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________________ karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana 0 zrI devendra muni zAstrI bhAratavarSa darzanoM kI janmasthalI hai, krIr3A bhUmi hai| yahA~ kI puNya bhUmi para AdikAla se hI AdhyAtmika cintana kI, darzana kI vicAradhArA bahatI calI A rahI hai / nyAya, sAMkhya, vedAnta, vaizeSika, mImAMsaka, bauddha aura jaina prabhRti aneka darzanoM ne yahA~ janma grahaNa kiyA, ve khUba phUle aura phle| unakI vicAradhArAe~ himAlaya kI coTI se bhI adhika U~cI, samudra se bhI adhika gaharI aura AkAza se bhI adhika vistRta haiM / bhAratIya darzana jIvana-darzana hai / kevala kamanIya kalpanA ke ananta gagana meM viharaNa karane kI apekSA yahA~ ke manISI dArzanikoM ne jIvana ke gambhIra va gahana praznoM para cintana, manana, vimarza karanA adhika upayukta smjhaa| etadartha yahA~ AtmA, paramAtmA, loka, karma Adi tattvoM para gaharAI se cintana, manana va vivecana kiyA gayA hai / unhoMne apanI tapazcaryA evaM sUkSma kuzAgra buddhi ke sahAre tattva kA jo vizleSaNa kiyA hai vaha bhAratIya sabhyatA va dharma kA merudaNDa hai / isa virAT vizva meM bhArata ke mukha ko ujjvala-samujjvala rakhane meM tathA mastiSka ko unnata rakhane meM brahmavettAoM kI yaha AdhyAtmika sampadA sarvathA va sarvadA kAraNa rahI hai| mAnasika parAdhInatA ke paMka meM nimagna Adhunika bhAratIya pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke cAkacikya ke samakSa isa anupama vicAra-rAzi kI bhale hI avahelanA kareM kintu unheM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bhArata ati prAcIna kAla se gauravazAlI deza rahA hai to apane dArzanika cintana ke kAraNa hI / vastutaH tattvajJAna se hI bhAratIya saMskRti va sabhyatA kI pratiSThA hai| dArzanikavAdoM kI duniyA meM karmavAda kA apanA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| karmavAda ke marma ko samajhe binA bhAratIya darzana vizeSataH prAtmavAda kA yathArtha parijJAna nahIM ho sktaa| DaoNkTara hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke mantavyAnusAra "karmaphala kA siddhAnta bhAratavarSa kI apanI vizeSatA hai| punarjanma kA siddhAnta khojane kA prayatna anyAnya dezoM ke manISiyoM meM bhI pAyA jA sakatA hai, parantu isa karmaphala kA siddhAnta aura kahIM bhI nahIM miltaa|" Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 18 ] [ karma siddhAnta ____ suprasiddha prAcya-vidyAvizArada kItha ne san 1906 kI raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI kI patrikA meM eka bahuta hI vicArapUrNa lekha likhA thaa| usameM ve likhate haiM- "bhAratiyoM ke karma bandha kA siddhAnta nizcaya hI advitIya hai| saMsAra kI samasta jAtiyoM se unheM yaha siddhAnta alaga kara detA hai| jo koI bhI bhAratIya dharma aura sAhitya ko jAnanA cAhatA hai, vaha yaha ukta siddhAnta jAne binA agrasara nahIM ho sktaa|" jaina darzana kA mantavya : karmavAda ke samarthaka dArzanika cintakoM ne kAla Adi mAnyatAoM kA sundara samanvaya karate hue isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai ki jaise kisI kArya kI utpatti kevala eka hI kAraNa para nahIM apitu aneka kAraNoM para avalaMbita hai vaise hI karma ke sAtha-sAtha kAla Adi bhI vizva-vaicitrya ke kAraNoM ke antargata samAviSTa haiN| vizva-vaicitrya kA mukhya kAraNa karma hai aura kAla Adi usake sahakArI kAraNa haiM / karma ko pradhAna kAraNa mAnane se jana-jana ke mana meM AtmavizvAsa va Atmabala paidA hotA hai aura sAtha hI puruSArtha kA poSaNa hotA hai / sukha-duHkha kA pradhAna kAraNa anyatra na DhUr3hakara apane Apa meM DhUr3hanA buddhimattA hai| prAcArya siddhasena divAkara ne likhA hai ki "kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha ina pA~ca kAraNoM meM se kisI eka ko hI kAraNa mAnA jAya aura zeSa kAraNoM kI upekSA kI jAya, yaha ucita nahIM hai, ucita to yahI hai ki kArya niSpatti meM kAla Adi sabhI kAraNoM kA samanvaya kiyA jaay|" isI bAta kA samarthana AcArya haribhadra ne bhI kiyA hai| daiva, karma, bhAgya aura puruSArtha ke sambandha meM anekAnta dRSTi rakhanI cAhie / prAcArya samanta bhadra ne likhA hai-buddhipUrvaka karma na karane para bhI iSTa yA aniSTa vastu kI prApti honA devAdhIna hai / buddhipUrvaka prayatna se iSTAniSTa kI prApti honA puruSArtha ke adhIna hai| kahIM para daiva pradhAna hotA hai to kahIM para puruSArtha / daiva aura puruSArtha ke sahI samanvaya se hI artha siddhi hotI hai| jaina darzana meM jar3a aura cetana padArthoM ke niyAmaka ke rUpa meM Izvara yA puruSa kI sattA nahIM mAnI gaI hai| usakA mantavya hai ki Izvara yA brahma ko jagat kI utpatti, sthiti, saMhAra kA kAraNa yA niyAmaka mAnanA nirarthaka hai| karma Adi kAraNoM se hI prANiyoM ke janma, jarA aura maraNa Adi kI siddhi kI jA sakatI hai| kevala bhUtoM se hI jJAna, sukha, duHkha, bhAvanA Adi caitanyamUlaka dharmoM kI siddhi nahIM kara sakate / jar3a bhUtoM ke atirikta cetana tattva kI sattA ko mAnanA Avazyaka hI nahIM apitu anivArya hai| kabhI bhI mUrta-jar3a, amUrta-caitanya ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / jisameM jisa guNa kA pUrNa rUpa se prabhAva hai usa guNa ko vaha kabhI bhI utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / yadi isa prakAra nahIM mAnA jAye to Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ] [ 16 kArya-kAraNa bhAva kI vyavasthA hI nirarthaka ho jaaygii| phalasvarUpa hama bhUtoM ko bhI kisI kArya kA kAraNa mAnane ke lie bAdhya nahIM hoNge| aisI sthiti meM kisI kArya ke kAraNa kI anveSaNA karanA bhI nirarthaka hogaa| isalie jar3a aura cetana ina do prakAra ke tattvoM kI sattA mAnate hue karma-mUlaka vizvavyavasthA mAnanA tarka saMgata hai / karma apane naisargika svabhAva se apane Apa phala pradAna karane meM samartha hotA hai / karmavAda kI aitihAsika samIkSA : aitihAsika dRSTi se karmavAda para cintana karane para hameM sarvaprathama vedakAlIna karma sambandhI vicAroM para ciMtana karanA hogaa| upalabdha sAhitya meM veda sabase prAcIna haiM / vaidika yuga meM maharSiyoM ko karma sambandhI jJAna thA yA nahIM ? isa para vijJoM ke do mata haiM / kitane hI vijJoM kA yaha spaSTa abhimata hai ki vedoM-saMhitA granthoM meM karmavAda kA varNana nahIM pAyA hai, to kitane hI vidvAn yaha kahate haiM ki vedoM ke racayitA RSigaraNa karmavAda ke jJAtA the| jo vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki vedoM meM karmavAda kI carcA nahIM hai unakA kahanA hai ki vaidika kAla ke RSiyoM ne prANiyoM meM rahe hae vaividhya aura vaicitrya kA anubhava to gaharAI se kiyA para unhoMne usake mUla kI anveSaNA antarAtmA meM na kara bAhya jagat meM kii| kisI ne kamanIya kalpanA ke gagana meM viharaNa karate hue kahA ki sRSTi kI utpatti kA kAraNa eka bhautika tattva hai to dUsare RSi ne aneka bhautika tattvoM ko sRSTi kI utpatti kA kAraNa mAnA / tIsare RSi ne prajApati brahmA ko hI sRSTi kI utpatti kA kAraNa mAnA / isa taraha vaidika yuga kA sampUrNa tattva cintana deva aura yajJa kI paridhi meM hI vikasita huaa| pahale vividha devoM kI kalpanA kI gaI aura usake pazcAt eka deva kI mahattA sthApita kI gii| jIvana meM sukha aura vaibhava kI upalabdhi ho, zatrujana parAjita hoM ataH devoM kI prArthanAe~ kI gaIM aura sajIva va nirjIva padArthoM kI AhUtiyA~ pradAna kI giiN| yajJa karma kA zanaiH zanaiH vikAsa huaa| isa prakAra yaha vicAradhArA saMhitA kAla se lekara brAhmaNa kAla taka kramaza: vikasita huii| AraNyaka va upaniSad yuga meM devavAda va yajJavAda kA mahattva kama hone lagA aura aise naye vicAra sAmane Aye jinakA saMhitAkAla va brAhmaNakAla meM abhAva thA / upaniSadoM se pUrva ke vaidika sAhitya meM karma viSayaka cintana kA abhAva hai para prAraNyaka va upaniSadakAla meM adRSTa rUpa karma kA varNana milatA hai| yaha satya hai ki karma ko vizva-vaicitrya kA kAraNa mAnane meM upaniSadoM kA bhI ekamata nahIM rahA hai / zvetAzvatara-upaniSad ke prArambha meM kAla, svabhAva, Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 20 ] [ karma siddhAnta niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta aura puruSa ko hI vizva-vaicitrya kA kAraNa mAnA hai, karma ko nhiiN| jo vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki vedoM-saMhitA graMthoM meM karmavAda kA varNana hai, unakA kahanA hai ki vedoM meM "karmavAda yA karmagati" Adi zabda bhale hI na hoM kintu unameM karmavAda kA ullekha avazya huA hai / Rgveda saMhitA ke nimna maMtra isa bAta ke jvalanta pramANa haiM-zubhaspatiH (zubhakarmoM ke rakSaka), dhiyaspatiH (satkAryoM ke rakSaka), vicarSaNiH tathA vizvacarSaNiH (zubha aura azubha karmoM ke draSTA), "vizvasya karmaNo dhartA" (sabhI karmoM ke AdhAra) Adi pada devoM ke vizeSaNoM ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hue haiN| kitane hI maMtroM meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki zubha karma karane se amaratva kI upalabdhi hotI hai / karmoM ke anusAra hI jIva aneka bAra saMsAra meM janma letA hai aura maratA hai| vAmadeva ne apane aneka pUrva bhavoM kA varNana kiyA hai| pUrvajanma ke duSkRtyoM se hI loga pApa karma meM pravRtta hote haiM- Adi ullekha vedoM ke maMtroM meM haiN| pUrvajanma ke pApa kRtyoM se mukta hone ke lie hI mAnava devoM kI abhyarthanA karatA hai| vedamaMtroM meM saMcita aura prArabdha karmoM kA bhI varNana hai / sAtha hI devayAna aura pitRyAna kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki zreSTha karma karane vAle loga devayAna se brahmaloka ko jAte haiM aura sAdhAraNa karma karane vAle pitayAna se candraloka jAte haiN| Rgveda meM pUrvajanma ke nikRSTa karmoM ke bhoga ke lie jIva kisa prakAra vRkSa, latA Adi sthAvara zarIroM meM praviSTa hotA hai, isakA varNana hai| "mA vo bhujemAnyajAtameno", "mA vA eno anyakRtaM bhujema" Adi maMtroM se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki eka jIva dUsare jIva ke dvArA kiye gaye karmoM ko bhI bhoga sakatA hai aura usase bacane ke lie sAdhaka ne ina maMtroM meM prArthanA kI hai| mukhya rUpa se jo jIva karma karatA hai vahI usake phala kA upabhoga bhI karatA hai, para viziSTa zakti ke prabhAva se eka jIva ke karmaphala ko dUsarA bhI bhoga sakatA hai| upayukta donoM matoM kA gaharAI se anucintana karane para aisA spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki vedoM meM karma sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA pUrNa rUpa se prabhAva to nahIM hai, para devavAda aura yajJavAda ke prabhutva se karmavAda kA vizleSaNa ekadama gauNa ho gayA hai / yaha satya hai ki karma kyA hai, ve kisa prakAra baMdhate haiM aura kisa prakAra prANI unase mukta hote haiM Adi jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna vaidika saMhitAoM meM nahIM hai / vahA~ para mukhya rUpa se, yajJakarma ko hI karma mAnA hai aura kadama-kadama para devoM se sahAyatA ke lie yAcanA kI hai| jaba yajJa aura deva kI apekSA karmavAda kA mahattva adhika bar3hane lagA, taba usake samarthakoM ne ukta donoM vAdoM kA karmavAda ke sAtha samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA aura yajJa se hI samasta phaloM kI prApti svIkAra kii| isa mantavya kA dArzanika rUpa mImAMsA darzana hai| yajJa viSayaka vicAraNA ke sAtha deva viSayaka vicAraNA kA bhI vikAsa huaa| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ] [ 21 brAhmaNakAla meM aneka devoM ke sthAna para eka prajApati deva kI pratiSThA huI, unhoMne bhI karma ke sAtha prajApati kA samanvaya kara kahA-prANo apane karma ke anusAra phala avazya prApta karatA hai parantu phala prApti apane Apa na hokara prajApati ke dvArA hotI hai| prajApati (Izvara) jIvoM ko apane apane karma ke anusAra phala pradAna karatA hai| vaha nyAyAdhIza kI taraha hai| isa vicAradhArA kA dArzanika rUpa nyAya, vaizeSika, sezvarasAMkhya aura vedAnta darzana meM huA hai| yajJa Adi anuSThAnoM ko vaidika paramparA meM karma kahA gayA hai, ve asthAyI haiM, usI samaya samApta ho jAte haiM, ataH ve kisa prakAra phala pradAna kara sakate haiM ? isalie phala pradAna karane vAle eka adRSTa padArtha kI kalpanA kI, use mImAMsA darzana ne "apUrva" kahA / vaizeSika darzana meM "adRSTa" eka guNa mAnA gayA hai, jisake dharma-adharma rUpa ye do bheda haiM / nyAyadarzana meM dharma aura adharma ko saMskAra kahA hai / acche bure karmoM kA AtmA para saMskAra par3atA hai, vaha adRSTa hai| adRSTa AtmA kA guNa hai / jaba taka usakA phala nahIM mila jAtA taba taka vaha AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai| usakA phala Izvara ke mAdhyama se milatA hai / caki yadi Izvara karmaphala kI vyavasthA na kare to karma niSphala ho jAe~ / sAMkhya karma ko prakRti kA vikAra kahatA hai / zreSTha aura kaniSTha pravRttiyoM kA prakRti para saMskAra par3atA hai / usa prakRtigata saMskAra se hI karmoM ke phala prApta hote haiM / isa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM karmavAda kA vikAsa huA hai / bauddhadarzana meM karma: ___ bauddha aura jaina ye donoM karma-pradhAna zramaNa-saMskRti kI dhArAe~ haiN| bauddha paramparA ne bhI karma kI adRSTa zakti para cintana kiyA hai| usakA abhimata hai ki jIvoM meM jo vicitratA dRSTigocara hotI hai vaha karmakRta hai| lobha (rAga), dveSa aura moha se karma kI utpatti hotI hai| rAgadveSa aura mohayukta hokara prANI, mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyA~ karatA hai aura rAga-dveSa aura moha ko utpanna karatA hai / isa taraha saMsAra-cakra nirantara calatA rahatA hai / jisa cakra kA na Adi hai na anta hai, kintu vaha anAdi hai / eka bAra rAjA milinda ne AcArya nAgasena se jijJAsA prastuta kI ki jIva dvArA kiye gaye karmoM kI sthiti kahA~ hai ? samAdhAna karate hue AcArya ne kahA-yaha dikhalAyA nahIM jA sakatA ki karma kahA~ rahate haiN| 'visuddimagga' meM karma ko arUpI kahA hai / abhidhamma koSa meM use avijJapti kA rUpa kahA hai| yaha rUpa sapratigha na hokara apratigha hai / sautrAMtika mata kI dRSTi se karma kA samAveza arUpa meM haiM, ve avijJapti ko nahIM maante| bauddhoM ne karma ko sUkSma mAnA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kI jo pravRtti hai vaha karma Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 22 ] [ karma siddhAnta kahalAtI hai para vaha vijJapti rUpa hai, pratyakSa hai / yahA~ para karma kA tAtparya mAtra pratyakSa pravRtti nahIM, kintu pratyakSa karmajanya saMskAra hai / bauddha paribhASA meM ise vAsanA aura vijJapti kahA hai / mAnasika kriyAjanya saMskAra karma ko vAsanA kahA hai aura vacana evaM kAyajanya saMskAra karma ko avijJapti kahA hai / vijJAnavAdI bauddha karma ko vAsanA zabda se pukArate haiM / prajJAkara kA abhimata hai ki - jitane bhI kArya haiM ve sabhI vAsanAjanya haiM / Izvara ho yA karma (kriyA) pradhAna (prakRti) ho yA anya kucha, ina sabhI kA mUla vAsanA hai / Izvara ko nyAyAdhIza mAnakara yadi vizva kI vicitratA kI upapatti kI jAe to bhI vAsanA ko mAne binA kArya nahIM ho sakatA / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to Izvara, pradhAna, karma ina sabhI saritAnoM kA pravAha vAsanA-samudra meM milakara eka ho jAtA hai / zUnyavAdI mata ke mantavya ke anusAra anAdi avidyA kA apara nAma hI vAsanA hai / vilakSaNa varNana : jaina sAhitya meM karmavAda ke sambandha meM paryApta vizleSaraNa kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzana meM pratipAdita karma-vyavasthA kA jo vaijJAnika rUpa hai usakA kisI bhI bhAratIya paramparA meM darzana nahIM hotA / jaina paramparA isa dRSTi se sarvathA vilakSaNa hai / karma kA artha : karma kA zAbdika artha kArya, pravRtti yA kriyA hai / jo kucha bhI kiyA jAtA hai vaha karma hai / sonA, baiThanA, khAnA pInA Adi / jIvana vyavahAra meM jo kucha bhI kArya kiyA jAtA hai vaha karma kahalAtA hai / vyAkaraNa zAstra ke kartA pANinI ne 'karma' kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA- jo kartA ke lie atyanta iSTa ho vaha karma hai / vaizeSika darzana meM karma kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai- jo eka dravya meM samavAya se rahatA ho, jisameM koI guNa na ho, aura jo saMyoga yA vibhAga meM kAraNAntara kI apekSA na kare / sAMkhya darzana meM saMskAra ke artha meM karma zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| gItA meM karmazIlatA ko karma kahA hai / nyAya zAstra meM utkSeSaNa, apakSeSaNa, AkuMcana, prasAraNa tathA gamana rUpa pA~ca prakAra kI kriyAoM ke lie karma zabda vyavahRta huA hai / smArta vidvAn cAra varNoM aura cAra AzramoM ke kartavyoM ko karma kI saMjJA pradAna karate haiM / paurANika loga vrata niyama Adi dhArmika kriyAoM ko karma rUpa kahate haiM / bauddha darzana jIvoM kI vicitratA ke kAraNa ko karma kahatA hai jo vAsanA rUpa hai / jaina paramparA meM karma do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai-bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma / rAgadveSAtmaka pariNAma arthAt Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ] [ 23 kaSAya bhAvakarma kahalAtA hai / kArmaNa jAti kA pudgala jar3atattva vizeSa jo ki kaSAya ke kAraNa AtmA-cetana tattva ke sAtha mila jAtA hai dravyakarma kahalAtA hai | AcArya amRtacandra ne likhA hai - prAtmA ke dvArA prApta hone se kriyA ko karma kahate haiM / usa kriyA ke nimitta se pariNamana - vizeSa prApta pudgala bhI karma hai / karma jo pudgala kA hI eka vizeSa rUpa hai, AtmA se bhinna eka vijAtIya tattva hai / jaba taka prAtmA ke sAtha isa vijAtIya tattva karma kA saMyoga hai, tabhI taka saMsAra hai aura isa saMyoga ke nAza hone para prAtmA mukta ho jAtI hai / vibhinna paramparAnoM meM karma : jaina paramparA meM jisa artha meM 'karma' zabda vyavahRta huA hai, usa yA usase milate-julate artha meM bhArata ke vibhinna darzanoM meM mAyA, avidyA, prakRti, apUrva, vAsanA, Azaya, dharmAdharma, adRSTa, saMskAra, daiva, bhAgya Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / vedAnta darzana meM mAyA, avidyA aura prakRti zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / mImAMsA darzana meM apUrva zabda prayukta huA hai / bauddha darzana meM vAsanA aura vijJapti zabdoM kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai / sAMkhyadarzana meM 'Azaya' zabda vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM pradRSTa, saMskAra aura dharmAdharma zabda vizeSa rUpa se pracalita haiM / daiva, bhAgya, puNya-pApa Adi aise aneka zabda haiM jinakA prayoga sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI darzanoM meM huA hai bhAratIya darzanoM meM eka cArvAka darzana hI aisA darzana hai jisakA karmavAda meM vizvAsa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha AtmA kA svataMtra astitva hI nahIM mAnatA isalie karma aura usake dvArA hone vAle punarbhava, paraloka Adi ko bhI vaha nahIM mAnatA hai, kintu zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzana kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma kI sattA mAnate hI haiM / / nyAya darzana ke abhimatAnusAra rAga, dveSa aura moha ina tIna doSoM se preraNA saMprApta kara jIvoM meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM aura usase dharma aura adharma kI utpatti hotI hai / ye dharma aura adharma saMskAra kahalAte haiM / vaizeSika darzana meM caubIsa guNa mAne gaye haiM unameM eka pradRSTa bhI hai / yaha. saMskAra se pRthak hai aura dharma-adharma ye do usake bheda haiM / isa taraha nyAyadarzana meM dharma-adharma kA samAveza saMskAra meM kiyA gayA hai / unhIM dharma-adharma ko vaizeSika darzana meM adRSTa ke antargata liyA gayA hai / rAga Adi doSoM se saMskAra hotA hai, saMskAra se janma, janma se rAga Adi doSa aura una doSoM se puna: saMskAra utpanna hote haiM / isa taraha jIvoM kI saMsAra- paramparA bIjAMkuravat anAdi hai / sAMkhya yoga darzana ke abhimatAnusAra pravidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 24 ] [ karma siddhAnta abhiniveza ina pA~ca klezoM se kliSTavRtti utpanna hotI hai| prastuta kliSTavRtti se dharmAdharma rUpI saMskAra paidA hotA hai| saMskAra ko Azaya, vAsanA, karma aura apUrva bhI kahA jAtA hai / kleza aura saMskAra ko bIjAMkuravat anAdi mAnA hai| ___ mImAMsA darzana kA abhimata hai ki mAnava dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA yajJa Adi anuSThAna apUrva nAmaka padArtha ko utpanna karatA hai aura vaha apUrva hI yajJa Adi jitane bhI anuSThAna kiye jAte haiM una sabhI karmoM kA phala detA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to veda dvArA prarUpita karma se utpanna hone vAlI yogyatA yA zakti kA nAma apUrva hai / vahA~ para anya karmajanya sAmarthya ko apUrva nahIM kahA hai / vedAnta darzana kA mantavya hai ki anAdi avidyA yA mAyA hI vizvavaicitrya kA kAraNa hai / Izvara karma ke anusAra jIva ko phala pradAna karatA hai, isalie phala prApti karma se nahIM apitu Izvara se hotI hai| bauddha darzana kA abhimata hai ki manojanya saMskAra vAsanA hai aura vacana aura kAyajanya saMskAra avijJapti hai / lobha, dveSa aura moha se karmoM kI utpatti hotI hai / lobha, dveSa aura moha se hI prANI mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyA~ karatA hai aura usase punaH lobha, dveSa aura moha paidA karatA hai, isa taraha anAdi kAla se yaha saMsAra cakra cala rahA hai / jaina darzana meM karma kA svarUpa : anya darzanakAra karma ko jahA~ saMskAra yA vAsanA rUpa mAnate haiM vahA~ jainadarzana use paudgalika mAnatA hai| yaha eka parakhA huA siddhAnta hai ki jisa vastu kA jo guNa hotA hai vaha usakA vighAtaka nahIM hotaa| AtmA kA guNa usake lie AvaraNa, pAratantrya aura duHkha kA hetu nahIM ho sktaa| karma AtmA ke prAvaraNa, pAratantrya aura duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai, guNoM kA vighAtaka hai, ataH vaha AtmA kA guNa nahIM ho sktaa| ber3I se mAnava baMdhatA hai, madirApAna se pAgala hotA hai aura klorophArma se bebhAna / ye sabhI paudgalika vastue~ haiN| ThIka isI taraha karma ke saMyoga se AtmA kI bhI ye dazAe~ hotI haiM, ataH karma bhI paudgalika haiN| ber3I Adi kA bandhana bAharI hai, alpa sAmarthya vAlA hai kintu karma AtmA ke sAtha cipake hue haiM, adhika sAmarthya vAle sUkSma skandha haiM etadartha hI ber3I Adi kI apekSA karmaparamAraNutroM kA jIvAtmA para bahuta gaharA aura aAntarika prabhAva par3atA hai / jo pudagala-paramANu karma rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM unheM karma vargaNA kahate haiM aura jo zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM unheM nokarma vargaNA kahate haiM / loka Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ] [ 25 ina donoM prakAra ke paramANuoM se pUrNa hai / zarIra paudgalika hai, usakA kAraNa karma hai, ataH vaha bhI paudgalika hai| paudgalika kArya kA samavAyI kAraNa paudgalika hai / miTTI Adi bhautika haiM aura unase nirmita hone vAlA padArtha bhI bhautika hI hogaa| anukUla AhAra Adi se sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai aura zastrAdi ke prahAra se duHkhAnubhUti hotI hai| AhAra aura zastra jaise paudgalika haiM vaise hI sukha-duHkha ke pradAtA karma bhI paudgalika haiM / bandha kI daSTi se jIva aura pUdagala donoM bhinna nahIM haiM kintu ekameka haiM, para lakSaNa kI dRSTi se donoM pRthaka-pRthaka haiN| jIva amUrta va cetanA yukta hai jabaki pudgala mUrta aura acetana hai| indriyoM ke viSaya-sparza, rasa, gaMdha, rUpa aura zabda ye mUrta haiM aura unakA upabhoga karane vAlI indriyA~ bhI mUrta haiN| unase utpanna hone vAlA sukha-duHkha bhI mUrta hai, ataH unake kAraNabhUta kama bhI mUrta haiN| mUrta hI mUrta ko sparza karatA hai / murta hI mUrta se baMdhatA hai| amUrta jIva mUrta karmoM ko avakAza detA hai / vaha una karmoM se avakAzarUpa ho jAtA hai / gItA, upaniSad Adi meM zreSTha aura kaniSTha kAryoM ke artha meM "karma" zabda vyavahRta huA hai / vaise jaina darzana meM karma zabda kriyA kA vAcaka nahIM rahA hai / usake mantavyAnusAra vaha AtmA para lage hue sUkSma paudgalika padArtha kA vAcaka hai| ___ jIva apane mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM se karma-vargaNA ke pudagaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai / mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti tabhI hotI hai jaba jIva ke sAtha karma kA sambaddha ho / jIva ke sAtha karma tabhI sambaddha hotA hai jaba mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti ho / isa taraha pravRtti se karma aura karma se pravRtti kI paramparA anAdi kAla se cala rahI hai| karma aura pravRtti ke kArya aura kAraNa bhAva ko lakSya meM rakhate hue pudgala paramANuoM ke piNDarUpa karma ko dravyakarma kahA hai aura rAga-dvaSAdi rUpa pravRttiyoM ko bhAvakarma kahA hai| isa taraha karma ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda hue- dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma / dravyakarma ke hone meM bhAvakarma aura bhAvakarma ke hone meM dravyakarma kAraNa hai / jaise vRkSa se bIja aura bIja se vRkSa kI paramparA anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai, isI prakAra dravyakarma se bhAvakarma aura bhAvakarma se dravya karma kA silasilA bhI anAdi hai| karma para cintana karate samaya yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jar3a aura Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 26 ] [ karma siddhAnta cetana tattvoM ke sammizraNa se hI karma kA nirmANa hotA hai| dravyakarma ho yA bhAvakarma usameM jar3a aura cetana nAmaka donoM prakAra ke tattva mile rahate haiN| jar3a aura cetana ke mizraNa hue binA karma kI racanA nahIM ho sktii| dravya aura bhAvakarma meM pudgala aura AtmA kI pradhAnatA aura apradhAnatA mukhya hai, kintu eka dUsare ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva kA kAraNa mukhya nahIM hai| dravyakarma meM paudagalika tattva kI mukhyatA hotI hai aura Atmika tattva gauNa hotA hai| bhAvakarma meM Atmika tattva kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura paudgalika tattva gauNa hotA hai / prazna hai dravyakarma ko pudgala paramANuoM ko zuddha piNDa mAneM to karma aura pudgala meM antara hI kyA rahegA ? isI taraha bhAvakarma ko AtmA kI zuddha pravRtti mAnI jAya to AtmA aura karma meM bheda kyA rahegA? uttara meM nivedana hai ki karma ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva para cintana karate samaya saMsArI AtmA aura mukta AtmA kA antara smaraNa rakhanA caahie| karma ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva kA sambandha saMsArI AtmA se hai, mukta AtmA se nahIM hai / saMsArI AtmA karmoM se baMdhA hai, usameM caitanya aura jar3atva kA mizraNa hai / mukta AtmA karmoM se rahita hotA hai aura usameM vizuddha caitanya hI hotA hai / baddha AtmA kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRtti ke kAraNa jo pudgala paramANu AkRSTa hokara paraspara eka-dUsare ke sAtha mila jAte haiM, nIrakSIravat eka ho jAte haiM, ve karma kahalAte haiM / isa taraha karma bhI jar3a aura cetana kA mizraNa hai| prazna ho sakatA hai ki saMsArI AtmA bhI jar3a aura cetana kA mizraNa hai aura karma meM bhI vahI bAta hai, taba donoM meM antara kyA hai ? uttara hai ki saMsArI prAtmA kA cetana aMza jIva kahalAtA hai aura jar3a aMza karma kahalAtA hai / ve cetana aura jar3a aMza isa prakAra ke nahIM haiM jinakA saMsAra-avasthA meM alagaalaga rUpa se anubhava kiyA jA sake / inakA pRthakakaraNa muktAvasthA meM hI hotA hai / saMsArI AtmA sadaiva karma yukta hI hotI hai / jaba vaha karma se mukta ho jAtI hai taba vaha saMsArI AtmA nahIM, mukta AtmA kahalAtI hai| karma jaba AtmA se pRthak ho jAtA hai taba vaha karma nahIM zuddha pudgala kahalAtA hai / AtmA se sambaddha pudgala dravyakarma hai aura dravyakarma yukta AtmA kI pravRtti bhAvakarma hai| gaharAI se cintana karane para AtmA aura pudgala ke tIna rUpa hote haiM- (1) zuddha AtmAjo muktAvasthA meM hai, (2) zuddha pudgala, (3) AtmA aura pudgala kA sammizraNajo saMsArI AtmA meM hai / karma ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva kA sambandha aAtmA aura pudgala kI sammizraNa avasthA meM hai / Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only