikArI bane aura apane vividhaviSayaka anUbhava putra ne jinapatisUrijI se dIkSAgrahaNa kI ve unake putra ke AdhAra se ratnaparIkSA saM0 1372 meM putra hemapAla ke jinezvarasUri bane / zrInemicandra bhaMDAro acche vidvAna the, lie gA0 132 meM racA, jisako hindI anuvAda aura anya unakA prAkRta bhASA meM racita "SaSTizataka prakaraNa" zvetA. mahattvapUrNa racanAoM ke sAtha hamane apane "ratnaparIkSA' mbara samAja meM hI nahIM, digambara samAja taka meM mAnya grantha meM prakAzita kiyA hai| vAstuzAstra saMbandhI vastusAra huaa| usakI kaI TIkAe aura bAlAvabodha vidvAna nAmaka racanA bhI prAkRta kI 205 gAthAoM meM hai jo muniyoM dvArA racita upalabdha aura prakAzita haiN| bhaMDArIjo kannANApura meM saM0 1372 vijayAdazamI ko racI gaI aura ko dUsarI racanA jinavallabhasUri guNavarNana / gA0 35 ) hai hindI anuvAda saha paMDita bhagavAnadAsajI ne ise prakAzita aura hamAre aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita ho kara dI hai| jyotiSa viSayaka gA0 243 kA jyotiSasAra cakI hai| inake atirikta eka gAthA kA pArzvanAtha grantha bhI saM01372 meM rcaa| gaNita viSayaka gaNitasAra stotra jesalamera bhaMDAra meM milA hai| nAmaka mahatvapUrNa grantha 311 gAthA kA rcaa| ApakI __ jinapatisUrijI ke do bhakta zrAvaka sAha rayaNa aura anya mahatvapUrNa racanA dhAtotpatti gA057 kI hai ise bhI kavibhattau ne 20 gAthAoM ke "jinapatisUri dhavala gIta hamane anuvAda sahita yU. pI. hisTorIkala jarnala meM prakAbanAye jo hamAre aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha meM prakA- zita karavA diyA hai| zita haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya kA advitoya grantha-dravyaparokSA mudrAjinezvarasUri ke samaya zrAvakakavi jhagar3ane "samyaktva zAstra sambandhI hai jo 146 gAthAoM meM saM0 1375 meM mAI caupAI' saM01.31 meM banAI jo bar3audA se prakA racA gyaa| isameM bhAratIya prAcIna sikkoM kA bahata ho mahatvazita "prAcIna gUrjara kAvya saMcaya meM chapa cukI hai| pUrNa vaijJAnika vivaraNa diyA hai jisase aneka mahatvapUrNa zrIjinakuzalasUrijI ke guru zrIjinacandrasUriz2I ke navInatathya prakAza meM Ate haiN| una sikkoM kA mApa tola zrAvaka lakhamasIha racita jinacandrasUri varNanArAsa ( gA0 bhI sahI rUpa meM diyA gayA hai kyoMki ve svayaM alAuddIna 47 ) jesalamera bhaDAra se prApta huA hai, pratilipi hamAre bAdazAha ko TaMkazAla meM adhikArI rahe the| ata: usameM saMgraha meM hai| alAuddIna ke samaya taka kI mudrAoM kA vizada vivaraNa diyA uparyukta zrIjinacandrasUrijI ke samaya meM Thakkura pherU gayA hai| Thakkura pherU ke granthoM kI ekamAtra prati hamane nAmaka bahuta bar3e granthakAra kharataragaccha meM hue| unakI kalakatte ke nitya maNi jIvana jaina lAibrerI ke jJAnabhaMDAra prathama racanA "yugapradhAna catuSpadikA" saM0 1347 meM racI meM khoja ke nikAlI thii| ina mahatvapUrNa granthoM ke sambandha gaI ukta racanA ko hamane saMskRta chAyA va hindI anuvAda meM sarvaprathama hamane vizvavANI meM lekha prakAzita kiyA thaa| sahita 'rAjasthAna bhArato' meM prakAzita kI thii| Thakkura svargIya muni kAntisAgarajI ke bhI vizAla-bhArata meM lekha pherU kannANA nivAsI the yaha catuSpadikA apabhraza ke 26 prakAzita hue the| prApta sabhI granthoM kA saMkalana karake hamane padyoM meM rAjazekhara vAcaka ke sAnidhya meM mAgha mahIne meM purAtattvAcArya munijinavijayajI dvArA rAjasthAna prAcya racI gii| ye pherU, zrImAla dhAMdhiyA candra ke suputra the, Age vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura se "ratnaparIkSAdi-sapta-grantha saMgraha"
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________________ 1 171 1 nAma se prakAzita karavA diyA hai / sva0 muni kAntisAgarajI ne inake eka anya grantha bhUgarbhaprakAza ( zloka 51) kA ullekha kiyA hai para hameM abhI taka kahIM se prApta nahIM ho sakA hai / caudahavIM zatAbdI ke zrAvaka kavi samadhara racita nemi nAtha phAgu gA0 14 kA prakAzita ho cukA hai / pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke jinodayasUri ke zrAvaka viddhaNu kI jJAnapaMcamI caupaI saM0 1421 bhA0 zu0 11 guru ko racI gaI / kavi viddhaNu Thakkura mAhela ke putra the, isakI prati pATaNa ke saMgha bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai / kharataragaccha ke mahAn saMskRta vidvAna zrAvaka kavi maNDana mAMDavagaDha meM rahate the aura AcArya zrIjinabhadrasUrijI ke parama bhakta the / inhoMne Thakkura pherU kI bhAMti itane adhika viSayoM para saMskRta grantha banAye haiM jitane aura kisI zrAvaka ke prApta nahIM hai / maMtrI maMDana zrImAla vAhar3a ke putra the inake jIvanI ke saMbandha meM inake Azrita mahezvara kavi ne "kAvya manohara" nAmaka kAvya racA hai| muni jinavijayajI ne vijJapti - triveNI meM maMtrI maMDana saMbandhI acchA prakAza DAlA hai| ve likhate haiM- "ye zrImAla jAti ke sonigirA vaMza ke the| inakA vaMza bar3A gauravapUrNa va pratiSThAvAn thA / maMtrI maMDana aura dhanadarAja ke pitAmaha kA nAma 'bhaMjhaNa' thA / maMDaNa bAhar3a kA choTA putra thA va dhanadarAja dehar3a kA eka mAtra putra thA ina donoM cacere bhAiyoM para lakSmIdevI kI jaisI prasanna dRSTi thI vaise sarasvatI devI kI pUrNa kRpA thI arthAt ye donoM bhAI zrImAn hokara vidvAna bhI vaise hI uccakoTi ke the / " "maMDana ne vyAkaraNa, kAvya, sAhitya, alaMkAra aura saMgIta Adi bhinna-bhinna viSayoM para maMDana zabdAGkita aneka graMtha likhe haiM / inameM se 8 graMtha to pATana ke bAr3I pArzvanAtha bhaMDAra meM saM0 1504 likhita upalabdha haiM: jo ye haiM-1 kAvyamaMDala ( kaurava pAMDava viSayaka ) 2 campUmaMDana ( draupadI viSayaka ) 3 kAdambarI maMDana ( kAdambarI kAM sAra ) 4 zRMgAra maMDana 5 alaMkAra maMDana 6 saMgIta maMDana 7 upasarga maMDana 8 sArasvata maMDana ( sArasvata vyAkaraNa para vistRta vivecana ) 8 caMdravijaya prabandha / " inameM se kaI graMtha to maMDana graMthAvalI ke nAma se do bhAgoM meM "hemacaMdra sUri graMthamAlA " pATaNa se prakAzita ho cuke haiM / "maMDana kI taraha dhanarAja yA dhanada bhI bar3A acchA vidvAna thA / isane 'dhanada trizatI' nAmaka graMtha bhartRhari kI taraha zatakatrayIkA anukaraNa karane vAlA likhA hai / yaha kAvyatraya nirNayasAgara presa kAvyamAlA 13 ve gucchaka meM chapa cukA hai| ina graMthoM meM inakA pANDitya aura kavitva acchI taraha pragaTa ho rahA hai / maMDana kA vaMza aura kuTumba kharataragaccha kA anuyAyI thA / ina bhrAtAoM ne jo ucca koTi kA zikSaNa prApta kiyA thA vaha isI gaccha ke sAdhuoM kI kRpA kA phala thA / isa samaya isa gaccha ke netA jinabhadrasUri the isa liye unapara inakA anurAga va sadbhAva svabhAvataH hI adhika thaa| ina donoM bhAiyoM ne apane apane graMthoM meM ina AcArya kI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| inane jina bhadrasUri ke upadeza se eka vizAla siddhAnta koSa likhAyA thA / vaha jJAnabhaMDAra mAMDavagaDha kA vidhvaMza hone se vikhara gayA para usakI kaI pratiyAM anyatra kaI jJAnabhaMDAroM meM prApta hai / pragaTa - prabhAvI zrI jinakuzalasUrijI ke divyASTaka, jisakI racanA jinapadmasUrijI ne kI thI, para gharaNIghara kI avacUri prApta hai para kavi kA vizeSa paricaya aura samaya kI nizcita jAnakArI nahIM mila sakI / solahavIM zatAbdI ke zrAvaka kavi lakSmIsena vIradAsa ke pautra evaM hamIra ke putra the / unhoMne kevala solaha varSa kI Ayu meM jina vallabhasUri ke saMghapaTTaka jaise kaThina kAvya kI vRtti saM0 1511 ke zrAbaNa meM banAI /
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________________ / 12 / jinadattasUri jJAna bhaMDAra sAtaveM granthAMka ke rUpa meM u. banArasIdAsajI kA arddhakathAnaka nAmaka hindI kI harSarAja ko laghu vRtta evaM sAdhukIti kI avacUri saha pahalA padyabaddha Atmacarita hindI sAhitya meM apane DhaMgakA prakAzita ho cukI hai| advitIya grantha hai| samayasAra, banArasI-vilAsa, nAmamAlA satarahavIM zatAbdI meM hindI jaina kaviyoM meM kavivara Adi Apako racanAeM paryApta prasiddha haiM aura prakAzita haiN| banArasodAsa sarva zreSTha kavi mAne jAte haiN| ve zrImAla satarahavIM zatAbdI ke aMta meM lakhapata nAmaka kharatarajAti ke khaDagasena viholiyA ke putra aura jaunapura ke nivAsI gaccha ke eka zrAvaka kavi hue haiM jo sindhu deza ke sAmuhI the| kharataragaccha kI zrojinaprabhasUri zAkhA ke vidvAna nagara ke kUkar3a copar3A tejasI ke putra the| inakI prathama bhAnucandragaNi se Apane vidyAdhyayana aura dhArmika abhyAsa racanA tiloyasuMdarI maMgalakalaza co0 saM0 1661 ke A0 kiyA thA / banArasIdAsajo ke liye bhAnucandrajI ne mRgAMka- su0 7 thaTTAnagara meM buharA amarasI ke kathana se racita hai| lekhA caupAI saM0 1663 meM jaunapura meM bnaaii| banArasI. 12 patroM kI prati kA kevala aMtima patra hI tapAgaccha bhaMDAra dAsajI ne apanI nAmamAlA Adi racanAoM meM apane jesalamera meM hamAre avalokana meM AyA thaa| kavi kI vidyAguru bhAnucandra kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai| Age dUsarI racanA mRgAMkalekhA rAsa saM 1664 zrA0 su0 15 calakara ye vyApAra ke hetu AgarA Aye aura samayasAra, budhavAra ko jinarAjasUri-jinasAgarasUri ke samaya meM racI gomaTTasAra Adi digambara granthoM ke adhyayana se inakA gii| 25 patroM ke antima 2 patra hI tapAgaccha bhaMDAra jhukAva digambara sampradAya kI ora ho gyaa| unake sAthI jesalamera meM hamAre dekhane meM Aye / kuvarapAla coraDiyA bhI 'siMduraprakara ke' padyAnuvAda meM 18vIM zatAbdI meM kavi udayacanda mathena bIkAnera meM sahayogI rahe haiM aura bhI kaI vyakti ApakI adhyAtmika hue, jo mahArAjA anUpasiMha se Adara prApta the| anUpasiMha carcA se prabhAvita hue aura banArasIdAsajI kA mata adhyA- ke nAma se inhoMne hindI meM anUpa zRgAra nAmaka grantha saM0 smamatI yA banArasImata nAma se prasiddha huaa| mulatAna 1728 meM banAyA, jisakI eka mAtra prati anupa saMskRta Adi dUravartI kharataragaccha ke osavAla bhI adhyAtmamata se lAyabrarI, bIkAnera meM hai| isako racanA saM0 1765 meM prabhAvita hue aura vahA~ jo bhI zvetAmbara kavi evaM vidvAna huii| udayacanda mathena kA tIsarA grantha pAMDitya-darpaNa gae unheM bhI adhyAtmika racanA karane ke liye prerita kiyaa| prApta hai| banArasIdAsajI kA vaha adhyAtma-mata aba digambaroM meM malukacanda racita pArasI vaidyakagrantha tivvasahAvI kA terahapaMtha nAma se prasiddha hai aura lAkhoM vyakti digambara hindI padyAnuvAda 'vaidyahulAsa'nAma se prApta hai| kavi ne sampradAya meM usa terahapaMthI sampradAya ke anuyAyI haiN| apanA vizeSa paricaya yA racanAkAlAdi nahIM die para malataH kavivara banArasIdAsajI kharataragaccha ke hI viziSTa isakI kaI hastalikhita pratiyAM kharataragaccha ke jJAnabhaMDAroM kavi the| upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne bhI apane yukti-prabodha meM dekhane meM AI ataH isake kharatara gacchoya hone kI nATaka meM inake kharatara gacchAnuyAyI hone kA ullekha kiyA saMbhAvanA hai| hai| banArasIdAsajI kI prArambhika racanAyeM zvetAmbara 19vIM zatAbdI meM ajImagaMja-makasUdAvAda ke zrAvaka sampradAya se sambandhita haiN| sabalasiMgha acche kavi hue jinhoMne saM0 1891 meM caubIsa
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________________ jina stavanoM aura viharamAna boso kI racanA ko| inhoMne bhakti ko ora dikhAI detA hai| rAjA zivaprasAda sitAre apanI racanA meM zrojinaharSasUri ke prasAda se race jAne kA hiMda ko lar3ako gomatI bobI jainadharma kI acchI jAnakAra ullekha kiyA hai| thii| yahakhAnadAna kharataragacchoya haiM / 20vIM zatAbdI meM nAthanagara meM zrI amaracanda jI svayaM grantha racanA karane ke atirikta kharataragaccha ke botharA kharataragaccha ke kaTTara anuyAyI aura sukavi the| inake bahuta se zrAvakoM ne vidvAna yatimuniyoM se anurodha kara racita do cauvIsiyAM prakAzita ho cukI hai| ye pahale anekoM racanAe karavAyI thii| unasaba kA vivaraNa terApaMthI the zrojinayaza:sUrijI mahArAja ke ajomagaMja dekhane se kharatara gacchIya zrAvakoM ke sAhitya prema kA acchA padhArane para aneka vAdavivAda ke pazcAt ye kharataragacchA- paricaya mila jAtA hai| nuyAyo mandira-mArgI bne| kharataragaccha ko AcaraNAoM jJAnabhaMDAroM ko sthApanA aura abhivRddhi meM to zrAvaka Adi ke viSaya meM ApakA gaharA adhyayana va cintana thaa| samAja kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rahA hai| hajAroM pratiyAM zrImad devacandrajI kI racanAe Apako atyanta priya thii| unhoMne pracura dravya vyaya kara likhvaayii| kavijanoM ko uparyukta kharatara gaccha ke zrAvaka kaviyoM ke atirikta samaya samaya para puraSkAra Adi dekara protsAhita kiyaa| katipaya choTe moTe aura bhI aneka kavi hue haiM jinake kaI zrAvaka acche vidvAna the, para sAhitya nirmANa kA unheM jinabhadrasUri gIta Adi racanAeM hamAre avalokana meM AI suyoga prApta nahIM huaa| vidvAnoM kA satsaMga, svAdhyAya prema para aura kaI kharataragacchIya kaviyoM kI unheM bahuta rucikara rahA hai| samaya samaya para vidvAna muniyoM racanAeM prApta hogii| bIsavIM zatAbdI meM to hindI gadya- seunhone gambhIra viSayoM para prazna upasthita kara unase samApadya lekhaka, kaI kavi ho gae haiM jinameM se rAjA zivaprasAda dhAna kiyA jisakA ullekha kaI praznottara granthoM meM pAyA sitArehiMda bahuta hI pratiSThita vyakti the| kharatara gacchIya yati jAtA hai / rAyacanda jI ne inake khAnadAna ke rAjA DAlacanda ke liye kharatara gaccha ko kaI saMsthAoM ne vidvAna banAne kI saM0 1838 meM kalpasUtra kA padyAnuvAda kiyA thaa| unhoMne yojanA banAI thI para kheda hai ki vaha yojanA saphala nahIM vicitra mAlikA aura avayadI zakunAvalo ko racanA kii| ho pAyI / Aja bhI isa bAta kI bar3I AvazyakatA rAjAzivaprasAda sitAre hinda' ke bahata se grantha prakAzita pratIta hotI hai ki ucita vyavasthA karake udhvastarIya ho cuke haiM unako dAdI ratnakuMvari bobI lakhanaU ke rAjA adhyayana kara jijJAsu vidyArthiyoM ko vidvAna banAne kA pUrNa vaccharAja nAhaTA kI putrI thii| usane saM0 1844 meM mAgha prayatna kiyA jAya / kharataragaccha ke sAhitya ke saMpAdana badi 5 ko premaralanAmaka hindI kAvya bnaayaa| kaviyitrI prakAzana, navIna sAhitya nirmANa meM vidvAna zrAvakoM kI ratnakavari bar3hata bar3I paMDitA thI aura usakA jhakAva kRSNa- atyanta AvazyakatA hai|