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________________ kAnhar3adeprabandha-sAMskRtika dRSTi se mUla gujarAtI lekhaka : zrIbhogIlAla ja0 sAMDesarA anuvAdaka : jayazaMkara devazaMkarajI zarmA (zrImAlI) bIkAnera gujarAta vizvavidyAlayakI vidyAvistAra bhASaNamAlAmeM isa bhASaNako dene hetu nimaMtraNa deneke liye seTha lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdirake niyAmaka zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAkA maiM antaHkaraNapUrvaka AbhAra mAnatA huuN| Ajake bhASaNake liye kAnhar3adeprabandhakA viSaya unhIMkI anumatise nizcita huA hai| zrI DAhyAbhAI derAsarI dvArA sampAdita isa granthakI prathamAvRtti prAyaH mujhe dekhane kA avasara san 1930meM milA aura usa samaya maiMne ise samajhe-binA samajhe hI par3ha liyaa| yaha merA prAcIna gujarAtI avalokanakA prathamAvasara thaa| tatpazcAt isa racanAko maiMne apane kAleja adhyayanake avasarapara bhI par3hA hai aura isake adhyApanakA bhI avasara AyA hai| sAhitya, bhASA aura saMskRti-itihAsa isa prakArase vividha dRSTise vicAra karate samaya isakA AkarSaNa bar3hatA hI rahA hai tathA isakA mahattva samajhameM AtA gayA hai| isa bhASaNa ke nimitta 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' se sambandhita apane vicAroMko lekhabaddha karanekA merA mana huaa| _ 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' saM0 1512 (I0 sa0 1456) meM pazcimI rAjasthAna meM .......bhUtapUrva jodhapura rAjyake, gujarAtase saTe hue dakSiNa vistArameM.."AyA huA jAlaura nAmaka sthAnameM nirmita kAvya hai| (yaha bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdirakI sthApanA jisake nAmase huI hai una seTha lAlabhAI dalapatabhAIke pUrvaja lagabhaga sA~ca sau varSa pUrva apane mUla pita sthala osiyAse nikalakara jAlaurake AsapAsake purohita brAhmaNoMmeM Thosa pracalita anuzrutike anusAra jAlorase kevala chaha mAilakI dUrIpara sthita sAMkaraNA nAmaka gA~vameM kucha pIr3hiyoM taka nivAsa karaneke bAda gujarAtameM Aye the| yaha yogAnuyoga, mujhe yahA~ smaraNa ho jAtA hai| jAlora nagarake dhvaMsa ho jAnepara vahA~ke jAlaurA (jhAlaurA-jhArolA) brAhmaNa evaM vaNika dakSiNakI ora Akara rAdhanapurake pAsa jAlaura-jAlyaudho (vartamAnakA devagAma)meM kucha samaya taka rahakara gujarAtameM anyatra phaila gaye / inakI kuladevI himajAmAtA aura jJAtipurANa 'vAlakhilyapurANa' hai / 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'kI bhASA prAcIna gujarAtI kiMvA prAcIna pazcimI rAjasthAnI yA mArU-gurjara hai / isake racayitA bIsalanagarakA nAgara kavi padamanAbha hai| prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityakI sabase viziSTa evaM vikhyAta racanAoMmeMse yaha eka kAnhar3adeprabandha hai| yaha eka vIra evaM karuNarasase paripUrNa sudIrgha kathAkAvya hai| dillIke sultAna alAuddIna khilajI dvArA gujarAtake antima hindU zAsaka karNadeva vAghelAke zAsana-kAla meM kiyA gayA gujarAtapara AkramaNa aura somanAtha bhaMgake avasarapara dillIse gujarAtake mArgapara sthita jAlora rAjyameMse nikalane ( jAne dene ke liye vahA~ke rAjA sonagirA cauhAna kAnhar3adevake pAsase mAMgI gaI anujJA, kintu isa mA~gakA kAnhar3adeva dvArA asvIkAra aura sultAnake yoddhAoMkA 1. gujarAta vizvavidyAlayakI vidyAvistAra bhASaNamAlAmeM seTha lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda meM tA0 29 janavarI, 1970 ko diyA gayA bhASaNa / bhASA aura sAhitya : 211
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________________ somanAtha zivaliMgake Tukar3e lekara gujarAtameMse jaba vApasa lauTa rahA thA usa samaya isapara AkramaNa kara pracaNDa senAko lekara alAuddIna dvArA jAlaurake cAroM ora rahane ke bAda eka vizvAsaghAtI rAjapUtakI hInatA ke kAraNa gar3ha johara - anya kucheka upakathAoMko chor3a denepara kAnhar3ade prabandhakA kAnhar3adeva dvArA usakA parAjaya, antameM gherA DAlanA, ima ghereke aneka varSoM taka (kile) kA patana aura rAjapUtAniyoM dvArA mukhya kathAnaka kahAnI hI hai / isa kAvyakA sRjana mukhya rUpase dohe - caupAiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi bIca-bIca meM yogya sthAnapara karuNarasa- pariplAvita pada- umigIta bhI Aye haiM / padmanAbha kavikI vANI ojasvI, pravAhabaddha, prAsAdika evaM dezabhakti kI sacoTa dhvanivAlI hai / kavikA bhASA prabhutva evaM zabda nidhi asAdhAraNa hai / yaha kathA kAvya yuddha - vijayI honepara bhI muslima sattAke sAtha saMgharSakA nirUpaNa hote hue, yuddhakI paribhASAke aura phArasI-arabIke mUla zabda' bhI isameM pracura mAtrAmeM Aye haiM / padmanAbha, kAnhar3adeva ke vaMzaja jAlaura ke zAsaka akherAjake rAjakavi hone ke kAraNa inheM aitihAsika tathya evaM pArzvabhUmikAkA pUrNa jJAna hai / hindU aura muslima rAjanItikA inheM pratyakSa anubhava hai aura isI kAraNa aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika dRSTise bhI 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' eka mahattvapUrNa racanAke rUpameM sarva svIkRta / isameM tAtkAlika sAmAjika paristhitikA pUrNa AbhAsa milatA hai / isa prakArase bhASA sAhitya evaM aitihAsika jJAnapipAsuoMke lie yaha 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' aneka rUpase vizeSa mahattvakI racanA hai| gujarAta nivAsI kavine rAjasthAnake eka pramukha zahara jAlaura meM isakI racanA kI ho / vAstavameM 16vIM zatAbdi taka gujarAta aura rAjasthAnakI jo bhASA viSayaka ekatA thI yaha, isa bAtakA paricAyaka bana jAtA hai / bAdake samaya meM vikasita huI arvAcIna gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI ina jur3avAMbhASAoM kA eka evaM asaMdigdha pUrva rUpa, anyaba husaMkhyaka racanAoMke samAna 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' meM bhI upalabdha hai | kintu, hamAre prAcIna sAhityakA adhyApana karane vAloMko aura prAcIna samayake kaviyoMkI racanAoMko mukha paramparA dvArA kiMvA anya rItise surakSita rakhanevAle jana samudAyako bhI 'kAnhar3ade prabandha' aura isa granthake racayitAkA vismaraNa ho gayA thA / arvAcIna kAlameM isakI khojakA zreya saMskRta prAkRtAdi sahita bhAratIya vidyA prakANDa vidvAn DaoN0 jyorja byUlarako hai / anumAnatayA sau varSa pUrva bambaI sarakArakI yojanA ke anusAra saMskRta hastalikhita pratiyoMkI khoja karate samaya tharAdake jaina grantha bhaNDAra meM prathama bAra isa 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' kI prati dekhanemeM AI / DaoN0 byUlara bambaI kSetrake zikSAvibhAgIya eka ucca adhikArI the / inhoMne apane hI vibhAgake zrI navalarAma lakSmIrAma paNDyA jo gujarAtI sAhitya ke agragaNya apitu viziSTa vivecaka the / gujarAtI bhASAke adhikArika vidvAn ke rUpameM Apako inake prati bahuta Adara thA / 'kAnhar3adeprabaMdha' kI nakala karA kara use byUlarane navalarAmake pAsa bhejI / ina donoMmeM navalarAma 'gujarAta zAlApatra' 1. pramANa- dRSTi se dekheM to prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityakI kisI anya racanAmeM phArasI - arabIke itane zabda nahIM haiM / san 1953-54meM jaba maiM bI0 e0ke chAtroMko 'kAnhar3ade prabaMdha' kA adhyApana karA rahA thA usa samaya isameM ke isa prakArake zabdoMkI sArtha sUcI mere eka chAtra zrI nalinakAnta paMDyA kI sahAyatA se evaM bar3audA vizvavidyAlaya ke phArasI vibhAgake tatkAlIna adhyakSa zrI ema0 epha0 lokhaNDavAlA ke sahayogase taiyAra kI thI / (buddhiprakAza, jUna 1954) kAnhar3adeprabaMdha meM phArasI-arabIke 111 zabda haiM / eka hI zabda kI punarAvRtti kI tathA phArasI arabIke vizeSa nAmoMkA isa saMkhyA meM samAveza nahIM hai / tathApi isa prakAra ke samasta prayogoMkI bhI jAnakArI prastuta sUcI meM aMkita kara dI gaI hai / 212 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana grantha
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________________ ke sampAdaka the| prApta huI nakala bahuta hI azuddha thI phira bhI yaha vyartha hI naSTa na ho jAya ataH inhoMne gujarAta zAlApatrake san 1877-78 ke aMkoM meM ise kramazaH prakAzita kara diyaa| tatpazcAt gujarAta aura rAjasthAnameM vibhinna sthAnoMse isakI anya hastalikhita pratiyA~ upalabdha hotI gaI haiN| 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' kA prathama bAra vyavasthita sampAdana zrI DAhyAbhAI derAsarI ne kiyA (prathamAvRtti 1913 dvitIyAvRtti 1926) usa samaya inhoMne pA~ca pratiyoMkA AdhAra liyA thaa| rAjasthAna purAtana granthamAlAmeM zrI kAntilAla vyAsane kAnhar3adeprabandhakA punaH sampAdana kiyA (san 1953) isameM samasta 11 hastalikhita pratiyoMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / isake bAda meM bhI kAnhar3adeprabandha kI katipaya hastalikhita pratiyA~ prApta huI haiM jinameM bar3audA prAcyavidyAmaMdirako bheMTa mile hue yati zrI hemacandrajIke bhaNDAra kI saM0 1610 meM likhI huI prati dhyAna meM dene yogya hai / katipaya anya prAcIna ziSTa kaviyoMkI racanA jaisI samAdata kI gaI thI vaisI hI lokapriyatA 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' ko prApta na haI ho yaha isakI vastu sthiti dekhe jAne para svAbhAvika hai phira bhI gujarAta aura rAjasthAnake isa kAvyakA eka samaya vistRtarUpase pracAra huA thA isa prakArase jo dUra dUrake sthAnoMmeM isakI hastalikhita pratiyAM likhI gaI hai evaM vibhinna sthAnoMke granthabhaNDAroMmeM ve surakSita rakhI gaI hai, yaha uparokta varNana se siddha ho jAtA hai| isa racanAko 'prabandha' kahA gayA hai to yaha 'prabandha' kyA hai ? vaise to 'prabandhakA zabdArtha mAtra 'racanA' hI hai / saMskRta sAhityakI bAta kareM to prabandha yaha gujarAta aura mAlavAkA eka viziSTa sAhityika rUpa hai aura madhyakAlameM vizeSakara jaina lekhakoMkA yaha prayAsa hai| sAmAnyatayA sAde saMskRta gadyameM aura yadAkadA padyameM race hue aitihAsika kiMvA arddha-aitihAsika kathAnakoMko 'prabandha' ke nAmase pahacAnA jAtA hai / merutuMgAcAryakRta 'prabandhacintAmaNi', rAjazekharasUrikRta 'prabandhakoSa' 'jinaprabhasUrikRta' vividhatIrthakalpa', ballAlakRta 'bhojaprabandha' Adi gadyameM likhe hae prabandhoMkA namUnA hai| jaba ki prabhAcaMdrasUrikRta 'prabhAvakacarita' padyameM racA huA prabandha saMgraha hai| yaha to huI madhyakAlIna saMskRta sAhityakI baat| isake kucha prabhAvake kAraNa gujarAtI sAhityameM aitihAsika kathAvastuvAlI racanAko pahacAnane ke lie, 'prabandha', zabdakA vyavahAra kiyA gayA ho, aisA ho sakatA hai| jaise ki 'kAnhar3adeprabandha', lAvaNyasamaya kRta 'vimala prabandha', sAraMga kRta 'bhojaprabandha', Adi / kintu yaha paribhASA pUrNa rUpase nizcita nahIM hai| kyoMki 'kAnhar3adeprabaMdha' kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ jinakA zrI kAntilAla vyAsane upayoga kiyA hai meM kI kuchakI puSpikAmeM : 'carita', 'pavAr3A', tathA caupAI kahA gayA hai / 'vimalaprabandha' ke saMpAdanameM zrI dhIrajalAla dhanajI bhAI zAha dvArA vyavahRta (zrI maNilAla bakorabhAI vyAsake mudrita pATha sivAyakI) do hastalikhita pratiyoMmeMse ekakI puSpikAmeM isa racanAko, 'rAsa' batAyA gayA hai aura dUsarIkI puSpikAmeM use, 'prabandha' isI prakArase 'rAsa' ina donoM nAmoMkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / 'vimalaprabandha' kI anya aneka hastalikhita pratiyoMkI puSpikAoMmeM ise, 'rAsa' ke rUpameM nirdeza dekhanekA mujhe smaraNa hai tisapara bhI 'revaMtagirI rAsa', 'samarA rAsa', 'pethaDa rAsa', 'kumArapAla rAsa', 'vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa' Adi aitihAsika vyakti kiMvA ihavRttake AdhArapara nirmita aneka racanAoM ko kahIM bhI 'prabandha' nahIM kahA gayA hai| jayazekharasUri kRti tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha 'kevala upadezapradhAna rUpaka grantha hai isameM paurANika yA etihAsika koI itivRtta nahIM hai| mAtrAmela chaMdoMmeM racI huI aitihAsika racanAyeM 'prabandha' kahIM jAya aura deziyoMmeM racI gaI anya racanAyeM 'rAsa' kahIM jAya, aisI eka mAnyatA hai, kintu ye bhI sAdhAra nahIM haiN| kyoMki, dezI baddha rAsakI jaise mAtrAmaya chandoMmeM race gaye rAsa bhI bar3I saMkhyAmeM prApta hote haiN| nAkara aura viSNudAsa jaise AkhyAnakAroMne to apane katipaya AkhyAnoMko bhASA aura sAhitya : 213
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________________ 'rAsa' kahA hai| isaparase dekhA jA sakatA hai ki prAcIna gujarAtImeM rAsa aura prabandhake madhya bheda rekhA pUrNarUpase spaSTa nahIM hai apitu, ina donoMko eka pRthak sAhityika rUpameM mAnanA yaha bhI bahuta ucita nahIM hai| zrI DAhyAbhAI dairAsarI saMpAdita 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' kI dvitIyAvRttike purovacana (pR0 7-17) meM zrI narasiMharAva diveTiyAne isa racanAmeM vyakta kI gaI dhArmika sAmAjika sthitike sambandhameM, jana maNDalakI sthiti aura yoddhAoM Adiko sthiti ke sambandhameM, nagara racanA, gRha racanA, zAstroMke sambandha meM evaM rAjapUtoMke zauryaparAyaNa saMpradAyake sambandhameM saMkSipta kintu sAdhAra vivecana kiyA hai| isakI punarAvRtti kiye binA isa grantha meM se upasthita hote hue kucha mahattvake aura vyApaka prasaMgoMkI carcA maiM isa bhASaNameM kruuNgaa| sAhitya aura bhASAkI dRSTise isa praziSTa kAvyakA adhyayana karate-karate merA rAjya-prabandhakI bArIkImeM kaise utaranA huA, isa sambandhameM kucha khuuN| san 1940-41 meM bI0 e0 kI parIkSAke lie 'kAnhar3ade prabandha' maiM par3ha rahA thaa| zrI DAhyAbhAI derAsarI dvArA sampAdita do pratiyA~ aura san 1924 meM inake dvArA prakAzita gujarAtI padyAnuvAda-yaha sAmagrI hamAre avalokanake lie upalabdha thii| mala pratike sampAdanameM khaNDa 1 kar3I 13 kA pUrvArddha isa prakArase thA tiNi avasari gUjaradhararAI, sAraMgade nAbhi bolAI / isake uttarArddhake rUpameM zrI derAsarIne nimna kalpita pATha rakhA hai bhatrIjau tehanau balavanta, karaNadeva yuvarAja bhaNaMta / yaha kalpita pATha dUsarI AvRtti meM hI jor3A gayA hai / prathavAvRttimeM yaha nahIM hai| kisI anya hastalikhita pratimeM bhI isase milatA-julatA kucha nahIM hai| zrI derAsarIke sampAdanake pazcAt kaI varSoM ke bAda prakAzita hue zrI kAntilAla vyAsakA vAcana bhI yahI batAtA hai| hastalikhita pratiyoM meM to 13vIM kar3IkA uttarAddha isa prakArase hai tiNi avaguNiu mAdhava baMbha, tahI lagai vigraha Arambha / arthAt usane (tAtparya yaha hai ki sAraMgadeva vAghelAne) mantrI mAdhava brAhmaNakI avagaNanA kii| isa kAraNase vigrahakA prArambha huaa| taba prazna yaha prastuta hogA ki zrI derAsarIne uparyukta kalpita paMkti kyoM jor3I? karNadeva vAghelAke durAcArase duHkhI mAdhava mahato 23vIM kar3ImeM sultAna alAuddInake sammukha karNa ke sambandhameM phariyAda karate hue kahatA hai ki-- khitrI taNau dharma lopiu, rAu karNade gahiula thayau / arthAt kSatriya-dharmakA lopa kara diyA hai aura rAjA karNadeva pAgala ho gayA hai / isa prakAra se kevala dasa hI kar3I ke antarapara do vibhinna vyaktiyoMkA-sAraMgadeva ora karNadevagujarAtake rAjAke rUpameM kAnhar3adeprabandha nirdeza hai| isase rAjA aura yuvarAja donoM hI sAtha-sAtha rAjya vyavasthAkA saMcAlana karate hoM isa prakArake do amalI rAjyakI zrI derAsarI dvArA apane sampAdanakI TipyaNI (dvitIyAvRtti pR0 121)meM kalpanA kara tathA sAraMgadeva aura karNadevakA rAjyakartAke rUpameM eka sAtha ullekha mUla kAvyameM huA hai| isameMkA vidyamAna virodhAbhAsa dUra karane ke liye uparokta prathama kalpita pATha jor3A gayA hai| kalpita pAThako jor3anekI paddhati zAstrIya sampAdanameM ucita nahIM hai| kintu do amalI rAjyake sambandhameM zrI derAsarIne jo anumAna kiyA hai vaha vAstavika hai / 214 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ do zAsakoM ke hAthameM rAjya sattA ho isa prakArakI paramparA prAcIna bhArata meM katipaya sthAnoMpara thIM / jisa samaya sikandara ne bhAratapara AkramaNa kiyA thA usa samaya vartamAna dakSiNa sindha meM sthita pAtAla rAjyameM vibhinna kulake do rAjAoM ke hAthameM rAjya sattA thI / ( maikakriNDala, alekjAMDarsa inavejana, pR0 296 ) isa prakAra ke do amalI rAjyake liye kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM dvairAjya (ise DAyaka-dvimukhI rAjya vyavasthA kahA jAyagA ? ) zabdakA prayoga huA hai / kauTilya, pUrvAcAryoMke matako aMkita karake kahatA hai ki 'do pakSoMmeM dveSa, vemanasya evaM saMgharSake kAraNa' dvairAjya naSTa ho jAtA hai / ( arthazAstra 8-2 ) bhAiyoM aura pitRvyoM ke madhya bhUmi bA~TanekI apekSA ve saMyukta prabandha kareM isa hetu bhI aisI vyavasthA karanI par3I hogI / yadyapi, aise rAjya meM Antarika vidveSa - kalahakA pramANa adhika hojAnA svAbhAvika hai / jaina AgamoM meM ke AcArAMga sUtra meM aise rAjyakA (prA0 dorajjANi, saM0 dvirAjyAni ) kA ullekha hai aura sAdhu aise rAjya meM vicaraNa nahIM kare, isa prakArakA vidhAna hai| kAnhar3adeprabandhameM jisa paddhatikA ullekha hai vaha vastutaH dvairAjya paddhati hai / gujarAtake vAghelA zAsakoM meM yaha paddhati vizeSata: pracalita ho, aisA pratIta hotA hai / gholakA ke vAghelA rANA lavaNaprasAda aura usake putra vIradhavalake sambandha meM prabandhAtmaka vRttAnta isa prakAra kA hai ki, vAstava meM mukhya zAsaka kauna hai yaha spaSTa rUpase jAna lenA kaThina hai / lavaNaprasAda ke dehAntakA varSa nizcita ho tatpazcAt hI amuka ghaTanA ghaTita huI usa samaya mukhya zAsaka --- yuvarAja nahIM -- kauna thA isakA patA laga sakatA hai / lavaNaprasAdakA dehAnta saM0 1280-82 aura 1287ke madhya kabhI huA hogA aisA prApta pramANoMpara se pratIta hotA hai (zrI durgAzaMkara zAstrI gujarAta no madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, dvitIyAvRtti pR0saM0 450 ) kintu isakI vizeSa carcA yahA~ karanA upayukta nahIM hai / parantu dvairAjya-paddhatikA vAghelAoMmeM acchA pracAra thA isa hetu vizeSa AdhAra cAhiye / arjunadeva vAghelA ke jyeSTha putra rAmadevane apane pitA ke jIvana kAlake madhya hI rAjyabhAra vahana kara liyA thA / samakAlIna zilAlekhoM dvArA yaha bhalI bhA~ti spaSTa jJAta ho jAtA hai / khaMbhAtameMke cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha ke maMdira ke saM0 1352 ( I0 sa0 1296) ke zilAlekha meM varNana hai-- ripumallapramardI yaH pratApamalla IDitaH / tatsUnurarjuno rAjA rAjye'janyarjjuno'paraH // 8 // U........kti vijayI pareSAm / tannandano'ninditakIrtirasti jyaSTho'pi rAmaH kimu kAmadevaH // 9 // ubhau dhurau dhArayataH prajAnAM pituH padasyAsya ca dhuryakalpau / kalpudra mau Nau bhuvi rAmakRSNau // 10 // ( AcArya jinavijayajI, 'prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha,' bhAga 2, lekhAMka 449) vIradhavala bAghelA ke do putra the --- pratApamalla aura vIsaladeva / pratApamallakA to vIradhavalake jIvana kAlameM hI arjunadeva nAmaka putrako chor3akara svargavAsa ho gayA thA / vIradhavalake bAda, vIsaladeva gholakA rANA banA aura tatpazcAt kucha samayoparAnta vaha pATaNakA mahArAjAdhirAja banA / vIsaladeva aputra hogA / vaha apane bhAI pratApamallake putra arjunadevakA rAjyAbhiSeka kara svargavAsI ho gayA / aisA, saM0 1343 ( I0sa0 1287 ) kI tripurAnta prazasti meM kahA gayA hai zrIvizvamallaH svapade'bhiSicya pratApamallAtmajamarjunaM saH / sAkaM sudhApAkamabhuMkta nAkanitambinInAmadharAmRtaina // (zrI girijAzaMkara AcArya, 'gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho' bhAga 3 lekhAMka 222) arjunadeva aura usake putra yuvarAja rAmadevane rAjya zAsanakA bhAra eka sAtha hI apane apane hAthoMmeM le liyA thA / kintu rAmadevakA apane pitAkA jIvana-kAla meM hI dehAnta ho gayA pratIta hotA hai / kyoMki, arjunadeva ke pazcAt rAmadeva nahIM apitu isakA bhAI sAraMgadeva pATaNakI rAjyagaddIpara AtA hai / bhASA aura sAhitya : 215
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________________ IDarake pAsa bhIlor3A tAllukAmeM bhuvanezvarake suprasiddha maMdirake sammukha eka muralIdhara maMdira hai / isakI dIvAra meM kisI prAcIna sUryamaMdira meMkA sAraMgadevakA bAghelAke samayakA saM0 1354 ( I0sa01298) kA zilAlekha lagA huA hai| zrI nIlakaNTha jIvatarAmane 'buddhiprakAza, 1910 meM ise prakAzita karAyA hai| tatpazcAt isakA zuddhatara paThana zrI tanasukharAma tripAThIne 'buddhiprakAza,' mArca apraila 1910meM vivecana sahita prakAzita kiyA hai, (zrI girijAzaMkara AcArya dvArA sampAdita aura phAbaMsa gujarAtI sabhA dvArA prakAzita kiyA gayA 'gujarAta nA aitihAsika lekhoM meM yaha mahattvapUrNa zilAlekha saMgrahIta nahIM hai / ) isameM dI gaI vAghelAoMkI vaMzAvaliparase usa kAlameM dvarAja paddhati honekA jJAna spaSTa ho jAtA hai| uparyukta rAmadeva ki jisakA koI utkIrNa lekha athavA puSpikA abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huI hai isakA bhI rAjyakartAke rUpameM ullekha hai| (tasyAGgajaH saMprati rAjate'sau zrIrAmanAmA npckrvrtii| zloka 12) cintAmaNi pArzvanAthake maMdirakI prazastimeM ke nAmadevake saMbaMdhI ullekhake sAtha isakI tulanA karanepara isake nirNAyaka arthake sambandhameM kisI prakArakI zaMkA nahIM rhtii| vAghelAoMke samakAlIna rAjavaMza, sUvarNagirI-jAlaurake sonagirI cauhANoMmeM bhI yaha paddhati thii| 'kAnhar3ade prabandha'ke nAyaka kAnhar3adeke sambandhameM to isa viSayameM spaSTa samakAlIna pramANa hai| jAlaurake saM0 1353 (I0sa0 1297)ke eka lekha meM kAnhar3adevako apane pitA sAmanta siMhake sAtha rAjya karate hue batAyA gayA hai auM / (saM0)vat 1353 (varSe) ve (zA)kha vadi 5 (some) zrI suvarNagirI adyeha mahArAjakula zrIsAm (ma)ta siMhakalyANaM (Na) vijayarAjye tatpAdapadmopajIvini (rA)jazrIkAnhar3adevarAjyadhurA(mu)dvavahamAne ihaiva vAstava vAstavya (prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2 lekhAMka 353) tadanusAra jAlaurake pAsa coTaNa gA~vameMse prApta aura jAlorameM surakSita saM0 1355 (I0 saM0 1299) ke eka lekha meM (buddhiprakAza, aiprila 190, pR0 111) isI prakAra se saM0 1356 (I0 saM0 1300) ke eka aprasiddha zilAlekhameM (dazaratha zarmA, 'arlI cauhANa DAinesTija,' pR0 159) meM bhI sAmantasiMha aura kAnhar3adeva kA rAjyakarttAke rUpameM sAtha-sAtha hI ullekha hai|| isa prakArake zAsanaprabandhameM aisA bhI hotA thA ki pitAkI apekSA putra adhika pratApI ho to sAhitya aura anuzrutimeM putrako hI adhika smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| sAmantasiMhake lekha saM0 1339 se 1362 (arthAt I0 saM0 1283 se 1306) takake upalabdha hote haiM (zarmA uparyukta pR0 159) saM0 1353 ko avadhimeM kAnhar3adeva apane pitA sAmantasiMhake sAtha rAjya-prabandhameM sammilita huA ho, aisA utkIrNa lekhoMparase vidita hotA hai (gujarAtake sAraMgadeva vAghelAkA dehAvasAna saM0 1353 meM huA aura isI varSa karNadeva pATaNakI gahIpara AyA yaha aitihAsika pramANoMse nizcita hai| itanA hote hae isake bAda DeDha sause bhI adhika varSake pazcAt 'kAnhadeprabandha'ke racayitA padmanAbhane usa samaya gujarAtameM sAraMgadeva aura karNadevakA sAtha-sAtha rAjya honekA varNana kiyA hai; jo dvairAjya paddhatikI balavAna paramparAkA dyotaka hai) gujarAtakA hindu rAjya alAuddIna khilajIse parAjita huA yaha eka matase saM0 1356 (I0 saM0 1300) meM aura dUsare matase saM0 1360 (I0 saM0 1304) meM kintu 1360 se adhika bAdameM to nahIM hai| pATaNa aura somanAthapara alAuddInakA AkramaNa huA aura vahA~se lauTate samaya jAlaurake cauhANoMne muslima senAko parAjita kiyA vaha yahI samaya thaa| usa samaya jAlaurakI rAjyagaddIpara sAmantasiMha thA isa saMbaMdhameM samakAlIna utkIrNa lekhoM dvArA asaMdigdha pramANa prApta hote haiN| kintu isake vaMzaja akherAjakA 216 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ rAjakavi padmanAbha 'kAnhar3ade prabandha'ke prArambhameM sAmantasiMhakA kevala nAmollekha karake kAnhar3adevakA caritra hI varNana kara detA hai| kAnhar3adeva, pRthvIrAja evaM hammIrakI zreNIkA vIra yoddhA, netatva zakti sampanna thA aura usakI smRti sAhityameM usake pitAse bhI vizeSa rUpase surakSita hai| sAmantasiMhakA dehAnta saM0 1362 yA 1363 (I0 saM0 1306 yA 1307) meM huA thaa| arthAt pATana aura somanAthake patanake pazcAt zIghra hI muslima sainya aura jAlaurake cauhAnoMke prathama yuddha meM vaha vidyamAna thaa| kintu, isa sambandhameM padmanAbha mauna hI hai| kAvyake prArambhameM kAnhar3adevakA ullekha sAmantasiMhake putrake rUpameM itanA hI kiyA hai jAlahurau jagi jANIi, sAmantasI suta jeu tAsa taNA guNa varNavU, kIrati kAnhaDadeu 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'ke kathanAnusAra jAlora kA patana saM0 1368 (khaMDa 1 kar3I 5) (I0 saM0 1312) meM haA thA aura isa aMtima yuddha meM kAnhar3adeva vIragatiko prApta ho gyaa| rAjasthAnake cauhAna rAjA-jAlaura, nADaula, sapAdalakSa aura candrAvatIke zAsaka gujarAtake mANDalika the / isameM jAlaura aura candrAvatIke sAtha pATaNakA sambandha sarvottama thA / saM0 1348 meM phiroja khilajIne jAlaurake rAjyapara AkramaNa kiyA aura dakSiNakI ora TheTha sAMcora taka vaha A paha~cA / taba sAraMgadeva vAghelAne jAlaurake cauhANoMkI sahAyatAkara mullima senAko vApasa khader3a diyA thaa| ('vividhatIrtha kalpa', pR0 30) isake kucha varSoMke pazcAt alAuddInakA AkramaNa huA thaa| pArasparika sahAyatAke isa sambandhake kAraNa bhI kAnhar3adevane alAuddInakI senAko mArga denese inkAra kiyA hogaa| gujarAtake rAjAne mAdhava brAhmaNakA jaba tiraskAra kiyA tabhI usa ghaTanAmeMse vigraha huA-isa AzayakA ullekha 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'ke prathama khaNDakI terahavIM kar3Ike uttarArddha meM hama pahale dekha cuke haiN| isake bAda 25-26 vIM kar3ImeM alAuddInake darabArameM karNa vAghelAke vyavahArake sambandhameM samaya mAdhava mahetAke mukhake nimna zabda padmanAbhane rakhe haiM pahilu rAi hU~ avagaNyau, mAharau baMdhava kaisava haNyau teha dharaNI dhari rAkhi rAi, evaDDa rosa na sahiNa ujaai| karNane maMtrIkI patnIkA apaharaNakara lene kI anuzrati sahI rUpaye prAcIna honA cAhiye kintu isakA vidhivat varNana karanevAle lekhakoMmeM padmanAbha agragaNya hai| isa anuzrutikI vizvanIyatAke sambandhameM itihAsa zodhakoMmeM matabheda hai| hama, yahAM isa carcA meM nahIM utarate haiN| kintu itanA to nizcita hai ki karNa aura mAdhavake madhya vaimanasya honekA kAraNa mAtra karNake rAjyAraMbhake samAna hI purAnA thA aura bAdameM pIchese isa sambandhameM anya kAraNa sammilita ho gaye hoNge| saMskRtake 'naiSadhIya carita' mahAkAvya parako caNDU paMDita dvArA kI gaI suprasiddha TIkA saM0 1353 meM dholakAmeM kI gaI thii| sAraMgadevakA dehAnta bhI isI varSa meM huA thaa| sAraMgadevake zAsanakAlakA yaha antima varSa aura karNake zAsanakAlakA prathama varSa thaa| caNDU paNDitane prastuta kAvyake AThaveM sargake 59 meM zlokakI TIkAmeM likhA hai-"vartamAna mahAmAtya mAdhavadevane udayarAjako gaddIpara biThAnekA prayatna karate samaya mahArAja zrIkarNadevakI bhUmimeM sarvatra lUTa-khasoTa calanese dvairAjyake kAraNase logoMmeM virakti utpanna ho gaI (yathA-idAnIM mahAmAtya zrI mAdhavadevena zrI udayarAje rAjani kartumArabdhe sati mahArAjazrIkarNadevasya bhUmI sarvatra sarvajanAnAM vittapahiyamANe dvairAjyAta loke viraktirajani / ) isakA yaha abhiprAya huA ki mAdhava maMtrI aisA nahIM cAhate the ki karNa rAja-gahIpara 28 bhASA aura sAhitya : 217
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________________ baiThe / sambhava hai ki karNake dugaNa isameM kAraNabhUta hoN| mAdhavane kisa udayarAjako rAjya sauMpane kA prayatna kiyA thA vaha vAghelA vaMzakA hI koI vyakti hogaa| kintu isa sambandhameM upalabdha sAdhanoMmeMse vizeSa kucha jAnakArI nahIM prApta ho skii| rAjya-zAsana parivartanake prayatna niSphala ho jAnepara mAdhavane karNake sAtha vyAvahArika samAdhAna kara liyA hogA aura pratiSThita evaM kArya kuzala purAne maMtrIko ekAeka padabhraSTa kara denekA sAhasa kara lenA bhI karNako ucita pratIta nahIM huA ho / kiMtu isake bAda ina donoM ke paraspara sambandha ThIka na rahe the antameM isIkA atyanta gambhIra pariNAma gujarAta rAjyako bhoganA pdd'aa| 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'ke racanAkAlase lagabhaga Der3ha sau zatAbdI pUrva ghaTita ghaTanAoMkI yaha bAta huI kintu isa samayakI sAMskRtika paristhitike sambandhameM bhI 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' meMse itanI vaividhyapUrNa sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai aura anya upalabdha pramANoMke sAtha isakA vibhinna prakArase saMyojana itanA mahattvapUrNa bana jAya yaha aisA hai ki yaha viSaya antameM eka mahAnibandhakI kSamatA rakhatA hai| isa bhASaNakI maryAdAmeM maiM sthAlIpulAka nyAyAnusAra katipaya pramANoMkI ora hI ApakA dhyAna AkarSita kruuNgaa| 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' kI racanA padyameM hone para bhI isameM prasaMgopAta bhaDAuli-bhaTAuli zIrSakake antargata gadya varNaka AtA hai| 'varNaka' arthAt kisI bhI viSaya kA paramparA se lagabhaga nizcita kiyA gayA eka mArga, akSaroMke rUpake mAtrA aura layake baMdhanoMse mukta hote hue bhI isameM lI gaI samasta chUTakA lAbha lete hue| prAsa mukta 'gadya-bolI meM bahuta kucha varNakoMkA sRjana kiyA huA hai jo aba prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityake zodhakoMko suvidita hai| prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya praNAlImeM-saMskRta, pAli isI prakArase prAkRtameM varNakoMkI paramparAkA mUla khojA jA sake, aisA hai| pAlimeM aise varNana 'paithyAla' nAmase pahacAne jAte hai aura jaina Agama sAhityameM ve 'vaNNao' kahe jAte haiN| prAcIna gujarAtI varNakoMke samuccaya prakAzita hue hoM tathA vastrAlaMkAra, bhojanAdi, zastrAstroM evaM vividha AnuSaMgika viSayoMke sambandhameM vidhivat varNaka sulabha hokara 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' meM kI bhaTAuliyoM ke adhyayana hetu aba ucita sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika saMdarbhameM avalokana kiyA jA sake, aisA hai| vIrarasa pradhAna varNakako bhaTAuli kahA jAtA hogA yaha bhI samajhA jAya, aisA hai| 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'ke prathama khaNDake lagabhaga madhyameM (zrIvyAsakI AvRtti 10 40-48) AI huI bhaTAulimeM kAnhar3adevake ghor3e aura usake zRgAra sainya, sainika evaM daNDAyudhakA varNana hai| tRtIya khaNDa kI bhaTAuli (10 156-59)meM jAlaurake kilekA aura kAnhar3adevakI sabhAkA ujjvala varNana hai| padmanAbha dvArA isameM akherAjakI rAja-sabhAkA ullekha kiyA jAnA vastutaH sambhavita ho / (gaMgAdhara kRta gaMgAdAsapratApavilAsa nATakameM cAMpAnerakA varNana karate hue citrapaTakA yahA~ smaraNa ho AtA hai / ) caturtha khaNDa (kar3I 9-58)meM jAlora nagara aura isameMkI vividha prakRtiyoMkA jo sAMgopAMga varNana hai vaha padmanAbhake samakAlIna jAlaurakA hogA kintu, usa samayake gujarAta-rAjasthAnake aneka nagaroMko samajhane ke kAma Ave, aisA hai / isameM : kAgala kApar3a nai hathiyAra, sAthi sudAgara tejI sAra (khaNDa 4 kar3I 16) isa paMktimeM zastroMke vyApArake sAtha-sAtha tejo-ghor3e becanevAle sambhavataH videzI saudAgaroM kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza hai| _ 'kAnhar3adepravandha'meM vibhinna jAtike ghor3oM kI vistRta sUcI hai / anya varNakoMmeM evaM saMskRta 218 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ sAhityameM aura saMskRta koSoMmeM bhI isI prakArake ghor3oMke nAma milate haiN| ina nAmoMmeM kucha to unake raMgaparase aura kucheka zarIrAkRti parase haiM / katipaya nAma dezavAcaka hai (jaise ki, siMghUyA, pahiThANA, uttara dezake UMdirA, kanUja dezake kulathA, madhya dezake mahUyar3A, devagirA, bAhar3adezake boriyA-pR042-43) kucheka to spaSTarUpase paradezI hai (jaise ki, spANIpaMthA, naI khurasANI, eka turakI turaMga, khaNDa 1 kar3I 185 isake uparAnta dekheM-torakA-khetra, khurAsANI, pR0 52-53) Aja to inameM ke kucheka nAmoMkA artha sarvathA samajhameM hI AtA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki inameM se amaka videzI hoM / saMskRta koSoMmeM bhI isI prakArake nAma Aye haiN| ucca zreNIke yuddhopayogI ghor3oMkA videzoMse bhAratameM AyAta hotA rahatA thaa| saMskRta-prAkRta sAhityameM IrAnI kiMvA arabI ghor3oMke saudAgaroMke sambandhameM upalabdha anekoM vArtAyeM isakA sUcaka hai| jisa prakArase gaukA ghaNa, mahiSakA khAMDu aura bher3a-bakarIkA bAgha usI prakArase teja upayogI ghor3oMke samudAyake sambandhameM prAcIna gujarAtI meM 'lAsa' zabdakA vyavahAra huA hai| sultAna alAuddInake sammukha mAdhava mehatA dvArA 'ghor3oMkI lAsa' bheMTa karAte hue 'kAnhar3adeMprabandha'kArane varNana kiyA hai dharI bheTI ghor3AnI lAsa, mIra OMbare karI aradAsa baDau mukardama mAdhava nAma, pAtisAhanai karai silAma (khaNDa 1, kar3I 20) TheTha vikramake terahaveM zatakake 'bharata-bAhubali rAsa' meM 'haya lAsa' zabdakA prayoga AyA hai aura satrahaveM zataka taka yaha zabda yadA-kadA dikhAI detA rahA hai| saM0 lakSmIparase isakI vyutpatti ucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai| ghor3oMke samUhakA artha vyakta karate samaya kisI videzI zabdakA yaha rUpAntara honA sambhava hai / arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAke uttama azvavAcaka kucheka zabda-'kekANa', 'toravAra', 'tAjI-tejI', videzI haiM / yuddha sambandhI kAvya hone ke kAraNa yaha svAbhAvika hai ki 'kAnhar3adeprabandha meM astra-zastroMkA ullekha ho| khaDga evaM khAMDu eka hI arthavAcaka anukramase tatsama aura tadbhava zabda haiM aura usake aneka prakArake nAma varNakoMmeM upalabdha hote haiM ('varNaka-samuccaya', bhAga 2 sUcIyeM pR0 187) / jo sIdhe phalakavAlA aura caur3AI liye hue ho use khaDga, Ter3he phalakavAlI talavAra, sIdhI talavArake samAna patale phalaka kA jo mur3a jAya aise khaDgako paTA kahate haiM / isa khaDga dvArA khele jAnevAle khelako paTAbAjI kahate haiM / karaNa vAghelA binA myAnakA paTA apane hAthameM rakhatA thaa|' kAnhar3adeprabandhameM isa sambandhameM aisA varNana AyA hai ehavau aMga taNau anurAga, nitanita maccha karai vachanAga viNa paDiyAra paTau kara vahai, na ko aMgarakhajamalau rahai (khaNDa 1, kar3I 24) phira Age calakara khAMDA aura talavArase pRthak paTAkA ullekha hai vahA~ bhI yaha bhinnatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| kAnhar3adevakI sahAyatAmeM chattIsoM rAjavaMzI ekatra hote haiM aura ve apane-apane zastroMko dhAraNa karate haiM aMgA Topa raMgAuli khAMDA, kheDAM paTA kaTArI sIMgaNi joDa bhalI taDyArI, lIjai sAra visArI (khaNDa 1, kar3I 181) khAMDA paTA taNA gajaveli, alavi AgilA hIDai geli (khaNDa 4, kar3I 47) 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'meM kucheka alpajJAta zastroMmeM 'gurjara'kA ullekha hai aura 'varNaka-samuccaya' (bhAga 2 sUcoyeM pR0 188) meM bhI isakA 'guruja' nAmase nAmAntara prApta hotA hai| kAnhar3adevakA bhatIjA sAMtalasiMha rAtrike samaya sultAnakI chAvanImeM jAkara nidrAmagna sultAnakA guruja apane sAhasika nizAnI svarUpa le AtA hai bhASA aura sAhitya : 219
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________________ valI vimAsI pAsai huMtau, gurja lIu ahinANa viNa saMketa kahIi ketalai nahI mAnai suratANa (khaNDa 2, kar3I 137) avadhi etalai pahutau kAla, gyau AkAzi dhUpa vikarAla sAtala bhaNai guraja mokalau, pAtisAha kahasi huM bhalau, (khaNDa 2, kar3I 159) / guraja, lohe ke hatthevAlA aura gadAke samAna choTA, sirepara lohA lagA huA aura dhAriye DAlA huA eka zastra hotA hai| adhikatara phakIroMke pAsa choTI guraja hotI hai| jise ve apane hAthameM rakhate haiM / saMnAha-bakhtarake vibhinna prakAra-jarahajINa, jIvaNasAla, jIvarakhI, aMgarakhI, karAMgI, vajrAMgI, lohabaddhaluDi-kAnhar3adeprabandha'kI bhaTAuli (pR0 47)meM varNita hai| inake atirikta aMgA aura raMgAuli ina bhedoMkA bhI ullekha hai (khaNDa 1 kar3I 189, 1081 ko TippaNImeM aMkita prakSepa paMkti 7) ina sabhI bhedoMkA pratyakSa jJAna karane hetu jijJAsuoM aura vidyArthiyoMko kisI silahakhAneko dekhanA caahie| topa aura dArUgoloMkA kucha ullekha bhI 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' meM hai| pro0 pI0 ke0 goDeke matAnusAra (e volyuma Apha iNDiyana eNDa irAniyana sTaDIja pR0 121-22), bhAratameM topake vyavahArakA sarvaprathama ullekha mUlata: eka cInIkA hai aura vaha I0 pU0 1406 jitanA prAcIna hai| dArU golA aura topabandUkake sambandhameM bhAratIya muslima ullekhoMmeM anukramase I0 saM0 1472 aura 1482 hai| nAlikA kiMbA topakA aura dArUgolAkA prAcInase prAcIna ullekha upalabdha saMskRta sAhitya -'AkAza bhairavakalpa' meM kAIsAkI solahavIM zatAbdIke uttarArddhakA hai| isakI apekSA 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'kA ullekha lagabhaga jitanA purAnA hai| ahamadAbAdameM devazA pAMDeke grantha bhaNDArako 'kalpasUtra'kI eka sacitra hastalikhita patrameM bandUkadhArI sainikakA citra hai| (kArla khaMDAlAvAlA aura motIcandra, nyU DokyumeNTsa Apha iNDiyana peiNTiga, bambaI 1969 citra saM0 62) isa hastalikhita patrake antima patra guma ho jAneke kAraNa isakA lekhana-varSa jJAta na ho sake aisA nahIM kintu lipi evaM citrakI zailI parase yaha I0 saM0 1474 ke AsapAsakA honekA anumAna katipaya jAnakAroMne lagAyA hai| isa 'kAnhar3a deprabandha'ko racanA I0 saM0 1456 kI hai isa dRSTise yaha vAstavika pratIta hotA hai| dUsarA, bhAratIya citrakalAkI khoja karanevAle katipaya pAzcAtyoMne 'kalpasUtra'kI prastuta hastalikhita pratimeM ke bandUkake Alakhako TheTha solahavIM zatAbdImeM rakhanekA prayAsa kiyA hai yaha bho 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' meMke topa dArUgole AdikA vyaurevAra varNanako anulakSita karanepara ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| aba 'kAnhar3adeprabandha meM prastuta avataraNa kI ora dRSTipAta karanA caahie| jAlaurake pAsa samiyANAkA kilA, jisako rakSA kAnhar3adevakA bhatIjA sAMtalasiMha kara rahA thA usake ghere jAnekA varNana dekheM taraka car3I gaDha sAhamA Avai. uThavaNI asavAra sAmhA sIMgiNi tIra vichUTai, niratA vahai nalIyAra, upari dhikU DhIla ja dhAi, jhADavIDa sahU bhAMjai hADa gUDa mukha karai kAcarAM paDatau pAhaNa vAjai, AgivarNa uDatA Avai, nAlai nAMkhyA golA bhUkA karai bhIti bhAMjInai, taNakhA kADhai DolA, yaMtra magarabI golA nAMkhai, dU sAMdhI sUtrahAra jihAM paDai tihAM taruvara bhAMjai, paDatau karai saMhAra 220 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ paDai trAsa bhaTakiyAM bichUTai, nai dhUdhUi niphAta . vIja taNi pari jhalakatI dIsai, jehabI UlakApAta, (khaNDa 2, kar3I 125-29) turka ghor3e savAra hokara AkramaNa karate hue gaDha(kile)kI ora Ate haiM / sAmane se dhanuSa meMse tIra iTa rahe hai aura topacIloga (nalIyAra, saM0 nalikAkAra) topa ('niratA')' khIMcate hue jA rahe haiN| (kilemeMke loga) Uparase bar3e-bar3e patthara pheMka rahe haiM aura ina girate hue pattharoMse coTa pahuMca rahI hai| topameM ('nAli') DAle hue agnivarNake gole ur3ate A rahe haiM ve (kilekI) dIvArako tor3akara cUra-cUra kara dete haiM aura unameMse moTImoTI jvAlAyeM nikalatI haiN| sUtradhAra loga, nizAnA sAdhakara magarabI yantrameMse-patthara pheMkanevAle yantroM meM se (pattharake) gole pheMka rahe haiN| ye jahA~ bhI girate haiM vahA~ke per3a paudhoMko naSTa kara dete haiM aura saMhAra karate haiN| bar3e phaTAke ('bhaTakIyA~') chUTate haiM aura 'naphAta' (isa nAmakA bArUda khAnA) prajvalita ho jAtA hai| yaha vidyutavat camakatA huA dikhAI detA hai mAno ulkApAta hI ho rahA hai / ghora madhya rAtrimeM kileparase kaTaka-chAvaNImeM havAi Ate rahanekA khaNDa 2 kar3I 113meM hai| 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'ke dvitIya khaNDakI bhaTAuli (pR0158-59)meM rAjAdhikAriyoMkI eka choTI-sI sUcI AtI hai AmAtya pradhAna sAmanta mAMDalika, mukuTa barddhana zrI garaNA vaigaraNA dharmAdikaraNA masAhaNI TAvarI bArahIyA puruSa vaiDA chai, pAThAntarameM 'paTa vArI, koThArI' aura 'paraghu' ye karmacArIgaNa haiM / inake atirikta 'khelahuta'-zelata (prathama khaNDakI bhaTAuli, pR0 51, khaNDa 4 kar3I 40) aura nagara-talAra, pauliyA-dvArarakSaka, sUAra 1. prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityameM anyatra kahIM bhI isa 'niratA' pATha (pAThAntara 'naratA') zabda mere dekhane meM nahIM AyA kintu yahA~ saMdarbha dekhate hue usakA artha 'topa' hI pratIta hotA hai| 127 vIM kar3I meM 'nAli' kA artha 'topa' hai isameM to zaMkA nahIM / 'AkAza bhairavAkalpa' meM tathA rudra kavike 'rASTrIyavaMza mahAkAvya' (I0saM0 1506)meM topake liye 'nAlikAstra' ora 'nAlikA' zabdoMkA prayoga haA hai| zrI agaracanda nAhaTAko mile hue lagabhaga satrahavIM zatAbdI ke 'kutUhalam' nAmaka eka rAjasthAnI varNaka-saMgrahameM varSAke varNanameM 'meha gAjai, ANe nAlagolA vAjai' (rAjasthAna-bhAratI pu01 pR0 43) isa prakArase haiM vahA~ bhI 'nAla' zabdakA artha topa hai| jAlaurake kilekI zastrasajjatAke varNanaparase vidita hotA hai ki aise goloMkA bahuta bar3A saMgraha kilepara rahatA thA-- golA yaMtra magaravI taNA, Agai gaDha uvari chai ghaNA / Upari atra taNA koThAra, vyApArIyA na jANUpAra (khaNDa 4, kar3I 35) rAjasthAnake katipaya kiloMpara adyApi pattharoMke aise goloMkA saMgrahIta Dhera dikhAI detA hai| 3. 'niphAta' zabda saM0 nipAtakA tadbhava nahI hai apitu yaha eka prakArakA bArUdaghara hai| yaha madhusUdana vyAsa racita 'haMsavatI vikrama caritra vivAha' (I0sa0 1560)meM barAtake julUsake varNanaparase siddha hotA hai| havAi chUTai anai naphAta, 'jisa pUraNa gAjai varasAta' ( kar3I 653 ) isameM, isa prakArakA nirdeza hai| bhASA aura sAhitya : 221
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________________ pAkazAlAkA Upari adhikArI avadhAniyA~ (1) daherAsarI-devasthAnoMkI dekharekha rakhanevAlA evaM bhaNDArI (khaNDa 4 kar3I 39-42) kA 'pAna kapUra denevAlA thaIAta' (khaNDa 4, kar3I 52) kA tathA 'mahitA kuMDaliyA TAvarI' (khaNDa 4, 262) aura sejapAla (khaNDa 4, kar3I 181-193) kA bhI ullekha hai| khaNDa 4, kar3I 12-20meM jAlaura-varNanameM nagarake vyavasAya aura vyavasAyiyoMkA nirdeza dhyAna dene yogya hai isameM vaNika jJAtike sambandhameM kahA hai vIsA dasA vigati vistarI, eka zrAvaka eka mAhesarI jo, gujarAta evaM rAjasthAnake lie vartamAnameM bhI satya siddha hotA hai / varNakoMmeM rAjaloga aura pauralogoMkI apekSA adhika vistRta nAmAvali upalabdha hotI hai / (varNaka samuccaya, bhAga 2 sUcIyeM pR0 176-185) jo tulanAtmaka rUpase isake sAtha karate hae adhyayana karane yogya hai / 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' ke tRtIya khaNDa (kar3I 37-68) aura caturtha khaNDa (kar3I 43-45) meM kAnhar3adevakI sevAmeM sajjita vibhinna vaMzoMke rAjapUtoMkI vArtA hai usameM 'hUNa' vaMza bhI hai balavantA vAraDa naI hUNa, teha taNai mukhi mAMDai kUNa (khaNDa 3 kar3I 38) eka rAuta cAuDA hUNa, ati phuTarA utArA laNa, (khaNDa 4 kar3I 44) 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' ke nAyakase pUrva hae zAkaMbharIke cauhANa bIsaladeva athavA vigraharAjane ajamerameM saM0 1210meM banAI huI pAThazAlAmeMke (jisako bAdameM masjidake rUpa meM badala diyA gayA thA aura jo vartamAnameM DhAI dinakA jhoMpar3A, ke nAmase pahacAnI jAtI hai) utkIrNa do saMskRta nATaka-vigraharAja svaracita 'harakeli' aura usake sabhApaMDita somadeva racita 'lalitavigraharAja' zilAkhaNDa para likhakara bAdameM khodanevAle paMDita bhAskara 'haNa' rAjavaMzameM janme hue evaM bhojarAjake pratipAtra vidvAn govindake putra paMDita mahipAlakA putra thA, aisA ina nATakoMke antameM varNita hai| ('iNDiyana eNTIkverI' pu0 20 pR0 210-12) mANikyasundara sUri kRta pRthvIcandacaritra, (prAcIna gurjara kAvyasaMgraha pR0 125) meM tathA 'varNaka samuccaya' bhAga 1 (pR0 33 paMkti 12) meM bhI rAjavaMza varNanameM 'hUNa' hai| gujarAtake rebAriyoMmeM 'hUNa' aTaka hai tathA zrI sundaramkI 'gaTTI' navalikAmeM bArayA jJAtikA yuvaka jaba apanI sasurAla AtA hai to usakA svAgata usakI sAliye 'AzA hoNa 'hUNa' Aye ! AzA hoNa Aye !! kahate hue karatI hai| yahA~ prajAmeM hUNa jAti kisa prakArase samAviSTa ho gaI hogI, isakA kucheka anumAna ina prayogoMparase ho AtA hai| 'kAnhadeprabandha' meM se sthApatya evaM nagara-racanA sambandhI ullekha pRthaka karake zrI narasiMharAva ne sUcI ke rUpa meM saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA hai (purovacana, pR0 13-14) isI paramparAke anurUpa lagabhaga samakAlIna varNana aura isakA vistArapUrvaka ullekha varNakoMmeM bhI dekhaneko milatA hai| ('varNaka samuccaya', bhAga 2 sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR088-94, sUcIyeM pR0 171-75) isake sAtha-sAtha madhyakAlIna gujarAta rAjasthAnameM race gaye mArU-garjara evaM saMskRta sAhityameMke vibhinna varNana aura vipula ullekhoMke sAtha tulanAse tathA zakya ho sake vahA~ tatkAlIna sthApatya, zilpa evaM citroMke sAtha saMyojana karanese isa viSayameM bahuta navIna jAnakArI prApta hotI hai athavA jJAta vastuoMmeM mahattvapUrNa vRddhi ho sakatI hai, aisA hai| padmanAbhane 'kAnhar3adeprabandha meM jAlaurake kileparake tathA isakI talahaTIke nagarameMke prasaMgavaza varNanako lakSameM rakhakara jina vividha sthaloMkA nirdezana kiyA hai ve samasta Aja bhI dekhe jA sakate haiM, pahacAne jA sakate haiM athavA unakA sthAna nirNaya ho sakatA hai| prAcIna sAhitya racanAmeM nirdiSTa bhUgolakA pratyakSa paricaya isa viziSTa rItise eka AkarSaka viSaya hai| isa kAvyameM varNita sthAnoMkA pratyakSa-darzana kara lene ke 222 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ pazcAt isameMke varNana kiMvA nirdezanoMke yathAzakya saMyojanakA prayatna maiMne eka lekhameM ('jAlora aura zrImAlakI vidyAyAtrA,' 'buddhi prakAza' apraila 1967) kiyA hai ataH yahA~ vistAra nahIM kruuNgaa| isa prakArase bhASA evaM sAhitya donoM dRSTikoNase mAru-gurjara sAhityameM 'kAnhar3adeprabandha' atyanta mahattvakA hai| madhyakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsake liye nirmita sAdhana-granthoMmeM isakA ati viziSTa sthAna hai| muslima rAjyakAlake amuslima mUla sAdhanoMkI-katipaya vidvAnoMke zabdoMmeM kahA jAya to-nona-pasiyana sosijakI-zodha aura adhyayanakA prayatna bizeSa rUpase ho rahA hai taba to 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'ke prati savizeSa dhyAnAkarSaNa karanA hogA, aisA hai / cauhAna vaMzake viziSTa puruSoMpara race gaye saMskRta mahAkAvya, jayanaka kRta 'pRthvI rAjavijaya', aura nayacandrasUrikRta 'hammIramahAkAvya'ke samakakSa hI 'kAnhar3adeprabandha'kA sthAna hai| ('pRthvIrAja rAso', eka prakArase apabhraMza mahAbhArata honepara bhI isakA vivecana eka pRthak vicAra karane yogya hai|) prazasti atyuktiyoMke hone para bhI sAmAnyataH ye kavi sthitikI vAstavikatAkA nirUpaNa karanese nahIM cUke haiN| itanA hote hue bhI upayukta saMskRta mahAkAbyoMke samAna sAhityazAstrake dRr3ha baMdhanoMse alipta aisI padmanAbhakI kAvya racanAke paThana aura parizIlanase eka prakArakI muktatAkA anubhava hotA hai| maiM, isa parizIlanakA avasara dene hetu isa saMzodhana saMsthAke niyAmaka mahodayakA punaH upakAra mAnatA haiN| (buddhiprakAza pharavarI san 1970ke pR0 59 se 69 takase) bhASA aura sAhitya : 223