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________________ kavi-kaMkaNa chohalaH punarmUlyAMkana -DaoN0 kRSNa nArAyaNa prasAda 'mAgadha' (ka) kavi-kaMkaNa chohala ke sambandha meM adyAvadhi prApta vivaraNa jaina bhakta evaM marmI saMta 'kavi-kaMkaNa' chIhala ke sambandha meM adyAvadhi samasta prakAzita sAmagro do prakAra kI hai / prathama prakAra kI sAmagrI sAmAnyata: khoja-riporToM aura sAhityetihAsoM kI hai| yaha sAmagrI sUcanAtmaka hai| isa prakAra kI adhikAMza sAmagrI sUcanA, vizleSaNa aura mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se saMdigdha aura aprAmANika hai jisakA aitihAsika mahattva bhara raha gayA hai / inameM se katipaya kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / yathA : 1. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga-3, pRSTha 2116 gujarAtI ke isa grantha meM mohana canda dalIcanda desAI ne chohala kA ullekha solahavIM zatI ke jainetara kaviyoM (saM014) ke antargata kiyA hai evaM paMca-sahelI' kA paricaya (pR0 571) upasthita karate hue usake tIna dohoM (1, 2, 68) ko uddhata kiyA hai| zrI desAI kI yaha dhAraNA ki chIhala jainetara kavi the, Aja asiddha ho gayI hai / 2. khoja-riporTa (nAgarI-pracAriNI-sabhA) hindo-mAdhyama se chIhala viSayaka pahalI sUcanA yahIM milatI hai| khoja-riporTa, san 1900 I0, saMkhyA 63 evaM san 1602 I0, saMkhyA 35 meM chohala aura unakI 'paMca-sahelI' kI sUcanA hai| inameM chohala rAjapUtAnA ke nivAsI aura 'paMca-sahelI' DiMgala kI racanA mAnI gayI hai| 3. mizrabandha-vinoda (prathama bhAga), pRSTha 223 mizrabandhuoM ne chohala kA ullekha (saM0 145) saura kAla ke antargata karate hue 'paMca-sahelI' kA paricaya diyA hai / sambhavataH isakA AdhAra prAcIna gurjara kavioM' hI hai| 4. hindI-sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 160 AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne chIhala ko bhaktikAla ke phuTakala kaviyoM meM rakhA hai| unake anusAra chIhala "rAjapUtAne kI ora ke the| saM0 1575 meM inhoMne 'paMca-sahelI' nAma kI eka choTI-sI pustaka dohoM meM rAjasthAnI milI bhASA meM banAyI, jo kavitA kI dRSTi se acchI nahIM kahI jA sakatI / ... eka 'bAvanI' bhI hai jisameM 52 dohe haiN|" kahanA nahIM hogA ki AcArya zukla kI 'bAvanI' viSayaka sUcanA aura 'paMca-sahelI' kA mUlyAMkana 'kavitA kI dRSTi se acchI nahIM' kisI bhrAnta sUcanA para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa mithyA aura bhrAmaka hai| una kRtiyoM ko yadi ve svayaM dekha lete, to aisA ve kadApi nahIM likhte| isa sambandha meM Age vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| 5. hindI-sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pRSTha 588 DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ne AcArya zukla ko doharAyA bhara hai / unhoMne chIhala ko kRSNa-kAvya ke kaviyoM ke sAtha rakhA hai, kintu chIhala na to jainetara the aura na kRSNabhakta / 6. hindI-sAhitya : udbhava aura vikAsa, pRSTha 281 AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne 'laukika premakathAnaka' ke antargata 'paMca-sahelI' kA kevala eka vAkya meM ullekha kiyA hai : "phira chohala kavi kI 'paMca-sahelI' nAma kI racanA hai jisameM pAMca saheliyoM ke viraha kA dohoM meM varNana hai|" dhyAtavya hai ki 'paMca. sahelI' laukika nahIM, dhArmika premakathAtmaka racanA hai / jana sAhityAnuzIlana 157
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________________ 7. hindI-sAhitya koza (dvitIya bhAga), pRSTha 183 isameM 'mizrabandhu-vinoda' evaM AcArya zukla ke itihAsa para sUcanAeM AdhArita hone ke kAraNa bhrAmaka haiN| nayA kucha nahIM hai| 8. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya (DaoN0 menAriyA), pR0 146-150 DaoN. motIlAla menAriyA ne chIhala ko rAjasthAnI kavi mAna kara 'paMca-sahelI' kA saMkSipta paricaya upasthita karate hue usake ATha dohoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai / vaicArika navInatA nahIM hai, para 'paMca-sahelI' unakI dRSTi meM 'anUThI' racanA hai| 9. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya (DaoN0 mAhezvarI), pRSTha 256 DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ne apane zodha grantha meM 'paMca-sahelI' aura 'bAvanI' para calate DhaMga kI sUcanA dekara saMtoSa kara liyA hai| koI navInatA nahIM hai| 10. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI granthasUcI, bhAga 2 evaM 3 anya kaviyoM ke sAtha inameM chIhala kI 'paMca-sahelI' aura 'bAvanI' ke atirikta pahalI bAra 'Atmapratibodha jayamAla' kI sUcanA milatI hai| 11. hindI sAhitya kA baijJAnika itihAsa, pRSTha 517 DaoN0 gaNapati candra gupta ne nIti-kAvyakAroM ke antargata chohala kI 'bAvanI' para vicAra karate hue use saphala nItikAvya kahA hai / 'bAvanI' viSayaka yaha mUlyAMkana uttama hai, kintu chIhala kI anya kRtiyoM kA unhoMne ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| prathama prakAra kI sAmagrI kA yahI lekhA-jokhA hai / isake AdhAra para chIhala ke sambandha meM sahI jAnakArI bilkula nahIM milatI hai| yaha sAmagrI eka sImA taka pAThakoM ko bhrAnta jJAna dene meM bhI samartha hai| dvitIya prakAra kI sAmagrI ke antargata ve kRtiyoM AtI haiM jinameM chIhala kI kisI racanA Adi kA zodhapUrNa mUlyAMkana haA hai / yathA : 1. paMca-sahelI (san 1943 I.) eka hastalekha ke AdhAra para 'paMca-sahelI' kA mUla pATha julAI, 1643 I0 (bhAratIya-vidyA, bhAga 2, aMka 4) meM prakAzita huA thaa| prakAzita pATha para rAjasthAnI chApa hai| pATha ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra kI sUcanA kA abhAva hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhAvI anusaMzritsuoM kI dRSTi se 'paMca-sahelI' kA yaha prakAzita pATha anadekhA hI rahA hai| kisI bhI adhyetA ne isakA kahA~ ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| 2. sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya (san 1958 I.) DaoN. zivaprasAda siMha ne apane isa zodhagraMtha meM chIhala ko pahalI bAra apekSita mahattva diyA hai evaM unakI 'paMca-sahelI' evaM 'bAvanI' para anekavidha vicAra kiyA hai / sAtha hI do anya racanAoM-panthI-gIta evaM Atmapratibodha jayamAla kI sUcanA bhI yahAM dI gayI hai| isa nibandha meM maiMne DaoN. zivaprasAda siMha kA anekatra yathAvasara ullekha kiyA hai| 3. hindI meM nIti kAvya kA vikAsa (san 1960 I0) DaoN. rAmasvarUpa ne apane isa zodhagrantha meM (pRSTha 185) 'bAvanI' para vicAra karate hue use 'bolacAla kI rAjasthAnI' kI kRti mAnA hai| isase sabakA sahamata honA Avazyaka nhiiN| yadi DaoN0 rAmasvarUpa DaoN0 zivaprasAda siMha ke zodha-niSkarSoM se paricita hote to zAyada ve aisA nahIM likhte| DaoN0 rAmasvarUpa ne tIna anya kRtiyoM--panthI-gIta, udara-gIta aura phuTakara-gIta ke bhI nAma ginAye haiN| 4. hindI jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi (san 1965 I.) _ chohala aura unakI kRtiyoM ke sambandha meM DaoN. zivaprasAda siMha ke pazcAt DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ne nizcaya hI vicAroM ko bhAge par3hAyA hai| unhoMne apane isa zodhagrantha meM (pRSTha 101-106) chIhala kI cAra kRtiyoM- paMca-sahelI, panthI-gIta, udara-gIta aura paMcendriya veli para apekSita vicAra kiyA hai aura pAMcavI kRti bAvanI kI sUcanA dI hai| kahanA nahIM hogA ki yahA~ pahalI bAra chIhala kI tIna kRtiyAM (panthI-gIta, udara-gIta aura paMcendriya veli) vicAraNIya banI haiN| 158 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana prastha
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________________ 5. apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda (san 1965 I0) DaoN. vAsudeva siMha ne apane isa zodha-grantha meM chIhala ke Atmapratibodha jayamAla para vicAra karate hue use "AtmA kA pratibodhana yA sambodhana" svIkAra kiyA hai / inhoMne unakI do anya kRtiyoM-re mana gIta' aura 'jaga sapanA gIta' kI sUcanA bhI dI hai, kintu yaha sUcanA bhrAmaka hai / ina nAmoM kI chIhala kI koI racanA nahIM hai| chIhala kI anya racanAoM meM bhI rahasyavAda hai, para patA nahIM kyoM DaoN. siMha ne unakI carcA nahIM kI hai| 6. 'bAvanI' ke mudrita pATha (man 1966 I0) ____ aba taka chohala para pAThakoM kA dhyAna jA cukA thA / ata: 'sAhitya-saMsthAna', udayapura ke zodha-sahAyaka zrI kRSNacandra zAstrI ne chohala kI 'bAvanI' para saMkSipta vicAra usakI eka prati ke AdhAra para mUla pATha kA prakAzana (zodha-patrikA, varSa 17, aMka 1-2; janavarI-apraila, 1966, saMyuktAMka) karAyA / vaha pATha kaI dRSTiyoM se truTita aura azuddha thaa| adyAvadhi 'bAvanI' aprakAzita thI, kintu eka bAra usake truTita aura azuddha pATha ke prakAzita ho jAne para gar3abar3I kI sambhAvanA ke bar3ha jAne ke bhaya se prastuta lekhaka ne vibhinna pANDulipiyoM ke AdhAra para usakA apekSAkRta zuddha pATha 'maru bhAratI' (julAI, 1966 I.) meM prakAzita kraayaa| vahIM usake padya-krama, bhASA ityAdi para bhI saMkSipta vicAra kara liyA gayA thaa| 7. hindI vAvanI kAvya (san 1968 I0) prastuta lekhaka ne hA punaH apane pI-eca0 DI0 zodha grantha meM anya bAvaniyoM ke sAtha chIhala kI 'bAvanI' para bhI vicAra kiyaa| isa prakAra 'bAvanI' ke vivecana-vizleSaNa ko prAya: pUrNatA milii| ___ uparyukta granthoM ke atirikta paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI kA 'kavi chohala' zIrSaka nibandha (anekAnta, agasta 1968 I0) bhI chohala viSayaka yogya sUcanA prastuta karane meM samartha hai / idhara maiMne chohala kI upalabdha sabhI racanAoM kA pATha vibhinna-pANDulipiyoM ke AdhAra para sampAdita to kiyA hai, kintu Aja vyAvasAyika prakAzanoM kI bhAgadaur3a meM merI yaha avyAvasAyika kRti kisI udAramanA sAhityika saskAra sampanna prakAzaka kI bATa joha rahI hai| yahA~ sabhI uddharaNa nijI sampAdita ati se hI rakhe gaye haiN| (kha) chIhala kI jIvanI chohala kI jIvanI adyAvadhi ajJAta hai| 'bAvanI' ke tirapanaveM chappaya meM kavi ke sambandha meM mAtra nimnAMkita sacanA milatI hai : nAlhiga baMsa sinAthU sutana, agaravAla kula pragaTa ravi / bAvannI vasudhA vistarI, kavi-kaMkaNa chohalla kavi // arthAt kavi-kaMkaNa chohala nAlhiga vaMza ke agravAla-kula meM utpanna hue the| unake pitA kA nAma sinAtha (zAha nAthU ?) thaa| isa uddharaNa ke prathama caraNa ke nimnAMkita pATha-bheda bhI prApta hote haiM : ka. nAlDgi baMsa nAthU sutana anUpa0 evaM abhaya0 prti| kha. nAtiga baMsa sinAtha sutanu lUNakaraNa prati / ga. nAlhi gAMva nAthU satana TholiyAna prti| gha. nAniMga baMsa nAthU sutana zodha-prati / upayukta pATha-bheda ke AdhAra para nimnAMkita niSkarSa nikAle jA sakate haiM: ka. chohala ke vaMza kA nAma nAlhiga (ka), nAtiga (kha), nAniMga (gh)| kha. chIhala ke gAMva kA nAma nAlhi (ga), naali'| ga. chIhala ke pitA kA nAma - sinAtha (kha), nAthU (ka, ga, gh)| inameM kauna pATha zuddha hai, nirNaya karanA duSkara hai / samAhara karate hue mAtra itanA hI kahA jAyegA ki chohala nA:lhaga (nAtiga/ 1. ka. sUrapUrva mana bhASA pora usakA sAhitya, pRSTha-166 . apapraza aura hindI meM jaina-rahasyavAda, pRSTha-17 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 156
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________________ nAniMga ?) vaMza ke athavA nAlhi (nAli ?) gAMva ke agravAla-kula meM utpanna hue the| unake pitA kA nAma sinAthU (zAha nAthU ?) yA nAthU thaa| ve apane kula ke sUrya the| kAvyakAritA meM unheM itanA yaza milA ki ve loka meM 'kavi-kaMkaNa' ke nAma se prasiddha hae / isake atirikta aura kisI prakAra kI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| kavi kI guru paramparA athavA jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra kI sUcanA kA abhAva hai| yaha anta: sAkSya mAtra hai| bahiHsAkSya kA sarvathA abhAva hai| chIhala kI racanAoM meM varNita bhaugolika pariveza evaM unakI racanAgata viziSTatAoM ke AdhAra para bhI kucha anumAna kiye gaye haiM / 'paMca-sahelI' meM tAlAboM Adi ke ullekha ke AdhAra para mizrabandhuoM ne anumAna kiyA hai ki "ye mAravAr3a kI tarapha ke" the (mizrabandhu-vinoda, prathama bhAga 223) / AcArya zukla ne bhI inheM "rAjapUtAne kI ora kA" svIkAra kiyA hai, para unhoMne apane anumAna ke kAraNoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| bhASA para rAjasthAnI prabhAva ke kAraNa DaoN. motIlAla menAriyA, DaoN. hIrAlAla mAhezvarI, DaoN. rAma kumAra varmA aura DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ne bhI inheM rAjapUtAnA kA nivAsI mAnanA cAhA hai| vastuta: aisA anumAna kiyA jAnA anucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| samasta racanAoM kI bhASA-zailI ke AdhAra para inakA sambandha rAjasthAna se jor3anA saMgata hai : bhale hI inakA janma kisI anya kSetra meM huA ho para inhoMne apanI karmasthalI rAjasthAna ko avazya banAyA hogaa| ___zrI mohanacanda dalIcanda desAI ne chohala ko jainetara kavi mAnA thA (jaina gurjara kavio, pRSTha 2116), para 'paMca-sahelI' ke atirikta zeSa racanAoM meM chIhala ne arihantoM evaM jaina devoM kA stavana kiyA hai jo unake jaina matAnuyAyI hone ke sAkSya upasthita karate haiN| ataH zrI desAI kA anumAna (janetara honA) aba mithyA pratIta hotA hai| unakI kRtiyA~ unheM jaina kavi hI siddha karatI haiN| punaH kevala jaina-zAstra bhANDAroM meM hI chohala kI kRtiyoM ke hastalekhoM kA milanA bhI isI tathya ko puSTa karatA hai| astu, chohala ko janetara kavi kahane kA bhrama anucita hai / (ga) chohala kA samaya chohala kI do racanAoM meM unake racanA-kAla kA ullekha hai| yathAka. paMca sahelI (vikramAbda 1575) panaraha sai pacahattarau, pUNima phAguNa mAsa / paMca-sahelI baraNavI, kavi chohala paragAsa // 68 / / kha. bAvanI (vikramAbda 1584) caurAso aggalA sai ju panaraha saMvacchara / sukula pamya aSTamI mAsa kAtiga guruvAsara / / 53 / / ina racanAoM ke racanAkAla ke AdhAra para anumita kiyA jAyagA ki chIhala vikramAnda 1575-1584 meM kavitA raca rahe the| aura kisI bhI kRti meM racanAkAla ullikhita nahIM hai / sabhA racanAoM ke adhyayana-anuzIlana se aisA nizcaya hotA hai ki paMca-sahelI' kadAcita pahalI racanA hai| 'paMca-sahelI' ke rUpa meM mIThA mana kaM bhAvatAM' kA jo 'sarasa bakhAna' kavi ne kiyA hai, vaha usake bhAvaka kizora. mAnasa kA sahaja ucchala prakAzana bhI hai| isa AdhAra para anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki kavi ne usakI racanA bIsa-bAIsa varSa kI avasthA meM kI hogI / astu, chIhala kA janma anumAnataH vikramAbda 1555 ke Asa-pAsa huA hogaa| vaha kitane varSoM taka jIvita rahA, yaha jAnane ke lie koI spaSTa AdhAra nahIM hai, para vikramAbda 1584 taka vaha avazya jIvita thaa| astu, moTe taura para kahA jA sakatA hai ki chohala vikrama kI solahavIM zatI uttarArddha meM vartamAna the aura unakA racanAkAla kama-se-kama vikramAbda 1575-1584 avazya thaa| (gha) chohala kI racanAeM adyAvadhi chIhala kI nimnAMkita racanAoM kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ vibhinna jaina-zAstrabhANDAroM meM upalabdha huI haiM : 1. paMca-sahelI-racanAkAla 1575 vi0 saM0 4. panthI-gIta 2. bAvanI -, 1584 vi0 saM0 5. paMcendriya veli 3. udara-gIta 6. Atma pratibodha jayamAla AcAryarala zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja mabhinandana pampa
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________________ kucha adhyetAoM ne inake atirikta tIna anya racanAoM-(1) re mana gIta, (2) jaga sapanA gIta, aura (3) phuTakara gIta, kI bhI sUcanAeM dI haiN| hamAre dekhane meM ye racanAeM nahIM AI haiN| sambhavataH prathama donoM racanAe kramaza: 'panthI-gIta' aura 'paMcendriya veli' ke hI bhinna nAma haiN| jo bhI ho, kintu baharahAla ye sUcya mAtra haiN| AgAmI paktiyoM meM pratyeka racanA para Avazyaka vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| gha/1 paMca-sahelI __ racanA-krama kI dRSTi se 'paMca-sahelI' chohala kI kadAcit prathama racanA hai| yaha kula ar3asaTha dohoM meM pUrNa huI hai / antima dohe meM racanAkAla ullikhita hai jisase vidita hotA hai ki vikramAbda 1575 kI phAlguNa-pUrNimA ko kavi ne ise pUrNa kiyA thA (draSTavya:pUrva uddhRta dohaa)| do pANDulipiyoM meM prApta pATha-bheda se isakA racanA-varSa 1574 vikramAbda bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / yathA ka. samvata panaraha cahUttarai Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura kI prati / kha. sambata panaraha cahutaraha - abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnera kI prati / prastuta lekhaka ne 'panaraha sai pacahattarau' (adhikAMza pratiyoM ke pATha) ke AdhAra para hI racanA-varSa 1575 vikramAbda svIkAra kiyA hai| paMca-sahelI' ko kathA athavA ghaTanA kA kendra caMderI nAmaka nagara hai| caMderI bar3A suhAvanA nagara hai| zobhA meM vaha sAkSAt suraloka hai| vahA~ sthAna-sthAna para mandira bane haiM / mandiroM ke kaMgare svarNajaTita haiM / vahA~ sthAna-sthAna para nirmala jala se paripUrNa kae, bAvar3I aura tAlAba haiM jinakI sIDhiyA~ sphaTika nirmita haiM / vahA~ ke nivAsI guNajJa, vidvAn, rasika aura cAroM puruSArthoM se sampanna haiN| unakA jIvana Ananda aura modapUrNa hai / nAriyA~ rUpa-guNa sampanna haiM; ve sAkSAt rambhA ke samAna haiN| vasanta Rtu A gayI hai| nAriyAM vastrAbhUSaNa se sajjita ho, muha meM pAna-bITaka rakha, thAla meM covA-candana aura sugandhita puSpa le vasanta khelatI haiN| koI madhura svara meM vasanta gAtI hai, koI rAsa dikhAtI hai, koI hiNDole ko peMga detI hai| ve vividha prakAra se hAsa vilAsa karatI haiM, kintu unameM pA~ca saheliyA~-mAlina, tambolina, chIpIna, kalAlina aura sonArina ekadama alaga-thalaga guma-suma baiThI haiM / ve na ha~satI haiM, na gAtI haiN| unhoMne zRgAra prasAdhana bhI nahIM kiyA hai / unake keza rukSa haiM aura vastra malina / ve dukhita haiM, raharaha kara bilakha uThatI haiM, lambI sA~seM letI haiN| usI rAste se gujaratA huA kavi chIhala jaba unake kumhalAe mukhar3e aura zuSka adharoM ko dekhatA hai, to sahAnubhUtivaza vaha unake nikaTa jAtA hai aura unake duHkha kA kAraNa pUchatA hai| kavi dvArA pUche jAne para una pA~coM ne apane-apane paricaya to diye hI, duHkha kA kAraNa bhI btaayaa| mAlina, tambolina, chIpIna, kalAlina aura sonArina-ye bholI grAmabAlAeM apanI-apanI mArmika vyathA apane jIvana kI suparicita evaM gharelU vastuoM evaM unake prati Antarika lagAva ke mAdhyama se prakaTa karatI haiN| sarvaprathama mAlina apanI pIr3A kA varNana karate hue kahatI hai : merA kAnta mujhe bhare yauvana meM chor3a kara anya deza calA gayA hai| viraha-mAlI ne merI hRdaya-kyArI ko duHkha-jala se ApUrita kara rakhA hai| merA kamala-badana murajhA gayA hai aura vanarAji-sA zarIra sUkha gayA hai| priyatama ke binA mujhe eka-eka kSaNa eka-eka varSa ke barAbara lagatA hai / tana-taruvara para yauvana-rasa se pUrNa jo stana-santare (nAraMgI) lage, ve aba sUkhane lage haiN| inheM sIMcane vAlA aba bhI dUra jo hai / zArIra-vATikA meM merA mana-prasUna prasphuTita to haA, para usakA suvAsa lene vAlA priyatama hai nahIM; ata: mujhe rAta-dina pIr3ita karate haiN| campe kI kaliyoM se maiMne eka hAra gUthA, kintu priyatama ke abhAva meM pahanane para yaha aMgoM ko aMgAra-sA pratIta hotA hai (dohA 17-22) / tambolina ne batAyA ka jabase priyatama bichar3a gayA hai, taba se mere sAre sukha samApta ho gaye haiM / viraha merI colI ke bhItara praviSTa ho mujhe jalA rahA hai / merA mana sadA tar3apatA rahatA hai, netra nirjhara bane rahate haiM / zarIra-vRkSa ke patte jhulasa gaye haiM aura deha-latA kumhalA gayI hai| vasanta kI ye rAteM mere lie duvala ho gayI haiM, kATe nahIM kaTatIM / aura ye saMtapta dina, chAyA-pradAyaka priyatama ke abhAva meM aura adhika jalAte haiN| virahAgni hRdaya meM praviSTa ho gayI hai, priyatama-pAnI ke abhAva meM bujhatI nahIM, dhU-dhU kara jalAtI rahatI hai| he catura ! duHkha kA varNana karU~ to kaise, kucha kahA bhI to nahIM jAtA (dohA 24-26) / jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 161
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________________ azrupUrita netroMvAlI chIpIna (darjI kI patnI) ne batAyA ki mere hRdaya kI pIr3A ko koI nahIM jaantaa| mere tana 29 / ko viraha rUpI darjI duHkha rUpI kataranI (kaicI) se dinAnudina kATatA calA jAtA hai| pUrA byoMta bhI nahIM letA (dohA 32) / Age vaha kahatI hai : duHkha kA dhAgA bITiyA, sAra suI kara lei| cInaji bandhai kAya kari, naha naha bakhiyA dei // 33 / biraha raMgAra raMgahIM, dei majITha suraMga / rasa lIyo avaiTAya kari, vA kasa kIyo aMga // 34 / / yadyapi viraha ne chIpIna ke sukha ko naSTa kara duHkha kA saMcAra kara diyA hai, tathApi usase eka upakAra bhI ho gayA hai ki viraha-tApa se usake zarIra ke jala kara kSAra ho jAne se aba vaha dukhoM se mukti pA gayI hai (dohA 36) / kalAlina ne apane dukha kA varNana karate hue batAyA ki priyatama ne mere zarIra ko viraha-bhAThI para car3hA kara akaM banA DAlA hai : mo tana bhAThI jyu tapai, nayana cuvai mddhaar| binahI avaguna mujana sU, kasa kari rahA bhratAra // 36 // isa birahA ke kAraNe, bahuta bAra kIva / cita kU ceta na bAhurai, gayau piyA le jIva // 4 // hiyarA bhItara hau~ jalau~, karau~ ghamero sosa / baharI havA vallahA, viraha kisA sU dosa / / 42 // kalAlina kI deha para madamAte yauvana kI phAga-Rtu chiTaka AyI hai, kintu priyatama dUra hai, vaha phAga kisake sAtha khele ? aisI sthiti meM use kevala 'visUri-visUri' kara maranA hI zeSa raha gayA hai (do0 42) / pAMcavI virahiNI sonArina ne batAyA : maiM viraha-sAgara meM aisI DUba rahI hai ki thAha bhI nahIM paatii| mere prANoM ko madanasonAra ne hRdaya-aMgIThI para jalA-jalA kara koyalA banA diyA hai-merA 'suhAga' (suhAgA; saubhAgya) hI gala gayA hai| viraha ne merA sapa' (rUpA; saundarya) aura 'sona' ( svarNa ; sonA=nIMda) donoM curA liye ; priyatama ghara meM hai nahIM, ata: rakSArtha maiM kisakI pukAra lgaa| mere zarIra ke kATe (tulA) para taulane se, patA nahIM, priyatama ko kyA sukha milA hai (dohA 45-46) / kavi ne pA~coM virahiNiyoM kI viraha-vyathA ko sahAnubhUtipUrvaka sunA aura unheM sAMtvanA de vaha vahAM se calA gyaa| kucha dina pazcAt vaha usa nagara meM punaH aayaa| usa samaya varSA Rtu thI, AkAza meghAcchAdita thA, bijalI lukA-chipI kara rahI thii| dharatI para sarvatra harItimA thI / vaha usa sthAna vizeSa para gayA jahAM pahale pAMcoM virahiNiyoM se milA thaa| saMyogavaza isa bAra bhI ve pAMcoM vahA~ upasthita thiiN| isa bAra pUrA zamA hI badalA huA thaa| unakA mukha-maNDala prasanna thA / ve sajI-dhajI, Anandamagna ho malhAra gA rahI thIM, taraha-taraha kI krIr3A kara rahI thiiN| unheM dekhate hI chIhala ne unase pUchA / mai tumi bhAminI bukmiNI, dekhI thI uNi bAra / abahIM dekha ha~samukhI, mo sUkahau vicAra // 55 / / parivattita sthiti isakI sUcaka thI ki unake dina aba sukhapUrvaka bIta rahe haiM / kavi ke pUchane para unhoMne batAyA : gayau vasanta viyoga meM, grISama kAlA maas| pAvasa Rtu piya Aviyau, pUjI mana kI Asa // 57 / / Age pratyeka ne apane-apane sukhamaya jIvana kA eka-eka dohe meM kathana kiyA hai| racanA samApta karane ke pUrva kavi ne upasaMhAra svarUpa maMgala-kAmanA kI hai : AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana amma
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________________ dhani ve mandira dhani divasa, dhani so pAvasa eh| dhani bAlama ghara Aviyau, dhami so barasii meha // 65 // uparilikhita adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki 'paMca-sahelI' solahavIM zatI kA eka viziSTa zRgAra-kAvya hai / hindI-sAhityetihAsakAroM ne isake mUlyAMkana meM prAya: nyAya nahIM kiyA hai| adhikAMza ne prAya: piTI-piTAyI sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para pustaka ko binA dekhe sAmAnya koTi kA ghoSita kara diyA hai| mizrabandhu, AcArya rAmacandra zukla evaM DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ke mata isI ko puSTa karate haiM / isakA pahalI bAra sahI mUlya A~kate dikhAyI par3ate haiM DaoN. zivaprasAda siMha / unhoMne ise "solahavIM zatAbdI kA anupama zRgAra kAvya" ghoSita karate hue likhA : "isa prakAra kA viraha-varNana, upamAnoM kI itanI svAbhAvikatA aura tAjagI anyatra milanA durlabha hai| sAtha hI unhoMne eka mahattvapUrNa sthApanA yaha bhI kI-"yadi kavi chIhala kI zRgArika racanAoM kA vivecana huA hotA to rItikAlIna zRgAra-cetanA ke udgama ke lie adhika UhApoha karane kI jarUrata na huI hotii|" dhyAtavya hai ki DaoN. zivaprasAda siMha ne isakA mUlyAMkana mAtra zRgArakAvya ke rUpa meM-rItikAlIna zRgAra-kAvya kI pUrvapIThikA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai, unakA dhyAna jaina-bhaktikAvya ke rUpa meM isa para nahIM gayA hai| isameM vaimatya nahIM ki 'paMca-sahelI' kavi ke kizora-mAnasa kI ucchala aura uddAma kintu anupama abhivyakti hai / isameM zrRMgAra ke ubhaya pakSoM kA svAbhAvika varNana huA hai / saMyoga kI apekSA viyoga ke varNana meM kavi kA hRdaya adhika ramA hai| vidyApati ke viraha gItoM ke pazcAt hindI meM viraha kA itanA sajIva, svAbhAvika aura vizvasanIya varNana isake pUrva kisI anya racanA meM nahIM huA hai / aisI racanAoM ne bhAvI zRgAra-kAvya ke lie yadi mArga prazasta kiyA ho to Azcarya kaisA? isakA mahattva eka anya dRSTi se bhI hai / eka ora yaha jahAM phuTakala dohoM kA saMgraha hai ; muktaka-koza hai, vahIM isameM kathA kA eka nizcita kama hone se ise ekArtha kAvya kA svarUpa bhI prApta ho gayA hai| vizuddha kAlpanika kathAnaka para racA jAne vAlA isa prakAra kA koI bhI kAvya hindI meM isake pUrva kA adyAvadhi upalabdha nahIM huA hai| isameM kalpanA-prasUta kathA kA, cAhe vaha kitanI hI kSINa kyoM na ho, vidhAna svIkRta hai| kadAcit isI kAraNa AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne ise 'laukika prema-kathAnaka' mAnanA cAhA hai / kahanA nahIM hogA ki isa dRSTi se chIhala hindI meM viziSTa mahattva ke adhikArI haiM aura 'kavi-kaMkaNa' kI inakI upAdhi sArthaka hai| chohala mAtra kavi nahIM, jaina bhakta kavi haiM / bhakta chohala ko maddenajara rakhakara 'paMca-sahelI' para vicAra karane se katipaya anya vizeSatAeM bhI pratyakSa hotI haiN| bhakti aura adhyAtma kI dRSTi se 'paMca-sahelI' eka rUpaka kAvya (Allegorical Narative) ho gayA hai| paMca saheliyA~ haiM jIvAtmAeM aura priyatama haiM prmaatmaa| priyatama-viyuktA saheliyoM ne jisa viraha kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha paramAtmApriyatama kA viraha hai| sAdhanA kI siddhi, prema kI ananyatA Adi ke abhAva meM jIvAtmAeM virahiNI banI haiN| viraha prema kA poSaka aura varddhaka hai, mAraka nahIM / jIvAtmAoM kA prema viraha meM paripakva banatA hai, sAdhanA siddhAvasthA ko prApta karatI hai aura priyatamaparamAtmA mila jAtA hai| paramAtmA kI prApti hI priya-milana hai| saMyogAvasthA hI paramAnanda aura carama anubhUti kI avasthA hai / aneka jaina bhakta kaviyoM ne paramAnanda kI isa sthiti kA nirUpaNa AMgika milana ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se rAmasiMha kA 'pAhuDa dohA' dekhA jA sakatA hai| astu, paMca.saheliyoM ke priyatama se AMgika milana ke varNanoM (dohA 56, 60, 61 ityAdi) meM rahasyavAda kI pA~cavIM aura antima avasthA (milana) kA rUpa upasthita haA hai / vastuta: AMgika milana kA nimnAMkita varNana bhI yahI hai : gholI kholi taMbolinI, kADyA gAtra apAra / raMga kiyA baDDa pIva sU, nayana milAye tAra |56 / / ise hI 'rabhasa' kI sthiti bhI svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai / astu, kahanA cAhie ki "paMca-sahelI' na kevala eka anupama zRMgAra-kAvya hai, varan apane-Apa meM eka saphala rUpaka kAvya bhI hai| isameM jaina rahasyavAda ko bar3I sUkSmatA aura kuzala kalAtmakatA se kavi ne upasthita kara diyA hai| gha/2 bAvanI chohala kRta 'bAvanI' ko AcArya rAmacaMdra zukna ne calate DhaMga se bAvana dohoM kI racanA kahA hai, kintu isameM bAvana dohe nahIM, tirapana chappaya (anUpa saMskRta pustakAlaya, bIkAnera, grantha saM0 283/2 (jha) meM cauvana chappaya) haiM aura haiM bhI ye bar3e mahattva ke| 1. sarapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pRSTha 170 2. vahI, pRSTha 168 jaina sAhityAnuzIlana
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________________ isakI racanA kavi ne vikramAbda 1584 ke kArtika mAsa meM kI thI (draSTavya-pUrva uddhRta paMktiyAM) / isI pustaka ke tirapana chappaya meM kavi kI upAdhi 'kavi-kaMkaNa' bhI prayukta huI hai| isase sahaja hI anumita hotA hai ki isa samaya taka chIhala kAvyakAritA kI dRSTi se prakhyAta ho cuke the evaM unheM 'kavi-kaMkaNa' kI upAdhi prApta huI thii| Arambha ke prathama pAMca chappayoM meM 'OM nama: siddhaH' kA krama hai aura taduparAnta sabhI chappaya nAgarAkSara-krama se racita haiN| kramanirvAha meM do svara (o, au) aura tIna vyaMjana (kSa, tra, jJa) chor3a diye gaye haiM / paMcamAkSaroM ke lie 'na' evaM 'R', 'R', 'la', 'la', 'ya', 'va', 'za' ke lie kramaza: 'ri', 'rI' 'li', 'lI', 'ja', 'o', 'sa' ke prayoga hue haiN| kaI anya jaina kaviyoM ne bhI bAvaniyoM meM nAgarAkSara kA yaha parivattita rUpa padya-krama ke lie grahaNa kiyA hai|' 'bAvanI' kA prathama chappaya maMgalAcaraNAtmaka hai jisameM OMkAra aura jaina devoM kI vandanA kI gayI hai / antima chappaya meM 'bAvanI' kA racanAkAla aura kavi-vaMza ityAdi ullikhita haiN| zeSa chappayoM meM nIti aura upadeza ke viSaya vaNita haiN| 'bAvanI' kA pratipAdya viSaya jaina matAnusAra vyAvahArika nIti kA pratipAdana karanA hai| isameM sAmAnyataH indriya-nigraha, Izvara-smaraNa, zIla, kItti, samaya kI parivartanazIlatA, uttama kAryoM ke zIghra sampAdana, pUrva lekha, akaraNIya kArya, karma rekhA, upakAra, bhAva, viveka, garva kI vyarthatA, svabhAva, karma, saMsAra kI svArthaparAyaNatA, svArthI mitra, vajramUrkha, avaguNa-tyAga aura guNa-grahaNa, saMtoSa, kRpaNatA kA virodha, upakArIjana kI rakSaNIyatA, nIcoM kI saMgati kA tyAga, dhana kI vyarthatA, avasara bItane para diye gaye dAna kI vyarthatA', ityAdi ke sambandha meM bar3e bhAvapUrNa chappaya kahe gaye haiN| vaNita nIti aura upadeza ke viSaya haiM to prAcIna aura paramparINa, kintu prastutIkaraNa kI maulikatA, pratipAdana kI vizadatA evaM dRSTAntacayana kI sUkSmatA isameM sarvatra vartamAna hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha racanA uttama bana gayI hai / DaoN. zivaprasAda siMha ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki "nIti aura upadeza ko mukhyataH viSaya banAte hue bhI racanAkAra kabhI kAvya se dUra nahIM huA hai, isIlie prAyaH usakI kavitA meM nIti bhI eka naye DhaMga se tathA naye bhAvoM ke sAtha abhivyakta huI hai|" viSaya ke cayana aura pratipAdana hetu kavi saMskRta ke subhASitoM, nIti-granthoM Adi kA bhI RNI hai| isake bAvajada kavi ne apane chappayoM ko saMskRta ke anuvadana kA anudhAvana hone se bacA liyaa| isa dRSTi se nimnAMkita chappaya dekhe jA sakate haiM / yathA : ka. paccIsavAM chappaya cata mAsa banarAi phalai phullai tazvara saha / to kyu dosa vasanta patta hove karIra naMhu / / divasa ulUka ju andha taptau ravi ko nahiM avaguna / cAtaka nIra na lahai nazthi dUSaNa barasata dhana / / dukha sukha daIva jo nirmayo, likhi lalATA soi lahai / viSa vAva na kari re mUr3ha nara, pharma dosa chohala kahai / / tulanIya patra nava yadA karIraviTape doSo basantasya kinolakopyavalokate yadi divA sUryasya ki dUSaNam / dhArA naiva patanti cAtakamukhe meghayaki dUSaNayatpUrva vidhinA lalATalikhitaM tanmAjikaH kSamaH // -nIti zataka (bhartRhari) 1. vizeSa ke lie draSTavya - prastuta lekhaka kRta 'hindI bAvanI kAvya' 2. bAvanI, chappaya saM0 kramaza: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. 14 (17, 23, 44), 16, 21, 22 (24, 26, 34), 25, 27, 26, 31, 33; 35, 37 40,41, 45 bhaura 51 3. sUrapUrva brajabhASA aura usakA sAhitya, pRSTha 171 164 AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya
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________________ kha. ekatIsavAM chappaya ThAkura mitta ju jANi mUr3ha haraSai je citth| aru tiya taNau visAsa karai jiya mahiM je nittaha // sarapa sunAra juAra sarisa jo prIti lagAvai / besyA apaNI jANi chayala jo chaMbau chAvaha / / viracanta bAra inakaha nahIM, mUriSa mana jo ruuciyaa| chohalla kahai saMsAra mahi, te nara anti bigUciyA / / tulanIya durjanena samaM sakhyaM proti cApi na kArayet / uSNo dahati cAGgAraH kRSNAyate karam // -subhASita ratna bhANDAgAra, pRSTha 55 / ga. taitAlIsavAM chappaya - bhramara ikka nisi bhramai pariu paMkaja ke saMpaTi / mana mahi maMDai Asa rayaNi khiga mAhi jAi ghaTi / / karihaiM jalaja vikAsa sUra parabhAta udaya jaba / madhakara mana citavai makta havai hai baMdhana taba / / chohalla dvirada tAhI samaya, sara mo Ayau daiba basi / ali kamala patra puraiNi sahita, nimiSa mAhi so gayau prasi / / tulanIya rAtrirgamiSyati bhaviSyati suprabhAta bhAsvAnudeSyati hasiSyati paMkajazrIH / ityaM vicintayati koSagate dvirephe hA hanta hanta nalinI gaja ujjahAra / / -saMskRta subhaassit| ina udAharaNoM se chIhala ke bhAva-grahaNa-cAturya, kavi-kauzala aura kAvya-marma ko pahacAnane kI kSamatA kA patA to calatA hI hai, yaha bhI anumita hotA hai ki unhoMne saMskRta kA acchA jJAna prApta kiyA hogA / nizcaya hI viSaya-nirUpaNa, bhAva-pratipAdana, dRSTAntacayana, anukula bhASA-zailI Adi kI dRSTi se chIhalakRta 'bAvanI' hindI nIti-kAvya kI anUThI nidhi hai / isameM nirUpita nIti ke viSaya jitane vaiyaktika mahattva ke haiM, utane hI sAmAjika mahattva ke bhii| ve pArivArika aura sAmAjika dRSTi se jitane mUlyavAna haiM, utane ho dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhii| vastutaH unakA kSetra bar3A vyApaka hai| pichale kheve kI nIti viSayaka racanAoM ko bhI 'bAvanI' ne paryApta prerita aura prabhAvita kiyA hai| yahA~ chIhala kevala nItikAra nahIM, apitu yogya nItikAvyakAra haiN| gha/3. udara-gIta 'udara gIta' meM kevala cAra padya haiM / cAroM padya utkRSTa bhakti-gIta ke udAharaNa haiN| ina gItoM meM kavi ne batAyA hai ki mAnava apanI mAtA ke garbha meM piNDarUpa meM vAsa karane se lekara mRtyu paryanta ajJAnI aura viSayAsakta banA rahatA hai, vaha jina (athavA parabrahma) kI bhakti nahIM karatA hai| isIlie vaha jIvanmukta nahIM ho paataa| racanA meM upakrama aura upasaMhAra kA abhAva hai, jo isake gIta-saMkalana hone kA pramANa hai / chIhala kahate haiM ki jIva dasa mAsa garbhastha rahatA hai / garbha meM piNDa rUpa meM use adhomukha rahanA par3atA hai-atyadhika kaSTa sahanA par3atA hai| kaSTapUrNa sthiti meM vaha socatA hai ki isa bAra kaSTa se uddhAra pAne ke nimitta jinendra kI bhakti kruuNgaa| vaha janma pAtA hai / janma pAte hI, saMsAra kI havA lagate ho, vaha mUrkha saba kucha bhUla jAtA hai (giit-1)| jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 165
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________________ jIva bAlaka ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / janma lete hI vaha acaitanya ho jAtA hai| vaha dharatI para loTatA aura giratA-par3atA rahatA hai| bhUkha lagane para rotA hai aura mAtA kA dUdha pIkara zAMta ho jAtA hai| usake mukha se lAra TapakatI rahatI hai| use na mUtra-viSThA kA jJAna hotA hai aura na bhakSyAbhakSya kA; vaha lakSya-alakSya bhI bhUla jAtA hai| isI kAraNa vaha jinavara kI bhakti nahIM kara pAtA aura isI prakAra usakA bacapana samApta ho jAtA hai (giit-2)| bAlaka yuvA banatA hai / yauvana kI mastI meM vaha cAroM dizAoM meM lakSyahIna ghUmatA rahatA hai| para-dhana aura paratiya meM hI usakA mana lagA rahatA hai| aisA karane meM use Ananda to milatA hai, para usakA citta sadA asthira aura caMcala banA rahatA hai| usakI samajha meM AtA hI nahIM ki yaha 'viSa-phala' hai| 'amIphala' to jinavara kI sevA mAtra hai jise usane sarvathA chor3a diyA hai| parabrahma ko bisAra dene se kAma, mAyA, mohAdi usa para adhikAra kara lete haiM, pariNAmata: vaha yauvana meM bhI jinavara kI pUjA nahIM kara pAtA hai| isa prakAra yauvana bhI vyartha hI vyatIta ho jAtA hai (gIta-3) / antata: vairI bar3hApA AyA / sudhi-buddhi naSTa hone lagI taba use pazcAtApa huA / kAnoM kI zravaNa-zakti kSINa hone lgii| AMkhoM kI jyoti dhamila par3ane lagI, kintu jIvana kI lAlasA meM kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM AyI-jIvana ke prati Asakti aura adhika bar3ha gayI / chIhala prabodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki nara ! tU bhrama meM par3a kara bhaTaka kyoM rahA hai ? yadi tU yuktipUrvaka jinendra kI bhakti karegA, to bhavasAgara ko lIlAvat pAra kara jAyegA (giit-4)| gItoM ke uparivizleSaNa se vidita hotA hai ki ye utkRSTa bhakti-gIta haiM / inameM chIhala kA maramI saMta sahaja rUpa meM khulAkhilA hai| isa viSaya se sambandhita hindI meM aneka jaina evaM janetara kaviyoM ne gIta likhe haiM / tulasIdAsa kI 'vinaya-patrikA' meM aise aneka gIta haiM jinase chIhala ke ina gItoM kI tulanA sahaja hI kI jA sakatI hai / ye gIta mAtra Atma abhivyaMjanAtmaka hI nahIM, svasaMvedana-jJAna se bhI yukta haiM / yahI inakI upalabdhi hai| gha/4. panthI-gIta panthI-gIta' meM kula chaha padya haiN| yaha eka laghu kintu uttama rUpaka kAvya hai jisake dvArA sAMsArika prANI ko sAMsArikatA ke mithyAtva kA upadeza kiyA gayA hai / isa rUpaka kA mUla srota 'mahAbhArata' hai jo jaina-granthoM meM svIkRta huA hai / mahAbhAratIya daSTAnta jaina-granthoM meM kiMcit bhinna rUpa meM svIkRta huA hai / chIla ke isa rUpaka kI mahAbhAratIya dRSTAnta se tulanA karane para bhI vaha bhinnatA spaSTa hue binA nahIM rahatI hai / spaSTa hai ki chIhala ne isa rUpaka ko jana-srota se hI grahaNa kara kAvya kA rUpa diyA hai| __ 'pandhI-gIta' ke prathama cAra padyoM meM rUpaka ko kathAtmaka pUrNatA milI hai| pAMcaveM padya meM kavi ne rUpaka ko spaSTa kiyA hai aura chaThA padya upadezaparaka hai| rUpaka eka lokapriya kathA ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| kathA nimnAMkita hai : eka pathika calate-calate siMhoM ke ghane araNya meM pahu~cA / vahAM pahu~ca vaha rAstA bhUla kara idhara-udhara bhaTakane lgaa| tabhI sAmane se eka madonmatta hAthI AtA huA dikhA / hAthI kA rUpa raudra thaa| vaha krodhAbhibhUta ho pracaNDa zuNDa ko idhara-udhara ghumA rahA thaa| use dekha pathika bhayabhIta ho gayA; vaha Dara se kAMpane lagA (padya-1) / hAthI se bacane ke lie pathika bhAga calA / hAthI ne usakA pIchA kiyaa| Age ghAsa-phUsa se DhaMkA eka kUpa thA / jIvanarakSA kI AturatA ke kAraNa bhAgate pathika ko kUpa kA andAja nahIM huA aura vaha usameM gira pdd'aa| girate hue pathika ke hAtha meM sarakaNDoM kA eka gucchA pakar3A gayA, jo kUpa kI dIvAra meM hI uga AyA thaa| vahAM aura kucha thA nahIM, ata: sarakaNDe kA gucchA mAtra hI aba pathika kA avalamba thA (giit-2)| kapa meM sarakaNDoM ke gucche ke sahAre jhUlatA huA pathika kaThina dukha jhelane lgaa| Upara hAthI khar3A thaa| cAroM dizAoM meM cAra phaNidhara kuNDalI mAra kara jame the aura nIce kUpa ke tala meM ajagara muMha khole par3A thaa| sAtha hI zveta aura zyAma varNa ke do cUhe sarakaNDoM kI jar3eM khoda rahe the| aisI sthiti meM pathika soca rahA thA ki aba isa saMkaTa se uddhAra nahIM hogA (padya-3) / kapa ke pAsa baragada kA eka vakSa thaa| usakI DAliyoM meM madhumakkhiyoM ke chatte the| hAthI ne baragada ko jhakajhora diyaa| 1. mahAbhArata, strI-parva, rAjA dhRtarASTra ko vidara kA upadeza : saMsAra-paraNya kA nirUpaNa / AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ phalataH asaMkhya madhumakkhiyA~ ur3a par3I aura pathika ko kATane lgiiN| pathika kA kaSTa aura adhika bar3ha gyaa| tabhI chatte se madhu kI bundeM bhI TapakI jo pathika ke muha meM par3I / pathika kI jihvA ne una madhu-bUndoM kA AsvAdya pAyA / madhu-bUndoM ke AsvAda se prApta kSaNika sukha meM pathika apane sabhI dukha bhUla gayA (padya -4) / rUpaka-kathA itanI hI hai| pA~caveM padya meM kavi ne rUpaka ko spaSTa kiyA hai| yathA 1. pathika - jIva, 4. kUpa - saMsAra, 7. ajagara - nigoda, 2. jaMgala - ajJAna, 5. sarakaNDA - jIvana kI AzA, 8. madhu-bUnda - viSaya-sukha, 3. hAthI - yama, 6. phaNidhara - gati (dizA), 6. mUSakadvaya - rAta-dina rUpaka ko spaSTa karane ke pazcAt antima (chaThe) padya meM chIhala ne saMsArI jIva ko upadeza diyA hai ki saMsAra kA yahI vyavahAra hai| ataH, he ga~vAra ! tU ceta jaa| jo moha-nidrA meM soye haiM, ve asAvadhAna haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve jinendra ko bhala gaye haiN| zarIra-sukha aura indriyoM ke rasa meM bhaTaka jAnA mAnava-jIvana ko vyartha naSTa kara denA hai / he Atman ! aba taka tU nAnA prakAra ke dIrgha dakhoM ko sahana karatA rahA hai; jinendra dvArA pratipAdita mukti mArga kI yuktiyoM kA avalambana kara ta aba bhI mukti-pada prApta kara sakatA hai (pdy-6)| spaSTa hai ki rUpaka ke misa chIhala saMsArI jIva ko jinendra kI bhakti kI ora hI unmukha karanA cAhate haiN| jaina maramI saMtoM ko yaha rUpaka adhika priya rahA hai| chIhala ke paravartI aneka jaina kaviyoM ne isa para padya-racanA kI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI 'madhabinduka caupAI' isa dRSTi se dekhI jA sakatI hai| chIhala kI yaha rUpaka-racanA apanI sImAoM meM eka uttama laghu rUpaka kAvya hai| yoM isakA sampUrNa svara bodhaparaka hai, para bhakti-kAvya kI yahI sImA aura zakti rahI hai| gha/5. paMcendriya veli paMcendriya veli' cAra padyoM ko bhaktiparaka racanA hai| padyoM meM Atmasambodhana aura jinezvara kI bhakti ke upadeza nihita haiN| Age pratyeka padya kA kathya upasthita kiyA jAtA hai / mana ko upadeza karate hue chIhala kahate hai : he Atman ! tU bhramavaza viSaya-vAsanA ke vana meM kyoM bhaTaka rahA hai ? tU mamatva meM kyoM bhala gayA hai ? tumhArI mati kaisI ho gayI hai? sAre sAMsArika viSaya magajala kI taraha haiN| inase kabhI tRpti nahIM miltii| ghara zarIra, sampatti, putra, bandhu-sabhI nazvara haiM / unheM anazvara jAna kara hI tU aba taka jinezvara kI sevA se vimukha rahA hai| tU sacamaca murkha aura ajJAnI hai / aba bhI samaya hai, sa~bhala jAo (pdy-1|| he Atmana ! aneka yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karane ke pazcAt tujhe yaha mAnava-jovana milA hai / yaha devoM ke lie bhI durlabha hai| ma jIvana ko vyartha mata naSTa kara-kAga ko ur3Ane ke lie cintAmaNi ko naSTa karanA vyartha hai| jinezvara kI sevA ke binA saba vyartha hai| sAMsArika sukha svapnavat asAra haiM / jIvana kI sArthakatA jinezvara kI bhakti karane meM hI hai (pdy-2)| he Atman ! marate samaya kevala dharma hI tumhArI sahAyatA karegA / ataH, zarIra meM jaba taka prANa hai taba taka sukRta kara dharma ajita karale / saMsAra meM sarvottama dharma hai jIvoM para dayA krnaa| isa dharma kA tU dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana kara / arihaMta kA dhyAna karate hA saMpama-bhAvanA ko dhAraNa kara; paradhana, parastrI aura paranindA kA parityAga kara sadA paropakAra meM lagA raha / paropakAra hI dharma kA sAra hai (pdy-3)| he bhAtman ! jinavara ke nAma-smaraNa se kaliyuga ke sAre pApa naSTa ho jAte haiN| ata:, pavitrAtmA bana unakA cintana kr| saya deva ko hRdaya meM sthApita karane ke lie hRdaya kA pavitra honA Avazyaka hai| yadi hRdaya-ghaTa apavitra hai, to japa, tapa aura tIrthAdi saba vyartha haiN| yadi paradroha, lampaTatA, aindrika sukha ityAdi mithyA kRtya nahIM chTate, to jIvana vyartha hai| chIhala kahate haiM ki he somana! ta isa sayAnI sIkha ko dhyAna meM rakha ki jinavara ke cintana karane se bhavasAgara kA saMtaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMsAra se makta hone ke lie aura koI upAya nahIM hai (pdy-4)| uparivizleSaNa se spaSTa hai ki ina cAroM padyoM meM chohala ne aindrika mAyA aura usake AkarSaNa se bace rahane ke lie upadeza kiyA hai / padya prabodhanAtmaka hI nahIM AtmasambodhanAtmaka bhI haiN| mana caMcala hai, bhaTaka jAtA hai / apane caMcala mana ko ArAdhyajinavara kI ora unmukha karane ke lie maramI saMta chIhala prayatnazIla haiM / chIhala ke ye gIta kabIra ke 'cetAuNI ko aMga' athavA jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 167
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________________ tulasIdAsa kI ' vinaya patrikA' ke katipaya vinayagItoM kA smaraNa karAte haiM / veli ke ina gItoM meM kuNDaliyA chanda prayukta huA hai / kahIMkahIM lokapracalita rUpaka aura dRSTAnta bhI rakhe gaye haiN| nizcaya hI veli ke ye gIta zreSTha bhaktigIta haiM / gha / 6. Atma pratibodha jayamAla 'Atma pratibodha jayamAla' hindI kI nahIM, apabhraMza kI racanA hai / zabda rUpoM aura kriyA padoM meM 'kAphI sarasatA' ke kAraNa DaoN0 bAsudeva siMha ise purAnI hindI kI racanA mAnanA cAhate haiN| sarasatA to kAlidAsa ityAdi aneka saMskRta kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM bhI hai, to kyA isa AdhAra mAtra para unakI racanAe~ hindI ko mAnI jAyeMgI ? kahanA nahIM hogA ki DaoN0 vAsudeva siMha kA tarka lacara hai evaM apabhraMza ko hindI kahanA anAvazyaka moha kA paricAyaka hai| 'Atma prativodha jayamAla' meM kula taMtosa kar3avaka haiN| Arambhika kar3aka meM kavi chohana ne arihantoM, nirgranthoM, kevaliyoM aura siddhoM kI vandanA kI hai nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki isa pustaka kA pratipAdya viSaya AtmA kA pratibodhana sambodhana aura upadeza hai / isameM AtmA ke svarUpa para kavi ne vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA hai| yahAM kavi kA mana AtmA aura paramAtmA ke cintana evaM katipaya vidhi - niSedhoM ke nirUpaNa meM khUba ramA hai / AtmaglAni se plAvita ho kavi pazcAtApa karatA hai ki vaha viSayoM meM Asakta hokara putra kalatra ke mithyAmoha meM pha~sa kara bhava-vana meM bhaTakatA raha gayA aura satya kA sandhAna nahIM kara skaa| isI kAraNa vaha AtmajJAna se bhI vaMcita raha gayA : 1. paNavidhi bharahanta guru viraganya, kevalaNANa anantaguNI / sihaM paNavepi karama uppiNa sohaM sAsaya parama muNo // 1 // kavi ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki viSaya-vAsanAoM meM lipta ho vaha AtmasvarUpa ko bhUla gayA hai| AtmA kA svarUpa to samasta paudgalika padArthoM se bhinna hai / isIlie usane AtmasvarUpa kA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA hai| usakA nirUpaNa mukhyataH yahI hai ki "maiM darzana-jJAna caritra hU~, deha-prAmANya hU~, maiM hI paramAnanda meM vilAsa karane vAlA jJAna-sarovara kA parama haMsa huuN| maiM caitanyalakSaNa jJAna-piNDa hU~, maiM parama niraMjana guNa-piNDa hU~, maiM sahajAnanda svarUpa sindhu hU~, maiM hI zuddha svabhAva [ ziva ] aura akhaNDa buddha huuN| maiM krodha aura lobha se rahita vItarAga hU~, maiM kevala jJAna aura akhaNDa rUpa huuN| maiM hI parama jyoti svarUpa huuN| maiM hI caubIsa tIrthaMkara, nava haladhara aura kAmadeva hU~ / " yathA - 168 bhavana hiDanta vizvAsa hAmI kinpi Na jANiva / lohAvala sata puta kalalAI moM maMci appANau || 6 || jIva jaba AtmasvarUpa ko vismRta kara detA hai tabhI vaha nAnA prakAra ke kaSToM ko bhogatA hai| isIlie kavi jinavara kI bhakti karane ke lie apane mana ko vibhinna kar3avakoM meM prabodhita karatA hai / Atmaprabodhana hI pustaka kA mUla pratipAdya hai / pustaka kI samApti bhI arihantoM ityAdi ke stavana se hI huI hai / yathA havaM daMsaNa NAma carita suddha haraM deha pamANiSu guNa samiddha ha paramAnanda akhaNDa desu, hauM NANa sarovara parama haMsa ||2|| hauM ceyaNa lakkhaNa NANa piNDu, hauM parama niraMjaNa guNa payaNDu / hauM sahajAnanda sarUva sindhu, hauM suddha sahAva akhaNDa buddhu ||3| koha loha gaya bIdharAya hara nikla havaM puNu milkasAtha, hau ha kevalaNANa akhaNDa rUva, hauM parama joyi joI sarUna // 4 // harayaNattaya caviha jiNanda, hauM bAraha cakkesara garindu / hauM Nava paDihara Nava bAsudeva, hauM Nava haladhara puNu kAmadeva ||5|| apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pRSTha-68. AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ chAliha guNa sAyarU basu guNa vivAyarU, Ayiriha chattIsa guNa / paNavaha sAsaNu dhamma payAsaNu hau, aNabIsa guNa sasiNi muni // 33 / / anya racanAoM kI apekSA isameM AdhyAtmika tattva jJAna kA puTa adhika hai, kintu racanA kA mukhya uddezya tattva-nirUpaNa karanA nahIM, sarala-sahaja DhaMga se mana ko prabodhita kara jinendra kI bhakti ke lie unmukha karanA hI hai| apane pratipAdya aura uddezya meM racanA saphala hai| anya racanAoM kI apekSA isameM chIhala kI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAe~ adhika spaSTa aura mukhara haiN| isake bAvajada racanA sarva upayogI hai| Ga/sauSTava aura upalabdhi pUrva paSThoM meM racanAoM ke paricayAtmaka vizleSaNa ke krama meM unake sauSThava kA bhI udghATana hotA gayA hai| asta, yahAM unakI kevala katipaya vizeSatAoM kI ora saMketa kara denA alam hai / chIhala jaina bhaktakavi the, maramI santa kavi the| unakI kavitA kA hindI kAvyetihAsa meM vahI mahattva hai jo kabIra dAna ityAdi saMtoM athavA tulasI, sUra ityAdi bhaktoM kI kavitA kA hai| varNya-viSaya kI vyApti ke AdhAra para unakI kavitA bhaktipradhAna hai| use bhakti, adhyAtma, nIti, AcAra, varAgya, svakartavya-nirUpaNa, Atmatattva kI preyatA, zRMgAra ityAdi koTiyoM meM bhI vargIkRta kara samajhA-parakhA jA sakatA hai| adhikAMza padyoM meM AtmAlocana ke sAtha mana, zarIra aura indriyoM kI sahajavRtti kA nirUpaNa karate hue kavi ne mAnava-mana ko prabodhita kiyA hai| vaha paga-paga para mana ko sAvadhAna karatA calatA hai| chAhala ne koI bhI padya mAtra kalpanA-vilAsa ke lie nahIM likhA hai| pratyeka padya meM vaiyaktika anubhUti kI gaharAI nihita hai| svAnubhUta evaM bhogI gaI anabhatiyAM hone ke kAraNa hI padya prAyaH kavi ke Atmadarzana ke udAharaNa bana sake haiN| rasa aura bhAva kI vyApti kI daSTi se chIhala kI kavitA meM kevala bhakti rasa athavA bhakti-bhAva kA prAdhAnya honA asvAbhAvika nhiiN| 'panthI-gIta', 'udara-gIta', 'paMcendriya veli' aura 'Atma pratibodha jayamAla' meM vinaya bhAva kI pradhAnatA hai| isIlie ina racanAoM meM apane karmoM ke lie pazcAtApa hai| inameM kavi ke Akula prANa zAnti aura saMsAra-sAgara se santarita hone ke lie chaTapaTA rahe haiN| vaha caitanya ho gA uThatA hai : ka. citavani paramabrahma kIja to, bhavasAgara tariye ||-veli, 4 kha. kari dharma jiNa bhASita jugatisyauM, tyoM mukuti padavI lahai |-pnthii gIta, 6 ga. kari bhagati jiNa ko juguti syoM, bhavasAgara lIlai tiro|-udrgiit, 4 'bAvanI' ke padyoM meM bhI bhakti bhAva hI hai, para yahAM vinaya-bhAva kI jagaha zAMta-bhAva ne le lI hai| sAtha hI yahAM dharmaadhyAtma nIti-AcAra, vidhi-niSedha sambandhI kathanoM ko pramukhatA bhI milI hai| isakI saMjJA isIlie bhaktikAvya nahIM, nIti-kAvya hai| zAMta-bhAva ko jitanA vistAra 'bAvanI' meM milA hai, utanA anyatra nhiiN| paMca sahelI' meM tiya-piya bhAva athavA zRgAra hai / vahAM paMca saheliyAM (jIvAtmAe) haiM 'tiya' aura paramAtmA 'piy'| tiya-piya yAnI dAmpatya bhAva rahasyavAda kI abhivyakti ke lie sarvapracalita sahaja pratIka hai| anya jaina maramI saMtoM ne ise hI samati' aura cetana ke 'pratIka' ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 'paMca-sahelI' meM rahasyavAda kI vyaMjanA tiya-piya bhAva ke mAdhyama se hI huI hai| isakI anya vizeSatA hai zRgAra ko sahaja mAMsala abhivyakti / isa dRSTi se yaha hindI ke zRgAra-kAvyetihAsa meM vidyApati kI 'padAvalI' ke pazcAt viziSTa sthAna aura mahattva kI adhikAriNI hai| kAvya-bandha kI daSTi se chahala kI racanAe~ muktaka kahI jAyeMgI, kintu 'paMca sahelI' aura 'pantho-gIta' ke sambandha meM bhI yahI nirNaya denA sarvazuddha nahIM hogaa| una donoM meM kathA kA jhonA aMza vartamAna hai| vastutaH ve donoM saphala rUpaka kAvya hai| doDA chaMda meM racita paMca sahelI' kA svarUpa ekArthaka kAvya ke samAna ho gayA hai| use muktaka prabandha kahanA samIcIna bhale hI na ho, para svarUpa hai bahuta kucha vaisA hii| chIhala sImita chandoM ke prayoktA haiM / dohA (paMca-sahelI), chappaya (bAvanI) aura kuNDaliyA (panthI-gIta evaM paMcendriya veli) inake priya chanda haiN| kuNDaliyA meM kahIM-kahIM mAtrAoM kI ghaTa-bar3ha bhI ho gaI hai| 'Atma pratibodha jayamAla' meM apabhraMza kar3avaka prayukta hue haiM / gItoM meM do-tIna anya chanda bhI prayukta hue haiN| yathA jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 166
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________________ ka. paurANika udara udadhi meM/dasa mAsahi rhyo| piNDa adhomukhi bahu saMkaTi par3ayo / / sa.harigItikA mana ramyau para dhana dekhi paratiya citta Thaura na rAkhiyo / chaNDiya amIphala seva jiNa kI viSaya viSaphala caakhiyo| ga. rasa-ullAla pachatAiyo jaba sudhi nAhI/zravaNa sabada nA bUjhae / jIvana kAraNa karai lAlaca/nayana magga nA sUjhae / gha. zubhagItA bahu sahyo saMkaTi udara antari cintavai cintA ghnnii| ubarauM abakI bAra jyoMhi/bhagati jiNa karihoM taNI / / alaMkAra prayoga kI dRSTi se vicAra karane se spaSTa hotA hai ki chohana ko sAdazyamUna alaMkAra adhika priya hai| "paca sahelI' isa dRSTise adhika mahattva kI hai / usameM prayukta upamAna apekSAkRta navIna aura maulika sUjha-bUjha ke udAharaNa haiM / chohala kI kAvya-bhASA para adyAvadhi do prakAra ke vicAra Aye haiM / sUcanA denevAloM ne chIhala kI kAvyabhASA ko rAjapUtAnI purAne Dhare kI (mizrabandhu), 'rAjasthAnI milI bhASA' (AcArya zukla), 'bolacAla kI rAjasthAnI' (DaoN0 menAriyA) ityAdi kahA hai| isake viparIta chIhala kI racanAoM ke viziSTa adhyetAoM ke vicAra haiM / "paMca-sahelI' aura 'bAvanI' kA bhASika dRSTi se adhyayana karane ke uparAnta DaoN. zivaprasAda siMha isa niSkarSa para Aye ki "paMca sahelI" kI bhASA rAjasthAnI mizrita brajabhASA hai evaM 'vAvanI' kI bhASA braja hai" / 'hindI bAvanI kAvya' meM maiMne ghoSita kiyA : "bAvanI' kI bhASA zuddha bajI hai| chapaya chanda hone ke kAraNa prAcIna prayoga bhI kama nahIM hue haiN| vartanI para rAjasthAnI kI chApa dikhatI hai|" zrI kRSNa candra zAstrI ne 'bAvanI' kI bhASA ko piMgala' mAnA hai| anya racanAoM kI bhASA bhI braja hI hai| kevala 'Atma pratibodha jayamAla' kI bhASA apabhraza hai| itanA saMketa kara denA anAvazyaka nahIM ki 'paMca sahelI' ke kebala kucha hastalekhoM para hI rAjasthAnI kI chApa adhika milatI hai, saba para nahIM / kaI hastalikhita pratiyAM rAjasthAnI chApa, prabhAva aura mizraNa se prAyaH mukta haiN| vastutaH, "paMca sahelI' kI bhASA hai braja hA, kintu kavi kI Arambhika racanA hone ke kAraNa hI kadAcit usa para rAjasthAnI kA raMga A avazya gayA hai / katipaya kriyApadoM taka kA rAjasthAnI honA bhI yahI socane ko vivaza karatA hai| kahanA cAhie ki chIhala kI kAvya-bhASA hai tatyugIna starIya hindI hI jo piMgala aura brajI ke nAma se adhika paricita hai| usa para rAjasthAnI ke yaoNskacina prabhAva sthAnIya prayoga ke pariNAma bhara mAne jaayge| yaha pravRtti kevala chIhala kI nahIM, varana usa yuga ke adhisaMkhya kaviyoM meM pArI jAnevAlI eka sAmAnya pravRtti hai| prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM kI kAvyabhASA para kSetrIya yA AMcalika prayoga kA prabhAva milatA hI hai| yaha doSa nahIM kSetrIya vaiziSTya hai / puna: rAjasthAnI prabhAva bhI mukhyata: vartanI taka hI sImita hai| vastataH, chIhala kI kAvyabhASA sUra-pUrva hindI kI mAnaka kAvya-bhASA ke sarvathA nikaTa hai, vaha sUra-pUrva hindI yAnI brajI hai| suraparva brajI kI usameM sArI vizeSatAe vartamAna haiN| jaina matAnuyAyI hone ke bAvajUda chIhala ne racanAoM meM jainetara itihAsa purANa kI kathAoM, uktiyoM ityAdi kA ni:saMkoca bhAva se upayoga kiyA hai| yaha unakI sAmpradAyika sahiSNutA, pAnthika udAratA aura bahujatA kA paricAyaka hai| adhikAMza varNananirUpaNa jaina-matavAda ke pariprekSya meM kiye jAne ke kAraNa racanAoM meM jaina-darzana kI zabdAvalI, jaina-kathAoM aura jaina-devI-devatAoM kA itastataH ullekha honA sarvathA svAbhAvika hI mAnA jAyegA / yadi 'Atma pratibodha jayamAla' ke atirikta anya racanAoM para vicAra kiyA jAye, to kahanA par3egA ki kavi kI apekSA ve adhika udAra aura bhakta kavi mAtra rahe haiN| bhAva sampatti ko rUpAyita karane kI mala preraNA kavi ko sadA antamana se prApta huI pratIta hotI hai / usake samasta anubhava vaiyaktika haiM, jo sArvajanika banane ke krama meM dobaddha ho gaye haiN| astu, sabhI racanAoM kA ekamAtra uddezya AtmAnubhUti kI abhivyakti hI svIkAra kiyA jaayegaa| samagrataH kahA jAyegA ki chIhala apane yuga ke zreSTha bhaktakavi haiN| isa dRSTi se unakI upAdhi 'kavi kaMkaNa' na kevala ucita hai, balki vahI unakI tatyugIna sarvajanapriyatA kA pramANa bhI hai| 270 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya