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________________ kavivara banArasIdAsa aura jIvanamUlya DA0 narendra bhAnAvata sAhityakA dharma aura adhyAtma se gaharA sambandha hai / sAhitya ke mUla meM sahitatA aura hita kA bhAva nihita hai to dharma aura adhyAtma kA lakSya prANimAtra ke prati prema aura maitrI kA bhAva sthApita karate hue vizva ekAtmaka bodha kI AnandAnubhUti meM ramaNa karanA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki saMta kAvya aura bhakti kAvya meM nihita saMdeza Aja bhI saMtapta mAnava ko tRpti pradAna karatA hai / rikta mana ko paripUrNa banAtA hai aura nirAzA va kuNThA ke kSaNoM meM AzA aura AsthA kA saMcAra karatA hai / bhAratIya sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga cAhe vaha kisI bhI bhASA kA ho dharma aura adhyAtma se anuprANita hai aura isIlie vaha cira jIvita hai, lokamAnasa meM ramA huA hai / kavivara banArasIdAsa bhAratIya dharma aura adhyAtma cintana paramparA ke zreSTha kavi aura vyAkhyAtA haiM | paramparA kA nirvAha karate hue bhI ve usakA bojhA nahIM Dhote varan avAMchita tattvoM ko kATa-chA~Ta kara usakI prakRta bhAvadhArA ko pravahamAna rakhate haiM / usake bhAra ko pyAra aura krAMti kI dhAra meM badalate haiM / jIvana ko ve bhava- paramparA ke rUpa meM dekhakara usake karma cakra se TakarAte haiM, ulajhate haiM, usameM pha~sate aura dha~sate haiM, para parAbhUta nahIM hote / apane jJAna cakra kI painI dhAra se usakI partoM ko kuredate haiM, Atmarasa kA anubhava karate haiM / yoM jarA kalpanA kIjie, usa manaHsthiti kI jisameM banArasIdAsa eka nahIM tInatIna vivAha karate haiM aura jinake eka nahIM, do nahIM, nau saMtAneM- do putra aura sAta putriyA~ hotI haiM, para antataH jIvana meM akelApana / unakA yaha mRtyubodha kitanA mArmika, yathArtha aura sAMsArika nazvaratA, nissAratA kA dyotaka hai : -: nau bAlaka huveM muvaiM, rahe nArI nara doi / jyauM taravara patajhara havaM, rahaiM ThUMTha so hoi // 55 varSa kI avasthA meM kavi jaise apane jIvana upavana ko taTastha hokara dekhatA hai aura anubhava karatA hai ki jise usane aba taka apanA jIvana upavana samajhA hai, vaha bAsantI bayAra se yukta nahIM varan patajhar3a kI vyathA se grasta hai aura mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA 'para' se mamatva jor3ane meM nahIM varan 'sva' ke sammukha hone meM hai, svAnubhava meM hai / yaha anubhava parigraha bar3hAne se nahIM, varan ghaTAne se hI, nissaMga hone se hI sambhava hai / jaba vyakti carma cakSuoM se nahIM varan hRdaya cakSu se jJAna cakSu se saMsAra ke vastu svarUpa ko dekhane kA sAmarthya pA letA hai, taba use bAhara nahIM, apane bhItara hI ananta vasanta lahalahAtA dikhAI detA hai : tattva dRSTi jo dekhie, satyAratha kI bhA~ti / jyauM jAko parigaha ghaTeM, tyauM tAkau upasAMti //
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________________ DA0 narendra bhAnAvata kavi kA prArambhika jIvana parigraha- saMkula hai / vaha Adhi-vyAdhi se grasta hai / kabhI saMgrahaNI roga hai to kabhI cecaka kA AtaMka / kabhI cora DAkuoM kA bhaya hai, to kabhI prANa rakSA ke lie baniye hokara bhI brAhmaNa banane kA svAMga hai / kavi vyApArI hai, dhana-daulata ke lie vaha nAnAvidha kaThinAiyoM, ApattiyoM, AzaMkAoM se ghira kara bhI apanA vyApAra-abhiyAna calAtA hai / para usameM abhISTa saphalatA nahIM milatI / jIvana ratnAkara meM vaha paiThatA hai, hAtha-pAMva pachAr3atA hai, para hRdaya kI A~kha khulI na hone se atala gaharAI meM nihita ratnoM ko prApta nahIM kara pAtA / use cAroM ora jhAga hI jhAga milate haiM, dikhAI dete haiM bhoMdU bhAI ! samujha sabada yaha merA / :-- jo tU dekhe ina A~khina soM tAmeM kachU na terA // e A~kha bhrama hI sauM upajI, bhrama hI ke rasa pAgI / jaha~- jaha~ bhrama, taha~ taha~ inako zrama, tU inhIM ko rAgI // e A~kheM dou racI cAma kI, cAma hI cAma bilauveM / tAkI oTa moha nidrA juta, supana rUpa tU jovaiM // ina A~khina ko kauna bharoso, e vinasa~ china mAMhI / hai inako pudgala sauM paracaM, tU to pudgala nAMhI // jaba pudugala se pare avinAzI se, 'cAma' se pare apane 'svAma' se sambandha jur3atA hai, taba satata prakAzamAna AtmaguNa- ratnoM se sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / isake lie cAhie hRdaya kI A~kha aura usase dekhane kI kalA -- 220 bhoMdU bhAI ! dekhi hiye kI AkheM / jai karasaiM apanI sukha saMpatti, bhrama kI saMpatti nAkhai // jai AMkhe amRta rasa barakheM parakhai kevali bAni / jina AMkhina viloki paramAratha, hohiM kRtAratha prANi // kahanA na hogA ki kavi banArasIdAsa jI hiye kI A~khoM se vastu, vyakti aura pari sthiti ko dekhane kA sAmarthya prApta karate haiM aura unheM dharma ke nAma para pracalita DhoMga, Au mbara, pradarzana, andhavizvAsa Adi saba nirarthaka aura pratigAmI lagate haiM / ye bAhya veza-bhUSA ko mahattva na dekara Antarika bhAvanA ko mahattva dete haiM- 'bheSa meM na bhagavAna, bhagavAna bhAva meM' / zuddhatA hI unake lie siddha pada kA AdhAra banatI hai - 'zuddhatA meM vAsa kiye; siddha pada pAvai hai' / aba ve upabhoktA saMskRti ke nahIM; upayogamUlaka jIvana-dRSTi ke upAsaka bana jAte haiM kavi banArasIdAsa dvArA racita 'arddha kathAnaka' yoM to 17vIM zatI ke eka madhyamavargIya vyApArI kI Atma kathA ke mAdhyama se tatkAlIna rAjanaitika, sAmAjika evaM Arthika jIvana kA dastAveja pratIta hotA hai, usameM jagaha-jagaha jIvana kI vidrUpatAoM evaM sAmAjika vikRtiyoM ko ubhArA gayA hai / kavi apanI durbalatAoM aura mUrkhatAoM kA behicaka citraNa kara, yugIna sAmAjika visaMgatiyoM ko ghanIbhUta karatA hai / isa dRSTi se 'arddha kathAnaka sAmAjika itihAsa lekhakoM ke lie jIvaMta, vizvasanIya aura prAmANika sAmagrI prastuta karatA
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________________ kavivara banArasIdAsa aura jIvana-mUlya 221 hai| para merI apanI dRSTi meM kavivara banArasIdAsa ko zAyada yaha abhipreta nahIM hai| kavi kI pakar3a sAmAjika yathArtha se gujaratI huI hokara bhI AtmAlocana aura antarnirIkSaNa kI hai| apanI AtmakathA ke mAdhyama se vastutaH vaha 'para' se na jur3akara 'sva' se hI adhikAdhika jur3atA calatA hai| AtmakathA kA lekhana eka prakAra se kavi kA pratikramaNa hai| pratikramaNa kA jaina-paramparA meM vizeSa mahatva hai| pratyeka zramaNa zrAvaka pratidina kI apanI caryA meM rahe hae chidro ko bharane ke lie, antarAvalokana karatA hai| apane kRta karmoM kA prAtaH sAyaM AtmaciMtana kara usameM hue pApa doSoM se nivRtti ke lie vaha prAyazcitta karatA hai aura bhaviSya meM doSoM kI punarAvRtti na ho, isake lie sAvadhAnI baratane kA saMkalpa karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jo-jo atikramaNa hae haiM, usakA pratikramaNa kara vaha vibhAva, vikAroM se dUra haTa kara, apane svabhAva meM sthira hotA hai| jyoM-jyoM maiM kavi kI AtmakathA 'kathAnaka' kA pArAyaNa karatA hU~, tyoM-tyoM mujhe lagatA hai ki yaha kavi ke 55 varSa ke jIvana kA pratikramaNa hai jisameM vaha apane doSoM vikAroM para svayaM ha~satA hai aura dUsaroM ko ha~sAtA hai| isa taraha apanI manogranthiyoM ko nigraMtha banAne kI kalA kA utkRSTa rUpa haiM yaha aatmkthaa| yaha kathA saMsmaraNAtmaka hokara bhI pratikramaNAtmaka hai aura sacamuca banArasIdAsa ke jIvana kA ArasI bana gaI hai / banA ArasI =bnaarsii| pratikramaNa kA bhAva arthAt pIche lauTAkara apane vikAroM aura kamajoriyoM ko guNa-doSa ko dekhane kI pravatti taba hI jAgatI hai jaba cittavatti nirmala aura hadaya sarata aura sarala hRdaya hI jIvana mUlyoM kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai| jahA~ vakratA aura vaMcakatA hotI hai, vahA~ mUlya arthAt vailyU kA nirmANa nahIM hotaa| hA~, vakra vyakti kImata arthAt prAisa kI duniyA meM avazya calatA-phiratA haiN| banArasIdAsa dharma ko kImata arthAt prAisa ke rUpa meM nahIM mUlya arthAt vailyU ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| isIlie banArasIdAsa ke lie samaya dharma nahIM varan AtmA hai| ve samaya ke sAra ko kevala bA~cate aura par3hate nahIM, varan jIvana meM utArate haiM aura satata jAgarUka bane rahate haiM / yaha jAgarukatA unheM samajhautAvAdI nahIM banAtI,sAmyavAdI banAtI hai| unakI dRSTi meM sampadA dhana-daulata aura jar3a padArtha nahIM hai| saccI sampadA vaha hai jo sampadA sampa (ApasI ekatA) de, santoSa de, samatA bhAva meM ramAye / kavi banArasIdAsa kA sampUrNa jIvana viSamatA ke khilApha saMgharSa karane kA jIvana hai| Arthika viSamatA se to vyApArI hone ke kAraNa ve jUjhate hI rhe| para samAja sudhAraka evaM tattva draSTA ke rUpa meM ve sAmAjika viSatamA evaM dhAmika viSamatA se bhI jjhte| kabIra kI taraha unhoMne varNa-vyavasthA ke khilApha AvAja bulanda kI aura 'koI janma se nahIM, karma se mahAna hotA hai' bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ina vANI ko unhoMne apane zabdoM meM prastuta kiyaa| unakI dRSTi meM tilaka, mAlA, mudrA aura chApa dhAraNa karane vAlA vaiSNava nahIM hai| saccA vaiSNava vaha hai jo saMtoSa kA tilaka, vairAgya kI mAlA, jJAna kI mudrA aura zruti kI chApa dhAraNa karatA hai
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________________ 222 DA0 narendra bhAnAvata tilaka toSa mAlA virati mudrA zruti chApa / ina lakSaNa so vaiSNava samujhe hari paratApa / musalamAna vaha hai jo apane mana kA nigraha kara use khudA kI ora abhimukha karatA __ jo mana muse Apano, sAhiba ke rukha hoy| jJAna musallA guha Tikai, musalamAna hai soya // unakI dRSTi meM hindU aura turuka meM koI bheda nahIM hai| donoM eka haiM-- mana kI dvividhA mAna kara bhaye eka sau doya / yaha dvividhA arthAt ajJAna aura bhrama hI varNa-bheda, raMgabheda aura U~ca-nIca kA bheda banAye hue haiN| banArasIdAsa kA nimna kathana sampUrNa mAnava jAti ko eka sUtra meM bA~dhane ke liye Aja bhI mArga-darzaka aura preraNAdAyaka hai-- tinako dvividhA, je lakheM, raMga-biraMgI cAma / mere nainana dekhiye, ghaTa-ghaTa antara rAma / / vastutaH kavi ne satata svAdhyAya karate hue, vAcanA, pRcchanA, parivartanA, anuprekSyA aura dharma kathA ko AtmasAta kara liyA thaa| dharma ko unhoMne kahA hI nahIM hai balki jIvana meM dhAraNa kiyA hai| isI stara para ve bheda meM abheda aura dvaita meM advaita kI anubhUti kara ske| dharma aura adhyAtma ke stara para unakA samatA bhAva, unheM parama premAnubhUti meM nimagna kara gayA, jahA~ AtmA aura paramAtmA meM koI bheda nahIM rahatA hoU~ magana maiM darasana pAya / jyoM dariyA meM bUMda samAya / piya ko milauM apanayo khoy| olA gala pANI jyoM hoya / piya more ghaTa maiM piya maaNy| jala taraMga jyoM dvividhA nAya / kavivara banArasIdAsa ke samaya meM rAma, kRSNa aura ziva bhakti kA vizeSa bolabAlA thaa| inameM paraspara sAmpradAyika nigraha bhI thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne apane "rAmacarita mAnasa' meM ziva aura rAma kI bhakti ko paraspara pUraka batAte hue rAma ko ziva kA aura ziva ko rAma kA upAsaka-upAsya batAyA hai| kavi banArasIdAsa meM bhI yaha samanvayavAdI svara mukharita hai| eka ora unhoMne virAjai rAmAyaNa ghaTa mAMhi kaha kara rAma kathA kI AdhyAtmikatA ko Atmastha kiyA hai to dUsarI ora yaha pratipAdita kiyA ki jIva hI ziva hai apane vizuddha parama cetana rUpa meM aura ziva pUjA vastutaH AtmapUjA hI hai| ziva ke svarUpa kA yaha rUpakAtmaka citraNa dekhiye-- zakti vibhUti aMga chavi chAjai / tIna gupati tirazUla virAjai / / kaMTha vibhAva viSama visa sohe| mahAmoha viSahara nahiM pauhai / / saMjama jaTA sahaja sukha bhogii| nihacai rUpa digambara jogii| brahma samAdhi dhyAna gRha sAjai, tahA~ anAhata DamarU bAjai / / tulasIdAsa ne apane ArAdhya rAma ko sarvopari mAna kara bhI gaNeza, sItA, gaMgA-jamuvA citrakUTa Adi sabhI kI stuti kI hai| para sabase mAMgI rAma-bhakti hI hai
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________________ kavivara banArasIdAsa aura jIvana-mUlya 223 mAMgata tulasIdAsa kara jore, basaha rAma siya mAnasa more // isI prakAra banArasIdAsa ne ziva Adi kI stuti karate hue bhI sabakA samAhAra vItarAga deva kI bhakti meM hI kiyA hai| vItarAga bhakti ke nAma para unake samaya meM bAhya karma-kANDa, DhoMga, pAkhaMDa Adi bar3ha gayA thaa| saccI sAdhutA dUSita ho calI thii| pUjA ke nAma para hiMsA aura pradarzana pradhAna bana gayA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne tulasIdAsa Adi anya kaviyoM kI taraha kisI kathA ko lekara koI prabandha kAvya nahIM likhA aura apanI hI jIvana kathA ko hI prabandha kA rUpa diyaa| yaha eka prakAra se niHzalya hone kI svaicchika antaHzalya cikitsA thii| isI bhAvanA se banArasIdAsa ne sAdhutA ke nAma para vaNikavRtti calAne vAle yatiyoM aura muniyoM kI kaTu AlocanA kI aura saccI sAdhutA kA svarUpa loka mAnasa ke samakSa prastuta kiyA jo saba jIvana ko rakhavAla / so susAdhu baMTuka tirakAla / mRSAvAda nahIM bole rttii| so jina mAraga sAMcA jtii|| sadaya hRdaya sAdhai ziva paMtha / so tapIza nirbhaya nirgrantha / datta adatta na pharasai joya / tAraNa taraNa munIzvara soya / pUjA ke nAma para dravya pUjA hI pramukha bana gaI aura usameM nihita AtmabhAva visupta ho gyaa| kavi banArasIdAsa ne pUjA kI pavitratA kI rakSA ke lakSya se usake pratIkArya ko spaSTa kiyA aura batAyA ki aSTa prakAra kI jina-pUjA meM jala mana kI ujjvalatA kA, candana svabhAva kI zItalatA kA, puSpa kAmadahana kA, akSata akSaya guNoM kA, naivedya vyAdhiharaNa kA, dIpaka AtmajJAna kA, dhU karmadahana kA aura phala mokSa puruSArtha kA pratIka hai| eka anya sthala para kavi ne samarasatA ko jala, kaSAya-upazama ko candana kahA hai samarasa jala abhiSeka kraavai| upazama rasa candana ghasi saavai| sahajAnanda puNya upa jAvai / guNa garbhita jayamAsa car3hAvai // kavivara banArasIdAsa, dharma aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM hI nahIM kAvya zAstra ke kSetra meM bhI samatA, samarasatA aura prazAMtatA ke pakSadhara haiN| zRgAra rasa ke nAma para vyaktiyoM ko uttejita kara vilAsitA ke raMga meM nimagna karane vAle zRgArika kaviyoM kI bhartsanA karate hue kahA-- mAMsa kI granthi kuca, kaMcana kalasa kahai, kahai mukha candra jo saleSamA ko dharU hai| hAr3a ke dazana mAhi, hIrA motI kahai tAhi, mAMsa ke adhara oTha, kahe biMbapharu hai / hAr3a daMbha bhujA kahai, kaula nAla kAma dhujA, hAr3a hI ke thaMbhA jaMghA, kahai raMbhA tarU hai| yoM hI jhUThI jugati banAvai aura kahAvai kavi, ete pai kaheM hameM zAradA ko varU hai|
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________________ 224 DA0 narendra bhAnAvata arthAt mAMsa granthi stanoM ko svarNa kalaza kahanA, zleSamA ke ghara mukha ko candra kahanA, haDDI ke dAtoM ko hIrA-motI kahanA, mAMsa-piNDa oTha ko bimbaphala kahanA, hAr3a ke daNDoM rUpa bhajA ko kamala-nAla aura kAmadeva kI patAkA, jaMghA ko kele kA vRkSa kahanA sarAsara jhUTha hai| phira aise kaviyoM ko sarasvatI kA upAsaka kyoM kara kahA jAya ? kahA jAtA hai ki banArasIdAsa jI ne svayaM prArambha meM zRgArika racanAe~ likhI thIM para bAda meM jaba unheM vAstavika bodha huA taba una racanAoM ko gomadI nadI meM pheMka diyaa| yathArtha bodha hone para kavi banArasIdAsa ne kAvya zAstra meM mAnya sthAyI bhAvoM kI naI prarUpaNA bhI kI hai| unhoMne zRgAra rasa kA sthAyI bhAva zobhA, hAsya rasa kA Ananda, karuNa rasa kA komalatA, raudra rasa kA saMhAra, vIra rasa kA puruSArtha, bhayAnaka kA cintA, vIbhatsa rasa kA glAni, adbhuta rasa kA Azcarya aura zAnta rasa kA vairAgya mAnA hai: - zobhA meM siMgAra basai, vIra puruSAratha meM, komala hiye meM karuNA rasa bakhAniye / Ananda meM hAsya, ruNDa-muNDa meM biraja rudra. vibhatsa tahA~, jahA~ gilAni mana aaniye| cintA meM bhayAnaka, athAhatA meM adbhuta, mAyA kI arucitA meM, zAnta rasa mAniye / ye I nava rasa bhava rUpa ye I bhAva rUpa. inako vilachiNa suraSTi jAge jAniye / kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki zRgAra ke pArasparika sthAyI bhAva rati kI apekSA zobhA adhika vyApaka hai| isameM vAsanA kA nahIM, Atma kI zobhA kA ullAsa bhAva umar3A par3atA hai| hAsya rasa kA sthAyI bhAva Ananda, hAsa kI apekSA adhika manovaijJAnika hai| kyoMki Ananda meM kisI kI vivazatA, durbalatA yA vikRti para ha~sI nahIM phuutttii| Antarika AnandollAsa kI ha~sI kA kAraNa hotA hai| karuNa rasa kA sthAyI bhAva komalatA, zoka kI apekSA adhika yuktisaMgata hai / zoka meM cintA vyApta hotI rahatI hai jaba ki komalatA meM dayA aura maitrI bhAva anusyUta rahatA hai / vIra rasa kA sthAyI bhAva puruSArtha utsAha kI apekSA adhikAra manovaijJAnika hai / utsAha ghaTa-bar3ha sakatA hai| para puruSArtha meM Antarika vIratva satata banA rahatA hai / bhayAnaka rasa kA sthAyI bhAva cintA, bhaya kI apekSA adhika yuktiyukta hai kyoMki cintA ke abhAva meM bhaya kA utpanna honA sambhava nhiiN| isa prakAra banArasIdAsa ne sthAyI bhAvoM ke sambandha meM apanA maulika dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA jo adhika manovaijJAnika evaM svAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai| navarasoM ke pAramArthika sthAnoM kA saMketabanArasIdAsa ne isa prakAra kiyA hai: guna vicAra siMgAra, vIra udhama udAra rukha / karuNA sama rasa rIti, hAsa hiradai uchAi mukha / aSTakAma dala malana, rudra varanai tihi thAnaka / tana vilecha vIbhaccha, chanda mukha dasA bhayAnaka /
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________________ kavivara banArasIdAsa aura jIvana-mUlya 225 adbhuta ananta bAla citavana, sAMta sahaja vairAga dhuva / navarasa vilAza paragAsa, tava, jaba subodha ghaTa pragaTa huva / arthAt AtmA ko jJAna se vibhUSita karane kA vicAra zRgAra rasa hai, karma nirjarA kA udyama vIra rasa hai, apane hI samAna saba jIvoM ko samajhanA karuNa rasa hai, mana meM Atma-anubhava kA utsAha hAsya rasa hai, aSTa karmoM ko naSTa karanA raudra rasa hai, zarIra kI azucitA vicAranA vIbhatsa rasa hai; janma-maraNa Adi duHkha citavana karanA bhayAnaka rasa hai| AtmA kI ananta zakti citavana karanA adbhuta rasa hai, dRr3ha vairAgya dhAraNa karanA zAnta rasa hai| so jaba hRdaya meM samyaktva prakaTa hotA hai taba isa prakAra saba rasa kA vikAsa prakAzita hotA hai| kula milAkara kahA jA sakatA hai ki banArasIdAsa kA jIvana-darzana saralatA, spaSTatA, sarasatA aura sAhasa zIlatA para AdhArita hai| sacamuca ve sarasvatI ke sacce upAsaka the| kisI saMskRta kavi ne ThIka hI kahA hai sarasau viparItazceta, sarasattvaM na muccati / sAkSarA viparItazcet rAkSasA eva nizcitA // arthAt jo sarasvatI kA upAsaka hotA hai. vaha viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI, apanI saralatA ko nahIM chor3atA, sarasa ko ulTA-sIdhA kaise bhI par3ho, vaha sarasa hI banA rahatA hai, para jo kevala sAkSara hotA hai, jisase jJAna ko pacAyA nahIM hai, vaha kiMcit viparIta paristhitiyA~ Ate hI siddhAntavihIna ho jAtA hai, badala jAtA hai. ulTA ho jAtA hai arthAt rAkSasa bana jAtA hai| banArasIdAsa kA jIvana viparIta paristhitiyoM aura viSamatAoM se bharA-pUrA jIvana hai| para samabhAva se, sahaja vinoda vRtti se ve unase pAra hote rhe| kabhI upha taka nahIM kiyaa| sacamuca jJAna ko unhoMne anubhava meM utAra liyA thaa| isIliye ve cAra sau varSa bItane para bhI Aja sarasa bane hue haiN| jyoM-jyoM samaya bItatA jAyegA, unakI sarasatA aura adhika snigdha va jAtI banatI jaayegii| sI0-235 e tilakanagara jayapura-300204