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________________ puSpA baida kalpasUtra aura citrakalA sabhyatA ke vikAsa ke bahuta pahale, jaba mAnava bhASA dvArA apane mana ke udgAra prakaTa karanA nahIM sIkha pAyA thA, taba vaha saMketoM, rekhAMkanoM yA citroM dvArA apane manonmeSoM ko abhivyakta karane lagA thaa| sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke vikAsa ke sAtha isakA rUpa vividha saraNiyoM se gujaratA huA abhivyakti kA sazakta mAdhyama banatA calA gyaa| citrasUtra meM ise "kalAnAM pravaraM citram' kahakara kalAoM kA samrATa ghoSita kiyA gayA ki samasta dhArmika mUlapAThoM ko lipibaddha kiyA jaae| dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke prAraMbhika grantha prApta nahIM haiN| isakA kAraNa sambhavataH usa samaya aise grantha bhaNDAroM kA abhAva rahA hogA, jahAM unheM surakSita rakhA jA sktaa| muni zrI kAnti sAgara kA vizAla bhArata patrikA (1947 bhAga 40 aMka 6 pR0 341-348) meM, "jaina dvArA pallavita citrakalA' zIrSaka lekha prakAzita huA thaa| unhoMne ina jaina citroM ko tAr3apatra, kAgaja tathA vastroM para nirmita mAnA hai| jaina muniyoM ne svatantra rUpa se samaya-samaya para hajAroM "kalpasUtroM" kI racanA kii| jinameM RSabhadeva, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha evam mahAvIra kA jIvana caritra citroM ke sAtha lipibaddha kiyA gayA hai| kucha viziSTa pratilipiyoM kA vivaraNa yahAM prastuta hai| san 1216 I0 kA "kalpasUtra" jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| "kalpasUtra" va kAlakAcArya kathA "jisakA racanA kAla 1370 I0 mAnA gayA hai, muni puNya vijaya jI ke saMgraha meM hai|" kAlakAcArya kathA meM 6 citra haiN| ye citra sudakSa kalAkauzala ke udAharaNa haiN| caudahavIM zatAbdI kA "kalpasUtra' ahamadAbAda ke sArAbhAI navAba ke saMgraha meM surakSita haiN| bhAratIya nATya, saMgIta aura citrakalA tInoM hI dRSTiyoM meM usakA mahatva apUrva hai| ina citroM meM rAga, rAginI, mUrchanA, tAna kI yojanA saMgIta zAstra ke anusAra hai| 1427 I0 kA "kalpasUtra" iNDiyA Aphisa laMdana meM saMgrahIta hai, isameM 46 citra haiN| kAgaja para prArambhika jaina granthoM meM sarvottama aura prathama "kalpasUtra kalAkAcArya' kathA aMkita hai, jo prinsa oNpha velsa myUjiyama meM surakSita hai| san 1415 kI racanA "kalpasUtra kAlakAcAryakathA bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| isakA kalpasUtra bhAga kalakattA kI bir3alA ekeDamI ke saMgraha meM hai aura kAlaka-bhAga bambaI ke zrI premacanda jaina ke nijI saMkalana meM surakSita hai| san 1465 I0 meM citrita "kalpasUtra" ke citra husaina zAha zarkI ke zAsana kAla meM jaunapura meM citrita hue| isameM nArI AkRtiyoM ko samakAlIna veza-bhUSA meM darzAyA gayA hai| isa taraha "jaina citrakalA" gujarAta kI zvetAmbara kalama se Arambha hokara rAjapUtAnA meM varSoM taka apanA vikAsa karatI rahI aura bAda meM irAnI prabhAvoM se mukta hokara "rAjapUta kalama' meM hI vilayita ho gii|' chapAI ke AviSkAra ke sAtha Aja bhI inakI pratilipiyAM vibhinna sampAdakoM dvArA samaya-samaya para mudrita kI jA rahI haiN| ___ kalpasUtra ke citrakAra prAya: muni hI huA karate the, ve Atma siddhi ke lie sAdhanA aura tapazcaryA meM nirata rahate the| isa avasthA meM unhoMne jo kucha bhI aMkita kiyA tIrthaMkara-maya hokara kiyaa| ve dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika antarbhAvanAoM se ota-prota the| unakA uddezya thA tIrthaMkara-vANI ko jana-jana meM phuNcaanaa| unhoMne "jina-caritroM" ko apanI lekhanI aura tUlikA kA viSaya bnaayaa| vibhinna raMgoM kI tar3aka-bhar3aka meM na par3akara unhoMne mUla raMgoM kA hI prayoga kiyaa| lAla, ___ kAlAntara meM mAnava ke samakSa apane Apa ko atizaya bhogoM se mukta karane kI vyagratA vyApta ho gii| mukti kI yahI kAmanA jaina citrakalA kA AdhAra bnii| logoM ke mana ko ahiMsA-karuNA, zAnti kI ora unmukha kara unameM vairAgya bhAva jAgRta karane kA jaina muniyoM ne bIr3A utthaayaa| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne apane Apa ko sAdhanA aura tapazcaryA kI Aga meM tapAyA aura pratyeka AtmA ke unnayana ke lie mukti kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| jaina-granthoM meM muniyoM ne isI AdhyAtmika bhAva-sampadA ko jo AcArya bhadrabAhu ke samaya se maukhika rUpa meM calI A rahI thI, lipibaddha kiyaa| jIvana ke AdhyAtmika pahaluoM ko jana-jana ke hRdaya meM aMkurita karane ke lie unhoMne citroM kA sahayoga liyaa| ye citra unakI uddezya pUrti meM bhASA se adhika sazakta siddha hue| bAda meM inhIM citroM kI zailI "jaina-citra-zailI" ke nAma se prasiddha huii| IsA kI pAMcavI zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke anusAra gujarAta ke vallabhi ke jaina sAdhuoM kI eka saMgIti huI, jisameM yaha nirNaya kiyA hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 100
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________________ ina citroM ke kucha vizeSa prasaMga ullekhanIya haiM- mahAvIra svAmI kI dUsarI mAtA trizalA ke caudaha mahAsvapna evam garbhApaharaNa, mahAvIra kA janmAbhiSeka, varSIdAna, dIkSA grahaNa ke samaya paMcamuSTi loca karate hue mahAvIra tathA mahAvIra kA smvsrnn| bhagavAna neminAtha kI bArAta kA dRzya, RSabhadeva kA rAjyAbhiSeka tathA pArzva tapasyA kA citraNa bhI sarAhanIya hai| ina citroM meM vRSabha, siMha, hAthI, sarpa Adi pazuoM kA rekhAMkana kalAkAra ke kauzala kA prazasta namUnA hai| kalaza, chatra, agni, dhvaja Adi kA aMkana pratIkAtmaka pIle, hare, kAle evam sapheda raMgoM ke sAtha mugala zAsana kAla meM nIle, sunaharI va rUpaharI raMgoM kA prayoga bhI jur3a gyaa| tAr3apatrIya citroM meM jaina kalAkAroM kI rekhAeM sUkSma aura sazakta haiN| inakA mUla uddezya bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karanA thA, jisameM ve saphala hue| __ kalpasUtra kA AyAma prAya: 5 se 6 iMca caur3A evam 10 se 12 iMca lambA rahA karatA hai| usI meM eka ora to prasaMga kA vivaraNa aura dUsarI ora usa viSaya para AdhArita citra aMkita kie jAte haiN| phalata: isakA varga kSetra 9 se 12 varga iMca taka hI sImita rahatA hai| itane laghu dAyare meM apanI bAta kaha dene meM ye kalAkRtiyAM advitIya haiN| bAda meM inameM irAnI prabhAva ke kAraNa bela-bUToM kI paccIkArI kA pracalana bhI cala pdd'aa| ___ ina citroM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki jaina devI-devatAoM ke paramparAgata aMkana hote hue bhI ye kalAtmaka haiN| pRSThabhUmi sAdI, AkRtiyAM nukIlI evam paralI AMkha yukta haiN| pAtra ke anurUpa hI unakI sAja-sajjA, AkAra-prakAra aura alaMkaraNa haiN| eka ora devatAgaNa athavA rAjA AbhUSaNoM se susajjita haiM to dUsarI ora zramaNa zveta athavA svarNima vastra dhAraNa kie hue haiN| kalpasUtra kI citrakalA kA viSaya puruSa pradhAna haiN| puruSa dupaTTA aura dhotI dhAraraNa kie hue haiN| striyAM kasI huI aMgiyA tathA dhotI pahane najara AtI haiN| vastra bela-bUToM se AcchAdita haiN| per3a, paudhe sthAna ke anusAra citra kI AlaMkArikatA ko bar3hAte haiN| yahI nahIM ina citroM meM zailI kA vikAsa bhI dikhAI detA hai| udAharaNArtha ujhamaphoI- saMgraha - kalpasUtra ke mahAvIra-janma vAle dRzya meM parade kA thor3A sA aMza dikhAI detA hai kintu iDara vAle citroM meM isI kA vistRta aMkana huA hai| ___saMbhavata: sarvAdhika sundara evaM vipula citrita kalpasUtra kI prati devazA no pAr3o bhaNDAra, ahamadAbAda kI prati hai| ghane vRkSAdi tathA phUloM vAle paudhe, raMgIna cir3iyAM, jIvanta pazu, vividha raMgoM ke vastra pahane vibhinna mudrAoM meM aMkita kanyAeM isa citrAvalI kI vizeSatAeM haiN| isameM bharata ke nATya zAstra para AdhArita vibhinna nRtya evaM saMgIta kI mudrAeM haiN| ___ jaina granthoM para lakar3I kI daphtiyAM surakSArtha bAMdhI jAtI thiiN| ina daphtiyoM para sUkSma bela-bUToM kI citrakArI kalAkAra ke dhairya aura sAdhanA kA advitIya udAharaNa hai| sAdhanA ke rAste para bar3hate hue evam tIrthaMkara kI vANI kA smaraNa karate hue muniyoM evam jaina kalAkAroM ne jo anubhUti kI vaha unakI kalAkRti kI AdhAra-zilA banI, jisane jana sAdhAraNa ke AdhyAtmika pakSa ko atyanta prabhAvita kiyA, sAtha hI sAtha rAjasthAnI aura mugala zailI ke nirmANa meM bhI mahatvapUrNa yoga diyaa| isa taraha kalpasUtra' ne bhAratIya jJAna bhaNDAra ko samRddha kiyaa| mugala saltanata ke saMkaTakAlIna samaya meM bhAratIya sabhyatA evam saMskRti ko bacAe rakhane meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaaii| svarNamaya aura rajatamaya hone ke kAraNa ye pothiyAM atyanta mUlyavAna haiN| inakA yogadAna sAhityika, aitihAsika, kalAtmaka evam AdhyAtmika sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai| Aja dharma-sUtroM ke sAtha ye citra bhI hamArI AdhyAtmika paramparA kI abhinna dharohara bana gaI haiN| saMdarbha 1.ke. kAsalIvAla, jaina grantha bhaNDArsa ina rAjasthAna, 1964 jayapura - pR0 2 2. khaNDAlAvAlA (kArla) evaM moticandra ina ilasTreTeDa kalpasUtra peNTeDa paTa - 17-14 jaunapura ina e0 DI0 1465 lalitakalA-12 pR0 9-15 3. vAcaspati gairolA, bhAratIya citrakalA, pR0 138 hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa/101